In regions with unreliable rainfall, irrigation is used in agriculture and horticulture, for irrigating crops, lawns, football pitches, and the like. However, with water being a resource that requires conserving, there is a need to minimize wastage.
One commonly employed irrigation technique is to use commercially available sprinklers.
There are two basic types of sprinkler heads. The first is a simple, above ground set up, where the head fits onto a hose pipe. This requires the owner to stand out in the yard and spray water with a hose for hours each week. Alternatively, a sprinkler that can be put on the ground may be used, and the user then moves the sprinkler around the property and make sure that all areas are irrigated.
A second option is to install an in-ground system. Each in-ground sprinkler system has a main line which leads to different branches. A sprinkler unit is positioned at the end of each branch. The sprinkler unit is designed to spray water over a designated area. The sprinkler unit either protrudes above the ground, or is designed to ‘pop up’, meaning that it is buried in the ground, and when activated, the water pressure causes an upper section to pop up above the ground level, to sprinkle water, and then to retract to ground level after use, enabling the lawn, golf course or other planted area to be subsequently mowed, and removing an obstruction that could trip up children, etc.
The shape of each nozzle and the configuration of nozzles on the sprinkler head is shaped according to what kind of spray pattern the nozzles are designed to deliver, and how many streams of water the sprinkler head can pump out at once.
Each sprinkler head is designed to create flows of water that shoot out of the individual nozzles of the head and onto the surrounding area. There are three basic types of spray patterns: fixed, rotating, and mist.
The sprinkler with the fixed spray pattern is designed to stay stationary. Most commonly, it consists of multiple thin streams of water that fan out from nozzles arranged around the center of a circular head. Usually, the water that is pumped out can reach about 3 to 15 feet.
Although some fixed spray sprinkler heads have non-adjustable nozzle configurations, and spray in 360°, or in 180°, 90°, etc., other sprinkler heads can be adjusted to irrigate in a targeted direction over a range, of say from 40° degrees to a full 360°.
Thus a fixed 180° sprinkler head, or a sprinkler head adjusted to spray water over a 180° arc may be used alongside a paved pathway, thereby watering the grass but not the paved area.
Pop up sprinklers typically protrude about 2 inches above the ground when in use, and sink back to ground level when the water pressure is switched off. Where it is necessary to clear rough grass, sprinklers that pop up 4 inches are used. Some are even designed to pop up to heights of 20° inches for irrigating flowering plants and the like.
Another type of sprinkler is the rotating head type sprinkler which throws water over a larger range, and is typically used to irrigate plants that are 20 to 150 feet away from the sprinkler. Gear-driven rotating heads are designed to turn anywhere from 40° to 360° degrees, and typically irrigate an area having a radius of 18 to 55 feet. This makes them well suited to irrigating large yards or industrial and commercial areas. The impact rotating sprinkler has a directed jet that is moved around its path by an impacter. These systems are most often used in public areas, such as parks, play areas, sports fields and the like. These usually require regular maintenance, because they have finely tuned moving parts that are subject to wear, and can malfunction over time.
There are also large turf rotors that are used for irrigating areas such as golf courses, where a significant amount of mowed grass needs watering. Each turf rotor may irrigate an area therearound to a radius of 100 feet.
There is an advantage to provide irrigation where needed, such as to lawns, and to ensure that all parts of the lawn that need to be irrigated are properly irrigated, preventing the grass from yellowing, whilst also avoiding the unnecessary irrigating of adjacent land that is not planted, such as paths, fences, driveways and the like.
Lawns may be rectangular or oval rather than circular, and even along an arc. Therefore, in some cases it is necessary to sprinkle over a longer distance in one part of the arc for example the middle of the arc, and over shorter distances at one or both ends, or to sprinkle over longer distances at each end and shorter distances in the middle.
Certain embodiments provide sprinklers that can be better tailored to irrigate non-standard areas requiring irrigation, such as lawns, whilst ensuring irrigation of the entire area up to the edges, whilst avoiding irrigating adjacent areas such as pathways.
In certain embodiments, the sprinkler head can be set to sprinkle in two or three discontinuous directions, over arcs of different lengths, and in some cases over different ranges in each direction.
Some embodiments provide a sprinkler head that can provide water at a desired lateral angle around the sprinkler head, up to all directions (360°), or in a smaller angle, or to a range of smaller angles in desired directions, and which can be set to sprinkle over a range of distances from not sprinkling at all, to sprinkling over a maximum range in each direction.
The term nozzle array as used herein, refers to a nozzle or a stack of nozzles on a sprinkler head that directs water outwards in a specific radial direction.
