Isolated polypeptides and polynucleotides useful for increasing nitrogen use efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, yield and biomass in plants

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 11453887
  • Patent Number
    11,453,887
  • Date Filed
    Monday, September 21, 2020
    4 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, September 27, 2022
    2 years ago
Abstract
Provided are methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant by expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2560, 2557, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2562 or 2563. Also provided are isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides which can be used to increase nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant of a plant.
Description
SEQUENCE LISTING STATEMENT

The ASCII file, entitled 84051SequenceListing.txt, created on Sep. 16, 2020, comprising 5,350,431 bytes, submitted concurrently with the filing of this application is incorporated herein by reference.


FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to isolated polypeptides and polynucleotides, nucleic acid constructs comprising same, transgenic plants expressing same and methods of using same for increasing nitrogen use efficiency, yield, biomass, vigor, growth rate, oil content, fertilizer use efficiency, water use efficiency and abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.


A common approach to promote plant growth has been, and continues to be, the use of natural as well as synthetic nutrients (fertilizers). Thus, fertilizers are the fuel behind the “green revolution”, directly responsible for the exceptional increase in crop yields during the last 40 years, and are considered the number one overhead expense in agriculture. Of the three macronutrients provided as main fertilizers [Nitrogen (N), Phosphate (P) and Potassium (K)], nitrogen is the only one that usually needs to be replenished every year, particularly for cereals, which comprise more than half of the cultivated areas worldwide. For example, inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, or urea, typically accounts for 40% of the costs associated with crops such as corn and wheat.


Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for the plant, responsible for biosynthesis of amino and nucleic acids, prosthetic groups, plant hormones, plant chemical defenses, etc. In addition, nitrogen is often the rate-limiting element in plant growth and all field crops have a fundamental dependence on inorganic nitrogen. Thus, nitrogen is translocated to the shoot, where it is stored in the leaves and stalk during the rapid step of plant development and up until flowering. In corn for example, plants accumulate the bulk of their organic nitrogen during the period of grain germination, and until flowering. Once fertilization of the plant has occurred, grains begin to form and become the main sink of plant nitrogen. The stored nitrogen can be then redistributed from the leaves and stalk that served as storage compartments until grain formation.


Since fertilizer is rapidly depleted from most soil types, it must be supplied to growing crops two or three times during the growing season. In addition, the low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the main crops (e.g., in the range of only 30-70%) negatively affects the input expenses for the farmer, due to the excess fertilizer applied. Moreover, the over and inefficient use of fertilizers are major factors responsible for environmental problems such as eutrophication of groundwater, lakes, rivers and seas, nitrate pollution in drinking water which can cause methemoglobinemia, phosphate pollution, atmospheric pollution and the like. However, in spite of the negative impact of fertilizers on the environment, and the limits on fertilizer use, which have been legislated in several countries, the use of fertilizers is expected to increase in order support food and fiber production for rapid population growth on limited land resources. For example, it has been estimated that by 2050, more than 150 million tons of nitrogenous fertilizer will be used worldwide annually.


Increased use efficiency of nitrogen by plants should enable crops to be cultivated with lower fertilizer input, or alternatively to be cultivated on soils of poorer quality and would therefore have significant economic impact in both developed and developing agricultural systems.


Genetic improvement of fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) in plants can be generated either via traditional breeding or via genetic engineering.


Attempts to generate plants with increased FUE have been described in U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 20020046419 to Choo, et al.; U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 2005010879 to Edgerton et al.; U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 20060179511 to Chomet et al.; Good, A, et al. 2007 (Engineering nitrogen use efficiency with alanine aminotransferase. Canadian Journal of Botany 85: 252-262); and Good A G et al. 2004 (Trends Plant Sci. 9:597-605).


Yanagisawa et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004 101:7833-8) describe Dof1 transgenic plants which exhibit improved growth under low-nitrogen conditions.


U.S. Pat. No. 6,084,153 to Good et al. discloses the use of a stress responsive promoter to control the expression of Alanine Amine Transferase (AlaAT) and transgenic canola plants with improved drought and nitrogen deficiency tolerance when compared to control plants.


The global shortage of water supply, desertification, abiotic stress (ABS) conditions (e.g., drought, salinity, osmoticum, flood, suboptimal temperatures such as cold and heat, toxic chemical pollution, radiation, nutrient deficiencies, and the like) together with the presence of limited nitrogen and fertilizer sources cause substantial damage to agricultural plants such as major alterations in the plant metabolism, cell death, and decreases in plant growth and crop productivity.


Drought is a gradual phenomenon, which involves periods of abnormally dry weather that persists long enough to produce serious hydrologic imbalances such as crop damage, water supply shortage and increased susceptibility to various diseases.


Salinity affects one in five hectares of irrigated land. None of the top five food crops, i.e., wheat, corn, rice, potatoes, and soybean, can tolerate excessive salt. Detrimental effects of salt on plants result from both water deficit, which leads to osmotic stress (similar to drought stress), and the effect of excess sodium ions on critical biochemical processes. As with freezing and drought, high salt causes water deficit; and the presence of high salt makes it difficult for plant roots to extract water from their environment. Thus, salination of soils that are used for agricultural production is a significant and increasing problem in regions that rely heavily on agriculture, and is worsen by over-utilization, over-fertilization and water shortage, typically caused by climatic change and the demands of increasing population.


Extreme temperatures such as suboptimal or heat temperatures affect plant growth and development through the whole plant life cycle. Thus, low temperatures reduce germination rate and high temperatures result in leaf necrosis. In addition, mature plants that are exposed to excess of heat may experience heat shock, which may arise in various organs, including leaves and particularly fruit, when transpiration is insufficient to overcome heat stress. Heat also damages cellular structures, including organelles and cytoskeleton, and impairs membrane function. Heat shock may produce a decrease in overall protein synthesis, accompanied by expression of heat shock proteins, e.g., chaperones, which are involved in refolding proteins denatured by heat. High-temperature damage to pollen almost always occurs in conjunction with drought stress, and rarely occurs under well-watered conditions. Combined stress can alter plant metabolism in novel ways. Excessive chilling conditions, e.g., low, but above freezing, temperatures affect crops of tropical origins, such as soybean, rice, maize, and cotton. Typical chilling damage includes wilting, necrosis, chlorosis or leakage of ions from cell membranes. Excessive light conditions, which occur under clear atmospheric conditions subsequent to cold late summer/autumn nights, can lead to photoinhibition of photosynthesis (disruption of photosynthesis). In addition, chilling may lead to yield losses and lower product quality through the delayed ripening of maize.


Nutrient deficiencies cause adaptations of the root architecture, particularly notably for example is the root proliferation within nutrient rich patches to increase nutrient uptake. Nutrient deficiencies cause also the activation of plant metabolic pathways which maximize the absorption, assimilation and distribution processes such as by activating architectural changes. Engineering the expression of the triggered genes may cause the plant to exhibit the architectural changes and enhanced metabolism also under other conditions.


In addition, it is widely known that the plants usually respond to water deficiency by creating a deeper root system that allows access to moisture located in deeper soil layers. Triggering this effect will allow the plants to access nutrients and water located in deeper soil horizons particularly those readily dissolved in water like nitrates.


Yield is affected by various factors, such as, the number and size of the plant organs, plant architecture (for example, the number of branches), grains set length, number of filled grains, vigor (e.g. seedling), growth rate, root development, utilization of water, nutrients (e.g., nitrogen) and fertilizers, and stress tolerance.


Crops such as, corn, rice, wheat, canola and soybean account for over half of total human caloric intake, whether through direct consumption of the seeds themselves or through consumption of meat products raised on processed seeds or forage. Seeds are also a source of sugars, proteins and oils and metabolites used in industrial processes. The ability to increase plant yield, whether through increase dry matter accumulation rate, modifying cellulose or lignin composition, increase stalk strength, enlarge meristem size, change of plant branching pattern, erectness of leaves, increase in fertilization efficiency, enhanced seed dry matter accumulation rate, modification of seed development, enhanced seed filling or by increasing the content of oil, starch or protein in the seeds would have many applications in agricultural and non-agricultural uses such as in the biotechnological production of pharmaceuticals, antibodies or vaccines.


WO publication No. 2009/013750 discloses genes, constructs and methods of increasing abiotic stress tolerance, biomass and/or yield in plants generated thereby.


WO publication No. 2008/122980 discloses genes constructs and methods for increasing oil content, growth rate and biomass of plants.


WO publication No. 2008/075364 discloses polynucleotides involved in plant fiber development and methods of using same.


WO publication No. 2007/049275 discloses isolated polypeptides, polynucleotides encoding same, transgenic plants expressing same and methods of using same for increasing fertilizer use efficiency, plant abiotic stress tolerance and biomass.


WO publication No. 2004/104162 discloses methods of increasing abiotic stress tolerance and/or biomass in plants and plants generated thereby.


WO publication No. 2005/121364 discloses polynucleotides and polypeptides involved in plant fiber development and methods of using same for improving fiber quality, yield and/or biomass of a fiber producing plant.


WO publication No. 2007/020638 discloses methods of increasing abiotic stress tolerance and/or biomass in plants and plants generated thereby.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2521 or 2522, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 20, 61, 62, 129, 288, 294, 307, 363, 667, 668, 669, 670, 672, 2398-2413, 2456 and 2457, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2562 or 2563, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563, 138-143, 146, 148, 150-152, 157, 162, 198, 265, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1426-1428, 1458, 1460, 1732-1734, 1737-1738, 2523-2532, 2542 and 2543, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and/or oil content of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 288, 294, 2398-2412 or 2413, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, and/or oil content of the plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and/or oil content of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 288, 294, 2398-2413, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and/or oil content of the plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and/or oil content of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 138-153, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1458, 1460, 2523-2531 or 2532, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and/or oil content of the plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and/or oil content of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 138-153, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1458, 1460, 2523-2532, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and/or oil content of the plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2521 or 2522, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is capable of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress of a plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polynucleotide comprising the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 20, 61, 62, 129, 288, 294, 307, 363, 667, 668, 669, 670, 672, 2398-2413, 2456 and 2457.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence at least 80% homologous to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2562 or 2563, wherein the amino acid sequence is capable of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563, 138-143, 146, 148, 150-152, 157, 162, 198, 265, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1426-1428, 1458, 1460, 1732-1734, 1737-1738, 2523-2532, 2542 and 2543.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a nucleic acid construct comprising the isolated polynucleotide of the invention, and a promoter for directing transcription of the nucleic acid sequence in a host cell.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 80% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2562 or 2563, wherein the amino acid sequence is capable of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563, 138-143, 146, 148, 150-152, 157, 162, 198, 265, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1426-1428, 1458, 1460, 1732-1734, 1737-1738, 2523-2532, 2542 and 2543.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a plant cell exogenously expressing the polynucleotide of the invention, or the nucleic acid construct of the invention.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a plant cell exogenously expressing the polypeptide of the invention.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2521 or 2522.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the polynucleotide consists of the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence encodes an amino acid sequence at least 80% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2562 or 2563.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence encodes the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 288, 294, 2398-2412 or 2413.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the polynucleotide consists of the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 288, 294, 2398-2413.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence encodes an amino acid sequence at least 80% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 138-153, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1458, 1460, 2523-2531 or 2532.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence encodes the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 138-153, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1458, 1460, 2523-2532.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant cell forms part of a plant.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprising growing the plant expressing the exogenous polynucleotide under the abiotic stress.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the abiotic stress is selected from the group consisting of salinity, drought, water deprivation, flood, etiolation, low temperature, high temperature, heavy metal toxicity, anaerobiosis, nutrient deficiency, nutrient excess, atmospheric pollution and UV irradiation.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the yield comprises seed yield or oil yield.


Unless otherwise defined, all technical and/or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplary methods and/or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments of the invention are herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of embodiments of the invention. In this regard, the description taken with the drawings makes apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the invention may be practiced.


In the drawings:



FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the pGI binary plasmid used for expressing the isolated polynucleotide sequences of some embodiments of the invention. RB—T-DNA right border; LB—T-DNA left border; H— HindIII restriction enzyme; X—XbaI restriction enzyme; B—BamHI restriction enzyme; S—SalI restriction enzyme; Sm—SmaI restriction enzyme; R-I—EcoRI restriction enzyme; Sc—SacI/SstI/Ecl136II; (numbers)—Length in base-pairs; NOS pro=nopaline synthase promoter; NPT-II=neomycin phosphotransferase gene; NOS ter=nopaline synthase terminator; Poly-A signal (polyadenylation signal); GUSintron—the GUS reporter gene (coding sequence and intron) The isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention were cloned into the vector while replacing the GUSintron reporter gene



FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the modified pGI binary plasmid used for expressing the isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention. RB—T-DNA right border; LB—T-DNA left border; MCS—Multiple cloning site; RE—any restriction enzyme; (numbers)—Length in base-pairs; NOS pro=nopaline synthase promoter; NPT-II=neomycin phosphotransferase gene; NOS ter=nopaline synthase terminator; Poly-A signal (polyadenylation signal); GUSintron—the GUS reporter gene (coding sequence and intron) The isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention were cloned into the vector while replacing the GUSintron reporter gene.



FIGS. 3A-3B are images depicting visualization of root development of plants grown in transparent agar plates. The different transgenes were grown in transparent agar plates for 10 days and the plates were photographed every 3-4 days starting at day 1. FIG. 3A—An image of a photograph of plants taken following 10 days on agar plates. FIG. 3B—An image of root analysis in which the length of the root measured is represented by a red arrow.





DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, expression vectors comprising same and transgenic plants expressing same and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, yield, biomass, vigor, growth rate, oil content and abiotic stress tolerance of a plant using same.


Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in its application to the details set forth in the following description or exemplified by the Examples. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways.


While reducing the present invention to practice, the present inventors have identified novel polypeptides and polynucleotides which can be used to increase nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, water use efficiency, yield, growth rate, biomass, oil content, vigor and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.


Thus, as shown in the Examples section which follows, the present inventors have utilized bioinformatics tools to generate digital expression profiles of gene clusters which expression level is associated with various conditions and stresses such as nutrient deficiency, cold, salinity, drought, heat stress, etiolation, waterlogging and oxidative stress (Tables 1-19; Example 1 of the Examples section which follows), and based on the expression profiles have identified genes which are expected to enhance nitrogen use efficiency, biomass, growth rate, yield, vigor, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant (Table 20; polynucleotide SEQ ID NOs:1-137; polypeptides SEQ ID NOs:138-269; Example 1 of the Examples section which follows). Homologous polypeptides and polynucleotides having the same function were also identified (Table 21, polynucleotide SEQ ID NOs:270-1333; polypeptide SEQ ID NOs:1334-2397; Example 2 of the Examples section which follows). To test the effect of the isolated genes on the trait-of-interest, the polynucleotides were cloned into binary vectors (Table 23, polynucleotide SEQ ID NOs: 2398-2522; Example 3 of the Examples section which follows) and the predicted proteins were identified (Table 23, Example 3). Transgenic plants over-expressing the identified polynucleotides were found to exhibit increased nitrogen use efficiency, yield, biomass, photosynthetic areas and growth rate (Tables 24-521 Examples 5, 6 and 7 of the Examples section which follows), as well as increased abiotic stress tolerance (e.g., under salinity stress; Tables 53-55, Example 8 of the Examples section which follows). Altogether, these results suggest the use of the novel polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention and homologous sequences thereof for increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield (including oil yield, seed yield and oil content), growth rate, biomass, vigor and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.


Thus, according to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided method of increasing fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2521 or 2522, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, water use efficiency and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.


As used herein the phrase “fertilizer use efficiency” refers to the metabolic process(es) which lead to an increase in the plant's yield, biomass, vigor, and growth rate per fertilizer unit applied. The metabolic process can be the uptake, spread, absorbent, accumulation, relocation (within the plant) and use of one or more of the minerals and organic moieties absorbed by the plant, such as nitrogen, phosphates and/or potassium.


As used herein the phrase “fertilizer-limiting conditions” refers to growth conditions which include a level (e.g., concentration) of a fertilizer applied which is below the level needed for normal plant metabolism, growth, reproduction and/or viability.


As used herein the phrase “nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)” refers to the metabolic process(es) which lead to an increase in the plant's yield, biomass, vigor, and growth rate per nitrogen unit applied. The metabolic process can be the uptake, spread, absorbent, accumulation, relocation (within the plant) and use of nitrogen absorbed by the plant.


As used herein the phrase “nitrogen-limiting conditions” refers to growth conditions which include a level (e.g., concentration) of nitrogen (e.g., ammonium or nitrate) applied which is below the level needed for normal plant metabolism, growth, reproduction and/or viability.


Improved plant NUE and FUE is translated in the field into either harvesting similar quantities of yield, while implementing less fertilizers, or increased yields gained by implementing the same levels of fertilizers. Thus, improved NUE or FUE has a direct effect on plant yield in the field. Thus, the polynucleotides and polypeptides of some embodiments of the invention positively affect plant yield, seed yield, and plant biomass. In addition, the benefit of improved plant NUE will certainly improve crop quality and biochemical constituents of the seed such as protein yield and oil yield.


As used herein the phrase “plant yield” refers to the amount (as determined by weight or size) or quantity (numbers) of tissue produced per plant or per growing season. Hence increased yield could affect the economic benefit one can obtain from the plant in a certain growing area and/or growing time.


It should be noted that a plant yield can be affected by various parameters including, but not limited to, plant biomass; plant vigor; growth rate; seed yield; seed or grain quantity; seed or grain quality; oil yield; content of oil, starch and/or protein in harvested organs (e.g., seeds or vegetative parts of the plant); number of flowers (florets) per panicle (expressed as a ratio of number of filled seeds over number of primary panicles); harvest index; number of plants grown per area; number and size of harvested organs per plant and per area; number of plants per growing area (density); number of harvested organs in field; total leaf area; carbon assimilation and carbon partitioning (the distribution/allocation of carbon within the plant); resistance to shade; number of harvestable organs (e.g. seeds), seeds per pod, weight per seed; and modified architecture [such as increase stalk diameter, thickness or improvement of physical properties (e.g. elasticity)].


As used herein the phrase “plant biomass” refers to the amount (measured in grams of air-dry tissue) of a tissue produced from the plant in a growing season, which could also determine or affect the plant yield or the yield per growing area. An increase in plant biomass can be in the whole plant or in parts thereof such as aboveground (harvestable) parts, vegetative biomass, roots and seeds.


As used herein the phrase “growth rate” refers to the increase in plant organ size or mass per time (can be measured in cm2 per day, day or as the regression coefficient of along time course).


As used herein the phrase “plant vigor” refers to the amount (measured by weight) of tissue produced by the plant in a given time. Hence increased vigor could determine or affect the plant yield or the yield per growing time or growing area. In addition, early vigor (seed and/or seedling) result with improved field stand.


As used herein the phrase “seed yield” refers to the number or weight of the seeds per plant, seeds per pod, or per growing area or to the weight of a single seed, or to the oil extracted per seed. Hence seed yield can be affected by seed dimensions (e.g., length, width, perimeter, area and/or volume), number of (filled) seeds and seed filling rate and by seed oil content. Hence increase seed yield per plant could affect the economic benefit one can obtain from the plant in a certain growing area and/or growing time; and increase seed yield per growing area could be achieved by increasing seed yield per plant, and/or by increasing number of plants grown on the same given area.


The term “seed” (also referred to as “grain” or “kernel”) as used herein refers to a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat (usually with some stored food), the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant.


The phrase “oil content” as used herein refers to the amount of lipids in a given plant organ, either the seeds (seed oil content) or the vegetative portion of the plant (vegetative oil content) and is typically expressed as percentage of dry weight (10% humidity of seeds) or wet weight (for vegetative portion).


It should be noted that oil content is affected by intrinsic oil production of a tissue (e.g., seed, vegetative portion), as well as the mass or size of the oil-producing tissue per plant or per growth period.


In one embodiment, increase in oil content of the plant can be achieved by increasing the size/mass of a plant's tissue(s) which comprise oil per growth period. Thus, increased oil content of a plant can be achieved by increasing the yield, growth rate, biomass and vigor of the plant.


It should be noted that a plant yield can be determined under stress (e.g., abiotic stress, nitrogen-limiting conditions) or non-stress (normal) conditions.


As used herein, the phrase “non-stress conditions” refers to the growth conditions (e.g., water, temperature, light-dark cycles, humidity, salt concentration, fertilizer concentration in soil, nutrient supply such as nitrogen, phosphorous and/or potassium), which enable normal metabolism, growth, reproduction and/or viability of a plant at any stage in its life cycle (from seed to mature plant and back to seed again). It should be noted that while the non-stress conditions may include some mild variations from the optimal conditions (which vary from one type/species of a plant to another), such variations do not cause the plant to cease growing without the capacity to resume growth.


The phrase “abiotic stress” as used herein refers to any adverse effect on metabolism, growth, reproduction and/or viability of a plant. Accordingly, abiotic stress can be induced by suboptimal environmental growth conditions such as, for example, salinity, water deprivation, flooding, freezing, low or high temperature, heavy metal toxicity, anaerobiosis, nutrient deficiency, atmospheric pollution or UV irradiation. The implications of abiotic stress are discussed in the Background section.


The phrase “abiotic stress tolerance” as used herein refers to the ability of a plant to endure an abiotic stress without suffering a substantial alteration in metabolism, growth, productivity and/or viability.


As used herein the phrase “water use efficiency (WUE)” refers to the level of organic matter produced per unit of water consumed by the plant, i.e., the dry weight of a plant in relation to the plant's water use, e.g., the biomass produced per unit transpiration.


As used herein the term “increasing” refers to at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, increase in nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, water use efficiency and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant as compared to a native plant 8 i.e., a plant not modified with the biomolecules (polynucleotide or polypeptides) of the invention, e.g., a non-transformed plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions).


As used herein, the phrase “exogenous polynucleotide” refers to a heterologous nucleic acid sequence which may not be naturally expressed within the plant or which overexpression in the plant is desired. The exogenous polynucleotide may be introduced into the plant in a stable or transient manner, so as to produce a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule and/or a polypeptide molecule. It should be noted that the exogenous polynucleotide may comprise a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or partially homologous to an endogenous nucleic acid sequence of the plant.


According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide comprises a nucleic acid sequence which is at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522.


Identity (e.g., percent homology) can be determined using any homology comparison software, including for example, the BlastN software of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) such as by using default parameters.


According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522.


According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2521 or 2522.


As used herein the term “polynucleotide” refers to a single or double stranded nucleic acid sequence which is isolated and provided in the form of an RNA sequence, a complementary polynucleotide sequence (cDNA), a genomic polynucleotide sequence and/or a composite polynucleotide sequences (e.g., a combination of the above).


The term “isolated” refers to at least partially separated from the natural environment e.g., from a plant cell.


As used herein the phrase “complementary polynucleotide sequence” refers to a sequence, which results from reverse transcription of messenger RNA using a reverse transcriptase or any other RNA dependent DNA polymerase. Such a sequence can be subsequently amplified in vivo or in vitro using a DNA dependent DNA polymerase.


As used herein the phrase “genomic polynucleotide sequence” refers to a sequence derived (isolated) from a chromosome and thus it represents a contiguous portion of a chromosome.


As used herein the phrase “composite polynucleotide sequence” refers to a sequence, which is at least partially complementary and at least partially genomic. A composite sequence can include some exonal sequences required to encode the polypeptide of the present invention, as well as some intronic sequences interposing therebetween. The intronic sequences can be of any source, including of other genes, and typically will include conserved splicing signal sequences. Such intronic sequences may further include cis acting expression regulatory elements.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide of the invention encodes a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563.


Homology (e.g., percent homology) can be determined using any homology comparison software, including for example, the BlastP or TBLASTN software of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) such as by using default parameters, when starting from a polypeptide sequence; or the tBLASTX algorithm (available via the NCBI) such as by using default parameters, which compares the six-frame conceptual translation products of a nucleotide query sequence (both strands) against a protein sequence database.


Homologous sequences include both orthologous and paralogous sequences. The term “paralogous” relates to gene-duplications within the genome of a species leading to paralogous genes. The term “orthologous” relates to homologous genes in different organisms due to ancestral relationship.


One option to identify orthologues in monocot plant species is by performing a reciprocal blast search. This may be done by a first blast involving blasting the sequence-of-interest against any sequence database, such as the publicly available NCBI database which may be found at: Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov. If orthologues in rice were sought, the sequence-of-interest would be blasted against, for example, the 28,469 full-length cDNA clones from Oryza sativa Nipponbare available at NCBI. The blast results may be filtered. The full-length sequences of either the filtered results or the non-filtered results are then blasted back (second blast) against the sequences of the organism from which the sequence-of-interest is derived. The results of the first and second blasts are then compared. An orthologue is identified when the sequence resulting in the highest score (best hit) in the first blast identifies in the second blast the query sequence (the original sequence-of-interest) as the best hit. Using the same rational a paralogue (homolog to a gene in the same organism) is found. In case of large sequence families, the ClustalW program may be used [Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) ebi (dot) ac (dot) uk/Tools/clustalw2/index (dot) html], followed by a neighbor-joining tree (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://en (dot) wikipedia (dot) org/wiki/Neighbor-joining) which helps visualizing the clustering.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2562 or 2563.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant. The method is effected by expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide. comprising the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 20, 61, 62, 129, 288, 294, 307, 363, 667, 668, 669, 670, 672, 2398-2413, 2456 and 2457, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.


According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 20, 61, 62, 129, 288, 294, 307, 363, 667, 668, 669, 670, 672, 2398-2413, 2456 or 2457.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide of the invention encodes a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563, 138-143, 146, 148, 150-152, 157, 162, 198, 265, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1426-1428, 1458, 1460, 1732-1734, 1737-1738, 2523-2532, 2542 and 2543, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.


According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention there is provided a method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and/or oil content of a plant. The method is effected by expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 288, 294, 2398-2412 or 2413, thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, and/or oil content of the plant.


According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide comprises a nucleic acid sequence which is at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 288, 294, 2398-2413.


According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 288, 294, 2398-2413.


According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 288, 294, 2398-2412 or 2413.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide of the invention encodes a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 138-153, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1458, 1460, 2523-2532.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 138-153, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1458, 1460, 2523-2531 or 2532.


Nucleic acid sequences encoding the polypeptides of the present invention may be optimized for expression. Non-limiting examples of optimized nucleic acid sequences are provided in SEQ ID NOs: 2415, 2420, 2428, 2430, 2431, 2436, 2437, 2441, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2451, 2456, 2468, 2471, 2478, 2481, 2484, 2520 and 2522 (Table 23). Examples of such sequence modifications include, but are not limited to, an altered G/C content to more closely approach that typically found in the plant species of interest, and the removal of codons atypically found in the plant species commonly referred to as codon optimization.


The phrase “codon optimization” refers to the selection of appropriate DNA nucleotides for use within a structural gene or fragment thereof that approaches codon usage within the plant of interest. Therefore, an optimized gene or nucleic acid sequence refers to a gene in which the nucleotide sequence of a native or naturally occurring gene has been modified in order to utilize statistically-preferred or statistically-favored codons within the plant. The nucleotide sequence typically is examined at the DNA level and the coding region optimized for expression in the plant species determined using any suitable procedure, for example as described in Sardana et al. (1996, Plant Cell Reports 15:677-681). In this method, the standard deviation of codon usage, a measure of codon usage bias, may be calculated by first finding the squared proportional deviation of usage of each codon of the native gene relative to that of highly expressed plant genes, followed by a calculation of the average squared deviation. The formula used is: 1 SDCU=n=1 N [(Xn−Yn)/Yn] 2/N, where Xn refers to the frequency of usage of codon n in highly expressed plant genes, where Yn to the frequency of usage of codon n in the gene of interest and N refers to the total number of codons in the gene of interest. A Table of codon usage from highly expressed genes of dicotyledonous plants is compiled using the data of Murray et al. (1989, Nuc Acids Res. 17:477-498).


One method of optimizing the nucleic acid sequence in accordance with the preferred codon usage for a particular plant cell type is based on the direct use, without performing any extra statistical calculations, of codon optimization Tables such as those provided on-line at the Codon Usage Database through the NIAS (National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences) DNA bank in Japan (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) kazusa (dot) or (dot) jp/codon/). The Codon Usage Database contains codon usage tables for a number of different species, with each codon usage Table having been statistically determined based on the data present in Genbank.


By using the above Tables to determine the most preferred or most favored codons for each amino acid in a particular species (for example, rice), a naturally-occurring nucleotide sequence encoding a protein of interest can be codon optimized for that particular plant species. This is effected by replacing codons that may have a low statistical incidence in the particular species genome with corresponding codons, in regard to an amino acid, that are statistically more favored. However, one or more less-favored codons may be selected to delete existing restriction sites, to create new ones at potentially useful junctions (5′ and 3′ ends to add signal peptide or termination cassettes, internal sites that might be used to cut and splice segments together to produce a correct full-length sequence), or to eliminate nucleotide sequences that may negatively effect mRNA stability or expression.


The naturally-occurring encoding nucleotide sequence may already, in advance of any modification, contain a number of codons that correspond to a statistically-favored codon in a particular plant species. Therefore, codon optimization of the native nucleotide sequence may comprise determining which codons, within the native nucleotide sequence, are not statistically-favored with regards to a particular plant, and modifying these codons in accordance with a codon usage table of the particular plant to produce a codon optimized derivative. A modified nucleotide sequence may be fully or partially optimized for plant codon usage provided that the protein encoded by the modified nucleotide sequence is produced at a level higher than the protein encoded by the corresponding naturally occurring or native gene. Construction of synthetic genes by altering the codon usage is described in for example PCT Patent Application 93/07278.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide is a non-coding RNA.


As used herein the phrase ‘non-coding RNA” refers to an RNA molecule which does not encode an amino acid sequence (a polypeptide). Examples of such non-coding RNA molecules include, but are not limited to, an antisense RNA, a pre-miRNA (precursor of a microRNA), or a precursor of a Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA).


According to a specific embodiment the non-coding polynucleotide comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64 or 2459 (NUE512).


Thus, the invention encompasses nucleic acid sequences described hereinabove; fragments thereof, sequences hybridizable therewith, sequences homologous thereto, sequences encoding similar polypeptides with different codon usage, altered sequences characterized by mutations, such as deletion, insertion or substitution of one or more nucleotides, either naturally occurring or man induced, either randomly or in a targeted fashion.


The invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522.


According to some embodiments of the invention the nucleic acid sequence is capable of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency of a plant.


According to some embodiments of the invention the isolated polynucleotide comprising the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 20, 61, 62, 129, 288, 294, 307, 363, 667, 668, 669, 670, 672, 2398-2413, 2456 and 2457.


According to some embodiments of the invention the isolated polynucleotide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 2506, 2512, 2442, 2496, 2446, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16-19, 21-60, 63-128, 130-137, 270-287, 289-293, 295-306, 308-362, 364-666, 671, 673-1333, 2414-2441, 2443-2445, 2447-2455, 2458-2495, 2497-2505, 2507-2511, 2513-2522, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 20, 61, 62, 129, 288, 294, 307, 363, 667, 668, 669, 670, 672, 2398-2413, 2456 or 2457.


The invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563.


According to some embodiments of the invention the amino acid sequence is capable of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency of a plant.


The invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563, 138-143, 146, 148, 150-152, 157, 162, 198, 265, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1426-1428, 1458, 1460, 1732-1734, 1737-1738, 2523-2532, 2542 and 2543.


The invention provides an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563, 138-143, 146, 148, 150-152, 157, 162, 198, 265, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1426-1428, 1458, 1460, 1732-1734, 1737-1738, 2523-2532, 2542 and 2543.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the polypeptide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 2557, 2560, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2563, 138-143, 146, 148, 150-152, 157, 162, 198, 265, 1334-1350, 1352-1364, 1426-1428, 1458, 1460, 1732-1734, 1737-1738, 2523-2532, 2542 or 2543.


The invention also encompasses fragments of the above described polypeptides and polypeptides having mutations, such as deletions, insertions or substitutions of one or more amino acids, either naturally occurring or man induced, either randomly or in a targeted fashion.


The term “plant” as used herein encompasses whole plants, ancestors and progeny of the plants and plant parts, including seeds, shoots, stems, roots (including tubers), and plant cells, tissues and organs. The plant may be in any form including suspension cultures, embryos, meristematic regions, callus tissue, leaves, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen, and microspores. Plants that are particularly useful in the methods of the invention include all plants which belong to the superfamily Viridiplantae, in particular monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants including a fodder or forage legume, ornamental plant, food crop, tree, or shrub selected from the list comprising Acacia spp., Acer spp., Actinidia spp., Aesculus spp., Agathis australis, Albizia amara, Alsophila tricolor, Andropogon spp., Arachis spp, Areca catechu, Astelia fragrans, Astragalus cicer, Baikiaea plurijuga, Betula spp., Brassica spp., Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Burkea africana, Butea frondosa, Cadaba farinosa, Calliandra spp, Camellia sinensis, Canna indica, Capsicum spp., Cassia spp., Centroema pubescens, Chacoomeles spp., Cinnamomum cassia, Coffea arabica, Colophospermum mopane, Coronillia varia, Cotoneaster serotina, Crataegus spp., Cucumis spp., Cupressus spp., Cyathea dealbata, Cydonia oblonga, Cryptomeria japonica, Cymbopogon spp., Cynthea dealbata, Cydonia oblonga, Dalbergia monetaria, Davallia divaricata, Desmodium spp., Dicksonia squarosa, Dibeteropogon amplectens, Dioclea spp, Dolichos spp., Dorycnium rectum, Echinochloa pyramidalis, Ehraffia spp., Eleusine coracana, Eragrestis spp., Erythrina spp., Eucalypfus spp., Euclea schimperi, Eulalia villosa, Pagopyrum spp., Feijoa sellowlana, Fragaria spp., Flemingia spp, Freycinetia banksli, Geranium thunbergii, GinAgo biloba, Glycine javanica, Gliricidia spp, Gossypium hirsutum, Grevillea spp., Guibourtia coleosperma, Hedysarum spp., Hemaffhia altissima, Heteropogon contoffus, Hordeum vulgare, Hyparrhenia rufa, Hypericum erectum, Hypeffhelia dissolute, Indigo incamata, Iris spp., Leptarrhena pyrolifolia, Lespediza spp., Lettuca spp., Leucaena leucocephala, Loudetia simplex, Lotonus bainesli, Lotus spp., Macrotyloma axillare, Malus spp., Manihot esculenta, Medicago saliva, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Musa sapientum, Nicotianum spp., Onobrychis spp., Ornithopus spp., Oryza spp., Peltophorum africanum, Pennisetum spp., Persea gratissima, Petunia spp., Phaseolus spp., Phoenix canariensis, Phormium cookianum, Photinia spp., Picea glauca, Pinus spp., Pisum sativam, Podocarpus totara, Pogonarthria fleckii, Pogonaffhria squarrosa, Populus spp., Prosopis cineraria, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pterolobium stellatum, Pyrus communis, Quercus spp., Rhaphiolepsis umbellata, Rhopalostylis sapida, Rhus natalensis, Ribes grossularia, Ribes spp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa spp., Rubus spp., Salix spp., Schyzachyrium sanguineum, Sciadopitys vefficillata, Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Sorghum bicolor, Spinacia spp., Sporobolus fimbriatus, Stiburus alopecuroides, Stylosanthos humilis, Tadehagi spp, Taxodium distichum, Themeda triandra, Trifolium spp., Triticum spp., Tsuga heterophylla, Vaccinium spp., Vicia spp., Vitis vinifera, Watsonia pyramidata, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Zea mays, amaranth, artichoke, asparagus, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, carrot, cauliflower, celery, collard greens, flax, kale, lentil, oilseed rape, okra, onion, potato, rice, soybean, straw, sugar beet, sugar cane, sunflower, tomato, squash tea, maize, wheat, barely, rye, oat, peanut, pea, lentil and alfalfa, cotton, rapeseed, canola, pepper, sunflower, tobacco, eggplant, eucalyptus, a tree, an ornamental plant, a perennial grass and a forage crop. Alternatively algae and other non-Viridiplantae can be used for the methods of the present invention.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant used by the method of the invention is a crop plant such as rice, maize, wheat, barley, peanut, potato, sesame, olive tree, palm oil, banana, soybean, sunflower, canola, sugarcane, alfalfa, millet, leguminosae (bean, pea), flax, lupinus, rapeseed, tobacco, poplar and cotton.


According to some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a plant cell exogenously expressing the polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention and/or the polypeptide of some embodiments of the invention.


According to some embodiments of the invention, expressing the exogenous polynucleotide of the invention within the plant is effected by transforming one or more cells of the plant with the exogenous polynucleotide, followed by generating a mature plant from the transformed cells and cultivating the mature plant under conditions suitable for expressing the exogenous polynucleotide within the mature plant.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the transformation is effected by introducing to the plant cell a nucleic acid construct which includes the exogenous polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention and at least one promoter for directing transcription of the exogenous polynucleotide in a host cell (a plant cell). Further details of suitable transformation approaches are provided hereinbelow.


According to some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a nucleic acid construct comprising the isolated polynucleotide of the invention, and a promoter for directing transcription of the nucleic acid sequence of the isolated polynucleotide in a host cell.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the isolated polynucleotide is operably linked to the promoter sequence.


A coding nucleic acid sequence is “operably linked” to a regulatory sequence (e.g., promoter) if the regulatory sequence is capable of exerting a regulatory effect on the coding sequence linked thereto.


As used herein, the term “promoter” refers to a region of DNA which lies upstream of the transcriptional initiation site of a gene to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription of RNA. The promoter controls where (e.g., which portion of a plant) and/or when (e.g., at which stage or condition in the lifetime of an organism) the gene is expressed.


Any suitable promoter sequence can be used by the nucleic acid construct of the present invention. Preferably the promoter is a constitutive promoter, a tissue-specific, or an abiotic stress-inducible promoter.


Suitable constitutive promoters include, for example, CaMV 35S promoter (SEQ ID NO: 3063; Odell et al., Nature 313:810-812, 1985); Arabidopsis At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO:3064; see PCT Publication No. WO04081173A2); maize Ubi 1 (Christensen et al., Plant Sol. Biol. 18:675-689, 1992); rice actin (McElroy et al., Plant Cell 2:163-171, 1990); pEMU (Last et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:581-588, 1991); CaMV 19S (Nilsson et al., Physiol. Plant 100:456-462, 1997); GOS2 (de Pater et al, Plant J November; 2(6):837-44, 1992); ubiquitin (Christensen et al, Plant Mol. Biol. 18: 675-689, 1992); Rice cyclophilin (Bucholz et al, Plant Mol Biol. 25(5):837-43, 1994); Maize H3 histone (Lepetit et al, Mol. Gen. Genet. 231: 276-285, 1992); Actin 2 (An et al, Plant J. 10(1); 107-121, 1996) and Synthetic Super MAS (Ni et al., The Plant Journal 7: 661-76, 1995). Other constitutive promoters include those in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,659,026, 5,608,149; 5,608,144; 5,604,121; 5,569,597: 5,466,785; 5,399,680; 5,268,463; and 5,608,142.


Suitable tissue-specific promoters include, but not limited to, leaf-specific promoters [such as described, for example, by Yamamoto et al., Plant J. 12:255-265, 1997; Kwon et al., Plant Physiol. 105:357-67, 1994; Yamamoto et al., Plant Cell Physiol. 35:773-778, 1994; Gotor et al., Plant J. 3:509-18, 1993; Orozco et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 23:1129-1138, 1993; and Matsuoka et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:9586-9590, 1993], seed-preferred promoters [e.g., from seed specific genes (Simon, et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 5. 191, 1985; Scofield, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262: 12202, 1987; Baszczynski, et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 14: 633, 1990), Brazil Nut albumin (Pearson' et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 18: 235-245, 1992), legumin (Ellis, et al. Plant Mol. Biol. 10: 203-214, 1988), Glutelin (rice) (Takaiwa, et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 208: 15-22, 1986; Takaiwa, et al., FEBS Letts. 221: 43-47, 1987), Zein (Matzke et al Plant Mol Biol, 143).323-32 1990), napA (Stalberg, et al, Planta 199: 515-519, 1996), Wheat SPA (Albani et al, Plant Cell, 9: 171-184, 1997), sunflower oleosin (Cummins, et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 19: 873-876, 1992)], endosperm specific promoters [e.g., wheat LMW and HMW, glutenin-1 (Mol Gen Genet 216:81-90, 1989; NAR 17:461-2), wheat a, b and g gliadins (EMBO3:1409-15, 1984), Barley ltr1 promoter, barley B1, C, D hordein (Theor Appl Gen 98:1253-62, 1999; Plant J 4:343-55, 1993; Mol Gen Genet 250:750-60, 1996), Barley DOF (Mena et al, The Plant Journal, 116(1): 53-62, 1998), Biz2 (EP99106056.7), Synthetic promoter (Vicente-Carbajosa et al., Plant J. 13: 629-640, 1998), rice prolamin NRP33, rice—globulin Glb-1 (Wu et al, Plant Cell Physiology 39(8) 885-889, 1998), rice alpha-globulin REB/OHP-1 (Nakase et al. Plant Mol. Biol. 33: 513-S22, 1997), rice ADP-glucose PP (Trans Res 6:157-68, 1997), maize ESR gene family (Plant J 12:235-46, 1997), sorgum gamma-kafirin (PMB 32:1029-35, 1996)], embryo specific promoters [e.g., rice OSH1 (Sato et al, Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA, 93: 8117-8122), KNOX (Postma-Haarsma ef al, Plant Mol. Biol. 39:257-71, 1999), rice oleosin (Wu et at, J. Biochem., 123:386, 1998)], and flower-specific promoters [e.g., AtPRP4, chalene synthase (chsA) (Van der Meer, et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 15, 95-109, 1990), LAT52 (Twell et al Mol. Gen Genet. 217:240-245; 1989), apetala-3].


Suitable abiotic stress-inducible promoters include, but not limited to, salt-inducible promoters such as RD29A (Yamaguchi-Shinozalei et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 236:331-340, 1993); drought-inducible promoters such as maize rab17 gene promoter (Pla et. al., Plant Mol. Biol. 21:259-266, 1993), maize rab28 gene promoter (Busk et. al., Plant J. 11:1285-1295, 1997) and maize Ivr2 gene promoter (Pelleschi et. al., Plant Mol. Biol. 39:373-380, 1999); heat-inducible promoters such as heat tomato hsp80-promoter from tomato (U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,267).


The nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention can further include an appropriate selectable marker and/or an origin of replication. According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid construct utilized is a shuttle vector, which can propagate both in E. coli (wherein the construct comprises an appropriate selectable marker and origin of replication) and be compatible with propagation in cells. The construct according to the present invention can be, for example, a plasmid, a bacmid, a phagemid, a cosmid, a phage, a virus or an artificial chromosome.


The nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention can be utilized to stably or transiently transform plant cells. In stable transformation, the exogenous polynucleotide is integrated into the plant genome and as such it represents a stable and inherited trait. In transient transformation, the exogenous polynucleotide is expressed by the cell transformed but it is not integrated into the genome and as such it represents a transient trait.


There are various methods of introducing foreign genes into both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants (Potrykus, I., Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol, Plant. Mol. Biol. (1991) 42:205-225; Shimamoto et al, Nature (1989) 338:274-276).


The principle methods of causing stable integration of exogenous DNA into plant genomic DNA include two main approaches:


(i) Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer: Klee et al. (1987) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 38:467-486; Klee and Rogers in Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Vol. 6, Molecular Biology of Plant Nuclear Genes, eds. Schell, J., and Vasil, L. K., Academic Publishers, San Diego, Calif. (1989) p. 2-25; Gatenby, in Plant Biotechnology, eds. Kung, S. and Arntzen, C. J., Butterworth Publishers, Boston, Mass. (1989) p. 93-112.


(ii) Direct DNA uptake: Paszkowski et al., in Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Vol. 6, Molecular Biology of Plant Nuclear Genes eds. Schell, J., and Vasil, L. K., Academic Publishers, San Diego, Calif. (1989) p. 52-68; including methods for direct uptake of DNA into protoplasts, Toriyama, K. et al. (1988) Bio/Technology 6:1072-1074. DNA uptake induced by brief electric shock of plant cells: Zhang et al. Plant Cell Rep. (1988) 7:379-384. Fromm et al. Nature (1986) 319:791-793. DNA injection into plant cells or tissues by particle bombardment, Klein et al. Bio/Technology (1988) 6:559-563; McCabe et al. Bio/Technology (1988) 6:923-926; Sanford, Physiol. Plant. (1990) 79:206-209; by the use of micropipette systems: Neuhaus et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. (1987) 75:30-36; Neuhaus and Spangenberg, Physiol. Plant. (1990) 79:213-217; glass fibers or silicon carbide whisker transformation of cell cultures, embryos or callus tissue, U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,765 or by the direct incubation of DNA with germinating pollen, DeWet et al. in Experimental Manipulation of Ovule Tissue, eds. Chapman, G. P. and Mantell, S. H. and Daniels, W. Longman, London, (1985) p. 197-209; and Ohta, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1986) 83:715-719.


The Agrobacterium system includes the use of plasmid vectors that contain defined DNA segments that integrate into the plant genomic DNA. Methods of inoculation of the plant tissue vary depending upon the plant species and the Agrobacterium delivery system. A widely used approach is the leaf disc procedure which can be performed with any tissue explant that provides a good source for initiation of whole plant differentiation. See, e.g., Horsch et al. in Plant Molecular Biology Manual A5, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1988) p. 1-9. A supplementary approach employs the Agrobacterium delivery system in combination with vacuum infiltration. The Agrobacterium system is especially viable in the creation of transgenic dicotyledonous plants.


There are various methods of direct DNA transfer into plant cells. In electroporation, the protoplasts are briefly exposed to a strong electric field. In microinjection, the DNA is mechanically injected directly into the cells using very small micropipettes. In microparticle bombardment, the DNA is adsorbed on microprojectiles such as magnesium sulfate crystals or tungsten particles, and the microprojectiles are physically accelerated into cells or plant tissues.


Following stable transformation plant propagation is exercised. The most common method of plant propagation is by seed. Regeneration by seed propagation, however, has the deficiency that due to heterozygosity there is a lack of uniformity in the crop, since seeds are produced by plants according to the genetic variances governed by Mendelian rules. Basically, each seed is genetically different and each will grow with its own specific traits. Therefore, it is preferred that the transformed plant be produced such that the regenerated plant has the identical traits and characteristics of the parent transgenic plant. Therefore, it is preferred that the transformed plant be regenerated by micropropagation which provides a rapid, consistent reproduction of the transformed plants.


Micropropagation is a process of growing new generation plants from a single piece of tissue that has been excised from a selected parent plant or cultivar. This process permits the mass reproduction of plants having the preferred tissue expressing the fusion protein. The new generation plants which are produced are genetically identical to, and have all of the characteristics of, the original plant. Micropropagation allows mass production of quality plant material in a short period of time and offers a rapid multiplication of selected cultivars in the preservation of the characteristics of the original transgenic or transformed plant. The advantages of cloning plants are the speed of plant multiplication and the quality and uniformity of plants produced.


Micropropagation is a multi-stage procedure that requires alteration of culture medium or growth conditions between stages. Thus, the micropropagation process involves four basic stages: Stage one, initial tissue culturing; stage two, tissue culture multiplication; stage three, differentiation and plant formation; and stage four, greenhouse culturing and hardening. During stage one, initial tissue culturing, the tissue culture is established and certified contaminant-free. During stage two, the initial tissue culture is multiplied until a sufficient number of tissue samples are produced to meet production goals. During stage three, the tissue samples grown in stage two are divided and grown into individual plantlets. At stage four, the transformed plantlets are transferred to a greenhouse for hardening where the plants' tolerance to light is gradually increased so that it can be grown in the natural environment.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the transgenic plants are generated by transient transformation of leaf cells, meristematic cells or the whole plant.


Transient transformation can be effected by any of the direct DNA transfer methods described above or by viral infection using modified plant viruses.


Viruses that have been shown to be useful for the transformation of plant hosts include CaMV, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), brome mosaic virus (BMV) and Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BV or BCMV). Transformation of plants using plant viruses is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,237 (bean golden mosaic virus; BGV), EP-A 67,553 (TMV), Japanese Published Application No. 63-14693 (TMV), EPA 194,809 (BV), EPA 278,667 (BV); and Gluzman, Y. et al., Communications in Molecular Biology: Viral Vectors, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 172-189 (1988). Pseudovirus particles for use in expressing foreign DNA in many hosts, including plants are described in WO 87/06261.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the virus used for transient transformations is avirulent and thus is incapable of causing severe symptoms such as reduced growth rate, mosaic, ring spots, leaf roll, yellowing, streaking, pox formation, tumor formation and pitting. A suitable avirulent virus may be a naturally occurring avirulent virus or an artificially attenuated virus. Virus attenuation may be effected by using methods well known in the art including, but not limited to, sub-lethal heating, chemical treatment or by directed mutagenesis techniques such as described, for example, by Kurihara and Watanabe (Molecular Plant Pathology 4:259-269, 2003), Gal-on et al. (1992), Atreya et al. (1992) and Huet et al. (1994).


Suitable virus strains can be obtained from available sources such as, for example, the American Type culture Collection (ATCC) or by isolation from infected plants. Isolation of viruses from infected plant tissues can be effected by techniques well known in the art such as described, for example by Foster and Tatlor, Eds. “Plant Virology Protocols: From Virus Isolation to Transgenic Resistance (Methods in Molecular Biology (Humana Pr), Vol 81)”, Humana Press, 1998. Briefly, tissues of an infected plant believed to contain a high concentration of a suitable virus, preferably young leaves and flower petals, are ground in a buffer solution (e.g., phosphate buffer solution) to produce a virus infected sap which can be used in subsequent inoculations.


Construction of plant RNA viruses for the introduction and expression of non-viral exogenous polynucleotide sequences in plants is demonstrated by the above references as well as by Dawson, W. O. et al., Virology (1989) 172:285-292; Takamatsu et al. EMBO J. (1987) 6:307-311; French et al. Science (1986) 231:1294-1297; Takamatsu et al. FEBS Letters (1990) 269:73-76; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,316,931.


When the virus is a DNA virus, suitable modifications can be made to the virus itself. Alternatively, the virus can first be cloned into a bacterial plasmid for ease of constructing the desired viral vector with the foreign DNA. The virus can then be excised from the plasmid. If the virus is a DNA virus, a bacterial origin of replication can be attached to the viral DNA, which is then replicated by the bacteria. Transcription and translation of this DNA will produce the coat protein which will encapsidate the viral DNA. If the virus is an RNA virus, the virus is generally cloned as a cDNA and inserted into a plasmid. The plasmid is then used to make all of the constructions. The RNA virus is then produced by transcribing the viral sequence of the plasmid and translation of the viral genes to produce the coat protein(s) which encapsidate the viral RNA.


In one embodiment, a plant viral polynucleotide is provided in which the native coat protein coding sequence has been deleted from a viral polynucleotide, a non-native plant viral coat protein coding sequence and a non-native promoter, preferably the subgenomic promoter of the non-native coat protein coding sequence, capable of expression in the plant host, packaging of the recombinant plant viral polynucleotide, and ensuring a systemic infection of the host by the recombinant plant viral polynucleotide, has been inserted. Alternatively, the coat protein gene may be inactivated by insertion of the non-native polynucleotide sequence within it, such that a protein is produced. The recombinant plant viral polynucleotide may contain one or more additional non-native subgenomic promoters. Each non-native subgenomic promoter is capable of transcribing or expressing adjacent genes or polynucleotide sequences in the plant host and incapable of recombination with each other and with native subgenomic promoters. Non-native (foreign) polynucleotide sequences may be inserted adjacent the native plant viral subgenomic promoter or the native and a non-native plant viral subgenomic promoters if more than one polynucleotide sequence is included. The non-native polynucleotide sequences are transcribed or expressed in the host plant under control of the subgenomic promoter to produce the desired products.


In a second embodiment, a recombinant plant viral polynucleotide is provided as in the first embodiment except that the native coat protein coding sequence is placed adjacent one of the non-native coat protein subgenomic promoters instead of a non-native coat protein coding sequence.


In a third embodiment, a recombinant plant viral polynucleotide is provided in which the native coat protein gene is adjacent its subgenomic promoter and one or more non-native subgenomic promoters have been inserted into the viral polynucleotide. The inserted non-native subgenomic promoters are capable of transcribing or expressing adjacent genes in a plant host and are incapable of recombination with each other and with native subgenomic promoters. Non-native polynucleotide sequences may be inserted adjacent the non-native subgenomic plant viral promoters such that the sequences are transcribed or expressed in the host plant under control of the subgenomic promoters to produce the desired product.


In a fourth embodiment, a recombinant plant viral polynucleotide is provided as in the third embodiment except that the native coat protein coding sequence is replaced by a non-native coat protein coding sequence.


The viral vectors are encapsidated by the coat proteins encoded by the recombinant plant viral polynucleotide to produce a recombinant plant virus. The recombinant plant viral polynucleotide or recombinant plant virus is used to infect appropriate host plants. The recombinant plant viral polynucleotide is capable of replication in the host, systemic spread in the host, and transcription or expression of foreign gene(s) (exogenous polynucleotide) in the host to produce the desired protein.


Techniques for inoculation of viruses to plants may be found in Foster and Taylor, eds. “Plant Virology Protocols: From Virus Isolation to Transgenic Resistance (Methods in Molecular Biology (Humana Pr), Vol 81)”, Humana Press, 1998; Maramorosh and Koprowski, eds. “Methods in Virology” 7 vols, Academic Press, New York 1967-1984; Hill, S. A. “Methods in Plant Virology”, Blackwell, Oxford, 1984; Walkey, D. G. A. “Applied Plant Virology”, Wiley, New York, 1985; and Kado and Agrawa, eds. “Principles and Techniques in Plant Virology”, Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York.


In addition to the above, the polynucleotide of the present invention can also be introduced into a chloroplast genome thereby enabling chloroplast expression.


A technique for introducing exogenous polynucleotide sequences to the genome of the chloroplasts is known. This technique involves the following procedures. First, plant cells are chemically treated so as to reduce the number of chloroplasts per cell to about one. Then, the exogenous polynucleotide is introduced via particle bombardment into the cells with the aim of introducing at least one exogenous polynucleotide molecule into the chloroplasts. The exogenous polynucleotides selected such that it is integratable into the chloroplast's genome via homologous recombination which is readily effected by enzymes inherent to the chloroplast. To this end, the exogenous polynucleotide includes, in addition to a gene of interest, at least one polynucleotide stretch which is derived from the chloroplast's genome. In addition, the exogenous polynucleotide includes a selectable marker, which serves by sequential selection procedures to ascertain that all or substantially all of the copies of the chloroplast genomes following such selection will include the exogenous polynucleotide. Further details relating to this technique are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,945,050; and 5,693,507 which are incorporated herein by reference. A polypeptide can thus be produced by the protein expression system of the chloroplast and become integrated into the chloroplast's inner membrane.


Since processes which increase oil content, yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant can involve multiple genes acting additively or in synergy (see, for example, in Quesda et al., Plant Physiol. 130:951-063, 2002), the present invention also envisages expressing a plurality of exogenous polynucleotides in a single host plant to thereby achieve superior effect on oil content, yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor and/or abiotic stress tolerance.


Expressing a plurality of exogenous polynucleotides in a single host plant can be effected by co-introducing multiple nucleic acid constructs, each including a different exogenous polynucleotide, into a single plant cell. The transformed cell can than be regenerated into a mature plant using the methods described hereinabove.


Alternatively, expressing a plurality of exogenous polynucleotides in a single host plant can be effected by co-introducing into a single plant-cell a single nucleic-acid construct including a plurality of different exogenous polynucleotides. Such a construct can be designed with a single promoter sequence which can transcribe a polycistronic messenger RNA including all the different exogenous polynucleotide sequences. To enable co-translation of the different polypeptides encoded by the polycistronic messenger RNA, the polynucleotide sequences can be inter-linked via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence which facilitates translation of polynucleotide sequences positioned downstream of the IRES sequence. In this case, a transcribed polycistronic RNA molecule encoding the different polypeptides described above will be translated from both the capped 5′ end and the two internal IRES sequences of the polycistronic RNA molecule to thereby produce in the cell all different polypeptides. Alternatively, the construct can include several promoter sequences each linked to a different exogenous polynucleotide sequence.


The plant cell transformed with the construct including a plurality of different exogenous polynucleotides, can be regenerated into a mature plant, using the methods described hereinabove.


Alternatively, expressing a plurality of exogenous polynucleotides in a single host plant can be effected by introducing different nucleic acid constructs, including different exogenous polynucleotides, into a plurality of plants. The regenerated transformed plants can then be cross-bred and resultant progeny selected for superior abiotic stress tolerance, water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, growth, biomass, yield and/or vigor traits, using conventional plant breeding techniques.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprising growing the plant expressing the exogenous polynucleotide under the abiotic stress.


Non-limiting examples of abiotic stress conditions include, salinity, drought, water deprivation, excess of water (e.g., flood, waterlogging), etiolation, low temperature, high temperature, heavy metal toxicity, anaerobiosis, nutrient deficiency, nutrient excess, atmospheric pollution and UV irradiation.


Thus, the invention encompasses plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotide(s), the nucleic acid constructs and/or polypeptide(s) of the invention. Once expressed within the plant cell or the entire plant, the level of the polypeptide encoded by the exogenous polynucleotide can be determined by methods well known in the art such as, activity assays, Western blots using antibodies capable of specifically binding the polypeptide, Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), radio-immuno-assays (RIA), immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and the like.


Methods of determining the level in the plant of the RNA transcribed from the exogenous polynucleotide are well known in the art and include, for example, Northern blot analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis (including quantitative, semi-quantitative or real-time RT-PCR) and RNA-in situ hybridization.


In addition, the endogenous homolog of the exogenous polynucleotide or polypeptide of the invention, or a fragment of the endogenous homolog (e.g. introns or untranslated regions) in the plant can be used as a marker for marker assisted selection (MAS), in which a marker is used for indirect selection of a genetic determinant or determinants of a trait of interest (e.g., biomass, growth rate, oil content, yield, abiotic stress tolerance). These genes (DNA or RNA sequence) may contain or be linked to polymorphic sites or genetic markers on the genome such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), DNA fingerprinting (DFP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), expression level polymorphism, polymorphism of the encoded polypeptide and any other polymorphism at the DNA or RNA sequence.


Examples of marker assisted selections include, but are not limited to, selection for a morphological trait (e.g., a gene that affects form, coloration, male sterility or resistance such as the presence or absence of awn, leaf sheath coloration, height, grain color, aroma of rice); selection for a biochemical trait (e.g., a gene that encodes a protein that can be extracted and observed; for example, isozymes and storage proteins); selection for a biological trait (e.g., pathogen races or insect biotypes based on host pathogen or host parasite interaction can be used as a marker since the genetic constitution of an organism can affect its susceptibility to pathogens or parasites).


The polynucleotides and polypeptides described hereinabove can be used in a wide range of economical plants, in a safe and cost effective manner.


Plant lines exogenously expressing the polynucleotide or the polypeptide of the invention are screened to identify those that show the greatest increase of the desired plant trait.


Following is a non-limiting description of assays which can be used to determine the effect of the transgene (the exogenous polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention) or is encoded polypeptide on the trait-of-interest in a plant.


The main parameters of efficiency used to define plant Nitrogen (N) metabolism include nitrogen-uptake efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and nitrogen-use efficiency


The Nitrogen-uptake efficiency [the amount of N in above ground biomass (grams of nitrogen)/N applied (grams/hectare)] is the total amount of nitrogen incorporated by the plant and is a function of the “uptake” (the plant's transport capacity), the metabolic efficiency of the assimilation process and the rate of plant size development, since the mass of stalk and leaves created during growth are the actual Nitrogen-storage organs. The fraction of the assimilated Nitrogen found in a shoot that is ultimately transferred to the grain (yield) is controlled enzymatically, and thus can be affected by transgenic manipulation. This parameter is, in effect, equal to the Nitrogen Use efficiency (NUE). Better grain-to-shoot N-partitioning most likely will improve yield and protein content of the grain.


Similarly, the same calculations of use and utilization efficiencies can be made for other macronutrients such as Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K), which have a direct correlation with yield and general plant tolerance.


Fertilizer use efficiency—To analyze whether the transgenic plants are more responsive to fertilizers, plants are grown in agar plates or pots with a limited amount of fertilizer, as described, for example, in Examples 5-7 of the Example section which follows and in Yanagisawa et al (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004; 101:7833-8). The plants are analyzed for their overall size, time to flowering, yield, protein content of shoot and/or grain. The parameters checked are the overall size of the mature plant, its wet and dry weight, the weight of the seeds yielded, the average seed size and the number of seeds produced per plant. Other parameters that may be tested are: the chlorophyll content of leaves (as nitrogen plant status and the degree of leaf verdure is highly correlated), amino acid and the total protein content of the seeds or other plant parts such as leaves or shoots, oil content, etc. Similarly, instead of providing nitrogen at limiting amounts, phosphate or potassium can be added at increasing concentrations. Again, the same parameters measured are the same as listed above. In this way, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), phosphate use efficiency (PUE) and potassium use efficiency (KUE) are assessed, checking the ability of the transgenic plants to thrive under nutrient restraining conditions.


Nitrogen use efficiency—To analyze whether the transgenic Arabidopsis plants are more responsive to nitrogen, plant are grown in 0.75-1.5 mM (nitrogen deficient conditions) or 6-15 mM (optimal nitrogen concentration). Plants are allowed to grow for additional 20-40 days or until seed production. The plants are then analyzed for their overall size, time to flowering, yield, protein content of shoot and/or grain/seed production. The parameters checked can be the overall size of the plant, wet and dry weight, the weight of the seeds yielded, the average seed size and the number of seeds produced per plant. Other parameters that may be tested are: the chlorophyll content of leaves (as nitrogen plant status and the degree of leaf greenness is highly correlated), amino acid and the total protein content of the seeds or other plant parts such as leaves or shoots and oil content. Transformed plants not exhibiting substantial physiological and/or morphological effects, or exhibiting higher measured parameters levels than wild-type plants, are identified as nitrogen use efficient plants.


Nitrogen determination—The procedure for N (nitrogen) concentration determination in the structural parts of the plants involves the potassium persulfate digestion method to convert organic N to NO3 (Purcell and King 1996 Argon. J. 88:111-113, the modified Cd mediated reduction of NO3 to NO2 (Vodovotz 1996 Biotechniques 20:390-394) and the measurement of nitrite by the Griess assay (Vodovotz 1996, supra). The absorbance values are measured at 550 nm against a standard curve of NaNO2. The procedure is described in details in Samonte et al. 2006 Agron. J. 98:168-176.


Germination tests—Germination tests compare the percentage of seeds from transgenic plants that could complete the germination process to the percentage of seeds from control plants that are treated in the same manner. Normal conditions are considered for example, incubations at 22° C. under 22-hour light 2-hour dark daily cycles. Evaluation of germination and seedling vigor is conducted between 4 and 14 days after planting. The basal media is 50% MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962 Plant Physiology 15, 473-497).


Germination is checked also at unfavorable conditions such as cold (incubating at temperatures lower than 10° C. instead of 22° C.) or using seed inhibition solutions that contain high concentrations of an osmolyte such as sorbitol (at concentrations of 50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM, 300 mM, 500 mM, and up to 1000 mM) or applying increasing concentrations of salt (of 50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM, 300 mM, 500 mM NaCl).


The effect of the transgene on plant's vigor, growth rate, biomass, yield and/or oil content can be determined using known methods.


Plant vigor—The plant vigor can be calculated by the increase in growth parameters such as leaf area, fiber length, rosette diameter, plant fresh weight and the like per time.


Growth rate—The growth rate can be measured using digital analysis of growing plants. For example, images of plants growing in greenhouse on plot basis can be captured every 3 days and the rosette area can be calculated by digital analysis. Rosette area growth is calculated using the difference of rosette area between days of sampling divided by the difference in days between samples.


Evaluation of growth rate can be done by measuring plant biomass produced, rosette area, leaf size or root length per time (can be measured in cm2 per day of leaf area).


Relative growth area can be calculated using Formula I.

Relative growth area rate=(ΔArea/Δt)*(1/Area t0)  Formula I:


At is the current analyzed image day subtracted from the initial day (t−t0). Thus, the relative growth area rate is in units of 1/day and length growth rate is in units of 1/day.


Alternatively, the relative growth rate of the area can be calculated as the regression coefficient along time course.


Seed yield—Evaluation of the seed yield per plant can be done by measuring the amount (weight or size) or quantity (i.e., number) of dry seeds produced and harvested from 8-16 plants and divided by the number of plants.


For example, the total seeds from 8-16 plants can be collected, weighted using e.g., an analytical balance and the total weight can be divided by the number of plants. Seed yield per growing area can be calculated in the same manner while taking into account the growing area given to a single plant. Increase seed yield per growing area could be achieved by increasing seed yield per plant, and/or by increasing number of plants capable of growing in a given area.


In addition, seed yield can be determined via the weight of 1000 seeds. The weight of 1000 seeds can be determined as follows: seeds are scattered on a glass tray and a picture is taken. Each sample is weighted and then using the digital analysis, the number of seeds in each sample is calculated.


The 1000 seeds weight can be calculated using formula II:

1000 Seed Weight=number of seed in sample/sample weight×1000  Formula II:

The Harvest Index can be calculated using Formula III

Harvest Index=Average seed yield per plant/Average dry weight  Formula III:


Grain protein concentration—Grain protein content (grams grain protein m−2) is estimated as the product of the mass of grain N (nitrogen) [grams grain Nitrogen m−2]multiplied by the N/protein conversion ratio of k-5.13 (Mosse 1990, supra). The grain protein concentration is estimated as the ratio of grain protein content per unit mass of the grain (grams grain protein kg−1 grain).


Fiber length—Fiber length can be measured using fibrograph. The fibrograph system was used to compute length in terms of “Upper Half Mean” length. The upper half mean (UHM) is the average length of longer half of the fiber distribution. The fibrograph measures length in span lengths at a given percentage point (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) cottoninc (dot) com/ClassificationofCotton/?Pg=4#Length).


Oil content—The oil content of a plant can be determined by extraction of the oil from the seed or the vegetative portion of the plant. Briefly, lipids (oil) can be removed from the plant (e.g., seed) by grinding the plant tissue in the presence of specific solvents (e.g., hexane or petroleum ether) and extracting the oil in a continuous extractor. Indirect oil content analysis can be carried out using various known methods such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, which measures the resonance energy absorbed by hydrogen atoms in the liquid state of the sample [See for example, Conway T F. and Earle F R., 1963, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society; Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, ISSN: 0003-021X (Print) 1558-9331 (Online)]; the Near Infrared (NI) Spectroscopy, which utilizes the absorption of near infrared energy (1100-2500 nm) by the sample; and a method described in WO/2001/023884, which is based on extracting oil a solvent, evaporating the solvent in a gas stream which forms oil particles, and directing a light into the gas stream and oil particles which forms a detectable reflected light.


The effect of the transgene or its encoded polypeptide on abiotic stress tolerance can be determined using known methods.


Abiotic stress tolerance—Transformed (i.e., expressing the transgene) and non-transformed (wild type) plants are exposed to an abiotic stress condition, such as water deprivation, suboptimal temperature (low temperature, high temperature), nutrient deficiency, nutrient excess, a salt stress condition, osmotic stress, heavy metal toxicity, anaerobiosis, atmospheric pollution and UV irradiation.


Salinity tolerance assay—Transgenic plants with tolerance to high salt concentrations are expected to exhibit better germination, seedling vigor or growth in high salt. Salt stress can be effected in many ways such as, for example, by irrigating the plants with a hyperosmotic solution, by cultivating the plants hydroponically in a hyperosmotic growth solution (e.g., Hoagland solution), or by culturing the plants in a hyperosmotic growth medium [e.g., 50% Murashige-Skoog medium (MS medium)]. Since different plants vary considerably in their tolerance to salinity, the salt concentration in the irrigation water, growth solution, or growth medium can be adjusted according to the specific characteristics of the specific plant cultivar or variety, so as to inflict a mild or moderate effect on the physiology and/or morphology of the plants (for guidelines as to appropriate concentration see, Bernstein and Kafkafi, Root Growth Under Salinity Stress In: Plant Roots, The Hidden Half 3rd ed. Waisel Y, Eshel A and Kafkafi U. (editors) Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2002, and reference therein).


For example, a salinity tolerance test can be performed by irrigating plants at different developmental stages with increasing concentrations of sodium chloride (for example 50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM, 400 mM NaCl) applied from the bottom and from above to ensure even dispersal of salt. Following exposure to the stress condition the plants are frequently monitored until substantial physiological and/or morphological effects appear in wild type plants. Thus, the external phenotypic appearance, degree of wilting and overall success to reach maturity and yield progeny are compared between control and transgenic plants. Quantitative parameters of tolerance measured include, but are not limited to, the average wet and dry weight, the weight of the seeds yielded, the average seed size and the number of seeds produced per plant. Transformed plants not exhibiting substantial physiological and/or morphological effects, or exhibiting higher biomass than wild-type plants, are identified as abiotic stress tolerant plants.


Osmotic tolerance test—Osmotic stress assays (including sodium chloride and mannitol assays) are conducted to determine if an osmotic stress phenotype was sodium chloride-specific or if it was a general osmotic stress related phenotype. Plants which are tolerant to osmotic stress may have more tolerance to drought and/or freezing. For salt and osmotic stress germination experiments, the medium is supplemented for example with 50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM NaCl or 100 mM, 200 mM NaCl, 400 mM mannitol, 500 mM sorbitol or 15 g (grams) PEG [Polyethylene Glycol 8000].


Drought tolerance assay/Osmoticum assay—Tolerance to drought is performed to identify the genes conferring better plant survival after acute water deprivation. To analyze whether the transgenic plants are more tolerant to drought, an osmotic stress produced by the non-ionic osmolyte sorbitol in the medium can be performed. Control and transgenic plants are germinated and grown in plant-agar plates for 4 days, after which they are transferred to plates containing 500 mM sorbitol. The treatment causes growth retardation, then both control and transgenic plants are compared, by measuring plant weight (wet and dry), yield, and by growth rates measured as time to flowering.


Conversely, soil-based drought screens are performed with plants overexpressing the polynucleotides detailed above. Seeds from control Arabidopsis plants, or other transgenic plants overexpressing the polypeptide of the invention are germinated and transferred to pots. Drought stress is obtained after irrigation is ceased accompanied by placing the pots on absorbent paper to enhance the soil-drying rate. Transgenic and control plants are compared to each other when the majority of the control plants develop severe wilting. Plants are re-watered after obtaining a significant fraction of the control plants displaying a severe wilting. Plants are ranked comparing to controls for each of two criteria: tolerance to the drought conditions and recovery (survival) following re-watering.


Cold stress tolerance—To analyze cold stress, mature (25 day old) plants are transferred to 4° C. chambers for 1 or 2 weeks, with constitutive light. Later on plants are moved back to greenhouse. Two weeks later damages from chilling period, resulting in growth retardation and other phenotypes, are compared between both control and transgenic plants, by measuring plant weight (wet and dry), and by comparing growth rates measured as time to flowering, plant size, yield, and the like.


Heat stress tolerance—Heat stress tolerance is achieved by exposing the plants to temperatures above 34° C. for a certain period. Plant tolerance is examined after transferring the plants back to 22° C. for recovery and evaluation after 5 days relative to internal controls (non-transgenic plants) or plants not exposed to neither cold or heat stress.


Water use efficiency—can be determined as the biomass produced per unit transpiration. To analyze WUE, leaf relative water content can be measured in control and transgenic plants. Fresh weight (FW) is immediately recorded; then leaves are soaked for 8 hours in distilled water at room temperature in the dark, and the turgid weight (TW) is recorded. Total dry weight (DW) is recorded after drying the leaves at 60° C. to a constant weight. Relative water content (RWC) is calculated according to the following Formula IV:

RWC=[(FW−DW)/(TW−DW)]×100  Formula IV


Thus, the invention is of high agricultural value for promoting the yield of commercially desired crops (e.g., biomass of vegetative organ such as poplar wood, or reproductive organ such as number of seeds or seed biomass) under normal or growth-limiting conditions (e.g., nitrogen-deficient conditions, abiotic stress).


Any of the transgenic plants described hereinabove or parts thereof may be processed to produce a feed, meal, protein or oil preparation, such as for ruminant animals.


The transgenic plants described hereinabove, which exhibit an increased oil content can be used to produce plant oil (by extracting the oil from the plant).


The plant oil (including the seed oil and/or the vegetative portion oil) produced according to the method of the invention may be combined with a variety of other ingredients. The specific ingredients included in a product are determined according to the intended use. Exemplary products include animal feed, raw material for chemical modification, biodegradable plastic, blended food product, edible oil, biofuel, cooking oil, lubricant, biodiesel, snack food, cosmetics, and fermentation process raw material. Exemplary products to be incorporated to the plant oil include animal feeds, human food products such as extruded snack foods, breads, as a food binding agent, aquaculture feeds, fermentable mixtures, food supplements, sport drinks, nutritional food bars, multi-vitamin supplements, diet drinks, and cereal foods.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the oil comprises a seed oil and/or a vegetative portion oil.


According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant cell forms a part of a plant.


As used herein the term “about” refers to ±10%.


The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, “including”, “having” and their conjugates mean “including but not limited to”.


The term “consisting of” means “including and limited to”.


The term “consisting essentially of” means that the composition, method or structure may include additional ingredients, steps and/or parts, but only if the additional ingredients, steps and/or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method or structure.


As used herein, the singular form “a”, “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “a compound” or “at least one compound” may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.


Throughout this application, various embodiments of this invention may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.


Whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited numeral (fractional or integral) within the indicated range. The phrases “ranging/ranges between” a first indicate number and a second indicate number and “ranging/ranges from” a first indicate number “to” a second indicate number are used herein interchangeably and are meant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral numerals therebetween.


As used herein the term “method” refers to manners, means, techniques and procedures for accomplishing a given task including, but not limited to, those manners, means, techniques and procedures either known to, or readily developed from known manners, means, techniques and procedures by practitioners of the chemical, pharmacological, biological, biochemical and medical arts.


It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.


Various embodiments and aspects of the present invention as delineated hereinabove and as claimed in the claims section below find experimental support in the following examples.


EXAMPLES

Reference is now made to the following examples, which together with the above descriptions illustrate some embodiments of the invention in a non limiting fashion.


Generally, the nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures utilized in the present invention include molecular, biochemical, microbiological and recombinant DNA techniques. Such techniques are thoroughly explained in the literature. See, for example, “Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual” Sambrook et al., (1989); “Current Protocols in Molecular Biology” Volumes I-III Ausubel, R. M., ed. (1994); Ausubel et al., “Current Protocols in Molecular Biology”, John Wiley and Sons, Baltimore, Md. (1989); Perbal, “A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning”, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1988); Watson et al., “Recombinant DNA”, Scientific American Books, New York; Birren et al. (eds) “Genome Analysis: A Laboratory Manual Series”, Vols. 1-4, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York (1998); methodologies as set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,666,828; 4,683,202; 4,801,531; 5,192,659 and 5,272,057; “Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook”, Volumes I-III Cellis, J. E., ed. (1994); “Current Protocols in Immunology” Volumes I-III Coligan J. E., ed. (1994); Stites et al. (eds), “Basic and Clinical Immunology” (8th Edition), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn. (1994); Mishell and Shiigi (eds), “Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology”, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York (1980); available immunoassays are extensively described in the patent and scientific literature, see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,791,932; 3,839,153; 3,850,752; 3,850,578; 3,853,987; 3,867,517; 3,879,262; 3,901,654; 3,935,074; 3,984,533; 3,996,345; 4,034,074; 4,098,876; 4,879,219; 5,011,771 and 5,281,521; “Oligonucleotide Synthesis” Gait, M. J., ed. (1984); “Nucleic Acid Hybridization” Hames, B. D., and Higgins S. J., eds. (1985); “Transcription and Translation” Hames, B. D., and Higgins S. J., Eds. (1984); “Animal Cell Culture” Freshney, R. I., ed. (1986); “Immobilized Cells and Enzymes” IRL Press, (1986); “A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning” Perbal, B., (1984) and “Methods in Enzymology” Vol. 1-317, Academic Press; “PCR Protocols: A Guide To Methods And Applications”, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. (1990); Marshak et al., “Strategies for Protein Purification and Characterization—A Laboratory Course Manual” CSHL Press (1996); all of which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. Other general references are provided throughout this document. The procedures therein are believed to be well known in the art and are provided for the convenience of the reader. All the information contained therein is incorporated herein by reference.


Example 1
Identifying Genes which Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Fertilizer Use Efficiency, Yield, Oil Content, Biomass and/or Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Genes which can increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE), yield, oil content, biomass and/or abiotic stress tolerance (ABST) were identified using several data mining and bioinformatics tools.


All nucleotide sequence datasets used here were originated from publicly available databases. Sequence data from 76 different plant species was introduced into a single, comprehensive database. Other information on gene expression, protein annotation, enzymes and pathways were also incorporated. Major databases used include:

    • Genomes
    • Arabidopsis genome [TAIR genome version 6 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) arabidopsis (dot) org/)]
    • Rice genome [IRGSP build 4.0 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://rgp (dot) dna (dot) affrc (dot) go (dot) jp/IRGSP/)].
    • Poplar [Populus trichocarpa release 1.1 from JGI (assembly release v1.0) (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) genome (dot) jgi-psf (dot) org/)]
    • Brachypodium [JGI 4× assembly, Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) brachpodium (dot) org)]
    • Soybean [DOE-JGI SCP, version Glyma0 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) phytozome (dot) net/)]
    • Grape [French-Italian Public Consortium for Grapevine Genome Characterization grapevine genome (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) genoscope (dot) cns (dot) fr/)]
    • Castobean [TIGR/J Craig Venter Institute 4× assembly [(Hypertext Transfer Protocol://msc (dot) jcvi (dot) org/r_communis]
    • Sorghum [DOE-JGI SCP, version Sbil [Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) phytozome (dot) net/)].
    • Partially assembled genome of Maize [Hypertext Transfer Protocol://maizesequence (dot) org/]
    • Expressed EST and mRNA sequences were extracted from the following databases:
    • GenBank (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/Genbank/).
    • RefSeq (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/RefSeq/).
    • TAIR (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) arabidopsis (dot) org/).
    • Protein and pathway databases
    • Uniprot (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) expasy (dot) uniprot (dot) org/).
    • AraCyc (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) arabidopsis(dot) org/biocyc/index (dot) jsp).
    • ENZYME (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://expasy (dot) org/enzyme/).
    • Microarray datasets were downloaded from:
    • GEO (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/geo/)
    • TAIR (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) arabidopsis (dot) org/).
    • Proprietary cotton fiber microarray data (PCT Publication No. WO2008/075364)
    • Proprietary microarray data on Arabidopsis ecotypes (PCT Publication No. WO2008/122980).
    • OTL (quantitative trailt Locus) information
    • Gramene (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) gramene (dot) org/qtl/).


Database assembly was performed to enable to build a wide, rich, reliable annotated and easy to analyze database comprised of publicly available genomic mRNA, and ESTs DNA sequences, data from various crops as well as gene expression, protein annotation and pathway data QTLs, and other relevant information.


Database assembly is comprised of a toolbox of gene refining, structuring, annotation and analysis tools enabling to construct a tailored database for each gene discovery project. Gene refining and structuring tools enable to reliably detect splice variants and antisense transcripts, generating understanding of various potential phenotypic outcomes of a single gene. The capabilities of the “LEADS” platform of Compugen LTD for analyzing human genome have been confirmed and accepted by the scientific community [see e.g., “Widespread Antisense Transcription”, Yelin, et al. (2003) Nature Biotechnology 21, 379-85; “Splicing of Alu Sequences”, Lev-Maor, et al. (2003) Science 300 (5623), 1288-91; “Computational analysis of alternative splicing using EST tissue information”, Xie H et al. Genomics 2002], and have been proven most efficient in plant genomics as well.


EST clustering and gene assembly—For clustering and assembly Arabidopsis, rice, grape, sorghum, brachypodium and soybean genes the present inventors used “genomic LEADS” version. This tool allows most accurate clustering of ESTs and mRNA sequences on genome, and predicts gene structure as well as alternative splicing events and anti-sense transcription.


Gene annotation—Predicted genes and proteins were annotated as follows: Sequences blast search [Hypertext Transfer Protocol://blast (dot) ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/Blast (dot) cgi] against all plant UniProt [Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) uniprot (dot) org/] was performed. Open reading frames of each putative transcript were analyzed and longest ORF with higher number of homologues was selected as predicted protein of the transcript. The predicted proteins were analyzed by InterPro [Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) ebi (dot) ac (dot) uk/interpro/].


Blast against proteins from AraCyc and ENZYME databases was used to map the predicted transcripts to AraCyc pathways.


Predicted proteins from different species were compared using blast algorithm [Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/Blast (dot) cgi] to validate the accuracy of the predicted protein sequence, and for efficient detection of orthologs.


Gene expression profiling—Few data sources were exploited for gene expression profiling, namely microarray data and digital expression profile (as mentioned above). According to gene expression profile, a correlation analysis was performed to identify genes which are co-regulated under different developmental stages and environmental conditions.


Publicly available microarray datasets were downloaded from NCBI GEO sites, renormalized, and integrated into the database. Expression profile was one of the most important resource data for identifying genes important for NUE, ABST, yield, biomass increment and/or FUE. Moreover, when homolog genes from different crops were found to be associated with increase of NUE, ABST, FUE, biomass, yield or oil content, the genes were marked as “highly predictive” to improve the trait.