The term orifice as used herein refers to an outlet of a nozzle.
A radial direction may be provided with a single nozzle or by a stack of nozzles in the same general radial direction, wherein each nozzle is directed to a different range.
Certain embodiments deliver a fairly constant amount of water per unit area per unit time, no matter the range, which is an advantage. Since the area covered increases with the square of the range, to obtain a constant irrigation rate at all distances, more water is required to be sent to more distance areas. This may be achieved by each general radial direction being provided with either a single nozzle that is shaped to provide more water at maximum trajectories or by a stack of nozzles, having larger nozzles directed to further ranges. Thus in some embodiments, a shaped nozzle or stack of nozzles is shaped to spray less water over an area close to the sprinkler and increasing amounts of water with increased distance, to the maximum range, which in certain embodiments, is user configurable, but to deliver a fairly constant amount of water per unit area, independent of distance.
An embodiment is directed to providing a sprinkler head for attaching to a stem of a sprinkler, the sprinkler head for closing the stem, said sprinkler head having a round or polygonal shaped perimeter and comprising at least one directional nozzle array on the perimeter of the sprinkler head facing a radial direction for providing irrigation in the radial direction; the at least one directional nozzle array being provided with a dedicated regulator for regulating water flow therethrough over a range from fully open to fully closed.
In certain embodiments, each directional nozzle array comprises a single nozzle or a stack of nozzles for irrigating in a specific direction.
Typically, the regulator of each nozzle array may be independently configured by the user to determine the range in each direction, and its position remains fixed until reconfigured.
Typically, the sprinkler head is provided with a plurality of nozzle arrays along a section of the perimeter of the sprinkler head; each nozzle array having a dedicated regulator.
In certain embodiments, a plurality of nozzle arrays is provided around the entire perimeter of the sprinkler head, each nozzle array having a dedicated regulator.
In some embodiments, the regulator of each nozzle array simultaneously adjusts both the angle of elevation of the nozzle array and the throughput thereof.
Typically, each nozzle or stack of nozzles in a nozzle array faces the same general radial direction, but is configured to sprinkle water over a different range.
Optionally, the dedicated regulator further regulates a range of spraying distances from between zero and maximum range. In some embodiments, each nozzle passes through a wall of the sprinkler head and ends at an orifice on the outer perimeter.
Optionally, each nozzle is angled to direct water sprayed through its orifice to appropriate desired distance from the sprinkler head.
In some embodiments, each radial direction is provided with a single nozzle having an inverted triangular orifice with a wide top, narrowing downwards to a tip, and the regulator is a sliding valve that is positionable to block at least part of the orifice, by being slid downwards from the top towards the tip to progressively block the orifice and minimize through flow and range of spray therethrough, thereby shrinking the effective opening of the orifice to regulate the range of water sprayed therethrough from fully open to fully closed.
In some embodiments, side walls of the triangle are selected from the group comprising straight lines, convex curves and concave curves.
In some embodiments each radial direction is served by a stack of nozzles through a wall of the sprinkler head each nozzle ending in an orifice on the perimeter of the sprinkler head, and each nozzle being is angled to direct water sprayed therethrough to a different desired distance from the sprinkler head.
In some embodiments, each radial direction is provided with a generally inverted triangular shaped stack of nozzles passing through a wall of the sprinkler head, and the regulator is a sliding rod that is positionable to block none, some or all of the nozzles by being slid along a socket within a wall of the sprinkler head that traverses the nozzles, thereby partially or fully blocking at least one nozzle of the stack of nozzles to regulate the range of water sprayed therethrough from zero distance when the stack of nozzles is fully blocked, to a maximum distance when the stack of nozzles fully opened.
Optionally, each nozzle comprises a circular orifice.
Optionally, each orifice is an end of a nozzle through a wall of the sprinkler head that is angled to the horizontal to direct water sprayed therethrough to a different distance from the sprinkler head.
In some embodiments, each nozzle is provided with a regulator comprising a ball that rests in a snug fitting socket, and an adjustment lever coupled to the ball; the ball of the ball and socket valve comprising a passage from an inlet that is partially alignable, fully alignable and misalignable with a conduit in the sprinkler head that is coupled to the water supply, to a nozzle ending at an orifice on the perimeter of the ball facing generally outwards from the perimeter of the sprinkler head, such that the adjustment lever can be moved along the slot, thereby adjusting the ball in socket valve from fully closed to fully opened, for simultaneously adjusting the quantity of water sprayed through the nozzle from zero to a maximum and for adjusting the trajectory of the water sprayed to a maximum range.
In some embodiments, the nozzle is configured to provide a near constant irrigation density with distance from the sprinkler head over a range.