A digital expression profile summary was compiled for each cluster according to all keywords included in the sequence records comprising the cluster. Digital expression, also known as electronic Northern Blot, is a tool that displays virtual expression profile based on the EST sequences forming the gene cluster. The tool can provide the expression profile of a cluster in terms of plant anatomy (e.g. tissues/organs in which the gene is expressed), developmental stage (the developmental stages at which a gene can be found) and profile of treatment (provides the physiological conditions under which a gene is expressed such as drought, cold, pathogen infection, etc). Given a random distribution of ESTs in the different clusters, the digital expression provides a probability value that describes the probability of a cluster having a total of N ESTs to contain X ESTs from a certain collection of libraries. For the probability calculations the following parameters were taken into consideration: a) the number of ESTs in the cluster; b) the number of ESTs of the implicated and related libraries; and c) the overall number of ESTs available, representing the species. Thereby clusters with low probability values are highly enriched with ESTs from the group of libraries of interest indicating a specialized expression.


The results of the digital and microarray gene expression data are provided in Tables 1-19, hereinbelow.


Below are summarized the key criteria used to select the genes which expression thereof in a plant can be used to increase NUE, FUE, biomass, yield, oil content and ABST. The overexpression Fold (“Fold”) is calculated as the ratio between the number of ESTs found in a gene or an orthologue group for a certain category (“Keyword”) and the number of expected ESTs according to a normal distribution. A probabilistic value (P-value) was estimated for the calculated overexpression folds. Genes were selected based on the results presented in Tables 1-19 below and other computational filtering combined with manual curation as detailed below.


NUE242, NUE244, NUE234, NUE239, NUE240, NUE514, NUE523, NUE533, NUE538, NUE548, NUE549, NUE241, NUE235, NUE251, NUE587 and NUE582 were selected since they are highly expressed in roots and under nutrient deficient conditions (as shown in Tables 1 and 2, hereinbelow).









TABLE 1







Digital expression of NUE242, NUE244, NUE234, NUE239, NUE240, NUE514, NUE523,


NUE533, NUE538, NUE548, NUE549, NUE241, NUE235, NUE251, NUE587 and


NUE582 in different tissues









Anatomy












germinating seed
root
seedling
shoot















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value


















NUE242


10.57
2.68E−12


1.00
5.47E−01


NUE244
1.00
4.48E−02
3.00
1.06E−03
1.40
1.67E−01
2.00
2.03E−01


NUE234


6.89
1.80E−24






NUE239


7.26
1.87E−21






NUE240


12.70
4.65E−40






NUE514
1.97
2.69E−01
2.95
7.95E−60
0.78
1
0.39
9.99E−01


NUE523


2.15
1.17E−05
1.11
4.45E−01
1.33
1.31E−01


NUE533


2.96
5.39E−04
0.76
8.43E−01




NUE538


3.47
1.05E−06
0.96
6.20E−01




NUE548


1.72
1.06E−02
0.65
8.48E−01
0.60
9.41E−01


NUE549


1.51
7.86E−06
2.52
7.38E−13
0.19
1


NUE241


3.32
7.66E−03
1.00
4.05E−01
0.88
6.88E−01


NUE235
1.00
2.95E−02
4.94
1.12E−06
0.48
9.46E−01




NUE251


2.72
3.33E−05






NUE587


2.39
2.20E−02
2.56
1.10E−01




NUE582


2.00
6.00E−08
1.19
2.80E−01
1.89
7.60E−06





Table 1. Digital expression of the indicated genes in germinating seed, root, seedling and shoots. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.













TABLE 2







Digital expression of NUE242, NUE244, NUE234, NUE239, NUE240, NUE514, NUE523,


NUE533, NUE538, NUE548, NUE549, NUE241, NUE235, NUE251, NUE587 and NUE582


under different growth conditions









Treatment
















nutrient




drought
etiolation
heat stress
deficiencies
waterlogging

















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value




















NUE242




1.00
4.69E−02
5.00
8.06E−06




NUE244


4.00
1.40E−02


7.00
2.93E−06
1.00
1.50E−01


NUE234
3.00
2.51E−03




2.93
1.71E−02




NUE239
8.00
5.17E−11




17.36
2.11E−27




NUE240
4.00
1.44E−05




26.09
6.02E−35




NUE514
0.14
1
0.49
9.96E−01
1.16
5.14E−01
5.75
1.26E−38
3.54
1.95E−04


NUE523
1.53
1.07E−01




4.35
5.73E−04
1.94
2.76E−01


NUE533
1.00
6.19E−01




4.00
3.57E−03




NUE538
1.69
2.10E−01




7.00
2.32E−06
5.00
2.30E−05


NUE548
0.76
7.80E−01




9.60
1.24E−09




NUE549
1.91
8.07E−07




4.08
6.20E−12
9.58
8.54E−30


NUE241






3.00
8.97E−03




NUE235
2.00
1.50E−01




6.00
2.61E−06




NUE251
1.89
9.79E−02




3.00
4.85E−02
8.00
2.04E−08


NUE587
4.50
1.73E−03




3.00
4.71E−03




NUE582
0.63
9.51E−01




3.20
4.00E−02
0.97
6.10E−01





Table 2. Digital expression of the indicated genes under drought, etiolation, heat stress, nutrient deficiencies and waterlogging. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.






NUE229, NUE248, NUE254, NUE542, NUE562, NUE237, NUE221, NUE585 and NUE588 were selected because of their high expression in roots and under drought stress conditions (as shown in Tables 3 and 4, below).









TABLE 3







Digital expression of NUE229, NUE248, NUE254, NUE542, NUE562, NUE237, NUE221,


NUE585 and NUE588 in different tissues









Anatomy













leaf
seed
root
seedling
shoot

















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value





NUE229




4.64
2.79E−04






NUE248
1.19
5.06E−01


3.56
6.36E−03






NUE254
2.26
1.35E−02


7.90
5.32E−22
0.33
9.53E−01
1.55
1.46E−01


NUE542




4.22
9.75E−04






NUE562
2.75
2.40E−02


3.32
3.79E−08
0.71
9.32E−01
0.62
9.66E−01


NUE237
0.50
9.00E−01


5.35
5.22E−11
1.21
2.97E−01
0.50
9.67E−01


NUE221




4.15
2.33E−04
0.63
8.74E−01
1.41
2.48E−01


NUE585
2.00
1.20E−01


6.00
1.34E−04






NUE588
0.99
6.00E−01


2.56
7.16E−05
0.65
9.64E−01
1.30
1.29E−01





Table 3. Digital expression of the indicated genes in leaf, seed, root, seedling and shoots. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.













TABLE 4







Digital expression of NUE229, NUE248, NUE254, NUE542, NUE562, NUE237,


NUE221 and NUE588 under different growth conditions









Treatment












cold
drought
etiolation
salinity















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value


















NUE229


4.00
6.53E−03






NUE248


4.00
6.02E−03






NUE254


3.13
1.29E−02


1.00
3.67E−01


NUE542


3.00
3.50E−02


6.00
1.61E−10


NUE562
0.70
0.760127
2.75
3.66E−02
0.98
0.57666
4.35
2.80E−03


NUE237


6.00
3.30E−04






NUE221


4.00
1.38E−03
1.60
0.28739




NUE585


2.00
5.13E−02






NUE588
2.10
0.173185
2.73
3.76E−02
1.39
0.185271
0.72
7.53E−01





Table 4. Digital expression of the indicated genes under cold, drought, etiolation and salinity. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.






NUE252 and MAB106, NUE265, NUE553, NUE513, NUE579, NUE5, NUE256, NUE227 and NUE223 were selected because of their high expression under etiolation growth conditions (as shown in Table 5).









TABLE 5







Digital expression of NUE252, MAB106, NUE265, NUE553, NUE513, NUE579,


NUE580, NUE256, NUE227 and NUE223 under different growth conditions









Treatment












drought
etiolation
heat
heavy metal















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value


















NUE252
1.28
4.2E−01
5.67
2.0E−11






MAB106
0.49
8.7E−01
10.17
5.2E−71






NUE265


1.90
4.9E−02
4.00
2.6E−03
2.26
7.2E−02


NUE553


1.92
4.4E−02






NUE513
1.05
5.7E−01
3.75
1.5E−04






NUE579
0.27
9.8E−01
3.18
1.9E−05






NUE580
1.00
5.6E−01
3.16
3.8E−02






NUE256
1.84
5.9E−02
2.03
9.9E−03
3.43
4.7E−03




NUE227


4.74
3.4E−03






NUE223
1.40
4.19E−01
4.17
5.6E−09





Table 5. Digital expression of the indicated genes under drought, etiolation, heat and heavy metal. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Note the high expression of NUE252 and MAB106 under etiolation. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.













TABLE 6







Digital expression of NUE252, MAB106, NUE265,


NUE553, NUE513, NUE579, NUE580, NUE256, NUE227


and NUE223 under different growth conditions









Treatment










oxidative












salinity
stress
waterlogging













Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value














NUE252






MAB106






NUE265
3.00
6.3E−02




NUE553






NUE513






NUE579






NUE580






NUE256
2.96
8.2E−02




NUE227






NUE223
2.85
8.91E−02 
2.00
2.31E−02





Table 6. Digital expression of the indicated genes under salinity, oxidative stress and waterlogging. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.






NUE224, NUE230, NUE255, NUE245, NUE237, NUE233, NUE231, NUE228, NUE225 and NUE249 were selected because of their high expression in roots and expressed when treated with plant hormones intrinsically related to plant growth and development (as shown in Tables 7, 8 and 9).









TABLE 7







Digital expression of NUE224, NUE230, NUE255, NUE245, NUE237,


NUE233, NUE231, NUE228, NUE225 and NUE249 in different tissues









Anatomy













leaf
callus
root
seedling
shoot

















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value




















NUE224
1.20
4.0E−01
0.49
9.9E−01
7.26
4.1E−30
1.64
8.4E−03
1.04
5.0E−01


NUE230
0.71
8.3E−01
1.35
1.4E−02
2.76
7.1E−09
0.59
1.0E+00
1.16
2.1E−01


NUE255




4.00
3.3E−03






NUE245
1.48
2.5E−01
0.32
1.0E+00
2.14
4.4E−03
1.03
4.8E−01
1.53
3.2E−02


NUE237
0.47
8.8E−01
1.39
1.0E−01
5.12
1.3E−10
1.14
3.7E−01
0.47
9.8E−01


NUE233


1.73
4.4E−02
4.19
9.9E−05
0.95
6.2E−01
1.28
3.3E−01


NUE231


0.75
7.8E−01
8.66
4.6E−10
0.30
9.7E−01




NUE228
0.17
1.0E+00
2.29
2.4E−12
4.75
3.2E−23


0.13
1.0E+00


NUE225




11.25
0
2.41
1.0E−14
0.10
1.0E+00


NUE249




5.78
4.17E−05 





Table 7. Digital expression of the indicated genes in leaf, callus, root, seedling and shoot. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.













TABLE 8







Digital expression of NUE224, NUE230, NUE255, NUE245,


NUE237, NUE233, NUE231, NUE228, NUE225 and NUE249 under


different growth conditions and treatments









Treatment










plant development












hormones
drought
etiolation













Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
















NUE224
4.75
1.7E−06


1.51
1.4E−01


NUE230
2.74
2.1E−04
0.31
9.6E−01




NUE255
4.00
1.4E−04






NUE245
2.67
1.1E−02
1.28
4.6E−01




NUE237
4.26
5.9E−04
6.00
4.2E−04




NUE233
11.74
2.5E−10






NUE231
10.00
3.4E−10






NUE228
4.48
3.0E−09






NUE225
3.45
3.6E−07






NUE249
2.00
3.0E−02





Table 8. Digital expression of the indicated genes under plant development hormones, drought and etiolation. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.













TABLE 9







Digital expression of NUE224, NUE230, NUE255,


NUE245, NUE237, NUE233, NUE231, NUE228, NUE225


and NUE249 under different growth treatments









Treatment










photoperiod












waterlogging
response
salinity













Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
















NUE224








NUE230




1.26
4.3E−01


NUE255








NUE245
2.00
2.7E−02


0.87
6.9E−01


NUE237








NUE233








NUE231








NUE228








NUE225
21.00
3.4E−26


28.53
5.6E−82


NUE249


2.00
4.0E−03





Table 9. Digital expression of the indicated genes under waterlogging, photoperiod response and salinity. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.






NUE268, NUE574 and NUE575 were selected because of their high expression in callus (a tissue with high cell division rate) and induced when treated with plant growth and development related hormones (as shown in Table 10, below).









TABLE 10







Digital expression of NUE268, NUE574 and NUE575 in various


tissues and under different conditions and treatments











NUE268
NUE574
NUE575















Anatomy
leaf
fold
0.84
1.24





p-value
0.8 
4.8E−01




callus
fold
2.37
2.28
2.47




p-value
6.0E−19
2.0E−04
2.5E−07



root
fold
0.41
0.31
1.20




p-value
1  
9.7E−01
3.8E−01



seedling
fold
0.34
1.23
0.45




p-value
1  
3.1E−01
9.9E−01



shoot
fold
0.59
0.16
0.91




p-value
9.9E−01
1.0E+00
6.6E−01


Treatment
plant
fold
4.46
2.80
1.84



development
p-value
1.4E−12
5.5E−02
1.7E−01



hormones







drought
fold

2.00





p-value

1.7E−01




etiolation
fold
0.20
0.35
0.23




p-value
1.0E+00
9.5E−01
9.9E−01



waterlogging
fold







p-value






photoperiod
fold
3.32





response
p-value
3.4E−02





salinity
fold

1.00





p-value

4.3E−01





Table 10. Digital expression of the indicated genes in various tissues (leaf, callus, root, seedling and shoot) and under various treatment or conditions (plant development hormones, drought, etiolation, waterlogging, photoperiod response and salinity. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Note the significant fold expression in callus and under plant development hormones.






CT75, CT7, CT76, CT71, CT74, CT11, CT2, CT81, CT22, CT82, CT3, CT4, CT1, CT6, CT27, CT2, NUE269, NUE545 and NUE544, were selected based on their high expression in cotton fiber, which formation is strongly related to cell elongation (Tables 11 and 12 below) and therefore are expected to have a positive effect on root development under normal conditions, nitrogen deficient conditions, fertilizer shortage and/or water deficiencies conditions as well as for increasing oil content.









TABLE 11







Digital expression of CT75, CT7, CT76, CT71, CT74, CT11,


CT20, CT81, CT22, CT82, CT3, CT40, CT1, CT6, CT27, CT2,


NUE269, NUE545 and NUE544 in different tissues









Anatomy












cotton fiber
fruit
seed
root















Gene Name
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value















CT75
1.63
9.3E−13





CT7
1.65
6.3E−16





CT76
1.21
1.9E−01





CT71
1.6
1.3E−28





CT74
1.68
2.4E−89





CT11
1.49
4.4E−04





CT20
1.68
1.1E−14

0.6
8.1E−01


CT81
1.37
9.8E−04





CT22
0.92
7.4E−01





CT82
1.31
3.6E−01





CT3
1.87
1.4E−14





CT40
1.27
1.9E−03

0.59
8.2E−01


CT1
1.53
2.4E−09





CT6
1.46
6.3E−09





CT27
0.65
9.0E−01





CT2
1.43
1.7E−03





NUE269
1.50
2.5E−02





NUE545
1.39
4.6E−03

1
4.5E−01


NUE544
1.73
1.5E−03





Table 11. Digital expression of the indicated genes in cotton fibers, fruit, seed and root. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Note the significant fold expression in cotton fiber. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.













TABLE 12







Digital expression of CT75, CT7, CT76, CT71, CT74,


CT11, CT20, CT81, CT22, CT82, CT3, CT40, CT1,


CT6, CT27, CT2, NUE269, NUE545 and NUE544









Anatomy











seedling
stem
leaf













Gene Name
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
















CT75








CT7
0.08
1


0.44
9.0E−01


CT76








CT71
0.17
1






CT74
0.17
1






CT11








CT20
0.55
0.97






CT81
1.6
0.08






CT22








CT82








CT3








CT40




0.52
0.86


CT1
0.54
0.97






CT6


0.17
0.99




CT27








CT2
0.21
0.99






NUE269








NUE545


0.63
8.0E−01




NUE544
0.6
8.3E−01









Table 12. Digital expression of the indicated genes in seedling, stem and leaf. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.






Plants growing under low nitrogen conditions or harsh drought conditions suffer from severe leaf senescence. NUE525, NUE535, NUE565, NUE578, NUE515 and NUE591 were selected as genes highly induced in leaves and under nutrient deficiencies of drought stress conditions (as shown in Tables 13 and 14, below). In addition, NUE578 shows strong induction in plants affected by heat stress. 3312 Table 13









TABLE 13







Digital expression of NUE525, NUE535, NUE565,


NUE578, NUE515 and NUE591 in different tissues









Anatomy












Leaf
Root
Flower
Callus















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value

















NUE525
2.54
4.4E−06
0.93
6.6E−01
0.28
1.0E+00



NUE535
8.10
1.4E−11







NUE565
4.78
3.3E−03







NUE578
2.41
9.1E−04


0.20
1.0E+00



NUE515
3.67
2.2E−02
1.36
4.4E−01
1.00
3.7E−01



NUE591
3.41
1.3E−02
1.40
3.6E−01
1.59
2.9E−01





Table 13. Digital expression of the indicated genes in leaf, root, flower and callus. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Note the fold expression in leaf. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.













TABLE 14







Digital expression of NUE525, NUE535, NUE565, NUE578,


NUE515 and NUE591 under different conditions









Treatment










Nutrient













deficiency
Drought
Salinity
Heat















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value





NUE525
3.19
1.2E−02
0.54
9.4E−01
1.29
4.6E−01




NUE535


4.06
6.7E−03






NUE565


3.00
2.3E−02






NUE578


4.25
2.7E−05
1.00
4.0E−01
8.05
3.8E−08


NUE515


3.00
2.6E−02






NUE591


7.00
2.7E−05





Table 14. Digital expression of the indicated genes under nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity and heat. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Note the fold expression under nutrient deficiency and drought. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.






NUE520, NUE521, NUE560, NUE563 and NUE573 were selected as genes that can improve seedling vigor under nitrogen stress conditions. NUE520, NUE521, NUE560 were selected as genes that are highly expressed in whole seedlings and are highly induced under drought stress. NUE563 was selected as a gene that is highly induced in seedling leaves and is induced under salinity stress. NUE573 is induced in seedling roots and under salinity stress (see Tables 15 and 16).









TABLE 15







Digital expression of NUE520, NUE521, NUE560,


NUE563 and NUE573 in different tissues









Anatomy












Leaf
Root
Flower
Seedling















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value





NUE520
1.80
8.0E−02
0.88
6.9E−01
1.34
1.4E−02
1.87
9.1E−05


NUE521


1.43
2.7E−01
1.06
4.4E−01
1.78
2.1E−02


NUE560
2.68
6.2E−02
0.66
8.2E−01
0.57
9.8E−01
3.67
1.2E−09


NUE563
5.07
6.7E−05
0.28
9.8E−01
0.14
1.0E+00
5.30
4.7E−24


NUE573
0.17
1.0E+00
8.59
3.2E−47


2.00
3.0E−03





Table 15. Digital expression of the indicated genes in leaf, root, flower and seedling. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Note the fold expression in leaf (NUE563), root (NUE573) and seedling (NUE520, NUE521, NUE560, NUE563 and NUE573). Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.













TABLE 16







Digital expression of NUE520, NUE521, NUE560,


NUE563 and NUE573 under different conditions









Treatment










Nutrient













deficiencies
Drought
Heat
Salinity















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
















NUE520
3.96
1.1E−03
8.00
5.5E−06
2.60
6.9E−02


NUE521
6.00
1.3E−04


1.00
4.5E−01


NUE560
5.00
5.9E−04






NUE563




3.00
2.4E−02


NUE573
1.73
1.3E−01


2.00
5.4E−02





Table 16. Digital expression of the indicated genes under nutrient deficiency, drought, heat and salinity. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Note the fold expression under drought (NUE520, NUE521, NUE560) and salinity (NUE563 and NUE573). Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.






Seedlings and cell culture are fast growing tissues. Furthermore, emerging root seedlings elongate very fast to reach available water and nitrogen at deeper soils. NUE520, NUE211, NUE564 and NUE567 were selected for their high expression in root seedlings and/or whole seedlings, while NUE519 was selected for its high expression in root seedlings and cell cultures (see Table 17).









TABLE 17







Digital expression of NUE520, NUE211, NUE564,


NUE567, and NUE519 in different tissues












NUE211
NUE564
NUE567
NUE519
















Anatomy
Leaf
fold
1.76
3.39






p-value
2.0E−01
2.5E−03





Cell
fold
0.24


8.00



suspension
p-value
9.9E−01


8.4E−12



Root
fold
1.91
3.50
6.11
3.21




p-value
4.6E−02
1.1E−03
6.9E−06
5.1E−05



Seedling
fold
2.01
  3.687807






p-value
1.2E−03
5.9E−03





Shoot
fold
1.29
0.21






p-value
2.0E−01
1.0E+00





Table 17. Digital expression of the indicated genes in leaf, cell suspension, root, seedling and shoot. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Note the fold expression in root (NUE211, NUE564, NUE567 and NUE519) and seedling (NUE211 and NUE564). Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.






NUE528, NUE571, NUE531 and NUE590 are induced by cold stress. Cold stress reduces plant photosynthesis and produces similar effect to that observed in plants growing under nitrogen deficiency (see Table 18).









TABLE 18







Digital expression of NUE528, NUE571, NUE531 and NUE590 under different conditions









Treatment










Nutrient














deficiencies
Cold
Heat
Salinity
Drought

















Genes
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value
fold
p-value



















NUE528
2.47
0.08
3.00
5.2E−04







NUE571


7.24
5.8E−09







NUE531


6.00
4.5E−04







NUE590


1.00
3.9E−02

1
2.9E−01
1
2.9E−01





Table 18. Digital expression of the indicated genes under nutrient deficiencies, cold, heat, salinity and drought. Provided are the fold increase and the calculated p-values. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was lower than 0.05. Note the fold expression under nutrient deficiencies (NUE528) and cold (NUE528, 571, 531 and 590). Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed or data is not available.






NUE206 was selected based on its digital expression analysis. It showed that NUE206 is highly expressed in roots (2.4 fold p<0.05) and indications of being induced by cold (2.2 fold p<0.08). NUE208 and NUE210 are tomato genes that are expressed in fruit and during fruit ripening, respectively. These stages are considered important for maintaining high cell turgor. NUE209 is a putative HB2 homeodomain protein highly expressed in flower buds. It was selected as a gene that belongs to an orthologue group of genes that are highly induced by plant developmental hormones such as auxins (5 fold p<0.002), and in tissues that maintain high cell turgor such as the fruit pulp (3 fold p<0.00098) and callus (2 fold p<0.0003). NUE246 was selected because of its high expression in fruit pericarp (3.7 fold p<0.01) and because it is highly induced by drought (4 fold, p<0.0013). NUE516 is a putative Pto kinase interactor selected for its induction under drought conditions (3.2 fold, p<0.03) and prior to flowering stage (2.0 fold p<0.02). NUE527 was chosen because of its expression in different nutrient deficiencies (3.7 fold p<0.002) being mainly expressed under phosphate deficiency (4 fold, p<0.006). NUE547, which is a Putative Ca(2+)-dependent nuclease, was selected as a gene induced in flowers during pre-anthesis stage (2.0 fold p<0.04). NUE551 is an uncharacterized protein that was classified and chosen as a gene that is induced in flowers (2.6 fold p<0.007) and is involved in plant carbon metabolism (GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolism). NUE554 was characterized as TBP-binding protein-like who is induced in shoots (1.8 fold p<8e−09) during blister and/or milking grain filling stage (3.4 fold p<1e−08). NUE583 is an uncharacterized protein highly expressed in flowers (2.5 fold p<0.006) and significantly induced by cytokinins (4.0 fold p<2e−05). NUE584 is an unknown protein highly induced in shoots and roots (6.0 fold p<8e−07) and overrepresented under nutrient deficiency conditions (6.0 fold p<1e−08) and drought (3.0 fold p<0.03). NUE592 is an unknown protein induced by phosphate deficiency (2.0 fold p<0.05) and by stress related hormones (6.1 fold p<2E−05)


Other NUE and MAB genes were selected based on their induced expression in different Microarrays experiments. The experiments selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/geo/) were abiotic stresses (drought, salinity) GSE6901, nitrogen deficiency GSE4409, cold GSE3326, rice atlas GSE6893, and auxin GSE3350. From TAIR (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) arabidopsis (dot) org/servlets/Search?type=expr&search_action=new_search) the experiments on salinity 1007966888, osmoticum 1007966835, cold 1007966553 and ABA application 1007964750 were chosen, and from Nascarrays (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://affymetrix (dot) arabidopsis (dot) info/narrays/experimentbrowse (dot) pl) an experiment on Nitrogen deficiency NASCARRAYS-136 was chosen. Furthermore, a Proprietary cotton fiber microarray data was used to detect the expression of the genes in cotton fiber or root specifically (PCT Publication No: WO 2008/075364)


Based on the analysis of the microarray experiments described above NUE222 was selected because it is highly expressed under nitrogen deficiency, salinity and because it is strongly induced by ABA (see Table 19, hereinbelow). NUE267 and NUE206 were selected as these genes are highly induced by salinity, cold and ABA. NUE212 is a cotton gene specifically expressed in roots. MAB52 was selected because it is induced by drought. MAB53 was selected because it is induced by nitrogen deficiency and it is a functional orthologue of MAB106. NUE566 and NUE568 were selected for their high expression in leaves when compared to their expression in roots). NUE570 was selected because it is highly overrepresented in EST's libraries of leaves (5 fold p<0.001) and is induced by salinity in the microarray experiment. NUE540 is expressed in roots and is related to root hair cell differentiation (GO:0048765). NUE539, NUE543, NUE576 and NUE577 were selected for being highly induced under nitrogen deficiency. NUE577 was also selected for being induced under salinity and cold stress. NUE569 was selected for being induced under salinity and osmoticum conditions. NUE586 was selected for being inducted when treated with the growth hormone auxin. NUE253 was selected as a highly expressed gene under nitrogen deficiency and salinity and NUE593 was selected as a highly expressed gene under salinity conditions









TABLE 19







Microarray expression analysis of NUE222, NUE267, NUE206, NUE212,


MAB52, MAB53, NUE539, NUE543, NUE576, NUE566, NUE568, NUE569, NUE570,


NUE572, NUE581, NUE540, NUE586, NUE577, NUE253 and NUE593




















Fold







Gene
Fold
Fold
Fold
Nitrogen
Fold
Fold
Fold
Fold
Fold


Name
Salinity
Drought
Osmoticum
Deficiency
Cold
ABA
Roots
Shoot
Auxin



















NUE222
5.0


2.0

3.0





NUE267
3.0



4.4
3.5





NUE206
4.0



10.0
6.0





NUE212






12.0




MAB52

1.6









MAB53



1.9







NUE539



4.4







NUE543



2.1







NUE576



3.3







NUE566







2.3



NUE568







22.0



NUE569
1.5

1.6








NUE570
6.2










NUE572
1.2



2.1






NUE581
20.9




7.0





NUE540






2.0




NUE586








3.1


NUE577
2.1


1.9
4.4






NUE253
1.8


1.6







NUE593
2.0





Table 19: Microarray expression analysis of the indicated genes under salinity, drought, osmoticum, nitrogen deficiency, cold, ABA (abscisic acid) conditions and in roots, shoot and auxin. Blank cells indicate that either the gene is not expressed.






NUE49, NUE50 and NUE102 are variants of previously described genes that were originally selected for yield and NUE improvement (PCT Publication No. WO2007/049275)


Overall 137 genes were identified to have a major impact on nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield (e.g., seed yield, oil yield, grain quantity and/or quality), growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency when expression thereof is increased in plants. The identified genes, their curated polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences, as well as their updated sequences according to GenBank database are summarized in Table 20, hereinbelow.









TABLE 20







Genes which affect nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate,


vigor, biomass, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency














Polyn.
Polyp.


Gene Name
Cluster Name
Organism
SEQ ID NO:
SEQ ID NO:














CT1
cotton|gb164|AI725990
cotton
1
138


CT11
cotton|gb164|AI725968
cotton
2
139


CT2
cotton|gb164|AI727334
cotton
3
140


CT20
cotton|gb164|AI726497
cotton
4
141


CT22
cotton|gb164|BG440027
cotton
5
142


CT27
cotton|gb164|AF336280
cotton
6
143


CT3
cotton|gb164|AI725456
cotton
7
144


CT40
cotton|gb164|BE052317
cotton
8
145


CT6
cotton|gb164|AI726479
cotton
9
146


CT7
cotton|gb164|AI727027
cotton
10
147


CT71
cotton|gb164|AI725508
cotton
11
148


CT74
cotton|gb164|AI725950
cotton
12
149


CT75
cotton|gb164|AI726599
cotton
13
150


CT76
cotton|gb164|AI726155
cotton
14
151


CT81
cotton|gb164|AI726693
cotton
15
152


CT82
cotton|gb164|BQ402794
cotton
16
153


MAB106
barley|gb157.2|AL450627
barley
17
154


MAB52
rice|gb157.2|AU070543
rice
18
155


MAB53
rice|gb157.2|BI805919
rice
19
156


NUE102
maize|gb170|AI974922
maize
20
157


NUE206

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960


arabidopsis

21
158


NUE208
tomato|gb164|BG124666
tomato
22
159


NUE209
tomato|gb164|BG134403
tomato
23
160


NUE210
tomato|gb157|TOMTRALTAB
tomato
24
161


NUE211
rice|gb157.2|AU174544
rice
25
162


NUE212
cotton|gb164|CO081293
cotton
26
163


NUE221
rice|gb157.2|BI305241
rice
27
164


NUE222

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G31820


arabidopsis

28
165


NUE223
rice|gb157.2|AW069985
rice
29
166


NUE224
rice|gb157.2|AW155063
rice
30
167


NUE225
rice|gb157.2|BE039221
rice
31
168


NUE227
rice|gb157.2|AU056888
rice
32
169


NUE228
rice|gb157.2|AA753730
rice
33
170


NUE229
maize|gb1641|AW455682
maize
34
171


NUE230
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
rice
35
172


NUE231
rice|gb157.2|AK108994
rice
36
173


NUE233
rice|gb157.2|CB640732
rice
37
174


NUE234
poplar|gb157.2|BU868634
poplar
38
175


NUE235
soybean|gb162|CA852963
soybean
39
176


NUE237
rice|gb157.2|BI811377
rice
40
177


NUE239
poplar|gb157.2|BU880014
poplar
41
178


NUE240
poplar|gb157.2|AJ407707
poplar
42
179


NUE241
tomato|gb164|BG129806
tomato
43
180


NUE242
tomato|gb164|BG791300
tomato
44
181


NUE244
soybean|gb162|CF808561
soybean
45
182


NUE245
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
rice
46
183


NUE246
grape|gb160|CF207859
grape
47
184


NUE248
maize|gb157|BG354535
maize
48
185


NUE249
rice|gb157.2|AU029933
rice
49
186


NUE250
rice|gb157.2|AK102239
rice
50
187


NUE251

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI947781


sorghum

51
188


NUE252

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G58030


arabidopsis

52
189


NUE253
rice|gb157.2|AF145730
rice
53
190


NUE254
maize|gb164|AI600563
maize
54
191


NUE255
rice|gb157.2|CB000630
rice
55
192


NUE256
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
wheat
56
193


NUE265
rice|gb157.2|BE039218
rice
57
194


NUE267

arabidopsis|gb165|AT5G60680


arabidopsis

58
195


NUE268
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
rice
59
196


NUE269
cotton|gb164|AI730085
cotton
60
197


NUE49
maize|gb154|AW037179
maize
61
198


NUE50
maize|gb164|AW287760
maize
62
199


NUE511
maize|gb157|AW360667
maize
63
200


NUE512

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT5G23460


arabidopsis

64
201


NUE513

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G26100


arabidopsis

65
202


NUE514
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
soybean
66
203


NUE515

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G44920


arabidopsis

67
204


NUE515

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G44920_P1


arabidopsis

67
266


NUE516

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210


arabidopsis

68
205


NUE519
wheat|gb164|BE445396
wheat
69
206


NUE520
rice|gb157.2|BI305493
rice
70
207


NUE521
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
rice
71
208


NUE523

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901439


sorghum

72
209


NUE525

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW052978


sorghum

73
210


NUE527

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW055409


sorghum

74
211


NUE528

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194


sorghum

75
212


NUE531
rice|gb157.2|BI805136
rice
76
213


NUE532
maize|gb164|AW054475
maize
77
214


NUE533
soybean|gb166|AW350050
soybean
78
215


NUE535

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE599042


sorghum

79
216


NUE536
maize|gb164|BQ279657
maize
80
217


NUE537
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408
barley
81
218


NUE538

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923729


sorghum

82
219


NUE539
rice|gb157.2|AW155216
rice
83
220


NUE540

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G13980


arabidopsis

84
221


NUE542

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G46280


arabidopsis

85
222


NUE543
rice|gb157.2|AK063415
rice
86
223


NUE544
cotton|gb164|BQ412384
cotton
87
224


NUE545
cotton|gb164|AI055737
cotton
88
225


NUE547

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BI139559


sorghum

89
226


NUE548

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657


sorghum

90
227


NUE549

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147


sorghum

91
228


NUE550
canola|gb161|EE559843
canola
92
229


NUE551
barley|gb157.3|BE420701
barley
93
230


NUE553
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
barley
94
231


NUE554

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880


sorghum

95
232


NUE560
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
rice
96
233


NUE562
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
rice
97
234


NUE563
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
rice
98
235


NUE564
maize|gb164|AI619269
maize
99
236


NUE565

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT5G15080


arabidopsis

100
237


NUE566

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G43700


arabidopsis

101
238


NUE567

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680


arabidopsis

102
239


NUE568

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G78450


arabidopsis

103
240


NUE569

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G03890


arabidopsis

104
241


NUE570

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G43910


arabidopsis

105
242


NUE571

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G47530


arabidopsis

106
243


NUE572

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240


arabidopsis

107
244


NUE573

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G15390


arabidopsis

108
245


NUE574
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
rice
109
246


NUE575
rice|gb157.2|AU068829
rice
110
247


NUE576
rice|gb157.2|AA752451
rice
111
248


NUE577

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G67800


arabidopsis

112
249


NUE578
wheat|gb164|BE401454
wheat
113
250


NUE579

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G70850


arabidopsis

114
251


NUE580

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G35880


arabidopsis

115
252


NUE581

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G12845


arabidopsis

116
253


NUE582

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303


sorghum

117
254


NUE583
rice|gb157.2|AU172665
rice
118
255


NUE584

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW923545


sorghum

119
256


NUE585

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G71900


arabidopsis

120
257


NUE586

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G72320


arabidopsis

121
258


NUE587

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW672541


sorghum

122
259


NUE588
rice|gb157.2|AA750816
rice
123
260


NUE590

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209


sorghum

124
261


NUE591

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BE123399


sorghum

125
262


NUE592

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901557


sorghum

126
263


NUE593

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G04066


arabidopsis

127
264


CT82
cotton|gb164|BQ402794_T1
cotton
128
153


NUE102
maize|gb164|AI974922_T1
maize
129
265


NUE211
rice|gb157.2|AU174544_T1
rice
130
162


NUE212
cotton|gb164|CO081293_T1
cotton
131
163


NUE269
cotton|gb164|AI730085_T1
cotton
132
197


NUE519
wheat|gb164|BE445396_T1
wheat
133
206


NUE535

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BE599042_T1


sorghum

134
267


NUE537
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408_T1
barley
135
218


NUE544
cotton|gb164|BQ412384_T1
cotton
136
268


NUE584

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923465_T1


sorghum

137
269





Table 20. Provided are polynucleotides (polyn.) and polypeptides (polyp.) which affect nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency of a plant.






Example 2
Identification of Homologues which Affect NUE, FUE, Yield, Growth Rate, Vigor, Biomass, Oil Content, ABST and WUE

The concepts of orthology and paralogy have been applied to functional characterizations and classifications on the scale of whole-genome comparisons. Orthologs and paralogs constitute two major types of homologs: The first evolved from a common ancestor by specialization, and the latter are related by duplication events. It is assumed that paralogs arising from ancient duplication events are likely to have diverged in function while true orthologs are more likely to retain identical function over evolutionary time.


To further investigate and identify putative ortholog genes of genes affecting nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield (e.g., seed yield, oil yield, biomass, grain quantity and/or quality), growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency (presented in Table 20, above) all sequences were aligned using the BLAST (/Basic Local Alignment Search Tool/). Sequences sufficiently similar were tentatively grouped. These putative orthologs were further organized under a Phylogram—a branching diagram (tree) assumed to be a representation of the evolutionary relationships among the biological taxa. Putative ortholog groups were analyzed as to their agreement with the phylogram and in cases of disagreements these ortholog groups were broken accordingly. Expression data was analyzed and the EST libraries were classified using a fixed vocabulary of custom terms such as developmental stages (e.g., genes showing similar expression profile through development with up regulation at specific stage, such as at the seed filling stage) and/or plant organ (e.g., genes showing similar expression profile across their organs with up regulation at specific organs such as root). The annotations from all the ESTs clustered to a gene were analyzed statistically by comparing their frequency in the cluster versus their abundance in the database, allowing the construction of a numeric and graphic expression profile of that gene, which is termed “digital expression”. The rationale of using these two complementary methods with methods of phenotypic association studies of QTLs, and phenotype expression correlation is based on the assumption that true orthologs are likely to retain identical function over evolutionary time. These methods provide different sets of indications on function similarities between two homologous genes, similarities in the sequence level—identical amino acids in the protein domains and similarity in expression profiles.


The search and identification of homologous genes involves the screening of sequence information available, for example, in public databases, which include but are not limited to the DNA Database of Japan (DDBJ), Genbank, and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory Nucleic Acid Sequence Database (EMBL) or versions thereof or the MIPS database. A number of different search algorithms have been developed, including but not limited to the suite of programs referred to as BLAST programs. There are five implementations of BLAST, three designed for nucleotide sequence queries (BLASTN, BLASTX, and TBLASTX) and two designed for protein sequence queries (BLASTP and TBLASTN) (Coulson, Trends in Biotechnology: 76-80, 1994; Birren et al., Genome Analysis, I: 543, 1997). Such methods involve alignment and comparison of sequences. The BLAST algorithm calculates percent sequence identity and performs a statistical analysis of the similarity between the two sequences. The software for performing BLAST analysis is publicly available through the National Centre for Biotechnology Information. Other such software or algorithms are GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA and TFASTA. GAP uses the algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch (J. Mol. Biol. 48: 443-453, 1970) to find the alignment of two complete sequences that maximizes the number of matches and minimizes the number of gaps.


The homologous genes may belong to the same gene family. The analysis of a gene family may be carried out using sequence similarity analysis. To perform this analysis one may use standard programs for multiple alignments e.g. Clustal W. A neighbor-joining tree of the proteins homologous to the genes of some embodiments of the invention may be used to provide an overview of structural and ancestral relationships. Sequence identity may be calculated using an alignment program as described above. It is expected that other plants will carry a similar functional gene (orthologue) or a family of similar genes and those genes will provide the same preferred phenotype as the genes presented here. Advantageously, these family members may be useful in the methods of some embodiments of the invention. Example of other plants include, but not limited to, barley (Hordeum vulgare), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), maize (Zea mays), cotton (Gossypium), Oilseed rape (Brassica napus), Rice (Oryza sativa), Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Soybean (Glycine max), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum).


The above-mentioned analyses for sequence homology is preferably carried out on a full-length sequence, but may also be based on a comparison of certain regions such as conserved domains. The identification of such domains would also be well within the realm of the person skilled in the art and would involve, for example, a computer readable format of the nucleic acids of some embodiments of the invention, the use of alignment software programs and the use of publicly available information on protein domains, conserved motifs and boxes. This information is available in the PRODOM (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) biochem (dot) ucl (dot) ac (dot) uk/bsm/dbbrowser/protocol/prodomqry (dot) html), PIR (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://pir (dot) Georgetown (dot) edu/) or Pfam (Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) sanger (dot) ac (dot) uk/Software/Pfam/) database. Sequence analysis programs designed for motif searching may be used for identification of fragments, regions and conserved domains as mentioned above. Preferred computer programs include, but are not limited to, MEME, SIGNALSCAN, and GENESCAN.


A person skilled in the art may use the homologous sequences provided herein to find similar sequences in other species and other organisms. Homologues of a protein encompass, peptides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, proteins and enzymes having amino acid substitutions, deletions and/or insertions relative to the unmodified protein in question and having similar biological and functional activity as the unmodified protein from which they are derived. To produce such homologues, amino acids of the protein may be replaced by other amino acids having similar properties (conservative changes, such as similar hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, antigenicity, propensity to form or break a-helical structures or 3-sheet structures). Conservative substitution Tables are well known in the art [see for example Creighton (1984) Proteins. W.H. Freeman and Company]. Homologues of a nucleic acid encompass nucleic acids having nucleotide substitutions, deletions and/or insertions relative to the unmodified nucleic acid in question and having similar biological and functional activity as the unmodified nucleic acid from which they are derived.


Table 21, hereinbelow, lists a summary of orthologous and homologous sequences of the polynucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOs:1-137) and polypeptide sequences (SEQ ID NOs:138-269) presented in Table 20, which were identified using BLAST (TBLASTN and BlastP programs) having at least 80% identity to the selected polypeptides and which are expected to posses the same role in NUE, ABST, FUE, WUE, biomass increment, growth rate increment, yield, vigor and/or oil content of plants.









TABLE 21







Homologues of the identified polynucleotides and polypeptides which affect nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency,


yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency of a plant


















Homol-





Polyn.



ogy to

%



SEQ ID


Polyp.
SEQ ID
Core cluster
global
Algo-


NO:
Cluster name
Organism
SEQ ID
NO:
name
identity
rithm

















270

cacao|gb167|CU484898


cacao

1334
138
cotton|gb164|AI725990
88.2
blastp


271
cotton|gb164|AI726705
cotton
1335
138
cotton|gb164|AI725990
86.9
blastp


272
almond|gb157.2|AY947462
almond
1336
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
85.7
blastp


273
apple|gb157.3|CO415932
apple
1337
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
83.5
blastp


274
bean|gb167|CA902463
bean
1338
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
87.9
blastp


275

cacao|gb167|CU519200


cacao

1339
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
95.5
blastp


276

citrus|gb166|CK936045


citrus

1340
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
92.4
blastp


277
cotton|gb164|AI728519
cotton
1341
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
90.7
blastp


278
grape|gb160|AF373604
grape
1342
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
86.2
blastp


279

lotus|gb157.2|AY770405


lotus

1343
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
85.7
blastp


280

medicago|gb157.2|BI311053


medicago

1344
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
87.4
blastp


281

papaya|gb165|GFXEU141966X1


papaya

1345
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
90.1
blastp


282
poplar|gb170|BU882889
poplar
1346
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
87.6
blastp


283
poplar|gb170|CV256507
poplar
1347
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
83.9
blastp


284

prunus|gb167|AJ825116


prunus

1348
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
85.2
blastp


285
soybean|gb168|BE659913
soybean
1349
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
87.4
blastp


286
soybean|gb168|BE659915
soybean
1350
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
85.2
blastp


287
spurge|gb161|DV143720
spurge
1351
139
cotton|gb164|AI725968
84.75
tblastn


288
cotton|gb164|AI726482
cotton
1352
140
cotton|gb164|AI727334
98.1
blastp


289

cacao|gb167|CU473257


cacao

1353
141
cotton|gb164|AI726497
87.4
blastp


290
cotton|gb164|BF272326
cotton
1354
141
cotton|gb164|AI726497
83.3
blastp


291
cotton|gb164|AI729672
cotton
1355
144
cotton|gb164|AI725456
83.7
blastp


292
cotton|gb164|CB350460
cotton
1356
145
cotton|gb164|BE052317
87.8
blastp


293
cotton|gb164|DV437946
cotton
1357
145
cotton|gb164|BE052317
87.8
blastp


294
cotton|gb164|AI726435
cotton
1358
146
cotton|gb164|AI726479
95.1
blastp


295

cacao|gb167|CF972823


cacao

1359
148
cotton|gb164|AI725508
81.4
blastp


296
cotton|gb164|AI725520
cotton
1360
148
cotton|gb164|AI725508
81.8
blastp


297
cotton|gb164|BE054381
cotton
1361
148
cotton|gb164|AI725508
85.4
blastp


298
cotton|gb164|AI726610
cotton
1362
149
cotton|gb164|AI725950
86.8
blastp


299
cotton|gb164|AI731567
cotton
1363
149
cotton|gb164|AI725950
96.4
blastp


300
cotton|gb164|AI726627
cotton
1364
150
cotton|gb164|AI726599
96.4
blastp


301

brachypodium|gb169|BE425417


brachypodium

1365
154
barley|gb157.2|AL450627
84.7
blastp


302

leymus|gb166|EG388830


leymus

1366
154
barley|gb157.2|AL450627
86.4
blastp


303

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF340314


pseudoroegneria

1367
154
barley|gb157.2|AL450627
89.4
blastp


304
wheat|gb164|BE429931
wheat
1368
154
barley|gb157.2|AL450627
89.4
blastp


305
switchgrass|gb167|DN142225
switchgrass
1369
156
rice|gb157.2|BI805919
82.5
blastp


306

brachypodium|gb169|BE425715


brachypodium

1370
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
85.2
blastp


306

brachypodium|gb169|BE425715


brachypodium

1370
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
81
blastp


307
maize|gb170|BG320615
maize
1371
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
92.1
blastp


307
maize|gb170|BG320615
maize
1371
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
86
blastp


308
maize|gb170|CF023721
maize
1372
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
89.1
blastp


308
maize|gb170|CF023721
maize
1372
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
87.5
blastp


309
maize|gb170|CF059393
maize
1373
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
87.6
blastp


309
maize|gb170|CF059393
maize
1373
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
86
blastp


310
maize|gb170|SRR014551S0286097
maize
1374
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
88.1
blastp


310
maize|gb170|SRR014551S0286097
maize
1374
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
85.1
blastp


311
rice|gb170|OS11G09020
rice
1375
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
83.56
tblastn


311
rice|gb170|OS11G09020
rice
1375
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
80.1
blastp


312
rice|gb170|OS12G08090
rice
1376
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
86
blastp


312
rice|gb170|OS12G08090
rice
1376
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
81.3
blastp


313
rice|gb170|OS12G08130
rice
1377
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
86.2
blastp


313
rice|gb170|OS12G08130
rice
1377
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
81.5
blastp


314

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE358811


sorghum

1378
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
95.6
blastp


314

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE358811


sorghum

1378
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
89.8
blastp


315

sorghum|gb161.crp|BG052599


sorghum

1379
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
89.1
blastp


315

sorghum|gb161.crp|BG052599


sorghum

1379
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
87.5
blastp


316

sorghum|gb161.crp|BG464355


sorghum

1380
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
91
blastp


316

sorghum|gb161.crp|BG464355


sorghum

1380
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
85.6
blastp


317

sorghum|gb161.crp|BG488442


sorghum

1381
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
89.1
blastp


317

sorghum|gb161.crp|BG488442


sorghum

1381
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
87.7
blastp


318

sorghum|gb161.crp|SBGWP027891


sorghum

1382
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
87.6
blastp


318

sorghum|gb161.crp|SBGWP027891


sorghum

1382
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
86
blastp


319
wheat|gb164|BI479031
wheat
1383
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
81.74
tblastn


319
wheat|gb164|BI479031
wheat
1383
157
maize|gb170|AI974922
80.33
tblastn


320
b_rapa|gb162|BG544047
b_rapa
1384
158

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960

87.5
blastp


321
b_rapa|gb162|EX087649
b_rapa
1385
158

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960

82.2
blastp


322
canola|gb161|DY020042
canola
1386
158

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960

86.8
blastp


323
radish|gb164|EV538867
radish
1387
158

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960

84.4
blastp


324
radish|gb164|EV544902
radish
1388
158

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960

85.1
blastp


325
radish|gb164|EX746928
radish
1389
158

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960

84.4
blastp


326
radish|gb164|EX748244
radish
1390
158

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960

83.9
blastp


327

thellungiella|gb167|BY812778


thellungiella

1391
158

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960

84.3
blastp


328
apple|gb157.3|CN876940
apple
1392
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
81.7
blastp


329
apple|gb157.3|CN944710
apple
1393
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
81.7
blastp


330
apricot|gb157.2|CB819340
apricot
1394
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
82.3
blastp


331
b_oleracea|gb161|AM057864
b_oleracea
1395
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80.6
blastp


332
b_rapa|gb162|EE527690
b_rapa
1396
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80.6
blastp


333

cacao|gb167|CU493876


cacao

1397
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80.3
blastp


334
canola|gb161|CD830518
canola
1398
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80
blastp


335
canola|gb161|CX279110
canola
1399
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80.6
blastp


336
cassava|gb164|DV454217
cassava
1400
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
82.3
blastp


337

catharanthus|gb166|EG557732


catharanthus

1401
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
81.1
blastp


338

citrus|gb166|CB290240


citrus

1402
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
83.4
blastp


339

coffea|gb157.2|DV694449


coffea

1403
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
83.4
blastp


340
cotton|gb164|AI727100
cotton
1404
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
83.7
blastp


341

cynara|gb167|GE589728


cynara

1405
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80
blastp


342

ipomoea|gb157.2|EE875432


ipomoea

1406
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
81.7
blastp


343
kiwi|gb166|FG405906
kiwi
1407
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
81.6
blastp


344
peach|gb157.2|BU044342
peach
1408
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
84
blastp


345
pepper|gb157.2|CA514905
pepper
1409
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
93.1
blastp


346
periwinkle|gb164|EG557732
periwinkle
1410
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
81.1
blastp


347

petunia|gb166|CV294973


petunia

1411
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
88.7
tblastn


348
poplar|gb170|BU867493
poplar
1412
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
85.2
blastp


349

prunus|gb167|BU044342


prunus

1413
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
84
blastp


350
safflower|gb162|EL399778
safflower
1414
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
81.71
tblastn


351
soybean|gb168|AL371264
soybean
1415
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
81.1
blastp


352
soybean|gb168|BE661867
soybean
1416
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80.6
blastp


353
spurge|gb161|DV121886
spurge
1417
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80.6
blastp


354
strawberry|gb164|DY670203
strawberry
1418
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
82.4
blastp


355
sunflower|gb162|EL460579
sunflower
1419
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80
tblastn


356

thellungiella|gb167|DN773683


thellungiella

1420
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
80.6
blastp


357
tobacco|gb162|EB445785
tobacco
1421
159
tomato|gb164|BG124666
90.9
blastp


358
potato|gb157.2|BG098579
potato
1422
160
tomato|gb164|BG134403
97.1
blastp


359
potato|gb157.2|CK246251
potato
1423
160
tomato|gb164|BG134403
96.7
blastp


360
potato|gb157.2|CK246610
potato
1424
160
tomato|gb164|BG134403
96
blastp


361

brachypodium|gb169|BF260689


brachypodium

1425
162
rice|gb157.2|AU174544
88.6
tblastn


362
maize|gb170|AI676864
maize
1426
162
rice|gb157.2|AU174544
86.9
blastp


363
rice|gb170|OS02G44980
rice
1427
162
rice|gb157.2|AU174544
80.6
blastp


364

sorghum|gb161.crp|BF704932


sorghum

1428
162
rice|gb157.2|AU174544
89
blastp


365
rice|gb170|OS12G38010
rice
1429
168
rice|gb157.2|BE039221
91.14
tblastn


366
rice|gb170|OS12G38270
rice
1430
168
rice|gb157.2|BE039221
81.2
blastp


367
rice|gb170|OS10G38040
rice
1431
169
rice|gb157.2|AU056888
98.1
blastp


368
maize|gb170|BQ528487
maize
1432
170
rice|gb157.2|AA753730
89.1
blastp


369

sorghum|gb161.crp|CD221960


sorghum

1433
170
rice|gb157.2|AA753730
87.1
blastp


370
switchgrass|gb167|DN149767
switchgrass
1434
170
rice|gb157.2|AA753730
86.7
blastp


371

sorghum|gb161.crp|SBGWP095487


sorghum

1435
171
maize|gb164|AW455682
89.3
blastp


372
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA172410
sugarcane
1436
171
maize|gb164|AW455682
89
blastp


373
switchgrass|gb167|DN144560
switchgrass
1437
171
maize|gb164|AW455682
85.2
blastp


374

brachypodium|gb169|BE404970


brachypodium

1438
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
88.7
blastp


375

cenchrus|gb166|EB654111


cenchrus

1439
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
87
blastp


376

leymus|gb166|EG400906


leymus

1440
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
83.6
blastp


377
maize|gb170|AW018173
maize
1441
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
90
blastp


378
maize|gb170|LLAI637139
maize
1442
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
88.9
blastp


379

sorghum|gb161.crp|AI783434


sorghum

1443
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
90.5
blastp


380
sugarcane|gb157.3|BU925706
sugarcane
1444
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
91.2
blastp


381
switchgrass|gb167|DN142209
switchgrass
1445
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
91
blastp


382
switchgrass|gb167|DN142636
switchgrass
1446
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
90.7
blastp


383
wheat|gb164|BE398863
wheat
1447
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
80.9
blastp


384
wheat|gb164|BE404970
wheat
1448
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
81.7
blastp


385
wheat|gb164|BE418290
wheat
1449
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861
82
blastp


386
maize|gb170|BM895695
maize
1450
173
rice|gb157.2|AK108994
84.5
blastp


387
rice|gb170|OS04G55740
rice
1451
173
rice|gb157.2|AK108994
94.7
blastp


388

sorghum|gb161.crp|BM895695


sorghum

1452
173
rice|gb157.2|AK108994
82.2
blastp


389

brachypodium|gb169|CA684980


brachypodium

1453
174
rice|gb157.2|CB640732
87.2
blastp


390
maize|gb170|AW562805
maize
1454
174
rice|gb157.2|CB640732
87.1
blastp


391

sorghum|gb161.crp|CD219694


sorghum

1455
174
rice|gb157.2|CB640732
87.7
blastp


392
soybean|gb168|AL366192
soybean
1456
174
rice|gb157.2|CB640732
80.38
tblastn


393
poplar|gb170|AI166596
poplar
1457
175
poplar|gb157.2|BU868634
88.2
blastp


394
castorbean|gb160|AJ605572
castorbean
1458
176
soybean|gb162|CA852963
81
blastp


395
chestnut|gb170|SRR006296S0014660
chestnut
1459
176
soybean|gb162|CA852963
80.08
tblastn


396

citrus|gb166|CK740163


citrus

1460
176
soybean|gb162|CA852963
80.08
tblastn


397
cowpea|gb166|FF394551
cowpea
1461
176
soybean|gb162|CA852963
90.7
blastp


398

medicago|gb157.2|AA660751


medicago

1462
176
soybean|gb162|CA852963
87.9
blastp


399
peanut|gb167|EH042453
peanut
1463
176
soybean|gb162|CA852963
88.66
tblastn


400
soybean|gb168|BU547671
soybean
1464
176
soybean|gb162|CA852963
97.2
blastp


401
barley|gb157.3|BE194421
barley
1465
177
rice|gb157.2|BI811377
81.5
blastp


402

brachypodium|gb169|BE424330


brachypodium

1466
177
rice|gb157.2|BI811377
82.4
blastp


403

leymus|gb166|EG376396


leymus

1467
177
rice|gb157.2|BI811377
81.8
blastp


404

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF349876


pseudoroegneria

1468
177
rice|gb157.2|BI811377
82.1
blastp


405
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA099115
sugarcane
1469
177
rice|gb157.2|BI811377
81
blastp


406
wheat|gb164|BE424330
wheat
1470
177
rice|gb157.2|BI811377
81.82
tblastn


407
wheat|gb164|BE516775
wheat
1471
177
rice|gb157.2|BI811377
82.1
blastp


408

antirrhinum|gb166|AJ560033


antirrhinum

1472
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


409

antirrhinum|gb166|AJ801252


antirrhinum

1473
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.3
blastp


410
apple|gb157.3|AU301287
apple
1474
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
86.9
blastp


411
apple|gb157.3|CN488989
apple
1475
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


412
apple|gb157.3|CN864173
apple
1476
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


413
apple|gb157.3|CN869339
apple
1477
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
87.4
blastp


414

aquilegia|gb157.3|DR939874


aquilegia

1478
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


415

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G04750


arabidopsis

1479
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


416

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G33120


arabidopsis

1480
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


417

artemisia|gb164|EY060063


artemisia

1481
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


418

artemisia|gb164|EY073689


artemisia

1482
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


419
avocado|gb164|CK762777
avocado
1483
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


420
avocado|gb164|CV461025
avocado
1484
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.6
blastp


421
b_oleracea|gb161|AM386735
b_oleracea
1485
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.6
blastp


422
b_oleracea|gb161|CB617574
b_oleracea
1486
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.6
blastp


423
b_rapa|gb162|CA992099
b_rapa
1487
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.2
blastp


424
b_rapa|gb162|CV544695
b_rapa
1488
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


425
b_rapa|gb162|DN961220
b_rapa
1489
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.1
blastp


426
b_rapa|gb162|DY008890
b_rapa
1490
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


427
b_rapa|gb162|EX034829
b_rapa
1491
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.6
blastp


428
banana|gb167|FF558354
banana
1492
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.4
blastp


429
banana|gb167|FL658702
banana
1493
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


430
barley|gb157.3|BE413339
barley
1494
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.8
blastp


431

basilicum|gb157.3|DY343103


basilicum

1495
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.1
blastp


432
bean|gb167|CA898578
bean
1496
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


433
bean|gb167|CA899486
bean
1497
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
87.2
blastp


434
bean|gb167|CA907867
bean
1498
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
87.4
blastp


435

brachypodium|gb169|BE417694


brachypodium

1499
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.2
blastp


436

cacao|gb167|CA798042


cacao

1500
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.3
blastp


437

cacao|gb167|CU474349


cacao

1501
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
90.5
blastp


438

cacao|gb167|CU478046


cacao

1502
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.1
blastp


439
canola|gb161|CD816574
canola
1503
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


440
canola|gb161|CD818619
canola
1504
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.2
blastp


441
canola|gb161|CD826636
canola
1505
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


442
canola|gb161|CD841484
canola
1506
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


443
canola|gb161|CN734885
canola
1507
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


444
canola|gb161|DW998530
canola
1508
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.1
blastp


445
canola|gb161|DY028580
canola
1509
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.5
blastp


446
canola|gb161|EE483345
canola
1510
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.2
blastp


447
cassava|gb164|BM259789
cassava
1511
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.2
blastp


448
cassava|gb164|CK645968
cassava
1512
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


449
cassava|gb164|DV446794
cassava
1513
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


450
castorbean|gb160|EE255473
castorbean
1514
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


451
castorbean|gb160|EE255572
castorbean
1515
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.1
blastp


452
castorbean|gb160|EE259993
castorbean
1516
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
86
blastp


453

centaurea|gb166|EH728993


centaurea

1517
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.3
blastp


454

centaurea|gb166|EH737653


centaurea

1518
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.33
tblastn


455

centaurea|gb166|EH743515


centaurea

1519
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


456

centaurea|gb166|EH747496


centaurea

1520
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


457
chestnut|gb170|SRR006295S0000799
chestnut
1521
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


458
chestnut|gb170|SRR006295S0000895
chestnut
1522
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.7
blastp


459

cichorium|gb166|DT212405


cichorium

1523
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.33
tblastn


460

cichorium|gb166|DT212482


cichorium

1524
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


461

cichorium|gb166|EH686887


cichorium

1525
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.88
tblastn


462

citrus|gb166|BE205677


citrus

1526
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
88.3
blastp


463

citrus|gb166|CB290704


citrus

1527
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.3
blastp


464

citrus|gb166|CF830698


citrus

1528
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


465

coffea|gb157.2|CF588660


coffea

1529
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


466

coffea|gb157.2|DV665256


coffea

1530
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.5
blastp


467
cotton|gb164|AI055143
cotton
1531
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


468
cotton|gb164|AI726538
cotton
1532
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.43
tblastn


469
cotton|gb164|BF268281
cotton
1533
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
88.3
blastp


470
cotton|gb164|BF270800
cotton
1534
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.1
blastp


471
cotton|gb164|BF274309
cotton
1535
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
88.8
blastp


472
cowpea|gb166|FF382703
cowpea
1536
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.2
blastp


473
cowpea|gb166|FF385500
cowpea
1537
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
87.4
blastp


474
cowpea|gb166|FF388694
cowpea
1538
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
88
blastp


475

cycas|gb166|CB090084


cycas

1539
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.6
blastp


476

cynara|gb167|GE583641


cynara

1540
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.98
tblastn


477

cynara|gb167|GE586008


cynara

1541
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.18
tblastn


478
dandelion|gb161|DY820375
dandelion
1542
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.23
tblastn


479
dandelion|gb161|DY822153
dandelion
1543
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.1
blastp


480
fescue|gb161|DT686644
fescue
1544
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


481
ginger|gb164|DY354490
ginger
1545
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


482
ginger|gb164|DY357009
ginger
1546
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.53
tblastn


483
grape|gb160|BQ797249
grape
1547
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.2
blastp


484
grape|gb160|CA814878
grape
1548
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.4
blastp


485
grape|gb160|CB009359
grape
1549
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


486

ipomoea|gb157.2|BJ554498


ipomoea

1550
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
90.1
blastp


487

ipomoea|gb157.2|BJ555833


ipomoea

1551
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
89.6
blastp


488

ipomoea|gb157.2|BJ565525


ipomoea

1552
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
89.6
blastp


489

ipomoea|gb157.2|DQ016990


ipomoea

1553
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


490
kiwi|gb166|FG428824
kiwi
1554
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


491
lettuce|gb157.2|DW046480
lettuce
1555
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.1
blastp


492
lettuce|gb157.2|DW051770
lettuce
1556
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.6
blastp


493
lettuce|gb157.2|DW054433
lettuce
1557
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


494
lettuce|gb157.2|DW104005
lettuce
1558
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


495
lettuce|gb157.2|DW148893
lettuce
1559
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


496

liriodendron|gb166|CK761427


liriodendron

1560
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.1
blastp


497
lovegrass|gb167|EH189433
lovegrass
1561
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


498
maize|gb170|AI621444
maize
1562
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83
blastp


499
maize|gb170|AI901672
maize
1563
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


500

medicago|gb157.2|AL371369


medicago

1564
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.3
blastp


501

medicago|gb157.2|AW127543


medicago

1565
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.3
blastp


502

medicago|gb157.2|AW329342


medicago

1566
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


503
melon|gb165|AM743036
melon
1567
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


504
melon|gb165|DV633620
melon
1568
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.6
blastp


505

nuphar|gb166|ES730054


nuphar

1569
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.2
blastp


506
oak|gb170|CU639508
oak
1570
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.7
blastp


507
oak|gb170|SRR006307S0008904
oak
1571
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


508
oil_palm|gb166|CN599846
oil_palm
1572
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


509
onion|gb162|CF440003
onion
1573
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.43
tblastn


510

papaya|gb165|AM904122


papaya

1574
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.2
blastp


511

papaya|gb165|EX245134


papaya

1575
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


512
peach|gb157.2|BU040787
peach
1576
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
88.7
blastp


513
peach|gb157.2|BU048627
peach
1577
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.53
tblastn


514
peanut|gb167|EH042957
peanut
1578
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
88.4
blastp


515
peanut|gb167|EH044861
peanut
1579
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83
blastp


516
pepper|gb157.2|CA520584
pepper
1580
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


517

petunia|gb166|CV296853


petunia

1581
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


518
pineapple|gb157.2|DT337519
pineapple
1582
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.3
blastp


519
poplar|gb170|AI166018
poplar
1583
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
86.9
blastp


520
poplar|gb170|BI120322
poplar
1584
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


521
poplar|gb170|BI128184
poplar
1585
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.1
blastp


522
poplar|gb170|BU818354
poplar
1586
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
87.8
blastp


523
poplar|gb170|CB240411
poplar
1587
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.1
blastp


524
potato|gb157.2|BG590329
potato
1588
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.3
blastp


525
potato|gb157.2|BG886984
potato
1589
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


526
potato|gb157.2|BI406651
potato
1590
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
100
blastp


527

prunus|gb167|BU040787


prunus

1591
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
88.7
blastp


528

prunus|gb167|BU048627


prunus

1592
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.6
blastp


529

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF341379


pseudoroegneria

1593
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.2
blastp


530
radish|gb164|EV527352
radish
1594
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.5
blastp


531
radish|gb164|EV528724
radish
1595
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


532
radish|gb164|EV532638
radish
1596
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


533
radish|gb164|EV535212
radish
1597
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.5
blastp


534
radish|gb164|EV544241
radish
1598
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


535
radish|gb164|EV549527
radish
1599
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.98
tblastn


536
radish|gb164|EV567707
radish
1600
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


537
radish|gb164|EW724564
radish
1601
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82
blastp


538
radish|gb164|EX755021
radish
1602
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.7
blastp


539
rice|gb170|OS03G58840
rice
1603
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


540
rice|gb170|OS07G09600
rice
1604
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


541
safflower|gb162|EL373980
safflower
1605
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


542
safflower|gb162|EL381462
safflower
1606
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


543
safflower|gb162|EL389501
safflower
1607
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


544
safflower|gb162|EL404279
safflower
1608
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


545

senecio|gb170|DY663178


senecio

1609
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.08
tblastn


546

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW282206


sorghum

1610
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


547

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW565015


sorghum

1611
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83
blastp


548
soybean|gb168|AL371369
soybean
1612
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
87.8
blastp


549
soybean|gb168|AL371370
soybean
1613
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
87.6
blastp


550
soybean|gb168|AL374552
soybean
1614
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
87.4
blastp


551
soybean|gb168|AL384290
soybean
1615
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
86.7
blastp


552
soybean|gb168|BE658783
soybean
1616
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


553
soybean|gb168|BE660085
soybean
1617
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.1
blastp


554
spurge|gb161|DV113185
spurge
1618
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


555
spurge|gb161|DV115533
spurge
1619
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
86.5
blastp


556
spurge|gb161|DV129528
spurge
1620
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


557
strawberry|gb164|CO380944
strawberry
1621
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
87.4
blastp


558
strawberry|gb164|DY667942
strawberry
1622
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


559
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA066679
sugarcane
1623
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.53
tblastn


560
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA070863
sugarcane
1624
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83
blastp


561
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA073069
sugarcane
1625
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.5
blastp


562
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA098212
sugarcane
1626
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.1
blastp


563
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA105955
sugarcane
1627
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83
blastp


564
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA125341
sugarcane
1628
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83
blastp


565
sunflower|gb162|CD848438
sunflower
1629
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


566
sunflower|gb162|CD855829
sunflower
1630
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


567
sunflower|gb162|DY909391
sunflower
1631
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


568
sunflower|gb162|EL423569
sunflower
1632
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.3
blastp


569
sunflower|gb162|EL429220
sunflower
1633
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.1
blastp


570
switchgrass|gb167|DN143573
switchgrass
1634
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


571
switchgrass|gb167|DN151435
switchgrass
1635
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


572
switchgrass|gb167|FE607763
switchgrass
1636
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83
blastp


573
switchgrass|gb167|FE624609
switchgrass
1637
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.2
blastp


574

thellungiella|gb167|BY802757


thellungiella

1638
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.5
blastp


575
tobacco|gb162|DV157924
tobacco
1639
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.4
blastp


576
tobacco|gb162|EB426444
tobacco
1640
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
96.4
tblastn


577
tobacco|gb162|EB426574
tobacco
1641
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.7
blastp


578
tobacco|gb162|EB677916
tobacco
1642
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
94.1
blastp


579
tomato|gb164|BG135003
tomato
1643
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
84.2
blastp


580
tomato|gb164|BG629456
tomato
1644
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.9
blastp


581

triphysaria|gb164|DR172719


triphysaria

1645
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
82.3
blastp


582

triphysaria|gb164|EY126667


triphysaria

1646
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


583

triphysaria|gb164|EY128979


triphysaria

1647
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
83.8
blastp


584
walnuts|gb166|CV198306
walnuts
1648
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
85.7
blastp


585
wheat|gb164|BE400499
wheat
1649
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.8
blastp


586
wheat|gb164|BE417694
wheat
1650
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.2
blastp


587
wheat|gb164|CA595472
wheat
1651
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
81.2
blastp


588

zamia|gb166|FD768487


zamia

1652
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806
80.2
blastp


589
barley|gb157.3|AL450674
barley
1653
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
85.7
blastp


590

brachypodium|gb169|BE424284


brachypodium

1654
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
83.4
blastp


591
fescue|gb161|DT675288
fescue
1655
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
85.4
blastp


592

leymus|gb166|CN466264


leymus

1656
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
84.6
blastp


593
maize|gb170|AI438809
maize
1657
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
84.4
blastp


594
maize|gb170|AI977870
maize
1658
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
82.8
blastp


595
maize|gb170|LLDQ245361
maize
1659
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
85.7
blastp


596

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF341007


pseudoroegneria

1660
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
85.7
blastp


597
rye|gb164|BE586725
rye
1661
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
85.7
blastp


598

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW565030


sorghum

1662
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
82.9
blastp


599
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA084082
sugarcane
1663
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
83.1
blastp


600
switchgrass|gb167|DN142592
switchgrass
1664
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
86.4
blastp


601
switchgrass|gb167|DN145453
switchgrass
1665
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
85
blastp


602
wheat|gb164|BE424284
wheat
1666
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
85.7
blastp


603
wheat|gb164|BE498139
wheat
1667
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
85.3
blastp


604
wheat|gb164|BF200880
wheat
1668
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
85.1
blastp


605
wheat|gb164|CA620728
wheat
1669
183
rice|gb157.2|AT003383
81.67
tblastn


606

brachypodium|gb169|AJ476542


brachypodium

1670
185
maize|gb157|BG354535
91
blastp


607

leymus|gb166|EG388555


leymus

1671
185
maize|gb157|BG354535
88.3
blastp


608

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF346414


pseudoroegneria

1672
185
maize|gb157|BG354535
88.9
blastp


609
rice|gb170|OS01G51190
rice
1673
185
maize|gb157|BG354535
91.57
tblastn


610

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW283867


sorghum

1674
185
maize|gb157|BG354535
98.8
blastp


611
wheat|gb164|AL820971
wheat
1675
185
maize|gb157|BG354535
88.3
blastp


612
maize|gb170|BI388811
maize
1676
186
rice|gb157.2|AU029933
82.8
blastp


613

sorghum|gb161.crp|DR807282


sorghum

1677
186
rice|gb157.2|AU029933
82
blastp


614
rice|gb170|OS01G65169
rice
1678
187
rice|gb157.2|AK102239
82.5
blastp


615

brachypodium|gb169|BE421953


brachypodium

1679
188

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI947781

81.97
tblastn


616
maize|gb170|AI947781
maize
1680
188

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI947781

95.8
blastp


617
rice|gb170|OS01G65100
rice
1681
188

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI947781

87
blastp


618
switchgrass|gb167|DN144961
switchgrass
1682
188

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI947781

90.2
tblastn


619
canola|gb161|EE417585
canola
1683
189

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G58030

89
blastp


620
radish|gb164|EV566943
radish
1684
189

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G58030

89.47
tblastn


621
barley|gb157.3|BE412663
barley
1685
191
maize|gb164|AI600563
84.2
blastp


622

brachypodium|gb169|BE407009


brachypodium

1686
191
maize|gb164|AI600563
88.6
blastp


623
rice|gb170|OS04G56290
rice
1687
191
maize|gb164|AI600563
88.1
blastp


624

sorghum|gb161.crp|AI622153


sorghum

1688
191
maize|gb164|AI600563
95.3
blastp


625
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA067412
sugarcane
1689
191
maize|gb164|AI600563
95
blastp


626
switchgrass|gb167|DN150103
switchgrass
1690
191
maize|gb164|AI600563
93.5
blastp


627
wheat|gb164|BE407009
wheat
1691
191
maize|gb164|AI600563
87.5
blastp


628
rice|gb170|OS01G03530
rice
1692
192
rice|gb157.2|CB000630
99.8
blastp


629
barley|gb157.3|BF066082
barley
1693
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
88.03
tblastn


630
barley|gb157.3|HVU08135
barley
1694
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
81.7
blastp


631

brachypodium|gb169|HVU08135


brachypodium

1695
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
91.1
blastp


632
fescue|gb161|DT682842
fescue
1696
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
86.5
blastp


633

leymus|gb166|CD808858


leymus

1697
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
97.4
blastp


634
maize|gb170|AI491463
maize
1698
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
84.3
blastp


635
maize|gb170|AI601031
maize
1699
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
84.9
blastp


636

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF347239


pseudoroegneria

1700
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
98.3
blastp


637
rice|gb170|OS03G56670
rice
1701
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
85
blastp


638
rye|gb164|BE636806
rye
1702
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
84
blastp


639

sorghum|gb161.crp|AI861201


sorghum

1703
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
85.4
blastp


640
switchgrass|gb167|DN144671
switchgrass
1704
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
84.4
blastp


641
wheat|gb164|BE213564
wheat
1705
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
91.5
blastp


642
wheat|gb164|BE216912
wheat
1706
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
89.8
blastp


643
wheat|gb164|BE415875
wheat
1707
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
93.5
blastp


644
wheat|gb164|CK217408
wheat
1708
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
83.12
tblastn


645
wheat|gb164|DR737269
wheat
1709
193
wheat|gb154|TG_BE216912
82.25
tblastn


646

leymus|gb166|EG400892


leymus

1710
194
rice|gb157.2|BE039218
81.9
blastp


647
b_oleracea|gb161|AM059989
b_oleracea
1711
195

arabidopsis|gb165|AT5G60680

80.6
blastp


648
canola|gb161|DW997913
canola
1712
195

arabidopsis|gb165|AT5G60680

81.2
blastp


649
bean|gb167|CA898406
bean
1713
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80.5
blastp


650

cacao|gb167|CU469591


cacao

1714
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80.6
blastp


651
cassava|gb164|CK641441
cassava
1715
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80.9
blastp


652
castorbean|gb160|T15009
castorbean
1716
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80.2
blastp


653
cowpea|gb166|FC457559
cowpea
1717
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80.2
blastp


654
cowpea|gb166|FC461906
cowpea
1718
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80.3
blastp


655
maize|gb170|W21620
maize
1719
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
87.6
blastp


656
oil_palm|gb166|CN601354
oil_palm
1720
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
81.1
blastp


657

papaya|gb165|EX264224


papaya

1721
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80
blastp


658
pineapple|gb157.2|CO730751
pineapple
1722
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
81.6
blastp


659

sorghum|gb161.crp|W21620


sorghum

1723
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
87.4
blastp


660
soybean|gb168|AL373484
soybean
1724
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80.9
blastp


661
soybean|gb168|AW348141
soybean
1725
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80.4
blastp


662
soybean|gb168|AW587090
soybean
1726
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
80.4
blastp


663
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ535675
sugarcane
1727
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
86.8
blastp


664
switchgrass|gb167|DN140694
switchgrass
1728
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
86.1
blastp


665
switchgrass|gb167|DN141888
switchgrass
1729
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
85.8
blastp


666
switchgrass|gb167|FE603746
switchgrass
1730
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934
85.3
blastp


667
maize|gb170|BE129570
maize
1731
198
maize|gb154|AW037179
96.1
blastp


668
maize|gb170|BI478834
maize
1732
198
maize|gb154|AW037179
92.9
blastp


669
rice|gb170|OS02G54730
rice
1733
198
maize|gb154|AW037179
81.4
blastp


670

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE129570


sorghum

1734
198
maize|gb154|AW037179
91.8
blastp


671

sorghum|gb161.crp|CD231473


sorghum

1735
199
maize|gb164|AW287760
81.98
tblastn


672
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA089926
sugarcane
1736
199
maize|gb164|AW287760
88.56
tblastn


673
switchgrass|gb167|FL699406
switchgrass
1737
199
maize|gb164|AW287760
85.3
blastp


674
switchgrass|gb167|FL727557
switchgrass
1738
199
maize|gb164|AW287760
81.9
blastp


675

sorghum|gb161.crp|BF480947


sorghum

1739
200
maize|gb157|AW360667
96.1
blastp


676
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA069365
sugarcane
1740
200
maize|gb157|AW360667
97.2
blastp


677
apple|gb157.3|CN873722
apple
1741
202

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G26100

80.26
tblastn


678
chestnut|gb170|SRR006295S0001486
chestnut
1742
202

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G26100

82.2
blastp


679
cotton|gb164|AI728964
cotton
1743
202

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G26100

80.3
blastp


680
grape|gb160|CB004507
grape
1744
202

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G26100

80.3
blastp


681

papaya|gb165|EX243430


papaya

1745
202

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G26100

82.8
blastp


682
poplar|gb170|AI165788
poplar
1746
202

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G26100

80.26
tblastn


683
poplar|gb170|BI071804
poplar
1747
202

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G26100

80.75
tblastn


684
bean|gb167|CV538336
bean
1748
203
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
80.83
tblastn


685
bean|gb167|PVU72768
bean
1749
203
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
85.8
blastp


686
clover|gb162|BB932705
clover
1750
203
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
83.3
blastp


687
cowpea|gb166|FC457443
cowpea
1751
203
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
87.92
tblastn


688

medicago|gb157.2|AL366760


medicago

1752
203
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
84.7
blastp


689

medicago|gb157.2|AW328889


medicago

1753
203
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
80.52
tblastn


690

medicago|gb157.2|AW329415


medicago

1754
203
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
83.67
tblastn


691

medicago|gb157.2|AW329734


medicago

1755
203
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
85.11
tblastn


692
soybean|gb168|S44202
soybean
1756
203
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR
95.7
blastp


693
b_rapa|gb162|CV544929
b_rapa
1757
266

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G44920

80.38
tblastn


693
b_rapa|gb162|CV544929
b_rapa
1757
204

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G44920

80.15
tblastn


694
radish|gb164|EV525414
radish
1758
266

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G44920

81.3
blastp


694
radish|gb164|EV525414
radish
1758
204

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G44920

80.7
blastp


695

thellungiella|gb167|DN777579


thellungiella

1759
266

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G44920

81.7
blastp


695

thellungiella|gb167|DN777579


thellungiella

1759
204

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G44920

81.1
blastp


696

arabidopsis|gb165|AT3G17410


arabidopsis

1760
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

87.1
blastp


697
b_oleracea|gb161|AM385784
b_oleracea
1761
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

87.4
blastp


698
b_rapa|gb162|DN962030
b_rapa
1762
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

83.52
tblastn


699
b_rapa|gb162|EX020680
b_rapa
1763
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

85.4
blastp


700
b_rapa|gb162|EX025892
b_rapa
1764
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

85.99
tblastn


701
canola|gb161|CX278279
canola
1765
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

86.3
blastp


702
canola|gb161|EG021170
canola
1766
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

83.79
tblastn


703
radish|gb164|EV525080
radish
1767
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

87.6
blastp


704
radish|gb164|EV543636
radish
1768
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

85.4
blastp


705
radish|gb164|EY895533
radish
1769
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

84.7
blastp


706

thellungiella|gb167|DN774052


thellungiella

1770
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210

87.4
blastp


707
wheat|gb164|AL822688
wheat
1771
206
wheat|gb164|BE445396
92.9
blastp


708
wheat|gb164|CD869154
wheat
1772
206
wheat|gb164|BE445396
92.9
blastp


709
banana|gb167|ES432415
banana
1773
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
85.3
blastp


710
barley|gb157.3|BI948762
barley
1774
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
81.5
blastp


711
barley|gb157.3|BJ453298
barley
1775
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
94.2
blastp


712

citrus|gb166|CF419725


citrus

1776
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
80.8
blastp


713
cotton|gb164|BF277609
cotton
1777
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
81.5
blastp


714
fescue|gb161|CK801460
fescue
1778
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
91.1
blastp


715
maize|gb170|AI619081
maize
1779
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
97.7
blastp


716
maize|gb170|AW216176
maize
1780
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
87.8
blastp


717
maize|gb170|BG841543
maize
1781
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
97.7
blastp


718
maize|gb170|H89383
maize
1782
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
86.9
blastp


719
onion|gb162|CF447150
onion
1783
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
80
blastp


720

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF343595


pseudoroegneria

1784
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
94.2
blastp


721
rice|gb170|OS05G36110
rice
1785
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
86.2
blastp


722

sorghum|gb161.crp|AI783327


sorghum

1786
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
96.5
blastp


723

sorghum|gb161.crp|H89383


sorghum

1787
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
87.9
blastp


724
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ479039
sugarcane
1788
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
98.1
blastp


725
switchgrass|gb167|DN144476
switchgrass
1789
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
96.9
blastp


726
switchgrass|gb167|FE642599
switchgrass
1790
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
87.5
blastp


727
wheat|gb164|BG909438
wheat
1791
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
93.4
blastp


728
wheat|gb164|CA497850
wheat
1792
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
81.9
blastp


729
wheat|gb164|CA658427
wheat
1793
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950
94.2
blastp


730

cenchrus|gb166|EB654920


cenchrus

1794
209

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901439

82.2
blastp


731
maize|gb170|AI855209
maize
1795
209

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901439

89.4
blastp


732
sugarcane|gb157.3|BU102825
sugarcane
1796
209

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901439

96.2
blastp


733
switchgrass|gb167|DN146789
switchgrass
1797
209

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901439

81.2
blastp


734
maize|gb170|AI944302
maize
1798
210

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW052978

93.5
blastp


735
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ534346
sugarcane
1799
210

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW052978

93.5
blastp


736
switchgrass|gb167|FL722616
switchgrass
1800
210

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW052978

86.1
blastp


737
barley|gb157.3|BE413281
barley
1801
211

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW055409

88.3
blastp


738

leymus|gb166|EG382167


leymus

1802
211

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW055409

88.5
blastp


739
maize|gb170|AI855325
maize
1803
211

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW055409

93.5
blastp


740
rice|gb170|OS01G09010
rice
1804
211

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW055409

88.8
blastp


741
switchgrass|gb167|DN145994
switchgrass
1805
211

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW055409

93
blastp


742
wheat|gb164|BE414789
wheat
1806
211

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW055409

88.5
blastp


743
barley|gb157.3|BE437905
barley
1807
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194