In some embodiments, the position and orientation of the nozzle of the regulator can be adjusted by a screw driver engaging a notch for a screw driver provided at an end of the lever.
In some embodiments, the angle of elevation of the nozzle and/or sideways tilt are adjustable.
The sprinkler head may be provided with an attachment component or attachment mechanism configured for attaching to the stem of a fixed or pop-up sprinkler unit.
The sprinkler head may however be integral to a sprinkler unit and a head that is retrofittable to a stem of a sprinkler unit for converting a prior art sprinkler to a sprinkler.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, purely by way of example, to the accompanying Figures, wherewith it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the invention only, and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention.
In the drawings, like components are generally designated by like reference numerals, wherein:
With reference to
The pop up sprinkler 10 is coupled to an underground PVC lateral water pipe 18 by a swing pipe 22 that is coupled to the inlet of the body 12, perhaps by an elbow connector, and is also coupled to a T or L junction 24 of the lateral pipe 18.
Referring to
There are a large number of pop up sprinklers on the market. As shown in
Also known, are sprinklers that are radially adjustable such that the angle of the segment over which water is sprayed may be adjusted, to spray along an arc whose length can be set when installing the sprinkler or afterwards by the user. Some sprinklers can be set to spray over a range of segments from a small arc, such as 10°, to spraying in a full circle of 360°. Other sprinklers may only be adjusted over a smaller range, such as between 40° and 90°, for example. Typically, the adjustable sprinkler is configured such that the position of the extreme ends of the arc may be set to define the segment over which water is sprinkled.
In general, each radial direction may be served by a nozzle array that may be a single nozzle or a stack of nozzles each having an orifice on the perimeter the sprinkler head that faces in the same general radial direction., The array of nozzles is configured to provide similar quantities of water per unit area up to the maximum range of the sprinkler, regardless of distance from the sprinkler head. The maximum range of a sprinkler is determined by its design and by the water pressure. As stated hereinabove with reference to
In general, the area served by each sprinkler increases with the square of the range. Similarly, the area served by each nozzle array on the perimeter of the sprinkler head, whether a single nozzle or a stack of nozzles, increases with the square of the distance from the sprinkler head. The nozzle or stack of nozzles in each nozzle array is generally configured to provide equal quantities of water per area to the ground at all distances over the range. As shown in
However, despite their flexibility and wide usage, sprinklers as known, do not provide a full solution for all shapes of lawn. For example, in
U.S. Pat. No. 5,630,549 to Le describes a ‘solution’ to this type of problem, proposing a stack of sprinklers to provide a custom watering pattern. However, a stack of this kind cannot retract into the ground, and a permanently mounted above ground sprinkler stack is an obstruction that could be dangerous to children.
With reference to
With reference to
These examples are extreme. Nevertheless, it will be appreciated that prior art sprinklers often leave dry some peripheral areas of a lawn or other area to be irrigated, resulting in plants yellowing, and dying, whilst irrigating surrounding areas, such as pavements, driveways, decks and so on, where the water is wasted.
Embodiments of the invention described herein below address these deficiencies of sprinklers of the prior art, and provide greater control, for better conforming the area actually irrigated with that intended to be irrigated. Thus lawn sprinklers of the invention can be configured to irrigate an entire lawn, but not surrounding areas, regardless of the shape of the lawn, which may be elliptical or irregular.
Embodiments of the invention are directed to sprinkler heads for both fixed and pop up sprinklers that are provided with one or more nozzle arrays, each nozzle array pointing in a different radial direction, and the range of each nozzle array being separately configurable to enable the distance sprayed in each radial direction to be controlled over a range between no water being emitted, up to the maximum range of the sprinkler head, which in some embodiments may itself be configured, such as with an adjustment screw as known. The sprinkler heads described may be retrofitted to previously installed sprinkler units of a sprinkler system, replacing the prior art sprinkler heads, and may be provided with attachment means, such as an attachment component or mechanism, for example an appropriate screw threading, or with clips of various types. Alternatively, sprinkler heads of the invention may be provided as integral parts of sprinkler units, whether pop up of fixed.
Various designs for the body 12 of sprinkler units and for the risers 26 of pop up sprinklers 10 are known, and apart from the novel sprinkler heads described hereinbelow, the rest of the sprinkler unit may accord to any of the models commercially available or described in one of the many patent publications for lawn sprinklers. Sprinkler heads of the invention may be manufactured and sold as parts of fixed or pop-up sprinkler units or as replacement parts for sprinkler units that may be retrofitted in place of prior art sprinkler heads 26 of both the fixed and pop-up varieties.