82.43
tblastn


744

brachypodium|gb169|BE437905


brachypodium

1808
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194

80.2
blastp


745

leymus|gb166|EG394243


leymus

1809
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194

80.4
blastp


746
maize|gb170|BG320821
maize
1810
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194

94.5
blastp


747
maize|gb170|LLT23330
maize
1811
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194

96.2
blastp


748
rice|gb170|OS08G45240
rice
1812
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194

82.2
blastp


749
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA073529
sugarcane
1813
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194

97.9
blastp


750
switchgrass|gb167|DN145055
switchgrass
1814
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194

94.9
blastp


751
wheat|gb164|BE404004
wheat
1815
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194

81.59
tblastn


752
maize|gb170|AI939746
maize
1816
213
rice|gb157.2|BI805136
80
blastp


753
rice|gb170|OS08G44840
rice
1817
213
rice|gb157.2|BI805136
99.8
blastp


754
wheat|gb164|BE400051
wheat
1818
213
rice|gb157.2|BI805136
80.54
tblastn


755
barley|gb157.3|AL506838
barley
1819
214
maize|gb164|AW054475
86.9
blastp


756

brachypodium|gb169|BE406703


brachypodium

1820
214
maize|gb164|AW054475
90.9
blastp


757
rice|gb170|OS01G13730
rice
1821
214
maize|gb164|AW054475
92.7
blastp


758

sorghum|gb161.crp|AI739896


sorghum

1822
214
maize|gb164|AW054475
97.8
blastp


759
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ479038
sugarcane
1823
214
maize|gb164|AW054475
97.8
blastp


760
switchgrass|gb167|FE622691
switchgrass
1824
214
maize|gb164|AW054475
95.1
blastp


761
wheat|gb164|BE406703
wheat
1825
214
maize|gb164|AW054475
86.7
blastp


762
apple|gb157.3|AU301405
apple
1826
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
93.1
blastp


763

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G27600


arabidopsis

1827
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
91
blastp


764
b_rapa|gb162|CV546524
b_rapa
1828
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.6
blastp


765
b_rapa|gb162|Eχ019335
b_rapa
1829
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
89.9
blastp


766
barley|gb157.3|BE438944
barley
1830
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
87.5
blastp


767

basilicum|gb157.3|DY330212


basilicum

1831
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
88
blastp


768
bean|gb167|CA896847
bean
1832
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
98.4
blastp


769

brachypodium|gb169|BE405668


brachypodium

1833
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
87.9
blastp


770

cacao|gb167|CA794307


cacao

1834
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
93.1
blastp


771
canola|gb161|CD814779
canola
1835
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
88.7
blastp


772
canola|gb161|DY024749
canola
1836
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.8
blastp


773
castorbean|gb160|EG661556
castorbean
1837
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
93.1
blastp


774
chestnut|gb170|SRR006295S0002595
chestnut
1838
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
92.9
blastp


775

citrus|gb166|CF830344


citrus

1839
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
93.8
blastp


776
cotton|gb164|AI726326
cotton
1840
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
94
blastp


777
cotton|gb164|AI729650
cotton
1841
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
91.5
blastp


778
cotton|gb164|AI731487
cotton
1842
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
89.5
blastp


779
cotton|gb164|AI731657
cotton
1843
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
92.2
blastp


780
cowpea|gb166|FF395986
cowpea
1844
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
94.2
blastp


781
iceplant|gb164|AF165422
iceplant
1845
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
91.3
blastp


782
lettuce|gb157.2|DW049083
lettuce
1846
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.8
blastp


783
lettuce|gb157.2|DW059917
lettuce
1847
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
83.9
blastp


784
maize|gb170|AI615072
maize
1848
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
89.9
blastp


785
maize|gb170|AI714627
maize
1849
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
89.7
blastp


786

medicago|gb157.2|AW329426


medicago

1850
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
91.94
tblastn


787
pine|gb157.2|AF751019
pine
1851
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
88.2
blastp


788
pine|gb157.2|BE643751
pine
1852
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
86.8
blastp


789
poplar|gb170|AI166646
poplar
1853
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
91.7
blastp


790
poplar|gb170|BI069748
poplar
1854
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.8
blastp


791
poplar|gb170|BI070062
poplar
1855
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
81.7
blastp


792
poplar|gb170|CN549423
poplar
1856
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
81.6
blastp


793
potato|gb157.2|BG096555
potato
1857
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
87.4
blastp


794
potato|gb157.2|BI177056
potato
1858
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.8
blastp


795
rice|gb170|OS01G04814
rice
1859
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.8
blastp


796

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE366383


sorghum

1860
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.6
blastp


797
soybean|gb168|AW329426
soybean
1861
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
94
blastp


798
soybean|gb168|AW719488
soybean
1862
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
94
blastp


799
soybean|gb168|AW719867
soybean
1863
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
97.5
blastp


800
spikemoss|gb165|FE429017
spikemoss
1864
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
85.3
blastp


801
spruce|gb162|CO217587
spruce
1865
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
88.2
blastp


802
strawberry|gb164|CO816822
strawberry
1866
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
92.4
blastp


803
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ533539
sugarcane
1867
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.6
blastp


804
sunflower|gb162|CD849902
sunflower
1868
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.57
tblastn


805
sunflower|gb162|DY927633
sunflower
1869
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
82.3
blastp


806
switchgrass|gb167|DN142133
switchgrass
1870
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.3
blastp


807
tomato|gb164|AI637361
tomato
1871
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.6
blastp


808
tomato|gb164|BE459090
tomato
1872
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
87.2
blastp


809

triphysaria|gb164|DR175699


triphysaria

1873
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
90.3
blastp


810
wheat|gb164|BE405903
wheat
1874
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050
87.9
blastp


811
maize|gb170|BG316566
maize
1875
267

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BE599042

98.87
tblastn


811
maize|gb170|BG316566
maize
1875
216

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE599042

96.8
blastp


812
rice|gb170|OS11G10420
rice
1876
267

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BE599042

93.57
tblastn


812
rice|gb170|OS11G10420
rice
1876
216

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE599042

88
blastp


813

aquilegia|gb157.3|DR921243


aquilegia

1877
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
80.7
blastp


814
avocado|gb164|CK766314
avocado
1878
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
80.5
blastp


815

brachypodium|gb169|BE492967


brachypodium

1879
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
85.7
blastp


815

brachypodium|gb169|BE492967


brachypodium

1879
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

84.7
blastp


816
castorbean|gb160|EE255906
castorbean
1880
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
81.3
blastp


816
castorbean|gb160|EE255906
castorbean
1880
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

81
blastp


817

centaurea|gb166|EH728846


centaurea

1881
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
80.08
tblastn


818
chestnut|gb170|SRR006295S0011600
chestnut
1882
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
81.3
blastp


818
chestnut|gb170|SRR006295S0011600
chestnut
1882
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

80.6
blastp


819

citrus|gb166|CB305147


citrus

1883
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

81.4
blastp


819

citrus|gb166|CB305147


citrus

1883
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
81.3
blastp


820
cotton|gb164|CO121350
cotton
1884
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
82.4
tblastn


820
cotton|gb164|CO121350
cotton
1884
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

81.41
tblastn


821
kiwi|gb166|FG403767
kiwi
1885
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
80.5
blastp


822

leymus|gb166|EG376319


leymus

1886
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
90.3
blastp


822

leymus|gb166|EG376319


leymus

1886
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

89.6
blastp


823

papaya|gb165|EX229221


papaya

1887
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
81.3
blastp


823

papaya|gb165|EX229221


papaya

1887
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

81
blastp


824
potato|gb157.2|BE341318
potato
1888
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
81.3
blastp


824
potato|gb157.2|BE341318
potato
1888
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

81.3
blastp


825

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF342296


pseudoroegneria

1889
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
89.9
blastp


825

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF342296


pseudoroegneria

1889
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

89.2
blastp


826
rice|gb170|OS03G21914
rice
1890
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
90.6
blastp


826
rice|gb170|OS03G21914
rice
1890
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

89.9
blastp


827
rice|gb170|OS03G50620
rice
1891
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
88.2
blastp


827
rice|gb170|OS03G50620
rice
1891
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

87.2
blastp


828
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ536934
sugarcane
1892
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

99.3
blastp


828
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ536934
sugarcane
1892
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
98.1
blastp


829
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA096803
sugarcane
1893
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

98.9
blastp


829
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA096803
sugarcane
1893
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
97.8
blastp


830
sunflower|gb162|BU018368
sunflower
1894
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
80.2
blastp


831
switchgrass|gb167|FF773351
switchgrass
1895
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

94.8
blastp


831
switchgrass|gb167|FF773351
switchgrass
1895
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
94
blastp


832
tobacco|gb162|DV158876
tobacco
1896
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
80.9
blastp


832
tobacco|gb162|DV158876
tobacco
1896
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

80.2
blastp


833
tomato|gb164|BG124565
tomato
1897
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
80.9
blastp


833
tomato|gb164|BG124565
tomato
1897
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

80.6
blastp


834
wheat|gb164|BE492967
wheat
1898
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
89.9
blastp


834
wheat|gb164|BE492967
wheat
1898
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

89.2
blastp


835
wheat|gb164|BQ168983
wheat
1899
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657
90.3
blastp


835
wheat|gb164|BQ168983
wheat
1899
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657

89.6
blastp


836
fescue|gb161|CK801026
fescue
1900
218
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408
87
blastp


837

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF340368


pseudoroegneria

1901
218
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408
92.1
blastp


838
rice|gb170|OS07G05360
rice
1902
218
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408
81.2
blastp


839
wheat|gb164|BE213379
wheat
1903
218
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408
92.1
blastp


840
wheat|gb164|BE401132
wheat
1904
218
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408
90
blastp


841
wheat|gb164|BE401288
wheat
1905
218
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408
90.7
blastp


842
wheat|gb164|CA654680
wheat
1906
218
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408
84.89
tblastn


843
wheat|gb164|CA695915
wheat
1907
218
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408
88.49
tblastn


844
maize|gb170|AW433364
maize
1908
219

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923729

87.9
blastp


845

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW922411


sorghum

1909
219

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923729

81.1
blastp


846
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA068925
sugarcane
1910
219

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923729

91.1
blastp


847
switchgrass|gb167|DN144528
switchgrass
1911
219

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923729

86.8
blastp


848
switchgrass|gb167|DN144587
switchgrass
1912
219

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923729

85.8
blastp


849
switchgrass|gb167|FF758275
switchgrass
1913
219

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923729

80.1
blastp


850
castorbean|gb160|MDL29813M001539
castorbean
1914
221

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G13980

83.3
blastp


851
poplar|gb170|BU886496
poplar
1915
221

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G13980

82
blastp


852
soybean|gb168|BM308552
soybean
1916
221

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G13980

81.2
blastp


853
maize|gb170|BM072861
maize
1917
226

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BI139559

95.5
blastp


854
rice|gb170|OS01G07200
rice
1918
226

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BI139559

83.5
blastp


855
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA112539
sugarcane
1919
226

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BI139559

88.25
tblastn


856
barley|gb157.3|BE412997
barley
1920
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

84.1
blastp


857

brachypodium|gb169|BE403874


brachypodium

1921
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

83
blastp


858
fescue|gb161|DT680716
fescue
1922
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

81
blastp


859

leymus|gb166|CN466335


leymus

1923
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

83.4
blastp


860
maize|gb170|AF019147
maize
1924
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

91.7
blastp


861
maize|gb170|AI948311
maize
1925
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

90
blastp


862
rice|gb170|OS04G55650
rice
1926
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

85.2
blastp


863
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ536348
sugarcane
1927
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

97.9
blastp


864
switchgrass|gb167|DN140659
switchgrass
1928
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

91.8
blastp


865
switchgrass|gb167|DN141292
switchgrass
1929
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

90.8
blastp


866
wheat|gb164|BE403874
wheat
1930
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

83.9
blastp


867
wheat|gb164|BE405077
wheat
1931
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147

84.5
blastp


868
b_rapa|gb162|EX027120
b_rapa
1932
229
canola|gb161|EE559843
94.1
blastp


869

brachypodium|gb169|BF202681


brachypodium

1933
230
barley|gb157.3|BE420701
90.9
blastp


870
maize|gb170|LLAI629913
maize
1934
230
barley|gb157.3|BE420701
87
blastp


871

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF340034


pseudoroegneria

1935
230
barley|gb157.3|BE420701
96.8
blastp


872
rice|gb170|OS07G44660
rice
1936
230
barley|gb157.3|BE420701
88.6
blastp


873

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW282627


sorghum

1937
230
barley|gb157.3|BE420701
88.3
blastp


874
switchgrass|gb167|FE609054
switchgrass
1938
230
barley|gb157.3|BE420701
88.1
blastp


875

brachypodium|gb169|BE421829


brachypodium

1939
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
90.2
blastp


875

brachypodium|gb169|BE421829


brachypodium

1939
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
82.6
blastp


875

brachypodium|gb169|BE421829


brachypodium

1939
261

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209

81.1
blastp


876
fescue|gb161|DT679850
fescue
1940
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
95.3
blastp


876
fescue|gb161|DT679850
fescue
1940
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
84.1
blastp


876
fescue|gb161|DT679850
fescue
1940
261

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209

81.6
blastp


877

leymus|gb166|EG396605


leymus

1941
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
96.3
blastp


877

leymus|gb166|EG396605


leymus

1941
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
83.6
blastp


877

leymus|gb166|EG396605


leymus

1941
261

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209

83.1
blastp


878
maize|gb170|AI622209
maize
1942
261

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209

94
blastp


878
maize|gb170|AI622209
maize
1942
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
82.9
blastp


878
maize|gb170|AI622209
maize
1942
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
81.8
blastp


879
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA123704
sugarcane
1943
261

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209

93.5
blastp


879
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA123704
sugarcane
1943
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
86.5
blastp


879
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA123704
sugarcane
1943
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
84.6
blastp


880
switchgrass|gb167|FE619680
switchgrass
1944
261

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209

91
blastp


880
switchgrass|gb167|FE619680
switchgrass
1944
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
85.4
blastp


880
switchgrass|gb167|FE619680
switchgrass
1944
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
82.7
blastp


881
switchgrass|gb167|FE630609
switchgrass
1945
261

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209

89.6
blastp


881
switchgrass|gb167|FE630609
switchgrass
1945
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
84
blastp


881
switchgrass|gb167|FE630609
switchgrass
1945
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
81.9
blastp


882
wheat|gb164|BE497607
wheat
1946
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
96.8
blastp


882
wheat|gb164|BE497607
wheat
1946
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
84.6
blastp


882
wheat|gb164|BE497607
wheat
1946
261

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209

82.6
blastp


883
wheat|gb164|BF428660
wheat
1947
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829
96.8
blastp


883
wheat|gb164|BF428660
wheat
1947
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884
85.6
blastp


883
wheat|gb164|BF428660
wheat
1947
261

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209

82.6
blastp


884
barley|gb157.3|BE411922
barley
1948
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

81
blastp


885

brachypodium|gb169|BE398696


brachypodium

1949
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

82.3
blastp


886

cenchrus|gb166|EB652789


cenchrus

1950
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

92.3
blastp


887
cotton|gb164|DT574337
cotton
1951
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

95.9
blastp


888

leymus|gb166|CN465754


leymus

1952
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

81.1
blastp


889
maize|gb170|AA011880
maize
1953
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

95.9
blastp


890
maize|gb170|LLCD979368
maize
1954
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

95.9
blastp


891

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF344484


pseudoroegneria

1955
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

83.3
blastp


892
rice|gb170|OS07G46750
rice
1956
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

87.9
blastp


893
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ535840
sugarcane
1957
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

97.3
blastp


894
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ536355
sugarcane
1958
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

94
blastp


895
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA065609
sugarcane
1959
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

83.94
tblastn


896
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA075754
sugarcane
1960
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

93.3
blastp


897
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA078921
sugarcane
1961
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

98.6
blastp


898
switchgrass|gb167|DN141728
switchgrass
1962
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

91.5
blastp


899
switchgrass|gb167|DN145078
switchgrass
1963
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

92.4
blastp


900
wheat|gb164|BE398306
wheat
1964
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

82.8
blastp


901
wheat|gb164|BE398696
wheat
1965
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

81.4
blastp


902
wheat|gb164|BE423010
wheat
1966
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

82.8
blastp


903
wheat|gb164|CA484184
wheat
1967
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880

97.7
blastp


904
barley|gb157.3|BE413465
barley
1968
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
87.4
blastp


905

brachypodium|gb169|BE413465


brachypodium

1969
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
86.5
blastp


906

leymus|gb166|EG379179


leymus

1970
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
87.1
blastp


907
maize|gb170|T26952
maize
1971
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
87.7
blastp


908

sorghum|gb161.crp|BG549557


sorghum

1972
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
87.7
blastp


909
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA099583
sugarcane
1973
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
88.3
blastp


910
switchgrass|gb167|FE610789
switchgrass
1974
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
85.6
blastp


911
switchgrass|gb167|FL748149
switchgrass
1975
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
88
blastp


912
wheat|gb164|BE430330
wheat
1976
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
86.83
tblastn


913
wheat|gb164|BE490164
wheat
1977
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
87.1
blastp


914
wheat|gb164|BF201086
wheat
1978
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552
87.4
blastp


915

amborella|gb166|CD484126


amborella

1979
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


916

amborella|gb166|CK760819


amborella

1980
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


917

antirrhinum|gb166|AJ558674


antirrhinum

1981
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
89.4
blastp


918

antirrhinum|gb166|AJ559850


antirrhinum

1982
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


919

antirrhinum|gb166|AJ787300


antirrhinum

1983
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


920

antirrhinum|gb166|AJ789533


antirrhinum

1984
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


921
apple|gb157.3|CN489349
apple
1985
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.7
blastp


922
apple|gb157.3|CN496576
apple
1986
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


923
apple|gb157.3|CN995013
apple
1987
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.7
blastp


924
apricot|gb157.2|CB819597
apricot
1988
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


925
apricot|gb157.2|CV044080
apricot
1989
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


926

aquilegia|gb157.3|DR915026


aquilegia

1990
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


927

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G36160


arabidopsis

1991
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.7
blastp


928

arabidopsis|gb165|AT3G11510


arabidopsis

1992
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


929

arabidopsis|gb165|AT3G52580


arabidopsis

1993
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


930

artemisia|gb164|EY033322


artemisia

1994
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
89.4
blastp


931

artemisia|gb164|EY038655


artemisia

1995
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
88.1
blastp


932

artemisia|gb164|EY050701


artemisia

1996
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
89.4
blastp


933
avocado|gb164|CK753882
avocado
1997
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


934
b_juncea|gb164|EVGN00033609170815
b_juncea
1998
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


935
b_juncea|gb164|EVGN00191625522759
b_juncea
1999
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


936
b_juncea|gb164|EVGN00422623890637
b_juncea
2000
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
84.8
blastp


937
b_juncea|gb164|EVGN00544912222373
b_juncea
2001
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


938
b_juncea|gb164|EVGN00716011751939
b_juncea
2002
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


939
b_juncea|gb164|EVGN00888211982122
b_juncea
2003
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


940
b_juncea|gb164|EVGN01248609033239
b_juncea
2004
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


941
b_oleracea|gb161|DY026232
b_oleracea
2005
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


942
b_oleracea|gb161|DY026495
b_oleracea
2006
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


943
b_oleracea|gb161|DY026867
b_oleracea
2007
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


944
b_oleracea|gb161|DY027139
b_oleracea
2008
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


945
b_oleracea|gb161|DY028093
b_oleracea
2009
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


946
b_oleracea|gb161|ES942246
b_oleracea
2010
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


947
b_rapa|gb162|BG544390
b_rapa
2011
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


948
b_rapa|gb162|CA992255
b_rapa
2012
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


949
b_rapa|gb162|CV433769
b_rapa
2013
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


950
b_rapa|gb162|CV433783
b_rapa
2014
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


951
b_rapa|gb162|CX265694
b_rapa
2015
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


952
b_rapa|gb162|CX270276
b_rapa
2016
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


953
b_rapa|gb162|CX270426
b_rapa
2017
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


954
b_rapa|gb162|DY008989
b_rapa
2018
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


955
b_rapa|gb162|EE525926
b_rapa
2019
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


956
b_rapa|gb162|L33661
b_rapa
2020
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


957
banana|gb167|DN240239
banana
2021
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96.7
blastp


958
banana|gb167|ES433381
banana
2022
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96.7
blastp


959
banana|gb167|FF558372
banana
2023
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96.7
blastp


960
banana|gb167|FF558518
banana
2024
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


961
banana|gb167|FL662140
banana
2025
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


962
barley|gb157.3|AL501882
barley
2026
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


963
barley|gb157.3|BE412576
barley
2027
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


964
barley|gb157.3|BQ768399
barley
2028
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
82.8
blastp


965
barley|gb157.3|DN183050
barley
2029
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
80.9
blastp


966

basilicum|gb157.3|DY331402


basilicum

2030
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


967

basilicum|gb157.3|DY344099


basilicum

2031
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.1
blastp


968
bean|gb167|CA897110
bean
2032
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


969
bean|gb167|CA897113
bean
2033
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


970
beet|gb162|BQ060487
beet
2034
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


971

brachypodium|gb169|BE398957


brachypodium

2035
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.04
tblastn


972

brachypodium|gb169|BE402469


brachypodium

2036
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.35
tblastn


973

brachypodium|gb169|BE403589


brachypodium

2037
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
95.4
blastp


974

brachypodium|gb169|BE406789


brachypodium

2038
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96.7
blastp


975

bruguiera|gb166|BP949576


bruguiera

2039
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.39
tblastn


976

cacao|gb167|CA796567


cacao

2040
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


977

cacao|gb167|CU473326


cacao

2041
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


978
canola|gb161|AY196093
canola
2042
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


979
canola|gb161|CD811632
canola
2043
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


980
canola|gb161|CD812906
canola
2044
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


981
canola|gb161|CD820445
canola
2045
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


982
canola|gb161|CD822523
canola
2046
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


983
canola|gb161|CD823758
canola
2047
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


984
canola|gb161|CD827084
canola
2048
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


985
canola|gb161|CD829044
canola
2049
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


986
canola|gb161|CD840491
canola
2050
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


987
canola|gb161|CN730264
canola
2051
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


988
canola|gb161|CN731838
canola
2052
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


989
canola|gb161|CX190513
canola
2053
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


990
canola|gb161|CX280454
canola
2054
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


991
canola|gb161|CX280565
canola
2055
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


992
canola|gb161|H07559
canola
2056
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


993
cassava|gb164|CK647007
cassava
2057
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
95.4
blastp


994
cassava|gb164|CK650413
cassava
2058
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
95.4
blastp


995
cassava|gb164|CK652715
cassava
2059
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
95.4
blastp


996
castorbean|gb160|MDL29693M002016
castorbean
2060
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


997
castorbean|gb160|T14945
castorbean
2061
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


998

catharanthus|gb166|EG556977


catharanthus

2062
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
88.7
blastp


999

catharanthus|gb166|EG557933


catharanthus

2063
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1000

cenchrus|gb166|EB656767


cenchrus

2064
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1001

cenchrus|gb166|EB664187


cenchrus

2065
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1002

centaurea|gb166|EH724794


centaurea

2066
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1003

centaurea|gb166|EH739148


centaurea

2067
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1004

centaurea|gb166|EH748001


centaurea

2068
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.7
blastp


1005

centaurea|gb166|EH753801


centaurea

2069
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1006

centaurea|gb166|EH780000


centaurea

2070
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1007
cherry|gb157.2|EE488074
cherry
2071
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.05
tblastn


1008
chestnut|gb170|SRR006295S0002784
chestnut
2072
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1009
chestnut|gb170|SRR006295S0004532
chestnut
2073
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1010
chestnut|gb170|SRR006295S0010942
chestnut
2074
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1011

chlamydomonas|gb162|AW676072


chlamydomonas

2075
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
85.6
blastp


1012

cichorium|gb166|DT211087


cichorium

2076
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
89.4
blastp


1013

cichorium|gb166|DT214005


cichorium

2077
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1014

cichorium|gb166|EL356717


cichorium

2078
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1015

cichorium|gb166|EL365574


cichorium

2079
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1016

citrus|gb166|BQ623292


citrus

2080
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1017

citrus|gb166|BQ624114


citrus

2081
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1018

coffea|gb157.2|BQ449109


coffea

2082
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1019

coffea|gb157.2|DV673676


coffea

2083
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1020
cotton|gb164|AI726845
cotton
2084
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1021
cotton|gb164|AI730068
cotton
2085
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1022
cotton|gb164|BE054711
cotton
2086
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1023
cotton|gb164|BF271677
cotton
2087
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1024
cotton|gb164|CD485874
cotton
2088
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
81.46
tblastn


1025
cotton|gb164|DV849004
cotton
2089
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1026
cotton|gb164|ES792938
cotton
2090
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1027
cowpea|gb166|FC459672
cowpea
2091
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1028
cowpea|gb166|FF384317
cowpea
2092
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
81.6
blastp


1029
cowpea|gb166|FF385803
cowpea
2093
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1030
cowpea|gb166|FF389079
cowpea
2094
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
83.4
blastp


1031
cowpea|gb166|FF391295
cowpea
2095
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.7
blastp


1032

cryptomeria|gb166|BP173938


cryptomeria

2096
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1033

cryptomeria|gb166|BW994122


cryptomeria

2097
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1034

cycas|gb166|EX923616


cycas

2098
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1035

cycas|gb166|EX924938


cycas

2099
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.39
tblastn


1036

cynara|gb167|GE586142


cynara

2100
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1037

cynara|gb167|GE586173


cynara

2101
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1038

cynara|gb167|GE591726


cynara

2102
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.1
blastp


1039
dandelion|gb161|DY804347
dandelion
2103
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1040
dandelion|gb161|DY807877
dandelion
2104
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1041

eucalyptus|gb166|CB967799


eucalyptus

2105
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1042

eucalyptus|gb166|CT980941


eucalyptus

2106
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1043
fescue|gb161|DT679829
fescue
2107
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98
blastp


1044
fescue|gb161|DT682674
fescue
2108
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1045
fescue|gb161|DT688310
fescue
2109
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98
blastp


1046
flax|gb157.3|CV478813
flax
2110
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
89.4
tblastn


1047
ginger|gb164|DY372231
ginger
2111
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1048
grape|gb160|BQ796073
grape
2112
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1049
grape|gb160|BQ796330
grape
2113
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1050
grape|gb160|BQ800180
grape
2114
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1051
iceplant|gb164|BE034755
iceplant
2115
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1052
iceplant|gb164|CA833881
iceplant
2116
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1053

ipomoea|gb157.2|BJ554031


ipomoea

2117
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1054

ipomoea|gb157.2|BJ555694


ipomoea

2118
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.72
tblastn


1055

ipomoea|gb157.2|BJ557693


ipomoea

2119
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1056

ipomoea|gb157.2|BU691365


ipomoea

2120
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1057
kiwi|gb166|FG404658
kiwi
2121
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1058
kiwi|gb166|FG404746
kiwi
2122
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1059
kiwi|gb166|FG408063
kiwi
2123
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1060
lettuce|gb157.2|DW078606
lettuce
2124
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1061

leymus|gb166|EG388410


leymus

2125
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1062

liriodendron|gb166|CK743464


liriodendron

2126
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1063

liriodendron|gb166|CO998653


liriodendron

2127
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1064

lotus|gb157.2|AI967817


lotus

2128
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.1
blastp


1065

lotus|gb157.2|CB826697


lotus

2129
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
89.4
blastp


1066
lovegrass|gb167|DN480258
lovegrass
2130
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
99.3
blastp


1067
lovegrass|gb167|EH183996
lovegrass
2131
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98.7
blastp


1068
maize|gb170|AI612306
maize
2132
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1069
maize|gb170|AI967032
maize
2133
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98.7
blastp


1070
maize|gb170|AI979679
maize
2134
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
85.71
tblastn


1071
maize|gb170|AW054617
maize
2135
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1072
maize|gb170|AW165569
maize
2136
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1073
maize|gb170|LLBU037867
maize
2137
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
tblastn


1074
maize|gb170|LLDQ244878
maize
2138
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1075
maize|gb170|LLDQ245962
maize
2139
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1076
maize|gb170|T18275
maize
2140
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1077

marchantia|gb166|BJ841500


marchantia

2141
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
89.4
blastp


1078

marchantia|gb166|C95799


marchantia

2142
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1079

medicago|gb157.2|AA660312


medicago

2143
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
89.4
blastp


1080

medicago|gb157.2|AA660491


medicago

2144
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
88.7
blastp


1081
melon|gb165|AM713905
melon
2145
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1082
melon|gb165|AM719737
melon
2146
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
84.1
blastp


1083
melon|gb165|AM719902
melon
2147
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.76
tblastn


1084
melon|gb165|EB714362
melon
2148
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1085

mesostigma|gb166|DN254866


mesostigma

2149
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
86.3
blastp


1086
millet|gb161|CD724748
millet
2150
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1087
millet|gb161|CD725398
millet
2151
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.72
tblastn


1088

nuphar|gb166|CD475044


nuphar

2152
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1089

nuphar|gb166|CK757845


nuphar

2153
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1090

nuphar|gb166|CK767949


nuphar

2154
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1091
oak|gb170|DB996865
oak
2155
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1092
oak|gb170|DB998068
oak
2156
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1093
oak|gb170|DN949738
oak
2157
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1094
oil_palm|gb166|EL681750
oil_palm
2158
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1095
oil_palm|gb166|EL930220
oil_palm
2159
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1096
oil_palm|gb166|EL930363
oil_palm
2160
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1097
onion|gb162|BQ580074
onion
2161
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1098

papaya|gb165|EX231620


papaya

2162
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1099

papaya|gb165|EX252393


papaya

2163
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1100
peach|gb157.2|BU040848
peach
2164
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1101
peanut|gb167|CD037918
peanut
2165
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1102
peanut|gb167|CX018155
peanut
2166
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1103
pepper|gb157.2|BM061978
pepper
2167
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1104
pepper|gb157.2|BM062219
pepper
2168
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1105
pepper|gb157.2|BM066627
pepper
2169
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1106
periwinkle|gb164|EG556977
periwinkle
2170
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
88.7
blastp


1107
periwinkle|gb164|EG557933
periwinkle
2171
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1108

physcomitrella|gb157|AW127039


physcomitrella

2172
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
89.4
tblastn


1109

physcomitrella|gb157|BQ827306


physcomitrella

2173
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
88.7
blastp


1110
pine|gb157.2|AW010184
pine
2174
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1111
pine|gb157.2|BX248872
pine
2175
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1112
pine|gb157.2|BX251919
pine
2176
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1113
pine|gb157.2|DR102094
pine
2177
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
82.1
blastp


1114
pine|gb157.2|H75266
pine
2178
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1115
poplar|gb170|AI162468
poplar
2179
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1116
poplar|gb170|AI163154
poplar
2180
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1117
poplar|gb170|AI164614
poplar
2181
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1118
poplar|gb170|AI164759
poplar
2182
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1119
poppy|gb166|FE964530
poppy
2183
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1120
poppy|gb166|FE965652
poppy
2184
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1121
potato|gb157.2|AW906248
potato
2185
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1122
potato|gb157.2|BF459889
potato
2186
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1123
potato|gb157.2|BG350431
potato
2187
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1124
potato|gb157.2|BG351012
potato
2188
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1125
potato|gb157.2|BG351586
potato
2189
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.05
tblastn


1126

prunus|gb167|BQ641170


prunus

2190
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1127

prunus|gb167|BU040848


prunus

2191
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1128

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF343278


pseudoroegneria

2192
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1129

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF349878


pseudoroegneria

2193
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1130
radish|gb164|EV527917
radish
2194
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1131
radish|gb164|EV528399
radish
2195
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1132
radish|gb164|EV535656
radish
2196
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1133
radish|gb164|EV535984
radish
2197
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1134
radish|gb164|EV538012
radish
2198
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1135
radish|gb164|EV543948
radish
2199
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1136
radish|gb164|EV544942
radish
2200
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1137
radish|gb164|EV545164
radish
2201
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1138
radish|gb164|EV565378
radish
2202
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.05
tblastn


1139
radish|gb164|EV565564
radish
2203
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1140
radish|gb164|EV565962
radish
2204
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1141
radish|gb164|EV569172
radish
2205
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1142
radish|gb164|EV571678
radish
2206
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1143
radish|gb164|EW714068
radish
2207
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1144
radish|gb164|EW715107
radish
2208
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1145
radish|gb164|EW715768
radish
2209
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1146
radish|gb164|EX755320
radish
2210
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1147
radish|gb164|EX762413
radish
2211
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1148
radish|gb164|EX762524
radish
2212
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1149
radish|gb164|EX762893
radish
2213
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1150
radish|gb164|EY902515
radish
2214
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1151
radish|gb164|EY916898
radish
2215
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1152
radish|gb164|T25179
radish
2216
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1153
rice|gb170|OS02G06700
rice
2217
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98
blastp


1154
rose|gb157.2|EC586094
rose
2218
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1155
rye|gb164|BE494213
rye
2219
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96.69
tblastn


1156
safflower|gb162|EL401182
safflower
2220
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.7
blastp


1157
safflower|gb162|EL403588
safflower
2221
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.1
blastp


1158
safflower|gb162|EL408982
safflower
2222
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
86.09
tblastn


1159

senecio|gb170|DY663041


senecio

2223
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
88.7
blastp


1160

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW120027


sorghum

2224
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98.7
blastp


1161

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE238630


sorghum

2225
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98.7
blastp


1162

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE367365


sorghum

2226
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98.7
blastp


1163
soybean|gb168|AI967817
soybean
2227
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1164
soybean|gb168|AJ388676
soybean
2228
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1165
soybean|gb168|AW349445
soybean
2229
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1166
spikemoss|gb165|DN837720
spikemoss
2230
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
87.4
blastp


1167
spikemoss|gb165|FE450939
spikemoss
2231
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
87.4
blastp


1168
spruce|gb162|CO216116
spruce
2232
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1169
spruce|gb162|CO227952
spruce
2233
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1170
spruce|gb162|DR449297
spruce
2234
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
84.8
blastp


1171
spruce|gb162|DR449808
spruce
2235
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
82.1
blastp


1172
spruce|gb162|DR474303
spruce
2236
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
80.8
blastp


1173
spruce|gb162|DR534167
spruce
2237
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
82.1
blastp


1174
spruce|gb162|DR579185
spruce
2238
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
80.8
blastp


1175
spurge|gb161|BE095303
spurge
2239
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.72
tblastn


1176
spurge|gb161|DV124297
spurge
2240
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1177
strawberry|gb164|CO380977
strawberry
2241
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1178
strawberry|gb164|CO817246
strawberry
2242
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1179
strawberry|gb164|EX670929
strawberry
2243
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
85.5
blastp


1180
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ529920
sugarcane
2244
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.35
tblastn


1181
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ533000
sugarcane
2245
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98.7
blastp


1182
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA076561
sugarcane
2246
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1183
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA102375
sugarcane
2247
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96.03
tblastn


1184
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA123229
sugarcane
2248
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1185
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA137141
sugarcane
2249
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98.7
blastp


1186
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA230074
sugarcane
2250
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.72
tblastn


1187
sunflower|gb162|AJ318263
sunflower
2251
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.1
blastp


1188
sunflower|gb162|CD848093
sunflower
2252
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1189
sunflower|gb162|CD848805
sunflower
2253
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.1
blastp


1190
sunflower|gb162|EL430967
sunflower
2254
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
82.8
blastp


1191
switchgrass|gb167|DN149917
switchgrass
2255
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96.7
blastp


1192
switchgrass|gb167|DN150990
switchgrass
2256
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98.7
blastp


1193
switchgrass|gb167|FE599497
switchgrass
2257
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1194
switchgrass|gb167|FE608350
switchgrass
2258
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96.7
blastp


1195
switchgrass|gb167|FE625398
switchgrass
2259
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
80.13
tblastn


1196
switchgrass|gb167|FE627660
switchgrass
2260
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98.7
blastp


1197
switchgrass|gb167|FE634044
switchgrass
2261
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
98
blastp


1198
switchgrass|gb167|FE637032
switchgrass
2262
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1199
switchgrass|gb167|FL948269
switchgrass
2263
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
82.12
tblastn


1200
switchgrass|gb167|GD043911
switchgrass
2264
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
80.13
tblastn


1201

tamarix|gb166|EG966933


tamarix

2265
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1202

tamarix|gb166|EG972900


tamarix

2266
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
82.8
blastp


1203

thellungiella|gb167|BY818453


thellungiella

2267
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1204

thellungiella|gb167|DN775374


thellungiella

2268
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94
blastp


1205
tobacco|gb162|AM816373
tobacco
2269
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
81.5
blastp


1206
tobacco|gb162|CN498843
tobacco
2270
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
82.2
blastp


1207
tobacco|gb162|CV019114
tobacco
2271
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1208
tobacco|gb162|CV020233
tobacco
2272
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1209
tobacco|gb162|CV021807
tobacco
2273
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1210
tobacco|gb162|NTU66262
tobacco
2274
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
90.7
blastp


1211
tomato|gb164|BG123159
tomato
2275
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1212
tomato|gb164|BG123562
tomato
2276
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1213
tomato|gb164|U21078
tomato
2277
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1214

triphysaria|gb164|BM357412


triphysaria

2278
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.7
blastp


1215

triphysaria|gb164|EX988766


triphysaria

2279
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1216

triphysaria|gb164|EX990185


triphysaria

2280
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1217

triphysaria|gb164|EX992752


triphysaria

2281
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1218

volvox|gb162|AW676072


volvox

2282
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
85
blastp


1219
walnuts|gb166|CV197623
walnuts
2283
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
92.1
blastp


1220
walnuts|gb166|EL891118
walnuts
2284
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
blastp


1221
wheat|gb164|AL827137
wheat
2285
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1222
wheat|gb164|BE398647
wheat
2286
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1223
wheat|gb164|BE398957
wheat
2287
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
97.4
blastp


1224
wheat|gb164|BE405321
wheat
2288
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
96
blastp


1225
wheat|gb164|BE406789
wheat
2289
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
95.4
blastp


1226
wheat|gb164|BJ240969
wheat
2290
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
80.79
tblastn


1227
wheat|gb164|BM135152
wheat
2291
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
82.9
blastp


1228
wheat|gb164|CA616908
wheat
2292
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
94.7
tblastn


1229
wheat|gb164|CJ652504
wheat
2293
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
93.4
blastp


1230
wheat|gb164|DN829631
wheat
2294
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
80.92
tblastn


1231

zamia|gb166|DY032098


zamia

2295
234
rice|gb157.2|BE039784
91.4
blastp


1232
barley|gb157.3|BE412461
barley
2296
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
87.9
blastp


1233

brachypodium|gb169|BE404324


brachypodium

2297
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
86.4
blastp


1234

cenchrus|gb166|EB653779


cenchrus

2298
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
94.8
blastp


1235
fescue|gb161|DT696747
fescue
2299
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
85.6
blastp


1236

leymus|gb166|EG375640


leymus

2300
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
88.8
blastp


1237
lovegrass|gb167|EH189611
lovegrass
2301
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
92
blastp


1238
maize|gb170|AI944307
maize
2302
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
94.4
blastp


1239
oat|gb164|BE439172
oat
2303
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
85.58
tblastn


1240

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF354244


pseudoroegneria

2304
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
88.4
blastp


1241
rice|gb170|OS02G53790
rice
2305
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
89.3
blastp


1242
rice|gb170|OS07G43170
rice
2306
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
90.1
blastp


1243

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW011679


sorghum

2307
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
95.8
blastp


1244

sorghum|gb161.crp|CD231888


sorghum

2308
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
90.6
blastp


1245
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA072943
sugarcane
2309
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
95.3
blastp


1246
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA090072
sugarcane
2310
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
95.8
blastp


1247
switchgrass|gb167|DN145249
switchgrass
2311
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
92.5
blastp


1248
switchgrass|gb167|FE626130
switchgrass
2312
236
maize|gb164|AI619269
93.4
blastp


1249

arabidopsis|gb165|AT3G01300


arabidopsis

2313
237

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT5G15080

83.3
blastp


1250
b_rapa|gb162|CA992096
b_rapa
2314
237

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT5G15080

82.5
blastp


1251
canola|gb161|EE473973
canola
2315
237

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT5G15080

82.3
blastp


1252

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60690


arabidopsis

2316
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680

84.1
blastp


1253

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60710


arabidopsis

2317
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680

83.2
blastp


1254

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60730


arabidopsis

2318
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680

84.44
tblastn


1255
b_rapa|gb162|ES935213
b_rapa
2319
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680

82.1
blastp


1256
canola|gb161|CD815566
canola
2320
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680

80.6
blastp


1257
canola|gb161|CD819004
canola
2321
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680

81.5
blastp


1258
canola|gb161|DY003163
canola
2322
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680

81.8
blastp


1259
radish|gb164|EV524749
radish
2323
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680

81.6
blastp


1260
radish|gb164|EV544729
radish
2324
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680