With reference to
Optionally, an arc of the perimeter is not provided with nozzles. Thus, for example, where nozzles are only provided along half of the perimeter, the sprinkler head could be used for irrigating a lawn from a straight edge thereof, with a regulator 154n provided for each nozzle 152n for controlling the range in each sprayed direction. However, in this and in other embodiments illustrated herein, nozzles 152n are provided around the entire perimeter of the sprinkler head, and the individual regulators 154n can selectively partially or fully close each nozzle as desired, providing maximum flexibility.
In general, it will be appreciated that the number of nozzles that may be provided in a row around the circumference of the sprinkler head is a function of the size of the nozzle, its regulator and the diameter of the sprinkler head, and although typical embodiments provide 8-20 nozzles typically arranged equidistantly around their perimeter for irrigating in 8 to 20 regulated sprinkler directions, the number of nozzles in some embodiments will be smaller or larger, depending on the desired directional control, the size of the sprinkler head, and so on.
In the embodiments of
The sprinkler head 126 is provided with an attachment means 156 for attaching to the vertical stem of the sprinkler, which is typically a riser 26 of a pop-up sprinkler unit 10. In the embodiments of
In this embodiment, each nozzle 152A, 152B ends in a single orifice that has the shape of an inverted isosceles triangle (see 152A of
As shown, the isosceles triangle has straight sides. However, it will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the edges may barrel outwards in a convex manner, or curve inwards in a concave manner.
With reference to
With reference to
A pair of vertical tracks 158L, 158R is provided on each side (Left and Right) of the orifice of the nozzle 152C.
Referring to
Referring to
The sprinkler head 110 is typically a polymer cap, such as ABS or polypropylene. The sliding stopper 154 of this simple regulator may be fabricated from the same polymer or may be fabricated from or coated with a layer of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or other resilient material so as to tightly engage the sides of the track, over the orifice of the nozzle 152C to close the orifice.
In the embodiments of
As shown in
An alternative sprinkler head embodiment 200 is schematically shown in
As in the embodiments of
Thus in the embodiments of
It will be appreciated that in an alternative way of ensuring more or less constant irrigation with distance, instead of or in addition to varying the diameter of the orifices per horizontal row of an array consisting of a vertical stack of nozzles 252, the number of orifices per row may be varied to create an inverted triangular array of orifices in each radial spray direction. Also, the orifices need not be circular, and could have other shapes.
Having explained the principle of this embodiment with reference to
Each radial direction is provided with a stack 1252, 1252′ of nozzles, each ending in an orifice, so stack 1252 is provided with a stack of orifices 1252A, 1252B . . . 1252E. As shown, the orifices 1252A, 1252B . . . 1252E in stack 1252 may each have the same diameter and flow-rate, or, as with the orifices of
In this variant embodiment, a peg 1258 is provided that protrudes tangentially from the rod or stopper, and the peg can be slid up and down a slot 1259 in the wall of the sprinkler head 1200 to raise and lower the rod within the socket, thereby opening and closing the orifices 1252A-E. The slot 1259 may be provided with notches along one side. If the rod is lowered slightly by moving the peg 1258 down into notch 1259A, orifice 1252A is blocked and notch 1259A restrains the peg 1258 and stops the water pressure pushing the rod upwards.
If the peg 1258 is pushed all the way down the slot 1259 and positioned in notch 1259E, all the nozzles of the stack are blocked, preventing water flowing through any of the orifices 1252A-E, and no water is sprinkled in the direction opposite the stack 1252.
With reference to
The balls 314 of the ball in socket regulators 310 are held, in certain embodiments, between a base section 320 and a lid 330, and each ball in socket regulator 310 consists of a lever 312 coupled to a ball 314. The lever 312 may be slid back and forth in a slot 319 to rotate the ball 314 and adjust both the flow rate and the elevation of the nozzle 318.
The sprinkler head 350 is attached to the stem of a sprinkler, such as a pop up sprinkler and may be provided with a male or female screw-thread for attaching to the stem of the sprinkler, and either sold with the entire sprinkler unit or retrofitted instead of prior art sprinkler heads to convert an existing system.
With reference to
If the lever 312 is moved in a clockwise direction from the perspective shown in
Referring back to
As shown, the width of inlet 306 is smaller than the width of conduit 304. This enables the direction of the nozzle 318 to be varied in a vertical arc whilst maintaining constant flow. Although, both inlet 306 and conduit 304 may be circular, in some embodiments, one or other may have different geometries and their relative dimensions may be different as well, giving greater design flexibility. The important thing is that they can be partially aligned, fully aligned or misaligned by rotating the ball 314, providing maximum, partial and no flow through the inlet 306, and thus through the nozzle 318. In certain embodiments, the elevation of the nozzle 318 and the position of the inlet 306 are designed together to provide the desired flow irrigation density over all ranges.