81.8
blastp


1261
b_rapa|gb162|EX018587
b_rapa
2325
242

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G43910

85.3
blastp


1262
canola|gb161|EE452442
canola
2326
242

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G43910

91.5
blastp


1263
radish|gb164|EX749875
radish
2327
243

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G47530

91.94
tblastn


1264

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G30940


arabidopsis

2328
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240

88.3
blastp


1265
castorbean|gb160|EG675736
castorbean
2329
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240

83.6
blastp


1266
cotton|gb164|CO495384
cotton
2330
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240

83.3
blastp


1267
nicotiana_benthamiana|gb162|CK280239
nicotia-
2331
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240

80.1
blastp




na_benthamiana







1268
poplar|gb170|CA822859
poplar
2332
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240

81.2
blastp


1269
poplar|gb170|CV237453
poplar
2333
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240

81.8
blastp


1270
potato|gb157.2|CK243505
potato
2334
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240

83.1
blastp


1271
soybean|gb168|AW586330
soybean
2335
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240

80.3
blastp


1272
soybean|gb168|BP073481
soybean
2336
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240

80.4
blastp


1273
barley|gb157.3|AL502083
barley
2337
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
89.93
tblastn


1274

brachypodium|gb169|BE471061


brachypodium

2338
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
90.3
blastp


1275
maize|gb170|AW066842
maize
2339
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
88.1
blastp


1276
maize|gb170|CF021466
maize
2340
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
81
blastp


1277
maize|gb170|LLCD975615
maize
2341
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
88.8
blastp


1278
maize|gb170|T12700
maize
2342
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
91.8
blastp


1279

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW066842


sorghum

2343
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
92.9
blastp


1280

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW747438


sorghum

2344
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
82.1
blastp


1281
sugarcane|gb157.3|BU925651
sugarcane
2345
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
88.27
tblastn


1282
switchgrass|gb167|FL745129
switchgrass
2346
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
91.8
blastp


1283
wheat|gb164|BE471061
wheat
2347
246
rice|gb157.2|BI807603
89.7
blastp


1284
rice|gb170|OS01G09340
rice
2348
247
rice|gb157.2|AU068829
86.29
tblastn


1285

brachypodium|gb169|AV835247


brachypodium

2349
248
rice|gb157.2|AA752451
86.7
blastp


1286
maize|gb170|BG835950
maize
2350
248
rice|gb157.2|AA752451
80.7
blastp


1287

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE598733


sorghum

2351
248
rice|gb157.2|AA752451
81.4
blastp


1288
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA101548
sugarcane
2352
248
rice|gb157.2|AA752451
84.5
blastp


1289
switchgrass|gb167|FE639520
switchgrass
2353
248
rice|gb157.2|AA752451
88.9
blastp


1290
barley|gb157.3|AL511842
barley
2354
250
wheat|gb164|BE401454
98.4
blastp


1291

brachypodium|gb169|BE488258


brachypodium

2355
250
wheat|gb164|BE401454
93.4
blastp


1292
fescue|gb161|DT699211
fescue
2356
250
wheat|gb164|BE401454
90.2
blastp


1293

leymus|gb166|CD808752


leymus

2357
250
wheat|gb164|BE401454
97.6
blastp


1294

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF347865


pseudoroegneria

2358
250
wheat|gb164|BE401454
99.2
blastp


1295
rice|gb170|OS08G45190
rice
2359
250
wheat|gb164|BE401454
81.9
blastp


1296

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW287236


sorghum

2360
250
wheat|gb164|BE401454
83.7
blastp


1297
wheat|gb164|BE488191
wheat
2361
250
wheat|gb164|BE401454
99.2
blastp


1298

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G70830


arabidopsis

2362
251

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G70850

85.4
blastp


1299

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G70830T4


arabidopsis

2363
251

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G70850

88.24
tblastn


1300
barley|gb157.3|BE420890
barley
2364
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

81.5
blastp


1301

brachypodium|gb169|BE401954


brachypodium

2365
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

83
blastp


1302

cenchrus|gb166|EB656949


cenchrus

2366
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

89.1
blastp


1303
fescue|gb161|DT686385
fescue
2367
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

80.1
blastp


1304

leymus|gb166|CN466500


leymus

2368
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

82.2
blastp


1305
maize|gb170|AF093538
maize
2369
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

91.3
blastp


1306
maize|gb170|T18303
maize
2370
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

94.9
blastp


1307

pseudoroegneria|gb167|FF348742


pseudoroegneria

2371
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

81.2
blastp


1308
rice|gb170|OS09G19734T3
rice
2372
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

83.7
blastp


1309
sugarcane|gb157.3|BQ533149
sugarcane
2373
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

97.5
blastp


1310
switchgrass|gb167|DN141290
switchgrass
2374
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

89.1
blastp


1311
switchgrass|gb167|DN141310
switchgrass
2375
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

89.5
blastp


1312
wheat|gb164|BE406144
wheat
2376
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

81.5
blastp


1313
wheat|gb164|BF200548
wheat
2377
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

81.9
blastp


1314
wheat|gb164|X77733
wheat
2378
254

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303

81.2
blastp


1315
maize|gb170|CD936650
maize
2379
269

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923465

89.12
tblastn


1315
maize|gb170|CD936650
maize
2379
256

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW923545

88.85
tblastn


1316

aquilegia|gb157.3|DR915439


aquilegia

2380
257

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G71900

81.1
blastp


1317

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G34470


arabidopsis

2381
257

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G71900

80.11
tblastn


1318
castorbean|gb160|EE258327
castorbean
2382
257

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G71900

81
blastp


1319
castorbean|gb160|MDL29728M000834
castorbean
2383
257

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G71900

81.56
tblastn


1320
grape|gb160|CB035795
grape
2384
257

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G71900

82.4
blastp


1321
radish|gb164|EW714634
radish
2385
257

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G71900

89.74
tblastn


1322
maize|gb170|CF021816
maize
2386
259

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW672541

88.3
blastp


1323
maize|gb170|CO527882
maize
2387
259

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW672541

85
blastp


1324
switchgrass|gb167|FE626524
switchgrass
2388
259

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW672541

85.4
blastp


1325
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA069240
sugarcane
2389
262

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BE123399

89.08
tblastn


1326
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA078694
sugarcane
2390
262

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BE123399

88.4
blastp


1327
maize|gb170|AI901557
maize
2391
263

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901557

86.2
blastp


1328

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW286491


sorghum

2392
263

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901557

98.5
blastp


1329
sugarcane|gb157.3|CA068682
sugarcane
2393
263

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901557

93.9
blastp


1330
switchgrass|gb167|DN146139
switchgrass
2394
263

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901557

83.6
blastp


1331
switchgrass|gb167|FE604486
switchgrass
2395
263

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901557

82.7
blastp


1332
maize|gb170|CD945482
maize
2396
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
81.53
tblastn


1333

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE599314


sorghum

2397
265
maize|gb164|AI974922
80.49
tblastn





Table 21: Provided are the homologous polypeptides (polypep.) and polynucleotides (polynucl.) of the genes and polypeptides identified in Table 20, which are capable of increase nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency of a plant. Homology was calculated as % of identity over the aligned sequences. The query sequences were polypeptide sequences SEQ ID NOs: 138-269 and the subject sequences are polypeptide sequences or nucleotide sequences which were dynamically translated in all six reading frames identified in the database based on greater than 80% identity to the query polypeptide sequences.






Example 3
Gene Cloning and Generation of Binary Vectors for Expression in Plants

Cloning Strategy


Genes presented in Examples 1 and 2 above were cloned into binary vectors for the generation of transgenic plants. For cloning, the full-length open reading frames (ORF) were first identified. EST clusters and in some cases mRNA sequences were analyzed to identify the entire open reading frame of each gene, by comparing the results of several translation algorithms to known proteins from other plant species.


In order to clone the full-length cDNAs, Reverse Transcription followed by PCR (RT-PCR) was performed on total RNA extracted from leaves, roots, fibers or other plant tissues, growing under either normal, nutrient deficient or other abiotic stress conditions. Total RNA extraction, production of cDNA and PCR amplification was performed using standard protocols described elsewhere (Sambrook J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual., 2nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.), which are well known to those skilled in the art. PCR products were purified using PCR purification kit (Qiagen) and sequencing of the amplified PCR products was performed, using ABI 377 sequencer (Applied Biosystems). In case of none or weak PCR product bands were visible on Ethidium Bromide—stained 1% agarose gels, 0.1-1 μL of the PCR product was used as a DNA template, and PCR amplification was effected using either the same or new set of primers, designed internally to the first set of primers. In such cases, the set of primers which is expected to produce the longer PCR product is designated External primers set (EF and ER for External-Forward and External-Reverse, respectively), and the set of primers which expected to produce the shorter PCR product is designated Nested primers set (NF and NR for Nested-Forward and Nested-Reverse, respectively), as illustrated in Table 22 below. Cloning of the cotton genes CT75, CT7, CT76, CT71, CT74, CT11, CT20, CT81, CT22, CT82, CT3, CT40, CT1, CT6, CT27 and CT2 was performed using only one set of primers, as detailed in WO Publication No: WO2005/121364.


To facilitate cloning of the cDNAs, a 7-12 bp extension was added to the 5′ prime end of most of the primers. The primer extension includes an endonuclease restriction site (Table 22). The restriction sites were selected using two parameters: (a). The site does not exist in the cDNA sequence; and (b). The restriction sites in the forward and reverse primers are designed such that the digested cDNA is inserted in the sense formation into the binary vector utilized for transformation. Table 22, hereinbelow, provides the primers designation, restriction endonuclease sites added for the subsequent cloning, and sequences of each primer used for the amplification of the genes of the some embodiments of the invention.









TABLE 22







PCR primers used for cloning and for screening positive clones
















SEQ

SEQ






ID

ID



Gene ID
Enz.
Primers for cloning
NO:
Primers for screening
NO:
Plas.


















NUE227
SalI,
NUE227_
TTAGTCGACAG
2564
101-F
GCTATGACCAT
2860
pGXN




EF_SalI
AGAAGAGGCAA


GATTACGCC







GAACAACTAG








XbaI
NUE227_
TATCTAGACGAT
2565








ER_
CGGTGTCCACTG









XbaI
TACAG









NUE227_
TTAGTCGACACT
2566








NF_SalI
AGCTGCATGGC










AATGG









NUE227_
TTAGTCGACACT
2567
NUE227_
TATCTAGATTA
2861





NR_
AGCTGCATGGC

NR_
ACGCGTTGATC






XbaI
AATGG

XbaI
GATCAGC







NUE233
SalI,
NUE233_
TTAGTCGACCTC
2568



pKsJ or




EF_SalI
GAAATCCTTCCC




Topo





AAGAC








XbaI
NUE233_
TATCTAGAGTCA
2569








ER_
CAGAATAGTAC









XbaI
ACGTACACAAC









NUE233_
TTAGTCGACCGC
2570








NF_SalI
ACGCTTCTCCAT










TTC









NUE233_
TATCTAGATCAA
2571








NR_
ACTAAGTACTCC









XbaI
AGTAACAAC










NUE237
SalI,
NUE237_
AAAGTCGACCC
2572
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2862
pGXN




EF_SalI
TCTCTCTCGTTT


GGCTTCTTGAG







CGATTCC








XbaI
NUE237_
ATTCTAGATCAA
2573
NUE237_
ACTCTAGAACT






ER_
CCACATAGCCT

NR_
CTATTAACAAT
2863





XbaI
AGAGCAC

XbaI
GCACGGAG






NUE237_
AAAGTCGACAG
2574








NF_SalI
ATTCGATCCAAC










CAAACC









NUE237_
ACTCTAGAACTC
2575








NR_
TATTAACAATGC









XbaI
ACGGAG










NUE241
SalI,
NUE241_
AAAGTCGACAA
2576
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2864
pGXN




EF_SalI
TTCTTCTTTGTT


GGCTTCTTGAG







TGCTTGC








XbaI
NUE241_
ATTCTAGATAA
2577
NUE241_
ATTCTAGATCA
2865





ER_
ATGCTGATATA

NR_
CAATAGAAAC






XbaI
GGACAAAGC

XbaI
ATCCTCCCTC






NUE241_
AAAGTCGACGA
2578








NF_SalI
AGAAAACCCAC










AAAACCAG









NUE241_
ATTCTAGATCAC
2579








NR_
AATAGAAACAT









XbaI
CCTCCCTC










NUE242
XbaI,
NUE242_
TATCTAGAGAG
2580
p35S_F2
GGACAGGCTT
2866
pGXN




EF_XbaI
AAGAGAGAGAC


CTTGAGATCCT







TTTGAAGATG








SacI
NUE242_
TGAGCTCTTAAG
2581
NUE242_
TGAGCTCTTAT
2867





ER_SacI
AGTAGACACAA

NR_SacI
TAGGAAGCAA







CTCCTGCG


CTTCAAGAAAT










G





SalI,
NUE242_
TTAGTCGACTGA
2582








NF_SalI
AGATGGAAGCA










AACTCTAAC








SacI
NUE242_
TGAGCTCTTATT
2583








NR_SacI
AGGAAGCAACT










TCAAGAAATG










NUE255
EcoRV
NUE255_
ATGATATCCCTC
2584
p35S_ F2
GGACAGGCTT
2868
Topo




EF_EcoRV
CAACCTCTCTCC


CTTGAGATCCT







CAAC









NUE255_
TAGATATCGATT
2585
NUE255_
TAGATATCTCA






ER_EcoRV
GCTTCTTGTACT

NR_
TCATTTGATCA
2869






CTGATCATC

EcoRV
GCTTTAGCG






NUE255_
ATGATATCCAA
2586








NF_EcoRV
GAATTAAGGTG










TAGCAACC









NUE255_
TAGATATCTCAT
2587








NR_
CATTTGATCAGC









EcoRV
TTTAGCG










NUE269
SalI,
NUE269_
TATGTCGACAC
2588
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2870
pGXN




NF_SalI
AAGGAAATGAT


GGCTTCTTGAG







GGCTATTG








XbaI
NUE269_
TATCTAGACACC
2589
NUE269_
TATCTAGACAC
2871





NR_
ACAACATGATA

NR_
CACAACATGA






XbaI
GCTTTTG

XbaI
TAGCTTTTG







NUE521
Sal,
NUE521
AAGGTCGACCT
2590
p35S_F2
GGACAGGCTT
2872
pGXN




NF
GGGAGCTAGCT


CTTGAGATCCT






Sal
TTGGAG








Xba
NUE521
ACTCTAGATCAC
2591
NUE521
CGTCTAGATCA
2873





ER
ACCGATTCCAC

NR
GATCGTGTTGA






Xba
ACATAAC

Xba
GCACTTGAGC






NUE521
AAGGTCGACCT
2592








NF
GGGAGCTAGCT









Sal
TTGGAG









NUE521
CGTCTAGATCA
2593








NR
GATCGTGTTGA









Xba
GCACTTGAGC










NUE554
SmaI,
NUE554_
TCCCGGGCTCCG
2594
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2874
pGXN




EF_SmaI
TCTCTAGGGTTT


GGCTTCTTGAG







GAG








SacI
NUE554_
TGAGCTCTCAGT
2595
NUE554_
TGAGCTCTCAG
2875





ER_SacI
GATTGGAACTCT

ER_SacI
TGATTGGAACT







AGATCTTG


CTAGATCTTG







NUE562
XbaI,
NUE562_
TATCTAGACTTG
2596
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2876
pGXN




EF_XbaI
AGCTAGGGTTTT


GGCTTCTTGAG







ATCGC








SacI
NUE562_
TGAGCTCTTAAT
2597
NUE562_
TGAGCTCTTAT
2877





ER_SacI
GCAGACGGTAA

NR_SacI
GAAGATTACA







CATCTAGG


GCCTCCTACC






NUE562_
TATCTAGAAAC
2598








NF_
AATGTCCGGGA









XbaI
GGAAGAAGAC









NUE562_
TGAGCTCTTATG
2599








NR_SacI
AAGATTACAGC










CTCCTACC










NUE567
Sal,
NUE567_
AGAGTCGACGT
2600
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2878
pGXN




EF_Sal
GACATAAAATC


GGCTTCTTGAG







CATGGCTG








Xba
NUE567_
TATCTAGATCAG
2601
NUE567
ACCTCTAGATC






ER_
CTTACACAAGC

NR
ATTAAGTGGCT
2879





Xba
CCTTAGCA

Xba
TTCCAGGAAG






NUE567_
GAGGTCGACAA
2602








NF
TCCATGGCTGA









Sal
AGCTTG









NUE567
ACCTCTAGATCA
2603








NR
TTAAGTGGCTTT









Xba
CCAGGAAG










NUE568
Sal,
NUE568
AGAGTCGACCG
2604
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2880





EF Sal
CAACGGAAAAC


GGCTTCTTGAG







AAATC








Xba
NUE568
TATCTAGAAGA
2605
NUE568
TATCTAGATCA
2881
pGXN




ER
TAGGCTTATCTC

NR
TGTTCACTGAG






Xba
AATGGCT

Xba
TAACGATACTA










ACAG






NUE568
TAGGTCGACAC
2606








NF
AAATCCGCCAA









Sal
TGGAAG









NUE568
TATCTAGATCAT
2607








NR
GTTCACTGAGTA









Xba
ACGATACTAAC










AG










NUE573
Sal,
NUE573
TAGGTCGACGA
2608
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2882
pKsJ




EF
GAGAAATCCAT


GGCTTCTTGAG






Sal
GGAGACG








Sac
NUE573_
CGAGCTCAATTT
2609
NUE573
CGAGCTCTCAG
2883





ER
CAGTACAGGAT

NR
TACAGGATTTA






Sac
TTAAACC

Sac
AACCAAGACA





Sma,
NUE573_
ACCCGGGAGAC
2610








NF
GATGACGATGA









Sma
AGGTTG








Sac
NUE573
CGAGCTCTCAGT
2611








NR
ACAGGATTTAA









Sac
ACCAAGACA










NUE575
EcoRV
NUE575_
AAGATATCCCA
2612
NUE575_
AAGATATCCC
2884
pKsJ




NF_EcoRV
AACACCAAACC

NF_EcoRV
AAACACCAAA







CTCG


CCCTCG






NUE575_
TAGATATCTCAT
2613
101_R
AAGTTGGGTA
2885





NR_
CATATTCCTAGC


ACGCCAGGGT






EcoRV
TTATCAACCTC










NUE585
SalI,
NUE585_
AAAGTCGACCG
2614
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2886
pGXN




EF_SalI
ATTTCTGCTTCG


GGCTTCTTGAG







ATCTCTAC








XbaI
NUE585_
ATTCTAGACCTT
2615
NUE585_
ATTCTAGATTA
2887





ER_
CTTCGATCTTCT

NR_
GTTTGCAGTTA






XbaI
TGAACC

XbaI
TCGCAGTGG






NUE585_
AAAGTCGACGT
2616








NF_SalI
CTGGGTCGAAG










TTAAATAGG









NUE585_
ATTCTAGATTAG
2617








NR_
TTTGCAGTTATC









XbaI
GCAGTGG










NUE587
SalI,
NUE587_
AAAGTCGACGT
2618
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2888
pGXN




EF_SalI
TCCATTGGAGG


GGCTTCTTGAG







AGAATCG








XbaI
NUE587_
ATTCTAGATTCA
2619
NUE587_
ATTCTAGATTA
2889





ER_
AAAGGAAAATG

NR_
TTTCAAACATG






XbaI
GAGAGG

XbaI
AAATGAGTTG










C






NUE587_
AAAGTCGACAA
2620








NF_SalI
AGGCTTGGAAA










GGAAGG









NUE587_
ATTCTAGATTAT
2621








NR_
TTCAAACATGA









XbaI
AATGAGTTGC










NUE528
Sac
NUE528_
AGAGCTCAACC
2622
101F
GCTATGACCAT
2890
pGXN




EF_Sac
CTAACGTTTCGA


GATTACGCC







TCG








SalI,
NUE528_
TGAGCTCTTCCA
2623
NUE528_
TGAGCTCTGGC
2891





ER_Sac
GAAGTAGCATC

NR_Sac
CTTCACCCTCT







TTTCG


ATATCTC






NUE528_
AATGTCGACGA
2624








NF_SalI
AGCGTCTGAGC










CAGTCC









NUE528_
TGAGCTCTGGCC
2625








NR_Sac
TTCACCCTCTAT










ATCTC










NUE535
Sal,
NUE535_
ATTGTCGACGA
2626
101_F
GCTATGACCAT
2892
pGXN




NF_Sal
GTATGCTTTCCG


GATTACGCC







ATGGG








XbaI
NUE535_
TTTCTAGACTAT
2627
NUE535_
TTTCTAGACTA
2893





NR_
GAATGAATCCG

NR_
TGAATGAATCC






XbaI
TGACTCTTG

XbaI
GTGACTCTTG







NUE538
Sal,
NUE538_
ATTGTCGACCAC
2628
NUE538_
ATTGTCGACCA
2894
pKSJ




EF_Sal
GACCATTCTTCA

EF_Sal
CGACCATTCTT







TTTTCC


CATTTTCC





Sma
NUE538_
TCCCGGGTTAG
2629
NOS R
GCGGGACTCT
2895





ER_Sma
AACTGAGTCTG


AATCATAAAA







AAAGGATGG


ACC







NUE548
Sal
NUE548_
AATGTCGACGT
2630
101_F
GCTATGACCAT
2896
pGXN




NF_Sal
CCTAATACTATA


GATTACGCC







CTCGCAATCC








Xba
NUE548_
AATCTAGATCA
2631
NUE548_
AATCTAGATCA
2897





NR_
ACCAACTAGTTT

NR_
ACCAACTAGTT






Xba
GCAGCTCCT

Xba
TGCAGCTCCT







NUE537
Sal,
NUE537_
TAAGTCGACCA
2632
101_ER
GAAACACCAT
2898
pGXN




NF_Sal
AACAACATGTC


CTTCGTTCTTG







TGCCTGTG








Xba
NUE537_
ATTCTAGATTAA
2633
NUE537_
TAAGTCGACC
2899





NR_
CACATCGTTTGG

NF_Sal
AAACAACATG






Xba
TGCATAGC


TCTGCCTGTG







NUE551
Sal,
NUE551_
AATGTCGACGTT
2634
NUE551_
GTCAAGCTGTG
2900
pGXN




NF_Sal
GATCAGTCAGC

seqF
CTGTCTTCC







CCACTTC








Xba
NUE551_
TATCTAGAGAC
2635
101_ER
GAAACACCAT
2901





ER_
ATAATCCATCA


CTTCGTTCTTG






Xba
ACGGTTG










NUE553
Xba.
NUE553_
AATCTAGACTC
2636
NUE553_
AATCTAGAGA
2902
pGXN




EF_Xba
ACGAATCCACC

NF_
CACGGACCGA







GATCAG

Xba
ACAGCTAG





Sma
NUE553_
TCCCGGGACAC
2637
NOS_R
GCGGGACTCT
2903





ER_Sma
ACATCATGGCT


AATCATAAAA







GTTACAG


ACC






NUE553_
AATCTAGAGAC
2638








NF_
ACGGACCGAAC









Xba
AGCTAG









NUE553_
TCCCGGGCGAC
2639








NR_Sma
TTCATATACAGA










CGGATG










NUE511
Xba.
NUE511_
AATCTAGAGAT
2640
NUE511_
AATCTAGAGA
2904
pGXN




EF_Xba
TAGGAGCAGGG

EF_Xba
TTAGGAGCAG







ACCAATC


GGACCAATC





Sac
NUE511_
TGAGCTCTTAGG
2641
101_ER
GAAACACCAT
2905





NR_Sac
TACATGATGAC


CTTCGTTCTTG







ATTTCAGCA










NUE512
Xba.
NUE512_
AATCTAGACCT
2642
NUE512_
AATCTAGACCT
2906
pGXN




NF_
ATTGCTCATGAT

NF_
ATTGCTCATGA






Xba
GTTTGA

Xba
TGTTTGA





Sac
NUE512_
TGAGCTCTTACA
2643
Nos_R
GCGGGACTCT
2907





NR_Sac
AAGGCAGGAAA


AATCATAAAA







TACAGAAG


ACC







NUE542
XbaI,
NUE542_
TATCTAGAAATT
2644
NUE542_
GTACGTCTCCG
2908
pGXN




EF_XbaI
TAGCTCGTTGAT

seqF
TCCGACAAC







GATGG








SacI
NUE542_
TGAGCTCCTAGT
2645
101_ER
GAAACACCAT
2909





ER_sacI
GTCCATGTCAAT


CTTCGTTCTTG







GATGTC









NUE542_
TATCTAGATAGC
2646








NF_
TCGTTGATGATG









XbaI
GAGG









NUE542_
TGAGCTCTTATC
2647








NR_SacI
CATGTCAATGAT










GTCCATC










NUE569
SalI
NUE569_
AAAGTCGACGC
2648
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2910
pGXN




NF_SalI
TACTGCTTCTTC


GGCTTCTTGAG







TGTTCACC








SacI
NUE569_
TGAGCTCTACTA
2649
NUE569_
GAGATGGAGC
2911





NR_SacI
CCATAGAACTG

seqR
CTTGTCATGA







AAGAAGAAGTC










NUE244
SalI,
NUE244_
TTAGTCGACTAG
2650
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2912
pGXN




NF_SalI
ACTGATGGGAA


GGCTTCTTGAG







GTGTTCC








XbaI
NUE244_
TATCTAGACTAC
2651
NUE244_
TATCTAGACTA
2913





NR_
TACACGGATTG

NR_
CTACACGGATT






XbaI
CCCAAAC

XbaI
GCCCAAAC







NUE577

NUE577_
AATCTAGAGTTT
2652
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2914
TopoB




NF_
ATCTTGTTTTGG


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
GTTTGG









NUE577_
TCCCGGGGTGA
2653
NUE577_
TCCCGGGGTG
2915





NR_SmaI
AAGATCTCAGA

NR_SmaI
AAAGATCTCA







CCACCTC


GACCACCTC







NUE253
XbaI,
NUE253_
TATCTAGACTTC
2654
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2916
pKSJ




EF_XbaI
TTCCTCCATATC


GGCTTCTTGAG







ACACG








SmaI
NUE253_
TCCCGGGTCAC
2655








ER_SmaI
GTGGCATGCAT










GATCTG









NUE253_
TATCTAGAAAC
2656
NUE253_
TCCCGGGTCAT
2917





NF_
AATGGATGGGG

NR_SmaI
CACTCGCTCTC






XbaI
AGGAGGAC


GAATTCC






NUE253_
TCCCGGGTCATC
2657








NR_SmaI
ACTCGCTCTCGA










ATTCC










NUE583
XbaI.
NUE583_
TATCTAGACAC
2658
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2918
pGXN




EF_XbaI
GAATCAACCCA


GGCTTCTTGAG







CCAGAG








SacI
NUE583_
TGAGCTCTCAAT
2659
NUE583_
TGAGCTCTCAT
2919





ER_SacI
GCCGATCATCA

NR_SacI
CAGAACCGGA







GTGCTAAG


AGAAGTTGG






NUE583_
TATCTAGAAAC
2660








NF_
AATGCCTTGGGT









XbaI
TTATCATCC









NUE583_
TGAGCTCTCATC
2661








NR_SacI
AGAACCGGAAG










AAGTTGG










NUE235
XbaI,
NUE235_
TATCTAGAATTG
2662
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2920
pGXN




EF_XbaI
AGCAGAGGAGC


GGCTTCTTGAG







CATG








SacI
NUE235_
TGAGCTCCTACA
2663
NUE235_
TGAGCTCTTAA
2921





ER_SacI
CAGGGTGCCAG

NR_SacI
GTGCAAGTTGT







ATCTC


CAATCCTATTG






NUE235_
TATCTAGAGGA
2664








NF_
GCCATGGCCAA









XbaI
AATC









NUE235_
TGAGCTCTTAAG
2665








NR_SacI
TGCAAGTTGTCA










ATCCTATTG










NUE231




35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2922









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE231_
CCTGAGAGGG
2923








GA_
CGATCATATC









R








NUE513
XbaI,
NUE513_
AATCTAGAGAT
2666
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2924
pKSJ




NF_
GATGGTTTGATG


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
CAGATG








SmaI
NUE513_
TCCCGGGCTAA
2667
NUE513_
CTGCTTTGACA
2925





NR_SmaI
CGTAGTTTCTTA

seqR
TGGCTTAGAC







CCAACCAAAC










NUE516
SalI,
NUE516_
AATGTCGACGA
2668
p35S_F2
GGACAGGCTT
2926
pGXN




NF_SalI
GAGAAGGGTGT


CTTGAGATCCT







AATGAGCTG








XbaI
NUE516_
TATCTAGATCAT
2669
NUE516_
TATCTAGATCA
2927





NR_
CAGTAGGGGTT

NR_
TCAGTAGGGG






XbaI
CCTATGTGG

XbaI
TTCCTATGTGG







NUE223
SalI,
NUE223_
AAAGTCGACCA
2670
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2928
pGXN




NF_SalI
AGAGGTAGCAC


GGCTTCTTGAG







ATCCTCTCC








XbaI
NUE223_
ATTCTAGACCG
2671
NUE223_
ATTCTAGACCG
2929





NR_
GATTGAACTAA

NR_
GATTGAACTA






XbaI
TTAACGAC

XbaI
ATTAACGAC







NUE540
SalI,
NUE540_
AAAGTCGACAG
2672
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2930
pGXN




NF_SalI
GAAGATTGTGA


GGCTTCTTGAG







GCATTGAAG








XbaI
NUE540_
ATTCTAGACACC
2673
NUE540_
CATACCAACAT
2931





NR_
TAATGATCTCAC

ER_
GTTCGACCAC






XbaI
TTGTAAGG

NdeI








NUE544
SalI,
NUE544_
TTAGTCGACAG
2674
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2932
pKSJ




EF_SalI
CCTTGCCTTGTT


GGCTTCTTGAG







TCTTC








SmaI
NUE544_
TCCCGGGCAAC
2675
NUE544_
TCCCGGGCTTT
2933





ER_SmaI
TTATACACTCAA

NR_SmaI
CATCCATGTGT







CCAAAGC


GCAGTG






NUE544_
TTAGTCGACCAT
2676








NF_SalI
ACACACACAGT










GAGAGGTAGG









NUE544_
TCCCGGGCTTTC
2677








NR_SmaI
ATCCATGTGTGC










AGTG










NUE560
XbaI,
NUE560_
AATCTAGAAGA
2678
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2934
pGXN




EF_XbaI
AACCCAGAGGA


GGCTTCTTGAG







GCAGC








SacI
NUE560_
CGAGCTCAAGG
2679
NUE560_
TGAGCTCCTAC
2935





ER_SacI
GATTATTATTGC

NR_SacI
TTCTAGGCCTT







AGGTTG


GTTGCTGC






NUE560_
AATCTAGAGAA
2680








NF_
GCAGGAAGGAA









XbaI
GCAGAG









NUE560_
TGAGCTCCTACT
2681








NR_SacI
TCTAGGCCTTGT










TGCTGC










NUE563
XbaI,
NUE563_
AATCTAGAGAT
2682
NUE563_
ATTCTAGATCA
2936
pGXN




EF_XbaI
AACATCAGTAG

NF_
CAGCAACACA







TTCGCAGC

XbaI
ATCACCAC





SacI
NUE563_
CGAGCTCAACA
2683
101_R
AAGTTGGGTA
2937





ER_SacI
CACTCACACCA


ACGCCAGGGT







AAAGTCC









NUE563_
ATTCTAGATCAC
2684








NF_
AGCAACACAAT









XbaI
CACCAC









NUE563_
TGAGCTCCACTG
2685








NR_SacI
CTACTGAAGGC










AAATTC










NUE565
XbaI
NUE565_
ATTCTAGATTTT
2686
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2938
pGXN




EF_XbaI
CCTGGATTTTGT


GGCTTCTTGAG







TTTCTC








SacI
NUE565_
TGAGCTCTCAAT
2687
NUE565_
TGAGCTCCTAC
2939





ER_SacI
TAAAGAGTTAC

NR_SacI
TTGAGCCTTCT







CCTAACG


AGCTCTGTTC






NUE565_
ATTCTAGAGATT
2688








NF_
TGGGGAAAAGC









XbaI
TATGG









NUE565_
TGAGCTCCTACT
2689








NR_SacI
TGAGCCTTCTAG










CTCTGTTC










NUE566
SalI
NUE566_
TACGTCGACTTC
2690
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2940





EF_SalI
ACATGTCTTGAC


GGCTTCTTGAG







TAGTTCATATG









NUE566_
TAAGTCGACAC
2691
NUE566_
CGAAGGCATA
2941
Topo




ER_SalI
GATACATTCAAT

R
GACGTCTGTC







ACAATCACC









NUE566_
TTAGTCGACCTT
2692








NF_SalI
CCATCATGCTCC










CAAAG









NUE566_
TAAGTCGACTC
2693








NR_SalI
AACTCAGCATC










ACGTCTCAGC










NUE586
SalI,
NUE586_
AATGTCGACTC
2694
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2942
pKSJ




EF_SalI
GTTTCTCCTCTA


GGCTTCTTGAG







ACGTCAAC








SmaI
NUE586_
TCCCGGGTCAG
2695
NUE586_
CATCGAAGCA
2943





ER_SmaI
CAGCTCTCTGTC

R
CTTCTCAACTG







TGTTAC









NUE586_
ATAGTCGACGTT
2696








NF_SalI
TAACATAGTTG










GGGCTAGG









NUE586_
CCCCGGGATAA
2697








NR_SmaI
GCCAGGAGATG










AAAGGAG










NUE588
SalI,
NUE588_
AAAGTCGACGA
2698
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2944
pGXN




NF_SalI
TCGAAAAGAGA


GGCTTCTTGAG







AGAGGAGC








XbaI
NUE588_
ATTCTAGACTAA
2699
NUE588_
ATTCTAGACTA
2945





NR_
TCTCTCTCCCTC

NR_
ATCTCTCTCCC






XbaI
CCTCC

XbaI
TCCCTCC







NUE591




35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2946









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE591_
CTCTTGCAGCT
2947








GA_
CTTGATCTTC









R








NUE206
XbaI,
NUE206_
ATTCTAGAATTT
2700
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2948
pGN




EF_XbaI
ACACAGACTTG


GGCTTCTTGAG







TCGCTCTC








SalI
NUE206_
TATCTAGACTTC
2701
NUE206_
TATCTAGATCA
2949





ER_
TGATTCAGTGAC

NR_
TCAGTGACTGT






XbaI
TGTGAGC

XbaI
GAGCCTCGT






NUE206_
ATAGTCGACAA
2702








NF_SalI
CAATGGACAAA










TTTTGGAC









NUE206_
TATCTAGATCAT
2703








NR_
CAGTGACTGTG









XbaI
AGCCTCGT










NUE208
XbaI,
NUE208_
AATCTAGACTG
2704
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2950
pGN




EF_XbaI
AAAGAGAGAGA


GGCTTCTTGAG







GGTATGGC








SacI
NUE208_
TGAGCTCTGAAT
2705
NUE208_
TGAGCTCTTAT
2951





ER_SacI
TAGTCATCTATT

NR_SacI
TAGTCATCTAT







GGGTCC


TGGGTCCTGAG






NUE208_
TATCTAGAAAC
2706








NF_
AATGGCAGGTG









XbaI
AGGCAACTC









NUE208_
TGAGCTCTTATT
2707








NR_SacI
AGTCATCTATTG










GGTCCTGAG










NUE209
SalI,
NUE209_
AATGTCGACTTT
2708
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2952
pGN




EF_SalI
GTGATGACCCTT


GGCTTCTTGAG







TTAAGG








XbaI
NUE209_
ATTCTAGAGGT
2709
NUE209_
ATTCTAGATTA
2953





ER_
AGTTAGCCGGT

NR_
TTAGCCGGTCA






XbaI
CATGTTG

XbaI
TGTTGTAGTC






NUE209_
AATGTCGACAA
2710








NF_SalI
CAATGGATTGG










GAAAAACAGC









NUE209_
ATTCTAGATTAT
2711








NR_
TAGCCGGTCAT









XbaI
GTTGTAGTC










NUE210
SalI
NUE210_
TGAGTCGACGT
2712
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2954
pGN




EF_SalI
CTTGAAATGTTT


GGCTTCTTGAG







GGTGGGT








XbaI
NUE210_
TATCTAGACTTA
2713
NUE210_
TGTCTAGACTA
2955





ER_
CTTGCCCTTTGC

NR_
TGCTATGAGG






XbaI
TTATGA

XbaI
AAAAGAAACT










AAGC






NUE210_
AATGTCGACAA
2714








NF_SalI
CAATGTTTGGTG










GGTTCAATGTG










TGTCTAGACTAT
2715








NUE210_
GCTATGAGGAA









NR_
AAGAAACTAAG









XbaI
C










NUE211




35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2956









GGCTTCTTGAG







GeneArt




NOS_R
GCGGGACTCT
2957









AATCATAAAA










ACC







NUE212
XbaI
NUE212_
ATTCTAGAATAT
2716
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2958
pGN




EF_XbaI
CATAATGAAAG


GGCTTCTTGAG







GGATTCG








SacI
NUE212_
TGAGCTCCCATT
2717
NUE212_
TGAGCTCTTAT
2959





ER_SacI
AGAACCGAGAC

NEW_
TAGAACCGAG







TGAAG

NR_SacI
ACTGAAGATA










CTTA






NUE212_
TATCTAGAAAC
2718








NF_
AATGAAAGGGA









XbaI
TTCGCTCC









NUE212_
TGAGCTCTTATT
2719








NR_SacI
AGAACCGAGAC










TGAAGATACTT










A










NUE221
EcoRV
NUE221_
AAGATATCAAT
2720
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2960
pKSJ




EF_EcoRV
GACTTTCCCCAT


GGCTTCTTGAG







CTATCC









NUE221_
ACGATATCAAT
2721
NUE221_
ATGATATCCAT
2961





ER_EcoRV
CGACCAACAAC

NR_
TACATGTGTGT







TAACATTAC

EcoRV
ATCCGACG






NUE221_
AAGATATCCTTC
2722








NF_EcoRV
TAATAATCAAC










CGACAGG









NUE221_
ATGATATCCATT
2723








NR_
ACATGTGTGTAT









EcoRV
CCGACG










NUE222
SalI,
NUE222_
ATAGTCGACGG
2724
NUE222_
AGTTGCATCGA
2962
pGN




EF_SalI
GAAGTATCATT

seq_F1
TCTTGATCTTG







AGTTCATTACC








XbaI
NUE222_
TATCTAGACTAG
2725
101_ER
CTGCAAGGCG
2963





ER_
TATCCCTAACGT


ATTAAGTTGG






XbaI
AACAAAGACTC









NUE222_
AATGTCGACTTA
2726








NF_SalI
CCATGGGAGAC










TATAACATG









NUE222_
TATCTAGACTAC
2727








NR_
TAACGTAACAA









XbaI
AGACTCTTCACA










NUE229
XbaI
NUE229_
TATCTAGACTGT
2728
NUE229_
GCAAGGTTAG
2964
pGN




EF_XbaI
CTGTTTGCCTGT

seq_F1
CTTCATGACG







CGAG








SmaI
NUE229_
TCCCGGGATACT
2729
101_ER
GAAACACCAT
2965





ER_SmaI
CAAATCAAATG


CTTCGTTCTTG







AAAGTCCG









NUE229_
CATCTAGACAA
2730








NF_
CAATGGCGAGG









XbaI
ATGATC









NUE229_
TCCCGGGTTAG
2731








NR_SmaI
ATAGAAGTTTAT










CCCATCAGGG










NUE254
SalI
NUE254_
AATGTCGACAG
2732
NUE254_
AATGTCGACCT
2966
pGN




EF_SalI
TCTGCACTGGA

NF_SalI
GGAAGGACAG







AGGACAG


CATGTCG





XbaI
NUE254_
TATCTAGACTTG
2733
101_R
AAGTTGGGTA
2967





ER_
TTGCCAGCATCT


ACGCCAGGGT






XbaI
CTTATG









NUE254_
AATGTCGACCT
2734








NF_SalI
GGAAGGACAGC










ATGTCG









NUE254_
TATCTAGACTAT
2735








NR_
GACTAGCTGAT









XbaI
GGAGTCCTCC










NUE267

NUE267_
CTTCTTCAATGG
2736
NUE267_
CTTCTTCAATG
2968
Topo




F
CGACGG

F
GCGACGG






NUE267_
TAGTCATGCAA
2737
101_ER
GAAACACCAT
2969





R
ATATTTAATCTT


CTTCGTTCTTG







GGAACCC










NUE519
SalI,
NUE519_
TTAGTCGACTTA
2738
NUE519_
TTAGTCGACTT
2970
pGN




NF_SalI
AGATGGCCAAG

NF_SalI
AAGATGGCCA







GTTAACG


AGGTTAACG





XbaI
NUE519_
TATCTAGACTAA
2739
101_ER
CTGCAAGGCG
2971





NR_
TGCCGTTGCTTC


ATTAAGTTGG






XbaI
TAGTAATAG










NUE549
XbaI,
NUE549_
TATCTAGATCCT
2740
NUE549_
CAGCTGTGGA
2972
pGN




EF_XbaI
CTCCCTAGCTAG

seq_F3
AGGCATCAAC







CAAG








SacI
NUE549_
TGAGCTCCTAAT
2741
101_R
AAGTTGGGTA
2973





ER_SacI
CACCCTGGCTGT


ACGCCAGGGT







TGAC









NUE549_
TATCTAGATCCC
2742








NF_
TAGCTAGCAAG









XbaI
CTCTAG









NUE549_
TGAGCTCCCTTA
2743








NR_SacI
ATGCCATGCTGC










G










NUE572
XbaI,
NUE572_
ATTCTAGATACA
2744
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2974
pGN




NF_
TCGTCTTCACCT


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
AATTTTC








SacI
NUE572_
CGAGCTCAACA
2745
NUE572_
CGAGCTCAAC
2975





NR_SacI
AGCAAACTAAA

NR_SacI
AAGCAAACTA







CGTGAAC


AACGTGAAC







NUE592
EcoRV
NUE592_
ATGATATCAAA
2746
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2976
pKSJ




EF_EcoRV
TCCGGTGGAC


GGCTTCTTGAG






NUE592_
TAGATATCCAA
2747
NUE592_
TAGATATCGTT
2977





ER_EcoRV
CACTCACTAGG

NR_
GAACGCTCCA







GAGCACAG

EcoRV
CATCATG






NUE592_
TAGATATCAGA
2748








NF_EcoRV
ATTCGCAGGGA










TGCC









NUE592_
TAGATATCGTTG
2749








NR_
AACGCTCCACA









EcoRV
TCATG










NUE248
XbaI,
NUE248_
GCTCTAGAAGG
2750
NUE248_
GCTCTAGAAG
2978
pGN




NF_
CGAGATGTGGG

NF_
GCGAGATGTG






XbaI
AGTC

XbaI
GGAGTC





SacI
NUE248_
TGAGCTCCTACT
2751

GCGGGACTCT
2979





NR_SacI
AGGCCTTCTCCT

NOS_R
AATCATAAAA







TTGTTG


ACC







NUE590

NUE590_
AATCTAGACAA
2752
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2980
TopoB




EF_XbaI
CTGCAACTGCA


GGCTTCTTGAG







ACTAGC









NUE590_
CGAGCTCACAG
2753








ER_SacI
CTAAACATCAA










TCCTCTTC








SacI
NUE590_
TGAGCTCTGCA
2754
NUE590_
TGAGCTCCTCA
2981





NF_SacI
AGCAATCACCA

NR_SacI
TTTTATTTGCT







GTTTG


GCGTG






NUE590_
TGAGCTCCTCAT
2755








NR_SacI
TTTATTTGCTGC










GTG










NUE245




35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2982









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE245_
CTCGGTGTTCT
2983








GA_
TGATGGTCAC









R1








NUE520




35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2984









GGCTTCTTGAG












NUE520_
TTCTTGACCTT
2985



GA




GA_
GGTCAGCTTG









R2








NUE574

NUE574_
Agattagtcccaaagatta
2756
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
2986
Topo




EF_SmaI
ttcg


GGCTTCTTGAG





SmaI
NUE574_
Gacattgtggggaagcta
2757
NUE574_
gcatgtaattgtagctttc
2987





ER_SmaI
ct

NR_SmaI
tttt






NUE574_
Gatacaaagaattcgcttt
2758








NF_SmaI
gc









NUE574_
gcatgtaattgtagctttctt
2759








NR_SmaI
tt










NUE224
XbaI.
NUE224_
TATCTAGAGTTT
2760
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
2988
pGXN




EF_
GCTTGCTTACCA


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
GGAG








SmaI
NUE224_
TCCCGGGTTAGC
2761
NUE224_
TCCCGGGTTAG
2989





ER_
AGCATCGATCG

ER_SmaI
CAGCATCGATC






SmaI
TACACTAG


GTACACTAG







NUE225
SalI,
NUE225_
AATGTCGACGA
2762
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
2990
pGXN




NF_
GTTTACAAGAG


GGCTTCTTGAG






SalI
ACCCAGACG








XbaI
NUE225_
ACTCTAGAATTC
2763
NUE225_
ACTCTAGAATT
2991





NR_
AGTCATAGATC

NR_
CAGTCATAGAT






XbaI
GCCTTG

XbaI
CGCCTTG







NUE230




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
2992









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE230_
GGATCTTGATG
2993








GA_
TACACGTTTGG









R1








NUE234




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
2994









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE234_
CGATGTTGCAC
2995








GA_
CTCTTTGG









R1








NUE239




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
2996









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE239_
CGAAATCCTCT
2997








GA_
GGGAATGAC









R1








NUE240




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
2998









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE240_
CCTCAGTAGA
2999








GA_
GAGAGACTCG









R1
TCG







NUE246




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3000









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE246_
CAACACTTGCA
3001








GA_
TCACCCTAGTC









R1








NUE249




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3002









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE249_
CCACCTCAAG
3003








GA_
AACAGTAACG









R1
AG







NUE250




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3004









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE250_
GAAGGTAGAG
3005








GA_
TGCAGCATGG









R1








NUE252
XbaI,
NUE252_
TATCTAGATTGG
2764
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3006





EF_
TCACAGGGGAT


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
AGGC








SacI
NUE252_
TGAGCTCCTAA
2765
NUE252_
SacI
3007
pGXN




ER_
GATGCTGCTTTC

NR_
TGAGCTCCTAC






SacI
TCAGACTATG


TATGCCAAAG










AACCTTCATG






NUE252_
TATCTAGAGAA
2766








NF_
ATTGTGTTTGTT









XbaI
TGATGGG









NUE252_
TGAGCTCCTACT
2767








NR_
ATGCCAAAGAA









SacI
CCTTCATG










NUE265
XbaI,
NUE265_
TATCTAGAGAG
2768
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3008
pGXN




NF_
AAATGACAAGT


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
GTCTGGAAG








SacI
NUE265_
TGAGCTCGGAG
2769
NUE265_
TGAGCTCGGA
3009





NR_
TGATCACTACTG

NR_SacI
GTGATCACTAC






SacI
CTTCTCC


TGCTTCTCC









NUE268_
AATGTCGACTG
2770
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3010
pGXN


NUE268
SalI
NF_
AAGATGGCTGA


GGCTTCTTGAG






SalI
CGATTTG









NUE268_
TATCTAGACTAG
2771
NUE268_
TATCTAGACTA
3011




XbaI
NR_
TCTTAGCCACCA

NR_
GTCTTAGCCAC






XbaI
CCAGAAC

XbaI
CACCAGAAC







NUE514
XbaI,
NUE514_
AATCTAGAGGA
2772
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3012
pGXN




EF_
TTGAGACATGC


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
ACTTAACAG








SacI
NUE514_
TGAGCTCTTTTG
2773
NUE514_
TGAGCTCCTAC
3013





ER_
AGCACCTCTTAT

NR_SacI
AATACACCTCT






SacI
TTAGC


TGACATCCTTC






NUE514_
AATCTAGAACT
2774








NF_
CATCAGCAACT









XbaI
ACAACGTG









NUE514_
TGAGCTCCTACA
2775








NR_
ATACACCTCTTG









SacI
ACATCCTTC










NUE515
SalI,
NUE515_
TAAGTCGACGA
2776
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3014
pGXN




NF_
TACAATGAGAA


GGCTTCTTGAG






SalI
TGTTAGTTCTTC










G








XbaI
NUE515_
TATCTAGATCAT
2777
NUE515_
TATCTAGATCA
3015





NR_
CACCATCGTCTT

NR_
TCACCATCGTC






XbaI
ATCAATGAAG

XbaI
TTATCAATGAA










G







NUE523
SmaI,
NUE523_
ACCCGGGTCGT
2778
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3016
Topo




EF_
CTCATCAATTCA


GGCTTCTTGAG






SmaI
AGATCC








SacI
NUE523_
TGAGCTCCCCTT
2779
NUE523_
TGAGCTCCCCT
3017





ER_
CAAACTAATCA

ER_SacI
TCAAACTAATC






SacI
ATCTTG


AATCTTG







NUE525




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3018
pQXYN








GGCTTCTTGAG




GA




NUE525_
GTACTGAAGCT
3019








GA_
CGTCCTGGAC









R








NUE527
XbaI
NUE527
AATCTAGAAAG
2780
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3020
pKSJ




EF
AGCACCACCAG


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
AGCAG








EcoRV
NUE527_
TTGATATCCTTT
2781
NUE527_
TTGATATCCTT
3021





ER_
ATGTCACCATTC

ER_
TATGTCACCAT






EcoRV
ATCTCAG

EcoRV
TCATCTCAG







NUE532
XbaI,
NUE532_
AATCTAGACTG
2782
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3022
pGXN




EF_
GTTTAGGAGAC


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
GAAAAGG








SacI
NUE532_
AGAGCTCCTATC
2783
NUE532_
AGAGCTCCTAC
3023





ER_
TCAACTCCATCG

NR_SacI
TACTCAACTTC






SacI
CCTCAG


TCTGATGATTC






NUE532_
AATCTAGAAGT
2784

TC






NF_
GCTCTCCGGTTT









XbaI
GAGG_









NUE532_
AGAGCTCCTACT
2785








NR_
ACTCAACTTCTC









SacI
TGATGATTCTC










NUE533




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3024
pQXYN








GGCTTCTTGAG




GA




NUE533_
GGTTAGACAC
3025








GA_
GAGCTTCTCAG









R
AC







NUE536
XbaI,
NUE536_
ATTCTAGAGCCT
2786
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3026
pGXN




EF_
TCTGATTCCCAC


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
TCC








SacI
NUE536_
TGAGCTCTGGA
2787
NUE536_
CGAGCTCAAA
3027





ER_
GTATCTGGTTTA

NR_SacI
GTCTCACTCCG






SacI
GTTCGTC


CACTACAC






NUE536_
AATCTAGACCT
2788








NF_
ACTATACTTGCA









XbaI
ACCTCTCC









NUE536_
CGAGCTCAAAG
2789








NR_
TCTCACTCCGCA









SacI
CTACAC










NUE547




p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3028
pQXYN








GGCTTCTTGAG




GA




NUE547_
GTGTGCAGCTC 
3029








GA_
GAACTTGG









R








NUE550
SmaI
NUE550_
ACCCGGGGTAA
2790
p35S_F2
GGACAGGCTT
3030
pKSJ




EF_
CACTATCAAGA


CTTGAGATCCT






SmaI
GACGATGAAG









NUE550_
TCCCGGGGTTTA
2791
NUE550_
TCCCGGGAATC
3031





ER_
CATTGTTCTCGT

NR_SmaI
TTTATTAACGA






SmaI
TTCAAATC


AACAGCAG






NUE550_
ACCCGGGCTAT
2792








NF_
CAAGAGACGAT









SmaI
GAAGGTTG









NUE550_
TCCCGGGAATCT
2793








NR_
TTATTAACGAA









SmaI
ACAGCAG










NUE564
XbaI,
NUE564_
AATCTAGACTTC
2794
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3032
pGXN




EF_
AAGCAGGCAGC


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
ACAC








SacI
NUE564_
CGAGCTCAAAG
2795
NUE564_
TGAGCTCCTAC
3033





ER_
GGTCCATCATA

NR_SacI
ATGTCCCTTAG






SacI
ATCACAG


ATTGCTCTATT






NUE564_
TATCTAGAGGA
2796

C






NF_
AACCTTGAGCC









XbaI
ATGG









NUE564_
TGAGCTCCTACA
2797








NR_
TGTCCCTTAGAT









SacI
TGCTCTATTC










NUE576
SalI,
NUE576_
AAAGTCGACAG
2798
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3034
pGXN




EF_
GAACAGCAACA


GGCTTCTTGAG






SalI
AAAGTAAGC








SmaI
NUE576_
TCCCGGGCTAA
2799
NUE576_
TCCCGGGCTAA
3035





ER_
ACTGTCCCATTC

NR_SmaI
GTAGCATGAG






SmaI
TGCGTG


G






NUE576_
AAAGTCGACCA
2800








NF_SalI
ACAACCACACA










CACTCACAG









NUE576_
TCCCGGGCTAA
2801








NR_
GTAGCATGAGT









SmaI
CTAGAGCTTGG










NUE579
SalI,
NUE579_
AATGTCGACTCT
2802
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3036
pGXN




NF_
CAAAACCCTAA


GGCTTCTTGAG






SalI
CTGTTTCC_








XbaI
NUE579_
ATTCTAGACAG
2803
NUE579_
ATTCTAGACAG
3037





NR_
GATAATAGATA

NR_
GATAATAGAT






XbaI
GTCACACGAGG

XbaI
AGTCACACGA










GG




NUE581
SalI,
NUE581_
AAAGTCGACCA
2804
p35S_F1
GGAGAGGACA
3038
pGXN




EF_
AAAGAATCTGT


GGCTTCTTGAG






SalI
CTTCTTCTCTG








XbaI
NUE581_
ATTCTAGACTAT
2805
NUE581_
ACTCTAGATTA
3039





ER_
CCAAGAAGGAA

NR_
GAACCACAAA






XbaI
CAATGAGG

XbaI
AGATTACAAC










ATC






NUE581_
AAAGTCGACGG
2806








NF_
TAAAATATCTTT









SalI
CTTGTGCAG









NUE581_
ACTCTAGATTAG
2807








NR_
AACCACAAAAG









XbaI
ATTACAACATC










MAB52




6669F
TCAGCCACCCA
3040
pGN








AACCATGAC




GA




MAB52
GAAGTCCTGA
3041








_R_Seq
GACCGTTGATA










G







MAB106

MAB106_
GTTCCAGTTGAG
2808
T7-1
TACGACTCACT
3042
pGN




EF
CGAGCAG


ATAGGGCGA





EcoRV,
MAB106_
TTGATATCCCAG
2809
MAB106_
AAGATATCGT
3043





ER_
TCTGTTTATTGC

NR_
GCTAAACTATA






EcoRV
ATCATC

EcoRV
CATCAAACGT










G





PstI
MAB106_
AACTGCAGGAT
2810








NF_PstI
CATCCTCACATT










GCGAG









MAB106_
AAGATATCGTG
2811








NR_
CTAAACTATAC









EcoRV
ATCAAACGTG










NUE251




35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
3044









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE251_
GAAGTACCAC
3045








GA_
CAGTTGAAGA









R
AGC







NUE545
SalI,
NUE545_
TATGTCGACAG
2812
NUE545_
GCAACAATTGT
3046
pGXN




NF_SalI
GTTATGGGGAA

F
GGAGTCAACA







GAAGCTAG


C





XbaI
NUE545_
TATCTAGATCAT
2813
101_R
AAGTTGGGTA
3047





NR_
CAGTAGCCACG


ACGCCAGGGT






XbaI
AACTTGTCTAG










NUE570
Sal,
NUE570_
TTCGTCGACTAA
2814
NUE570_
CTTTGAGACGT
3048
pKSJ




NF
GCACAAATGGC

SeqF
TAGCTGTTGAG






Sal
GACTC








Sma
NUE570
ACCCGGGTCAA
2815
101_R
AAGTTGGGTA
3049





NR
GGAGCTGAAAC


ACGCCAGGGT






Sma
ACTAGAGTTACT










NUE571
Sal,
NUE571_
GTAGTCGACTTC
2816
NUE571_
GTAGTCGACTT
3050
pGXN




NF_Sal
ACATGGGAAAG

NF_Sal
CACATGGGAA







GATAAGAC


AGGATAAGAC





Xba
NUE571
AATCTAGATCA
2817
101_R
AAGTTGGGTA
3051





NR
CTGATATAGTCC


ACGCCAGGGT






Xba
ACGTCCTAAGG










NUE578
XbaI,
NUE578_
AATCTAGAATA
2818
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
3052
pGXN




EF_XbaI
TCCTCCCATTCT


GGCTTCTTGAG







CATTCTG








SmaI
NUE578_
TCCCGGGCTAAT
2819
NUE578_
TCCCGGGCTAA
3053





ER_SmaI
GCAATCTCCAA

NR_SmaI
GAAAAGGTAG







CTCCAAG


GAGAAGGAAG










G






NUE578_
AATCTAGAAGC
2820








NF_
GGAGAAGAGGA









XbaI
AGGAG









NUE578_
TCCCGGGCTAA
2821








NR_SmaI
GAAAAGGTAGG










AGAAGGAAGG










NUE580
XbaI,
NUE580_
AATCTAGACGG
2822
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
3054
pGXN




NF_
AATATACATTTG


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
CTTTGTG








SmaI
NUE580_
TCCCGGGCTACT
2823
NUE580_
TCCCGGGCTAC
3055





NR_SmaI
GCTGAATGCTCT

NR_SmaI
TGCTGAATGCT







CTTTGC


CTCTTTGC







NUE582
XbaI
NUE582_
AATCTAGAAAT
2824
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
3056
pGXN




NF_
CATCCTTCCCCA


GGCTTCTTGAG






XbaI
ACCTC








SmaI
NUE582_
CCCCGGGACCC
2825
NUE582_
CCCCGGGACC
3057





NR_SmaI
AAACAGTCATG

NR_SmaI
CAAACAGTCA







CTAGG


TGCTAGG







NUE584
SalI,
NUE584_
AAAGTCGACAA
2826
35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
3058
pGXN




NF_SalI
GGTTGGAGATT


GGCTTCTTGAG







GTGAAATTG








SacI
NUE584_
CGAGCTCATACT
2827
NUE584_
CGAGCTCATAC
3059





NR_SacI
CTACGTTCCCGT

NR_SacI
TCTACGTTCCC







GTGG


GTGTGG







NUE593




35S_1F
GGAGAGGACA
3060









GGCTTCTTGAG







GA




NUE593_
GTAGCCTGAA
3061








GA_
CAGCAGAACC









R








CT1
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2828



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2829









AAATGCCATC










CT11
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2830



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2831









AAATGCCATC










CT2
XbaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2832



pKS





CGCCAGGGT









Forward
ATGGGGCAACA
2833









TCACTTGGG










CT20
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2834



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2835









AAATGCCATC










CT22
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2836



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2837









AAATGCCATC










CT27
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2838



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








EcoRV
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2839









AAATGCCATC










CT3
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2840



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2841









AAATGCCATC










CT40
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2842



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2843









AAATGCCATC










CT6
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2844



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2845









AAATGCCATC










CT7
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2846









CGCCAGGGT




pKS



EcoRV
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2847









AAATGCCATC










CT71
XbaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2848



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2849









AAATGCCATC










CT74
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2850



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2851









AAATGCCATC










CT75
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2852



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








EcoRV
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2853









AAATGCCATC










CT76
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2854



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2855









AAATGCCATC










CT81
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2856



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2857









AAATGCCATC










CT82
SmaI
Reverse
AAGTTGGGTAA
2858



pKS





CGCCAGGGT








SacI
Forward
GGTGGCTCCTAC
2859









AAATGCCATC





Table 22: Provided are the sequences of the primers used for cloning the indicated genes and for screening of cloned binary plasmids. Primers are provided from 5′ → 3′. “EF” = external forward primer; “ER” external reverse primer; “NF” nested forward primer; “NR” nested reverse primer. Unless indicated otherwise, all genes were cloned from RNA molecules. “GA” = GeneArt, synthetically prepared genes; “Enz.” = Enzyme; “Plas.” = Plasmid.






Each digested PCR product was inserted into a high copy vector originated from pBlue-script KS plasmid vector (pBlue-script KS plasmid vector, Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) stratagene (dot) com/manuals/212205 (dot) pdf). In case of the high copy vector originated from pBlue-script KS plasmid vector (pGN) PCR product was inserted in the high copy plasmid upstream to the NOS terminator (SEQ ID NO:3064) originated from pBI 101.3 binary vector (GenBank Accession No. U12640, nucleotides 4417 to 4693). In other cases the PCR product was inserted into the pCR®-BluntII-TOPO® high copy vector (ZeroBlunt® TOPO® PCR cloning Kit, Invitrogene). Some of the genes were synthetically synthesized ordered from a commercial supplier (GeneArt, GmbH) those genes were received into the pQXYN, pGXN high copy vectors obtained from the suppliers.


Sequencing of the inserted genes was performed, using the ABI 377 sequencer (Applied Biosystems). In some cases, after confirming the sequences of the cloned genes, the cloned cDNA accompanied with the NOS terminator was introduced into the binary vectors pGI containing the 35S promoter via digestion with appropriate restriction endonucleases. In other cases the cloned cDNA accompanied with the 35S promoter was introduced into the pGI vector. In any case the insert was followed by single copy of the NOS terminator (SEQ ID NO: 3064). The digested products and the linearized plasmid vector were ligated using T4 DNA ligase enzyme (Roche, Switzerland)


For some of the cloned polynucleotides, instead of amplifying the sequence from cDNA, synthetic sequences were ordered from a commercial supplier (GeneArt, GmbH). Thus, no primers were used for the amplification of the synthetic genes. To optimize the coding sequences of the synthetic genes, codon-usage Tables calculated from plant transcriptomes were used (example of such Tables can be found in the Codon Usage Database available online at Hypertext Transfer Protocol://World Wide Web (dot) kazusa (dot) or (dot) jp/codon/). The optimized coding sequences is designed in a way that no changes are introduced in the encoded amino acid sequence while using codons preferred for expression in dicotyledonous plants mainly tomato and Arabidopsis; and monocotyledonous plants such as maize. Such optimized sequences promote better translation rate and therefore higher protein expression levels. To the optimized sequences flanking additional unique restriction enzymes sites were added- to facilitate the cloning of the genes into the binary vectors.


The pPI and pGI binary vector plasmids were used to introduce the gene constructs into plants. pPI plasmid was constructed by inserting a synthetic poly-(A) signal sequence, originating from pGL3 basic plasmid vector (Promega, Acc. No. U47295; bp 4658-4811) into the HindIII restriction site of the binary vector pBI101.3 (Clontech, Acc. No. U12640). In some cases the backbone binary plasmid used was pGI which is similar to pPI but the GUS gene was replaced by the GUS-Intron gene (Vancanneyt. G, et al MGG 220, 245-50, 1990). pPI or pGI plasmid was used to clone the polynucleotide sequences, initially under the control of 35S promoter [Odell, J T, et al. Nature 313, 810-812 (28 Feb. 1985); SEQ ID NO: 3063] or Arabidopsis thaliana promoter At6669 (SEQ ID NO:3064, PCT Publication No. WO2004/104162). The At6669 or the CaMV 35S promoter sequence (set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3063) is inserted in the pPI or pGI binary vector, upstream to the cloned genes by using the restriction enzymes HindIII and SalI or BamHI (Roche, Switzerland). The digested PCR product and the linearized plasmid vector were ligated using T4 DNA ligase enzyme (Roche, Switzerland), as described above.


60 μL of E. coli, strain DH5-α competent cells (about 109 cells/mL) were transformed using 1 μl of ligation reaction mixture by electroporation, using a MicroPulser electroporator (Biorad), 0.2 cm cuvettes (Biorad) and EC-2 electroporation program (Biorad). E. coli cells were grown on 0.8 mL LB liquid medium at 37° C. for 1 hrs and 0.2 mL of the cell suspension were plated on LB-agar plates supplemented with the antibiotics kanamycin 50 mg/L (Sigma). Plates were then incubated at 37° C. for 16 hrs. Bacteria colonies were grown and expression was confirmed by PCR amplification using the primers sets detailed in Table 22, above, which were designed to span the inserted sequence in the binary vector.


PCR products were separated on 1.5% agarose gels and product sizes were estimated by comparing to DNA ladder (MBI Fermentas).









TABLE 23







Cloned sequences











SEQ ID NO: of

SEQ ID NO: of




cloned or
Gene
the encoded




synthetic gene
Name
polypeptide
Cluster
Cloning Method














2398
CT1
2523
cotton|gb164|AI725990_T1
cloned


2399
CT11
2524
cotton|gb164|AI725968_T1
cloned


2400
CT2
2525
cotton|gb164|AI727334_T1
cloned


2401
CT20
2526
cotton|gb164|AI726497_T1
cloned


2402
CT22
2527
cotton|gb164|BG440027_T1
cloned


2403
CT27
2528
cotton|gb164|AF336280_T1
cloned


2404
CT3
144
cotton|gb164|AI725456_T1
cloned


2405
CT40
145
cotton|gb164|BE052317_T1
cloned


2406
CT6
2529
cotton|gb164|AI726479_T1
cloned


2407
CT7
147
cotton|gb164|AI727027_T1
cloned


2408
CT71
148
cotton|gb164|AI725508_T1
cloned


2409
CT74
149
cotton|gb164|AI725950_T1
cloned


2410
CT75
2530
cotton|gb164|AI726599_T1
cloned


2411
CT76
2531
cotton|gb164|AI726155_T1
cloned


2412
CT81
2532
cotton|gb164|AI726693_T1
cloned


2413
CT82
153
cotton|gb164|BQ402794_T1
cloned


2414
MAB106
154
barley|gb157.2|AL450627_T1
cloned


2415
MAB52
155
rice|gb157.2|AU070543_T1
synthesized_optimized


2416
NUE206
158

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G24960_T1

cloned


2417
NUE208
2533
tomato|gb164|BG124666_T1
cloned


2418
NUE209
160
tomato|gb164|BG134403_T1
cloned


2419
NUE210
2534
tomato|gb157|TOMTRALTAB_T1
cloned


2420
NUE211
162
rice|gb157.2|AU174544_T1
synthesized_optimized


2421
NUE212
163
cotton|gb164|CO081293_T1
cloned


2422
NUE221
164
rice|gb157.2|BI305241_T1
cloned


2423
NUE222
165

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G31820_T1

cloned


2424
NUE223
166
rice|gb157.2|AW069985_T1
cloned


2425
NUE224
167
rice|gb157.2|AW155063_T1
cloned


2426
NUE225
168
rice|gb157.2|BE039221_T1
cloned


2427
NUE227
169
rice|gb157.2|AU056888_T1
cloned


2428
NUE228
170
rice|gb157.2|AA753730_T1
synthesized_optimized


2429
NUE229
2535
maize|gb164|AW455682_T1
cloned


2430
NUE230
172
rice|gb157.2|AA749861_T1
synthesized_optimized


2431
NUE231
173
rice|gb157.2|AK108994_T1
synthesized_optimized


2432
NUE233
174
rice|gb157.2|CB640732_T1
cloned


2433
NUE234
175
poplar|gb157.2|BU868634_T1
synthesized_optimized


2434
NUE235
176
soybean|gb162|CA852963_T1
cloned


2435
NUE237
177
rice|gb157.2|BI811377_T1
cloned


2436
NUE239
178
poplar|gb157.2|BU880014_T1
synthesized_optimized


2437
NUE240
179
poplar|gb157.2|AJ407707_T1
synthesized_optimized


2438
NUE241
180
tomato|gb164|BG129806_T1
cloned


2439
NUE242
2536
tomato|gb164|BG791300_T1
cloned


2440
NUE244
182
soybean|gb162|CF808561_T1
cloned


2441
NUE245
2537
rice|gb157.2|AT003383_T1
synthesized_optimized


2442
NUE246
184
grape|gb160|CF207859_T1
synthesized


2443
NUE248
2538
maize|gb157|BG354535_T1
cloned


2444
NUE249
186
rice|gb157.2|AU029933_T1
synthesized_optimized


2445
NUE250
187
rice|gb157.2|AK102239_T1
synthesized_optimized


2446
NUE251
188

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI947781_T1

synthesized_optimized


2447
NUE252
189

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G58030_T1

cloned


2448
NUE253
190
rice|gb157.2|AF145730_T1
cloned


2449
NUE254
2539
maize|gb164|AI600563_T1
cloned


2450
NUE255
2540
rice|gb157.2|CB000630_T1
cloned


2451
NUE256
193
wheat|gb164|BE415875_T1
synthesized_optimized


2452
NUE265
194
rice|gb157.2|BE039218_T1
cloned


2453
NUE267
195

arabidopsis|gb165|AT5G60680_T1

cloned


2454
NUE268
196
rice|gb157.2|AA750934_T1
cloned


2455
NUE269
2541
cotton|gb164|AI730085_T1
cloned


2456
NUE49
2542
maize|gb154|AW037179_T1
synthesized_optimized


2457
NUE50
2543
maize|gb164|AW287760_T1
cloned


2458
NUE511
2544
maize|gb157|AW360667_T1
cloned


2459
NUE512
201

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT5G23460_T1

cloned


2460
NUE513
2545

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G26100_T1

cloned


2461
NUE514
2546
soybean|gb162|SOYHPR_T1
cloned


2462
NUE515
2547

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G44920_T1

cloned


2463
NUE516
205

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G48210_T1

cloned


2464
NUE519
2548
wheat|gb164|BE445396_T1
cloned


2465
NUE520
207
rice|gb157.2|BI305493_T1
synthesized


2466
NUE521
208
rice|gb157.2|AU077950_T1
cloned


2467
NUE523
209

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901439_T1

cloned


2468
NUE525
210

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW052978_T1

synthesized_optimized


2469
NUE527
211

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW055409_T1

cloned


2470
NUE528
212

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI372194_T1

cloned


2471
NUE531
213
rice|gb157.2|BI805136_T1
synthesized_optimized


2472
NUE532
214
maize|gb164|AW054475_T1
cloned


2473
NUE533
215
soybean|gb166|AW350050_T1
cloned


2474
NUE535
2549

sorghum|gb161.crp|BE599042_T1

cloned


2475
NUE536
217
maize|gb164|BQ279657_T1
cloned


2476
NUE537
218
barley|gb157.2|AJ234408_T1
cloned


2477
NUE538
219

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW923729_T1

cloned


2478
NUE539
220
rice|gb157.2|AW155216_T1
synthesized_optimized


2479
NUE540
2550

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G13980_T1

cloned


2480
NUE542
2551

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT3G46280_T1

cloned


2481
NUE543
223
rice|gb157.2|AK063415_T1
synthesized_optimized


2482
NUE544
2552
cotton|gb164|BQ412384_T1
cloned


2483
NUE545
2553
cotton|gb164|AI055737_T1
cloned


2484
NUE547
226

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BI139559_T1

synthesized_optimized


2485
NUE548
227

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BQ279657_T1

cloned


2486
NUE549
228

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AF019147_T1

cloned


2487
NUE550
229
canola|gb161|EE559843_T1
cloned


2488
NUE551
2554
barley|gb157.3|BE420701_T1
cloned


2489
NUE553
231
barley|gb157.3|BE421829_T1
cloned


2490
NUE554
232

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AA011880_T1

cloned


2491
NUE560
233
rice|gb157.2|BE229552_T1
cloned


2492
NUE562
2555
rice|gb157.2|BE039784_T1
cloned


2493
NUE563
235
rice|gb157.2|AU057884_T1
cloned


2494
NUE564
236
maize|gb164|AI619269_T1
cloned


2495
NUE565
237

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT5G15080_T1

cloned


2496
NUE566
238

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G43700_T1

cloned


2497
NUE567
239

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G60680_T1

cloned


2498
NUE568
240

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G78450_T1

cloned


2499
NUE569
241

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G03890_T1

cloned


2500
NUE570
242

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G43910_T1

cloned


2501
NUE571
243

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT1G47530_T1

cloned


2502
NUE572
244

arabidopsis|gb157.2|AT2G24240_T1

cloned


2503
NUE573
245

arabidopsis|gb165|AT4G15390_T1

cloned


2504
NUE574
2556
rice|gb157.2|BI807603_T1
cloned


2505
NUE575
247
rice|gb157.2|AU068829_T1
cloned


2506
NUE576
2557
rice|gb157.2|AA752451_T1
cloned


2507
NUE577
249

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G67800_T1

cloned


2508
NUE578
250
wheat|gb164|BE401454_T1
cloned


2509
NUE579
2558

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G70850_T1

cloned


2510
NUE580
2559

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G35880_T1

cloned


2511
NUE581
253

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G12845_T1

cloned


2512
NUE582
2560

sorghum|gb161.xeno|T18303_T1

cloned


2513
NUE583
255
rice|gb157.2|AU172665_T1
cloned


2514
NUE584
2561

sorghum|gb161.crp|AW923545_T1

cloned


2515
NUE585
257

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G71900_T1

cloned


2516
NUE586
2562

arabidopsis|gb165|AT1G72320_T1

cloned


2517
NUE587
259

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AW672541_T1

cloned


2518
NUE588
260
rice|gb157.2|AA750816_T1
cloned


2519
NUE590
2563

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI622209_T1

cloned


2520
NUE591
262

sorghum|gb161.xeno|BE123399_T1

synthesized_optimized


2521
NUE592
263

sorghum|gb161.xeno|AI901557_T1

cloned


2522
NUE593
264

arabidopsis|gb165|AT2G04066_T1

synthesized_optimized





Table 23. Provided are the cloned or synthetically produced genes and their encoded polypeptides, along with the sequence identifiers, organisms from which the genes were cloned.






Example 4
Generation of Transgenic Plants Expressing the Polynucleotides of Some Embodiments of the Invention


Arabidopsis transformation was performed according to Clough S J, Bent A F. (1998) Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 16(6): 735-43; and Desfeux C, Clough S J, Bent A F. (20000 Female reproductive tissues are the primary targets of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by the Arabidopsis floral-dip method. Plant Physiol. 123(3): 895-904.). Briefly—Arabidopsis thaliana var Columbia (T0 plants) were transformed using the Floral Dip procedure described by Clough S J and Bent A F (10) and by Desfeux C et al. (11), with minor modifications. Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia (Col0) T0 Plants were sown in 250 ml pots filled with wet peat-based growth mix. The pots were covered with aluminum foil and a plastic dome, kept at 4° C. for 3-4 days, then uncovered and incubated in a growth chamber at 18-24° C. under 16/8 hour light/dark cycles. The T0 plants were ready for transformation six days prior to anthesis. Single colonies of Agrobacterium carrying the binary vectors harboring the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention were cultured in LB medium supplemented with kanamycin (50 mg/L) and gentamycin (50 mg/L). The cultures were incubated at 28° C. for 48 hrs under vigorous shaking and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes. The pellets comprising Agrobacterium cells were resuspended in a transformation medium which contained half-strength (2.15 g/L) Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium (Duchefa); 0.044 μM benzylamino purine (Sigma); 112 μg/L B5 Gambourg vitamins (Sigma); 5% sucrose; and 0.2 ml/L Silwet L-77 (OSI Specialists, CT) in double-distilled water, at pH of 5.7.


Transformation of T0 plants was performed by inverting each plant into an Agrobacterium suspension such that the flowering stem is submerged for 3-5 seconds. Each inoculated T0 plant was immediately placed in a plastic tray, then covered with clear plastic dome to maintain humidity and kept in the dark at room temperature for 18 hrs to facilitate infection and transformation. Transformed (transgenic) plants were then uncovered and transferred to a greenhouse for recovery and maturation. The transgenic T0 plants were grown in the greenhouse for 3-5 weeks until siliques maturation, and then seeds were harvested and kept at room temperature until sowing.


For generating T1 and T2 transgenic plants harboring the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention, seeds collected from transgenic T0 plants were surface-sterilized by soaking in 70% ethanol for 1 minute, followed by soaking in 5% sodium hypochlorite and 0.05% Triton X-100 for 5 minutes. The surface-sterilized seeds were thoroughly washed in sterile distilled water then placed on culture plates containing half-strength Murashige-Skoog (Duchefa); 2% sucrose; 0.8% plant agar; 50 mM kanamycin; and 200 mM carbenicylin (Duchefa). The culture plates were incubated at 4° C. for 48 hours then transferred to a growth room at 25° C. for an additional week of incubation. Vital T1 Arabidopsis plants were transferred to fresh culture plates for another week of incubation. Following incubation, the T1 plants were removed from culture plates and planted in growth mix contained in 250 ml pots. The transgenic plants were allowed to grow in a greenhouse to maturity. Seeds harvested from T1 plants were cultured and grown to maturity as T2 plants under the same conditions as used for culturing and growing the T1 plants. At least 10 independent transformation events were created from each construct for which bulk of T2 seeds were collected.


The NUE584 (SEQ ID NO: 2514), NUE253 (SEQ ID NO: 2448), NUE533 (SEQ ID NO: 2473), NUE577 (SEQ ID NO: 2507), NUE590 (SEQ ID NO: 2519) and NUE562 (SEQ ID NO: 2492) genes were cloned, introduced in Arabidopsis and T2 seeds were produced.


NUE540 (SEQ ID NO: 2479), NUE549 (SEQ ID NO: 2486), and NUE533 (SEQ ID NO: 2473) developed purple healthy plants, suggesting increased vigor of the transgenic plants.


NUE591 (SEQ ID NO: 2520) produced light green plants. This phenotype relates the gene to the photosynthetic capacity of the plant at different nitrogen fertilization levels.


Example 5
Assay 1: Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Vitro (Tissue Culture Assay)

Surface sterilized seeds were sown in basal media [50% Murashige-Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 0.8% plant agar as solidifying agent] in the presence of Kanamycin (used as a selecting agent). After sowing, plates were transferred for 2-3 days for stratification at 4° C. and then grown at 25° C. under 12-hour light 12-hour dark daily cycles for 7 to 10 days. At this time point, seedlings randomly chosen were carefully transferred to plates containing ½ MS media (15 mM N) for the normal nitrogen concentration treatment and 0.75 mM nitrogen for the low nitrogen concentration treatments. Each plate contained 5 seedlings of the same transgenic event, and 3-4 different plates (replicates) for each event. For each polynucleotide of the invention at least four independent transformation events were analyzed from each construct. Plants expressing the polynucleotides of the invention were compared to the average measurement of the control plants (empty vector or GUS reporter gene under the same promoter) used in the same experiment.


Digital imaging—A laboratory image acquisition system, which consists of a digital reflex camera (Canon EOS 300D) attached with a 55 mm focal length lens (Canon EF-S series), mounted on a reproduction device (Kaiser RS), which includes 4 light units (4×150 Watts light bulb) and located in a darkroom, was used for capturing images of plantlets sawn in agar plates.


The image capturing process was repeated every 3-4 days starting at day 1 till day 10 (see for example the images in FIGS. 3A-3B). An image analysis system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.39 [Java based image processing program which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet at Hypertext Transfer Protocol://rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).


Seedling analysis—Using the digital analysis seedling data was calculated, including leaf area, root coverage and root length.


The relative growth rate for the various seedling parameters was calculated according to the following formulas V, VI and VII.

Relative growth rate of leaf area=Regression coefficient of leaf area along time course.  Formula V:
Relative growth rate of root coverage=Regression coefficient of root coverage along time course.  Formula VI:
Relative growth rate of root length=Regression coefficient of root coverage along time course.  Formula VII:


At the end of the experiment, plantlets were removed from the media and weighed for the determination of plant fresh weight. Plantlets were then dried for 24 hours at 60° C., and weighed again to measure plant dry weight for later statistical analysis. Growth rate was determined by comparing the leaf area coverage, root coverage and root length, between each couple of sequential photographs, and results were used to resolve the effect of the gene introduced on plant vigor under optimal conditions. Similarly, the effect of the gene introduced on biomass accumulation, under optimal conditions, was determined by comparing the plants' fresh and dry weight to that of control plants (containing an empty vector or the GUS reporter gene under the same promoter). From every construct created, 3-5 independent transformation events were examined in replicates.


Statistical analyses—To identify genes conferring significantly improved plant vigor or enlarged root architecture, the results obtained from the transgenic plants were compared to those obtained from control plants. To identify outperforming genes and constructs, results from the independent transformation events tested were analyzed separately. To evaluate the effect of a gene event over a control the data was analyzed by Student's t-test and the p-value was calculated. Results were considered significant if p≤0.1. The JMP statistics software package was used (Version 5.2.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C., USA).


Experimental Results


The genes presented in Tables 24-25, hereinbelow, were found to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by producing larger plant biomass when grown under limiting nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants.


Tables 24 and 25 depict analyses of plant biomass (plant fresh and dry weight and leaf area) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions [low nitrogen or nitrogen deficient conditions (0.75 mM N)] in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the second experiment confirmed the significant increment in plant biomass. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 24







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of


some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant biomass


(fresh and dry weight) under nitrogen deficient conditions











Plant Biomass

Plant Biomass



Fresh Weight [mg]

Dry Weight [mg]
















Gene



%
Gene



%


Name
Event #
Average
p-value
incr.
Name
Event #
Average
p-value
incr.



