Where the width of the conduit 304 is larger than that of the inlet 306 of the regulator 310 such as drawn in
Furthermore, a screw notch 311 may be provided in the end of the lever 312, enabling the regulator 310 to be rotated with respect to the base for adjusting the position and orientation of both the inlet 306 to the ball 314 and the nozzle 318 with respect to the direction of the slot 319.
Referring back to
With reference to
Thus with reference to
In certain embodiments, each ball 314 of each ball and socket regulator 310 sits in a socket 302 and is held in position between the gasket 308 of sockets 302 and the lid 330 with slots 319 therethrough, by a screw 340 that passes through the lid 330 and gasket 308 and which engages the base 320 and in some embodiments regulates the water pressure and flow into the base 320 and thus the maximum range of the sprinkler head 350. To prevent the levers 312 being inadvertently moved, a cap (not shown) may be over the lid 330 to cover the levers 312.
Once again, the sprinkler head 350 may be provided with a screw thread 305 for attachment to the stem of a sprinkler unit, which may be a female inner thread, for attachment to a corresponding male thread on the stem of the sprinkler, typically a riser of a pop up sprinkler, or could be a male thread for screwing into a riser having a female thread.
Other variations are possible. For example, in an alternative embodiment (not shown), the balls 314 of the ball regulators may be positioned within the base 320, and held against an upper gasket for sealing purposes, where apertures are provided around the base, opposite the nozzles of the regulators, allowing water flow therethrough, and further apertures are provided for the levers.
Generally, with the lever 312 in the upward position, the inlet 306 is fully aligned with the conduit 304 and the nozzle 318 is fully open, and the pipe is directed at an upwards angle to direct water from the orifice 318 of the regulator ball 314 in the trajectory providing the maximum range.
As the lever 312 is depressed, the ball 314 of the ball and socket regulator 310 is rotated such that the nozzle 318 is directed to a lower trajectory for irrigating ground that is closer to the sprinkler, at less than the maximum range.
In general, whilst providing water to the inlet 306 at the base of the ball 314 of the ball and socket regulator 310, the vertical trajectory of the nozzle 318 may be varied over a wide range, such as from a maximum of 60° above the horizontal, to a minimum of perhaps 15° below the horizontal, for example.
Eventually, the ball 314 may be rotated with respect to the conduit 304 sufficiently to partially close the ball regulator 310 by misaligning the inlet 306 from the conduit 304, reducing the water flow therethrough, and if rotated by depressing the lever 312 to a sufficiently low angle, fully closes the water flow to nozzle 318 by the inlet 306 becoming completely detached from the conduit 304 with the O ring 306 preventing leakage from the conduit 304 to the inlet 306.
Usefully, the end of the lever 312 may be provided with a slot 311 for a screw driver, enabling the ball 314 of the regulator 310 to be rotated sideways or tilted to steer irrigation water sprinkled therethrough away from pathways and onto the lawn, for example.
In the embodiment shown, each ball regulator 310 has a single nozzle 318 with a single orifice, however this general ball and socket regulator embodiment is capable of various adaptations. For example, the number of regulators and the type of nozzle can vary. The nozzle may be provided with more than one orifice on the surface of the ball, or two or more nozzles could be provided within the same ball regulator. In some embodiments, a deflector may be provided that extends from the ball 314 above the orifice. In some embodiments, the nozzle 318 may generally end in an orifice having a reversed triangle shape, or in an array of orifices that together provide a generally triangular shape.
It will be noted, that in some embodiments a deflector may be provided that protrudes from the ball above the nozzle, and the position of the inlet 306 and nozzle 318 may be moved by swiveling the deflector about the ball 314, and so the deflector serves as the lever and there is no need for a separate external lever 312.
By virtue of being able to control the flow of water in each direction, embodiments of the invention enable irrigation of the ground around a sprinkler having a sprinkler head of the invention to different distances in each direction, and the spray pattern of the sprinkler head can be better tailored to lawns of irregular shapes.
Thus an irregularly shaped lawn, such as 401 shown in
Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and includes both combinations and sub combinations of the various features described hereinabove as well as variations and modifications thereof, which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description.
In the claims, the word “comprise”, and variations thereof such as “comprises”, “comprising” and the like indicate that the components listed are included, but not generally to the exclusion of other components.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/IB2020/057453 | 8/6/2020 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62923833 | Oct 2019 | US |