CT11
4892.1
204.50
6.3E−02
16.5
CT11
4894.3
7.80
7.7E−02
39.29


Control

175.55


CT11
4892.3
8.85
1.3E−01
58.04


CT22
5023.1
184.08
2.6E−04
43.5
CT11
4892.2
7.85
4.5E−02
40.18


Control

128.24


CT11
4893.2
5.98
6.8E−01
6.70


CT27
5033.7
195.00
3.2E−02
55.4
CT11
4892.1
9.20
3.7E−02
64.29


CT27
5031.4
150.93
3.2E−01
20.3
Control

5.60




CT27
5035.2
233.40
2.7E−02
86.0
CT27
5033.7
7.68
1.2E−01
37.05


CT27
5033.6
150.63
4.2E−01
20.0
CT27
5031.4
6.73
2.2E−01
20.09


CT27
5033.4
179.95
1.8E−01
43.4
CT27
5035.2
9.68
4.3E−02
72.77


CT27
5033.8
189.30
2.0E−02
50.9
CT27
5033.6
6.40
3.1E−01
14.29


CT27
5033.5
146.98
3.6E−01
17.1
CT27
5033.4
8.03
1.4E−01
43.30


Control

125.47


CT27
5033.8
7.60
7.7E−02
35.71


CT6
4943.1
184.30
8.3E−02
46.9
CT27
5033.5
6.40
9.6E−02
14.29


CT6
4941.4
188.38
3.0E−02
50.1
Control

5.60




Control

125.47


CT6
4943.1
7.78
1.9E−01
38.84


CT76
5044.6
213.08
1.8E−01
21.4
CT6
4941.4
9.60
1.3E−03
71.43


CT76
5041.5
250.50
1.6E−01
42.7
Control

5.60




CT76
5043.5
207.00
2.5E−01
17.9
CT76
5044.6
7.83
1.1E−01
22.21


CT76
5041.7
204.53
1.6E−01
16.5
CT76
5041.5
9.10
2.0E−01
42.12


CT76
5041.9
209.00
8.4E−02
19.1
CT76
5043.5
11.05
1.7E−02
72.57


CT76
5041.6
256.10
9.0E−02
45.9
CT76
5041.7
7.35
1.9E−01
14.79


Control

175.55


CT76
5041.9
7.33
2.0E−01
14.40


CT81
4992.1
223.50
1.8E−02
27.3
CT76
5041.6
9.28
9.6E−02
44.85


Control

175.55


Control

6.40




NUE208
8354.8
118.28
9.1E−02
17.3
CT81
4992.1
9.60
7.2E−04
49.93


NUE208
8351.3
138.15
8.5E−02
37.0
CT81
4993.5
6.60
8.0E−01
3.07


NUE208
8355.3
128.53
4.9E−02
27.5
Control

6.40




NUE208
8351.5
112.93
3.5E−01
12.0
NUE206
6731.2
7.65
8.4E−01
4.97


Control

100.81


NUE206
6732.9
10.70
7.4E−02
46.83


NUE209
8191.2
135.83
4.0E−01
34.7
NUE206
6732.5
7.98
7.0E−01
9.43


NUE209
8192.13
118.85
2.3E−01
17.9
Control

7.2875




NUE209
8192.14
160.40
1.7E−01
59.1
NUE208
8354.8
6.05
1.0E−01
55.63


NUE209
8191.5
119.28
1.9E−01
18.3
NUE208
8351.3
7.95
4.3E−02
104.50


NUE209
8192.1
134.45
4.5E−01
33.4
NUE208
8355.3
6.63
9.8E−03
70.42


Control

100.81


NUE208
8351.5
6.33
1.0E−02
62.70


NUE211
8265.1
118.48
6.7E−02
47.0
Control

3.89




Control

80.58


NUE209
8191.2
6.20
2.2E−01
59.49


NUE212
8331.1
115.18
4.7E−01
14.2
NUE209
8192.13
5.80
4.4E−02
49.20


NUE212
8335.2
182.98
6.6E−03
81.5
NUE209
8192.14
7.58
6.3E−02
94.86


NUE212
8334.1
121.25
2.6E−01
20.3
NUE209
8191.5
7.85
5.2E−02
101.93


NUE212
8331.4
177.68
1.1E−01
76.2
NUE209
8192.1
5.85
9.5E−02
50.48


Control

100.81


Control

3.89




NUE221
9802.8
134.30
1.6E−01
18.0
NUE210
8202.1
4.83
4.9E−01
24.12


NUE221
9806.1
138.60
9.0E−02
21.8
NUE210
8202.2
6.35
6.3E−03
63.34


Control

113.81


NUE210
8201.3
5.50
4.7E−02
41.48


NUE222
8851.4
131.68
5.8E−03
44.1
Control

3.89




NUE222
8854.1
108.37
6.9E−02
18.6
NUE212
8334.1
5.18
2.2E−01
42.76


NUE222
8853.2
119.23
1.9E−02
30.4
NUE212
8332.1
3.83
7.5E−01
5.52


NUE222
8851.3
161.75
2.1E−02
77.0
NUE212
8331.4
4.75
6.6E−02
31.03


Control

91.40


Control

3.63




NUE227
9851.2
102.75
1.2E−01
26.1
NUE221
9806.1
6.025
1.9E−01
18.7


NUE227
9854.2
84.70
8.3E−01
4.0
Control

5.075




NUE227
9853.4
102.83
2.9E−01
26.2
NUE222
8851.4
4.03
7.9E−01
3.54


NUE227
9853.1
103.23
1.3E−01
26.7
NUE222
8853.2
4.65
2.2E−01
19.61


NUE227
9852.3
101.98
1.4E−01
25.2
NUE222
8851.3
6.45
3.3E−03
65.92


Control

81.48


Control

3.89




NUE230
9154.2
181.58
2.3E−02
48.8
NUE224
9002.2
6.93
2.1E−02
39.55


NUE230
9151.2
125.18
8.8E−01
2.6
NUE224
9001.3
6.83
2.8E−01
37.70


Control

122.05


Control

4.96




NUE231
10633.3
138.98
8.5E−02
22.1
NUE227
9851.2
4.90
3.6E−01
24.05


Control

113.81


NUE227
9854.2
4.60
4.8E−01
16.46


NUE233
10174.3
156.40
3.7E−02
60.8
NUE227
9853.4
4.55
5.3E−01
15.19


NUE233
10174.1
176.20
4.0E−03
81.2
NUE227
9853.1
4.83
1.4E−01
22.15


NUE233
10173.7
103.68
7.4E−01
6.6
NUE227
9852.3
5.18
7.7E−02
31.01


Control

97.24


Control

3.95




NUE233
10174.1
117.95
8.1E−03
37.2
NUE228
10092.2
6.75
2.8E−02
35.34


NUE233
10173.7
95.40
4.6E−01
10.9
Control

4.99




Control

86.00


NUE230
9154.2
7.83
2.2E−02
57.68


NUE235
9691.1
175.50
3.2E−01
43.8
NUE230
9151.2
5.40
5.4E−01
8.82


NUE235
9693.3
178.60
3.1E−03
46.3
NUE230
9153.3
5.28
6.9E−01
6.30


NUE235
9694.3
156.28
2.1E−01
28.0
NUE230
9153.1
5.48
3.3E−01
10.33


Control

122.05


Control

4.96




NUE237
9651.1
159.43
1.6E−01
30.6
NUE231
10633.3
8.425
1.0E−05
66.0


NUE237
9654.4
170.70
4.1E−02
39.9
Control

5.075




NUE237
9654.1
128.70
7.1E−01
5.4
NUE233
10174.3
6.05
5.1E−02
44.05


NUE237
9653.3
133.33
6.1E−01
9.2
NUE233
10174.1
8.15
2.7E−03
94.05


Control

122.05


NUE233
10173.7
4.45
7.3E−01
5.95


NUE239
9192.3
168.58
5.1E−02
27.4
Control

4.20




NUE239
9192.1
142.68
1.7E−01
7.8
NUE235
9694.2
5.25
7.9E−01
5.79


NUE239
9191.2
136.75
5.8E−01
3.3
NUE235
9691.1
7.28
1.6E−01
46.60


Control

132.34


NUE235
9694.4
5.83
4.1E−01
17.38


NUE240
9172.1
157.53
5.3E−03
19.0
NUE235
9693.3
7.28
6.0E−02
46.60


NUE240
9174.3
143.65
1.7E−01
8.5
NUE235
9694.3
7.88
1.5E−02
58.69


Control

132.34


Control

4.96




NUE241
9632.5
133.63
1.4E−01
64.0
NUE237
9651.1
7.03
3.2E−01
41.56


NUE241
9631.3
148.18
3.8E−03
81.9
NUE237
9654.4
8.88
2.0E−02
78.84


NUE241
9632.3
137.60
8.0E−03
68.9
NUE237
9654.1
6.23
6.5E−02
25.44


NUE241
9632.4
131.93
1.9E−02
61.9
NUE237
9653.3
7.08
8.5E−02
42.57


Control

81.48


Control

4.96




NUE242
9212.1
124.50
2.7E−02
48.7
NUE239
9191.1
9.00
5.3E−02
60.71


NUE242
9214.1
89.98
7.5E−01
7.4
NUE239
9191.2
6.13
5.2E−01
9.38


NUE242
9211.2
95.30
4.3E−01
13.8
Control

5.60




NUE242
9213.4
125.50
2.8E−02
49.9
NUE240
9172.4
7.35
3.5E−02
18.55


Control

83.75


NUE240
9174.3
6.53
6.1E−01
5.24


NUE244
9061.1
119.60
2.8E−03
30.9
Control

6.20




NUE244
9061.5
148.80
1.4E−01
62.8
NUE241
9633.4
5.68
6.1E−02
43.67


Control

91.40


NUE241
9632.3
6.55
1.3E−02
65.82


NUE246
9033.6
140.75
1.4E−01
41.2
NUE241
9632.2
6.20
4.4E−02
56.96


NUE246
9033.8
111.20
4.8E−01
11.6
NUE241
9632.4
5.68
7.9E−04
43.67


NUE246
9033.4
148.63
2.7E−03
49.1
Control

3.95




NUE246
9034.1
138.50
6.0E−03
39.0
NUE246
9033.6
4.40
3.2E−01
19.32


NUE246
9031.1
131.63
3.5E−01
32.1
NUE246
9033.8
5.13
1.8E−01
38.98


Control

99.68


NUE246
9033.4
4.73
8.2E−02
28.14


NUE248
8981.5
197.35
1.3E−02
30.1
NUE246
9034.1
6.43
1.7E−02
74.46


Control

151.66


NUE246
9031.1
4.80
2.5E−01
30.17


NUE249
9124.2
82.68
9.2E−01
3.4
Control

3.69




NUE249
9121.4
125.13
2.0E−03
56.5
NUE248
8981.5
7.98
6.0E−02
23.17


NUE249
9123.3
89.55
2.3E−01
12.0
NUE248
8984.1
6.75
7.1E−01
4.25


Control

79.94


NUE248
8981.2
7.35
3.3E−01
13.51


NUE250
9132.1
149.53
4.6E−02
22.5
Control

6.48




NUE250
9133.2
193.20
1.3E−02
58.3
NUE249
9124.2
5.05
7.6E−01
11.60


NUE250
9132.2
152.38
1.8E−01
24.8
NUE249
9121.4
5.50
2.3E−02
21.55


NUE250
9134.1
205.50
5.0E−02
68.4
Control

4.53




Control

122.05


NUE250
9132.1
7.38
4.8E−02
48.61


NUE251
10181.3
175.35
4.7E−03
80.3
NUE250
9133.2
7.95
2.5E−03
60.20


NUE251
10183.2
127.58
1.7E−01
31.2
NUE250
9132.2
7.23
1.0E−01
45.59


NUE251
10183.1
118.03
3.6E−01
21.4
NUE250
9134.1
8.03
1.1E−02
61.71


Control

97.24


Control

4.96




NUE252
9011.3
252.23
1.3E−02
40.9
NUE251
10181.3
7.03
2.9E−02
67.26


NUE252
9012.2
201.53
3.1E−01
12.5
NUE251
10183.2
5.35
2.6E−01
27.38


Control

179.06


NUE251
10183.1
4.93
4.6E−01
17.26


NUE256
10063.4
127.55
1.7E−01
31.2
Control

4.2




NUE256
10064.1
155.88
3.1E−02
60.3
NUE256
10063.4
5.78
1.0E−01
37.50


NUE256
10061.2
158.93
1.1E−02
63.4
NUE256
10064.1
7.40
1.0E−02
76.19


NUE256
10062.4
147.40
1.4E−01
51.6
NUE256
10061.2
6.35
1.8E−02
51.19


NUE256
10063.2
134.18
1.9E−01
38.0
NUE256
10062.4
7.43
1.4E−01
76.79


NUE256
10061.1
101.35
8.3E−01
4.2
NUE256
10063.2
5.73
1.4E−01
36.31


Control

97.24


NUE256
10061.1
4.40
8.0E−01
4.76


NUE256
10061.2
104.20
5.5E−01
21.2
Control

4.20




NUE256
10061.4
127.68
1.8E−01
48.5
NUE512
9284.3
4.65
6.8E−01
5.38


NUE256
10063.2
88.28
8.5E−01
2.6
NUE512
9282.3
7.78
1.3E−02
76.20


Control

86.00


NUE512
9284.4
6.70
2.6E−02
51.84


NUE268
8992.1
108.25
4.3E−01
10.4
Control

4.41




NUE268
8996.3
118.68
5.5E−01
21.0
NUE515
9713.6
6.725
2.4E−02
32.5


NUE268
8996.5
177.25
8.4E−02
80.8
Control

5.075




NUE268
8996.2
112.10
3.7E−01
14.3
NUE516
9291.1
5.78
2.4E−01
16.37


Control

98.05


NUE516
9291.4
7.43
2.7E−02
49.62


NUE269
9104.1
93.80
3.0E−01
23.1
NUE516
9293.2
5.78
4.3E−01
16.37


NUE269
9101.3
94.65
6.2E−03
24.2
Control

4.96




Control

76.20


NUE519
9371.2
11.75
4.8E−02
89.52


NUE512
9284.2
166.53
6.1E−05
73.7
NUE519
9371.1
8.50
1.5E−02
37.10


NUE512
9284.3
112.35
2.1E−01
17.2
NUE519
9372.2
6.60
6.7E−01
6.45


NUE512
9282.3
181.10
1.3E−02
88.9
Control

6.20




NUE512
9284.4
171.70
7.6E−02
79.1
NUE525
9531.2
5.25
3.6E−01
−10.45


Control

95.88


NUE525
9534.1
5.40
4.4E−01
−7.89


NUE515
9712.5
116.43
8.6E−01
2.3
NUE525
9531.3
6.73
4.4E−01
14.71


NUE515
9713.6
148.18
2.0E−02
30.2
NUE525
9533.1
7.43
1.2E−02
26.65


Control

113.81


NUE525
9531.1
7.20
9.9E−02
22.81


NUE514
9404.1
113.98
8.5E−02
36.1
Control

5.86




NUE514
9403.2
94.58
1.2E−01
12.9
NUE531
10083.1
6.58
4.2E−02
31.83


NUE514
9402.5
99.38
3.5E−01
18.7
NUE531
10082.2
6.25
1.6E−01
25.31


Control

83.75


NUE531
10081.4
8.50
2.4E−02
70.43


NUE516
9291.1
128.58
6.7E−01
5.3
NUE531
10081.5
8.03
2.5E−02
60.90


NUE516
9291.4
165.93
1.5E−01
35.9
Control

4.99




NUE516
9293.2
139.73
5.7E−01
14.5
NUE532
9222.4
6.15
3.5E−05
44.71


Control

122.05


NUE532
9222.1
6.98
1.3E−02
64.12


NUE519
9371.2
182.10
1.5E−02
37.6
NUE532
9223.3
5.53
1.4E−01
30.00


Control

132.34


NUE532
9224.4
4.43
4.4E−01
4.12


NUE521
9363.1
107.40
3.1E−01
28.2
Control

4.25




NUE521
9362.2
119.80
2.6E−02
43.0
NUE536
9233.3
6.03
4.8E−03
63.39


NUE521
9361.2
136.10
3.5E−04
62.5
NUE536
9234.1
4.55
3.3E−01
23.39


NUE521
9361.3
104.15
3.8E−01
24.4
NUE536
9231.3
4.08
5.7E−01
10.51


NUE521
9363.4
132.95
5.8E−03
58.7
NUE536
9232.4
3.98
6.1E−01
7.80


Control

83.75


Control

3.69




NUE523
9412.5
190.08
2.4E−01
25.3
NUE537
9391.1
5.08
3.5E−01
15.01


NUE523
9414.2
192.23
1.9E−01
26.7
NUE537
9393.2
4.53
9.2E−01
2.55


NUE523
9412.1
187.50
2.8E−02
23.6
NUE537
9394.4
5.90
2.8E−01
33.71


Control

151.66


NUE537
9391.2
5.53
2.2E−01
25.21


NUE527
9201.1
111.28
3.2E−03
273.7
NUE537
9393.3
5.63
2.7E−02
27.48


NUE527
9202.6
51.70
2.1E−02
73.6
Control

4.41




NUE527
9203.2
49.77
4.3E−02
67.1
NUE539
10101.5
6.78
4.4E−03
61.31


NUE527
9204.1
45.83
3.0E−01
53.9
NUE539
10103.5
5.63
1.7E−01
33.93


Control

29.78


NUE539
10101.2
7.43
4.4E−02
76.79


NUE531
10083.1
159.05
9.2E−02
38.1
NUE539
10101.7
7.05
2.3E−02
67.86


NUE531
10082.2
154.43
1.6E−02
34.1
NUE539
10103.4
4.88
3.6E−01
16.07


NUE531
10081.4
173.70
5.9E−02
50.8
Control

4.20




NUE531
10081.5
154.38
1.9E−02
34.0
NUE542
9333.2
8.35
2.6E−02
89.24


Control

115.16


NUE542
9334.1
4.80
5.2E−01
8.78


NUE531
10081.4
128.20
3.4E−02
49.1
NUE542
9331.3
4.83
6.9E−01
9.35


NUE531
10083.2
91.95
6.4E−01
6.9
NUE542
9334.3
4.65
8.1E−01
5.38


NUE531
10081.5
165.43
5.5E−02
92.4
Control

4.41




Control

86.00


NUE548
9095.2
8.05
2.6E−01
44.07


NUE532
9222.4
143.08
9.9E−02
70.8
NUE548
9095.4
8.60
4.7E−02
53.91


NUE532
9222.1
106.98
2.3E−01
27.7
NUE548
9091.1
6.43
3.0E−01
14.99


NUE532
9223.3
100.20
1.3E−01
19.6
Control

5.59




Control

83.75


NUE549
9343.7
7.67
2.2E−02
54.88


NUE532
9222.4
118.33
7.6E−02
41.3
Control

4.95




NUE532
9222.1
170.88
1.1E−01
104.0
NUE550
9143.1
5.75
3.9E−04
35.29


NUE532
9223.3
115.80
3.1E−01
38.3
NUE550
9143.4
6.85
7.3E−03
61.18


NUE532
9223.5
104.90
7.7E−01
25.3
NUE550
9142.2
6.45
1.6E−02
51.76


NUE532
9224.4
110.48
6.3E−01
31.9
Control

4.25




Control

98.05


NUE553
9181.5
5.55
7.6E−02
30.59


NUE535
9082.2
32.95
4.7E−01
10.7
NUE553
9184.3
4.58
6.3E−01
7.65


NUE535
9086.2
73.97
3.2E−02
148.4
NUE553
9182.2
4.70
2.4E−01
10.59


NUE535
9086.3
51.43
6.0E−02
72.7
Control

4.25




NUE535
9081.1
61.90
1.9E−01
107.9
NUE554
9114.1
4.33
9.4E−01
1.76


NUE535
9084.4
57.00
9.3E−03
91.4
NUE554
9115.2
6.88
1.3E−02
61.76


Control

29.78


NUE554
9114.2
5.35
1.8E−02
25.88


NUE537
9391.1
131.75
2.2E−01
37.4
NUE554
9115.3
4.45
5.9E−01
4.71


NUE537
9393.2
110.88
3.9E−01
15.6
Control

4.25




NUE537
9394.4
214.60
6.4E−02
123.8
NUE564
9242.3
4.55
6.7E−05
114.12


NUE537
9391.2
141.33
3.2E−02
47.4
NUE564
9243.2
4.03
7.8E−02
89.41


NUE537
9393.3
136.40
2.1E−04
42.3
NUE564
9242.4
3.28
3.6E−02
54.12


Control

95.88


NUE564
9242.2
3.90
7.6E−02
83.53


NUE538
9782.4
108.85
2.7E−01
33.6
NUE564
9243.4
4.35
2.2E−06
104.71


NUE538
9781.4
95.73
4.5E−01
17.5
Control

2.13




NUE538
9781.1
94.65
2.6E−01
16.2
NUE567
9263.2
3.15
2.1E−01
48.24


NUE538
9782.1
145.73
8.8E−02
78.9
NUE567
9261.3
3.05
1.8E−02
43.53


Control

81.48


NUE567
9263.3
3.28
8.5E−03
54.12


NUE539
10101.5
163.80
2.4E−02
68.5
NUE567
9261.4
3.28
5.9E−03
54.12


NUE539
10103.5
124.98
2.8E−01
28.5
Control

2.13




NUE539
10101.2
177.98
2.7E−02
83.0
NUE569
9384.4
2.63
3.0E−01
23.53


NUE539
10101.7
162.73
2.5E−02
67.3
NUE569
9381.2
5.20
1.8E−02
144.71


NUE539
10103.4
105.13
7.6E−01
8.1
NUE569
9381.5
2.90
5.3E−01
36.47


Control

97.24


NUE569
9381.3
4.53
1.3E−01
112.94


NUE542
9333.2
165.80
6.0E−02
72.9
NUE569
9384.2
3.58
4.5E−01
68.24


NUE542
9331.3
150.08
9.7E−02
56.5
Control

2.13




NUE542
9334.3
153.73
2.9E−03
60.3
NUE570
9311.4
4.23
1.6E−01
98.82


NUE542
9332.1
167.08
1.0E−01
74.3
NUE570
9313.3
3.85
5.1E−02
81.18


Control

95.88


NUE570
9314.4
3.58
8.1E−01
68.24


NUE542
9333.2
169.30
1.0E−01
38.7
NUE570
9314.1
4.25
4.3E−02
100.00


NUE542
9332.1
165.13
3.6E−02
35.3
NUE570
9312.3
4.33
4.8E−01
103.53


Control

122.05


Control

2.13




NUE543
10051.2
99.90
1.4E−01
22.6
NUE571
9304.2
4.28
1.1E−02
101.18


NUE543
10051.6
113.23
1.8E−01
39.0
NUE571
9304.3
4.15
1.7E−02
95.29


NUE543
10053.1
97.10
3.1E−01
19.2
NUE571
9303.2
5.13
6.8E−05
141.18


NUE543
10054.2
121.08
9.3E−03
48.6
NUE571
9302.3
3.63
7.7E−02
70.59


Control

81.48


NUE571
9301.4
3.90
1.9E−02
83.53


NUE544
9764.1
143.68
3.0E−02
33.9
Control

2.13




NUE544
9763.4
115.60
4.9E−01
7.7
NUE572
9321.3
3.35
2.6E−02
57.65


NUE544
9764.2
127.50
1.6E−01
18.8
NUE572
9321.1
4.50
2.2E−02
111.76


NUE544
9763.3
123.08
3.5E−02
14.7
NUE572
9322.1
3.03
1.2E−01
42.35


Control

107.29


NUE572
9324.3
4.10
1.5E−02
92.94


NUE549
9343.7
142.03
1.9E−02
19.6
NUE572
9322.2
3.63
1.2E−02
70.59


Control

118.75


Control

2.13




NUE550
9141.3
109.05
5.0E−01
11.2
NUE573
9491.4
5.65
3.2E−01
14.14


NUE550
9143.1
136.53
1.7E−01
39.2
NUE573
9491.1
6.18
1.2E−01
24.75


NUE550
9143.4
161.73
1.3E−02
64.9
NUE573
9493.2
5.53
3.2E−01
11.78


NUE550
9142.2
131.30
5.7E−02
33.9
Control

4.95




Control

98.05


NUE574
10364.2
5.73
2.9E−01
11.98


NUE553
9181.5
52.48
2.2E−04
76.2
NUE574
10366.2
7.08
5.3E−02
38.39


NUE553
9184.1
57.30
3.2E−03
92.4
Control

5.11




NUE553
9184.3
82.23
1.3E−05
176.2
NUE576
9791.3
6.70
8.6E−04
69.62


NUE553
9185.2
56.35
8.3E−04
89.3
NUE576
9792.4
5.18
6.6E−02
31.01


NUE553
9182.2
68.93
8.8E−03
131.5
NUE576
9794.1
4.78
4.0E−01
20.89


Control

29.78


NUE576
9793.3
5.65
8.4E−04
43.04


NUE554
9115.2
215.73
3.9E−02
120.0
Control

3.95




NUE554
9114.2
116.98
1.9E−01
19.3
NUE581
9723.6
5.875
2.7E−01
15.8


Control

98.05


NUE581
9724.9
5.425
6.3E−01
6.9


NUE564
9242.3
120.53
8.6E−03
25.7
Control

5.075




NUE564
9243.2
130.18
2.3E−02
35.8
NUE582
9564.2
5.28
5.6E−01
6.30


NUE564
9242.2
221.87
6.4E−02
131.4
NUE582
9562.4
6.45
1.8E−01
29.97


NUE564
9243.4
121.85
1.0E−01
27.1
NUE582
9561.2
6.95
1.4E−03
40.05


Control

95.88


Control

4.96




NUE567
9263.2
133.50
8.5E−02
39.2
NUE583
9673.1
5.80
1.1E−01
46.84


NUE567
9261.2
133.75
2.6E−01
39.5
NUE583
9673.2
4.33
2.7E−01
9.49


Control

95.88


NUE583
9671.2
5.28
2.1E−01
33.54


NUE568
9461.2
164.90
7.0E−02
38.9
NUE583
9671.1
4.88
3.7E−01
23.42


Control

118.75


Control

3.95




NUE569
9381.2
97.40
1.5E−01
20.5
NUE585
9662.4
4.65
3.3E−01
26.10


NUE569
9381.3
108.85
7.3E−02
34.7
NUE585
9661.5
4.78
5.4E−02
29.49


NUE569
9384.2
93.95
9.3E−02
16.2
NUE585
9661.3
3.90
6.6E−01
5.76


Control

80.83


NUE585
9662.1
4.00
6.9E−01
8.47


NUE570
9311.4
127.53
1.3E−01
33.0
NUE585
9661.1
4.43
2.5E−01
20.00


NUE570
9314.1
135.55
3.8E−01
41.4
Control

3.69




NUE570
9312.3
143.83
3.5E−02
50.0
NUE586
9751.1
5.38
1.9E−01
22.86


Control

95.88


NUE586
9751.7
6.43
1.4E−01
46.86


NUE573
9491.1
135.18
6.0E−02
13.8
NUE586
9752.1
8.15
3.7E−04
86.29


Control

118.75


Control

4.38




NUE574
10364.2
110.48
2.1E−02
28.5
NUE587
9643.2
7.45
8.6E−03
70.29


NUE574
10362.2
89.95
7.8E−01
4.6
NUE587
9643.1
5.58
9.3E−02
27.43


NUE574
10366.2
153.38
8.1E−02
78.3
NUE587
9642.2
4.50
8.7E−01
2.86


Control

86.00


NUE587
9641.3
6.88
4.2E−02
57.14


NUE576
9791.3
164.75
1.6E−02
102.2
Control

4.38




NUE576
9792.3
90.20
4.8E−01
10.7
NUE588
9591.3
5.03
5.9E−02
36.27


NUE576
9792.4
106.40
1.0E−01
30.6
NUE588
9591.4
3.75
9.4E−01
1.69


NUE576
9794.1
108.43
1.9E−01
33.1
NUE588
9592.2
4.68
3.7E−01
26.78


NUE576
9793.3
136.93
6.6E−02
68.1
NUE588
9592.4
4.98
1.7E−01
34.92


Control

81.48


NUE588
9592.1
3.98
7.2E−01
7.80


NUE583
9673.4
171.65
5.2E−03
99.6
Control

3.69




NUE583
9673.2
117.30
3.2E−03
36.4
NUE592
9744.5
9.000
3.7E−07
77.3


Control

86.00


NUE592
9747.5
7.900
2.1E−05
55.7


NUE585
9662.4
135.60
1.7E−01
36.0
Control

5.075




NUE585
9661.5
122.20
6.2E−02
22.6







Control

99.68









NUE586
9751.1
153.83
2.1E−01
88.8







NUE586
9752.1
194.23
2.2E−02
138.4







Control

129.73









NUE587
9643.2
156.78
2.0E−01
92.4







NUE587
9641.3
180.28
6.6E−02
121.3







Control

129.73









NUE592
9744.5
187.48
1.8E−06
64.7







NUE592
9747.5
155.45
5.0E−03
36.6







Control

113.81





Table 24: Analyses of plant biomass (plant fresh and dry weight) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions [low nitrogen or nitrogen deficient conditions (0.75 mM N)] as compared to control plants.


“Incr.” = increment.













TABLE 25







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant


biomass (leaf area) under nitrogen deficient conditions










Gene
Event
Leaf Area [cm2]












Name
#
Average
p-value
% increment














CT11
4894.3
0.70
4.9E−02
43.10


CT11
4892.3
0.77
4.0E−02
57.27


CT11
4892.2
0.65
7.4E−02
33.68


CT11
4893.2
0.51
6.3E−01
4.12


CT11
4892.1
0.93
1.2E−02
91.25


Control

0.49




CT27
5033.7
0.40
8.2E−01
3.15


CT27
5031.4
0.59
7.3E−04
50.88


CT27
5035.2
0.52
9.6E−03
33.43


CT27
5033.4
0.45
5.2E−01
14.02


Control

0.39




CT6
4943.1
0.58
1.1E−01
47.28


CT6
4941.4
0.56
6.0E−02
43.93


Control

0.39




CT76
5044.6
0.58
2.9E−01
19.76


CT76
5041.5
0.74
1.1E−01
50.86


CT76
5043.5
0.81
2.8E−04
66.21


CT76
5041.9
0.79
5.4E−02
61.76


CT76
5041.6
0.80
7.2E−03
64.90


Control

0.49




CT81
4992.1
0.70
3.0E−04
44.35


CT81
4993.6
0.50
8.2E−01
3.08


CT81
4993.5
0.59
3.2E−01
20.36


CT81
4992.2
0.69
8.9E−02
41.46


Control

0.49




NUE206
6731.2
0.34
1.4E−02
30.90


NUE206
6732.7
0.30
1.9E−01
15.55


Control

0.26




NUE208
8354.8
0.33
4.7E−01
8.19


NUE208
8351.3
0.43
5.8E−02
44.03


NUE208
8355.3
0.37
7.4E−02
22.98


NUE208
8351.5
0.31
7.3E−01
3.72


Control

0.30




NUE209
8192.13
0.39
1.6E−01
30.67


NUE209
8192.14
0.47
5.9E−02
56.92


NUE209
8191.5
0.32
6.9E−01
4.74


Control

0.30




NUE209
8192.13
0.45
4.7E−03
34.55


NUE209
8191.5
0.51
2.8E−02
53.15


NUE209
8192.14
0.40
1.5E−01
20.45


Control

0.33




NUE211
8265.1
0.35
7.9E−02
17.46


Control

0.30




NUE212
8335.2
0.43
1.7E−03
43.62


NUE212
8334.1
0.33
5.3E−01
10.76


NUE212
8331.4
0.44
3.5E−02
44.45


Control

0.30




NUE221
9801.1
0.500
1.0E−01
20.5


NUE221
9802.8
0.505
8.2E−02
21.8


NUE221
9806.1
0.666
4.2E−06
60.5


Control

0.415




NUE224
9001.3
0.62
1.7E−03
38.99


Control

0.44




NUE225
9732.8
0.445
5.6E−01
7.2


NUE225
9734.5
0.484
1.8E−01
16.6


NUE225
9734.9
0.439
6.4E−01
5.7


Control

0.415




NUE230
9154.2
0.52
7.3E−02
17.73


NUE230
9151.2
0.50
1.2E−01
12.59


Control

0.44




NUE231
10633.3
0.573
2.8E−04
38.1


Control

0.415




NUE233
10174.3
0.47
8.4E−03
54.39


NUE233
10174.1
0.75
2.8E−04
146.46


NUE233
10172.5
0.32
6.6E−01
6.03


NUE233
10173.7
0.39
3.5E−02
26.43


Control

0.31




NUE237
9651.1
0.52
4.4E−01
17.13


NUE237
9654.4
0.57
1.1E−01
29.19


NUE237
9654.1
0.54
2.2E−02
21.91


Control

0.44




NUE239
9191.1
0.66
4.6E−02
57.34


Control

0.42




NUE240
9172.2
0.68
1.4E−03
63.63


NUE240
9174.3
0.55
7.7E−02
32.26


Control

0.42




NUE240
9174.2
0.54
7.7E−01
4.29


NUE240
9172.1
0.71
7.8E−03
35.86


NUE240
9174.3
0.57
4.2E−01
9.74


Control

0.52




NUE241
9633.4
0.56
2.1E−05
47.36


NUE241
9632.2
0.44
1.4E−01
15.74


NUE241
9632.4
0.49
2.4E−01
28.11


Control

0.38




NUE241
9631.3
0.53
3.9E−03
36.03


NUE241
9632.3
0.54
7.5E−02
40.72


NUE241
9632.4
0.49
1.1E−01
26.49


Control

0.39




NUE242
9212.1
0.56
2.9E−02
50.18


NUE242
9213.4
0.43
1.3E−01
14.72


Control

0.37




NUE246
9033.6
0.44
8.7E−01
3.16


NUE246
9033.8
0.51
1.8E−01
21.26


NUE246
9033.4
0.50
2.6E−01
18.30


NUE246
9034.1
0.64
2.1E−02
52.45


NUE246
9031.1
0.49
4.7E−01
15.11


Control

0.42




NUE248
8981.5
0.58
4.6E−02
38.97


NUE248
8981.2
0.51
3.1E−02
22.19


Control

0.42




NUE251
10181.3
0.54
7.6E−06
75.63


NUE251
10183.2
0.42
2.3E−02
38.78


NUE251
10183.1
0.42
5.4E−03
38.58


Control

0.31




NUE251
10183.2
0.84
1.0E−02
72.56


NUE251
10182.1
0.57
1.2E−01
18.26


Control

0.49




NUE256
10063.4
0.43
6.3E−01
5.53


NUE256
10064.1
0.54
1.3E−02
30.76


NUE256
10061.1
0.45
5.2E−01
10.87


Control

0.41




NUE256
10063.4
0.58
6.6E−02
90.27


NUE256
10064.1
0.59
1.1E−02
94.09


NUE256
10061.2
0.68
9.5E−06
122.00


NUE256
10062.4
0.64
8.2E−03
108.97


NUE256
10063.2
0.52
9.2E−03
68.33


Control

0.31




NUE256
10061.2
0.75
5.3E−05
53.75


NUE256
10061.4
0.71
1.4E−02
46.02


NUE256
10063.2
0.52
4.1E−01
6.83


Control

0.49




NUE268
8996.5
0.65
4.3E−02
21.87


Control

0.53




NUE511
9273.1
0.47
4.7E−01
13.04


NUE511
9271.2
0.54
2.2E−02
28.41


Control

0.42




NUE512
9282.3
0.72
2.1E−02
68.37


NUE512
9284.4
0.60
7.8E−03
39.86


Control

0.43




NUE514
9404.1
0.49
1.1E−02
30.78


NUE514
9402.2
0.41
5.1E−01
10.03


NUE514
9403.2
0.42
1.5E−01
12.66


NUE514
9402.5
0.42
5.1E−01
13.45


Control

0.37




NUE515
9712.5
0.454
4.5E−01
9.4


NUE515
9713.6
0.648
1.7E−05
56.1


Control

0.415




NUE520
9771.4
0.40
3.1E−03
31.70


Control

0.31




NUE521
9362.2
0.50
7.5E−02
33.38


NUE521
9361.2
0.43
1.6E−01
14.92


NUE521
9363.4
0.57
1.3E−03
54.08


Control

0.37




NUE521
9363.4
0.63
8.6E−02
31.31


Control

0.48




NUE523
9412.5
0.59
1.9E−01
40.65


NUE523
9414.2
0.48
1.6E−01
16.08


NUE523
9412.1
0.65
7.4E−03
55.07


Control

0.42




NUE525
9531.2
0.44
2.9E−01
15.42


NUE525
9534.1
0.45
3.8E−01
17.35


NUE525
9531.3
0.51
6.2E−02
34.94


NUE525
9533.1
0.54
6.9E−02
42.25


NUE525
9531.1
0.49
2.7E−03
29.15


Control

0.38




NUE527
9201.1
0.44
6.7E−02
22.51


Control

0.36




NUE528
9072.1
0.48
4.5E−02
17.39


NUE528
9073.1
0.42
7.8E−01
3.17


Control

0.41




NUE531
10083.1
0.74
2.0E−02
31.74


NUE531
10082.2
0.69
3.0E−02
22.95


NUE531
10081.4
0.75
8.8E−02
32.91


NUE531
10081.5
0.75
1.3E−01
33.71


Control

0.56




NUE535
9082.2
0.37
4.1E−01
22.10


NUE535
9084.2
0.37
4.6E−02
22.19


NUE535
9081.1
0.43
1.7E−01
41.23


NUE535
9083.1
0.63
2.8E−03
105.40


NUE535
9084.4
0.46
8.7E−03
50.93


Control

0.31




NUE537
9391.2
0.65
1.6E−02
51.35


NUE537
9393.3
0.76
3.4E−03
76.76


Control

0.43




NUE539
10101.5
0.53
1.2E−02
74.32


NUE539
10103.5
0.50
6.6E−05
63.28


NUE539
10101.2
0.60
7.3E−05
96.27


NUE539
10101.7
0.68
3.9E−03
121.77


NUE539
10103.4
0.32
8.9E−01
4.57


Control

0.31




NUE542
9333.2
0.56
2.0E−02
25.55


Control

0.44




NUE543
10051.2
0.43
4.6E−01
11.78


NUE543
10051.6
0.52
1.7E−02
33.53


Control

0.39




NUE544
9764.2
0.49
9.7E−02
19.20


Control

0.41




NUE548
9095.2
0.59
3.4E−03
41.28


NUE548
9095.3
0.47
3.1E−01
13.55


NUE548
9092.2
0.55
1.8E−01
32.59


Control

0.42




NUE548
9095.2
0.67
3.3E−01
10.81


NUE548
9095.4
0.82
5.7E−02
36.33


NUE548
9091.1
0.71
2.4E−02
17.16


Control

0.60




NUE568
9471.3
0.54
3.5E−02
18.92


NUE568
9472.2
0.64
3.6E−04
41.93


Control

0.45




NUE573
9491.4
0.59
6.8E−02
29.98


NUE573
9491.1
0.51
6.1E−01
13.35


NUE573
9494.3
0.52
2.8E−01
14.77


Control

0.45




NUE574
10364.2
0.63
8.1E−04
28.96


NUE574
10366.2
0.81
4.0E−03
66.05


Control

0.49




NUE576
9791.3
0.47
8.9E−02
21.80


NUE576
9792.3
0.39
9.8E−01
0.42


NUE576
9792.4
0.48
1.5E−01
24.25


NUE576
9794.1
0.46
1.3E−01
19.07


NUE576
9793.3
0.49
6.6E−02
25.95


Control

0.39




NUE581
9723.6
0.449
5.0E−01
8.3


NUE581
9724.9
0.583
1.5E−03
40.6


Control

0.415




NUE582
9562.4
0.54
7.0E−02
21.31


NUE582
9561.2
0.51
6.2E−02
14.15


Control

0.44




NUE583
9673.1
0.56
6.5E−02
46.13


Control

0.39




NUE583
9673.4
0.91
2.1E−02
88.22


NUE583
9673.2
0.65
8.8E−02
34.45


Control

0.49




NUE586
9751.7
0.52
3.8E−01
11.42


NUE586
9752.1
0.62
1.1E−02
31.98


Control

0.47




NUE586
9751.7
0.50
2.3E−01
23.80


NUE586
9751.3
0.42
6.9E−01
3.28


NUE586
9752.4
0.53
3.2E−02
30.20


NUE586
9752.1
0.53
2.9E−01
30.75


Control

0.41




NUE587
9643.2
0.58
1.5E−02
24.86


Control

0.47




NUE592
9741.7
0.462
3.7E−01
11.3


NUE592
9744.5
0.721
4.3E−08
73.7


NUE592
9747.4
0.472
2.7E−01
13.8


NUE592
9747.5
0.711
1.0E−07
71.4


Control





Table 25: Analyses of plant biomass (leaf area) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions [low nitrogen or nitrogen deficient conditions (0.75 mM N)] as compared to control plants.






The genes presented in Table 26, hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE since they produced larger root biomass when grown under limiting nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. Plants producing larger root biomass have better possibilities to absorb larger amount of nitrogen from soil.


Table 26 depicts analyses of root biomass (root length and root coverage) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions [low nitrogen or nitrogen deficient conditions (0.75 mM N)] in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the second experiment confirmed the significant increment in root performance. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 26







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of


the invention exhibit improved root performance under nitrogen deficient conditions











Roots Length [cm]

Roots Coverage [cm2]
















Gene



%
Gene



%


Name
Event #
Ave.
p-value
incr.
Name
Event #
Ave.
p-value
incr.



















CT1
4844.5
3.445
1.1E−01
19.68
CT11
4894.3
8.833
4.1E−01
16.49


CT1
4841.2
3.580
2.6E−01
24.38
CT11
4892.2
8.345
6.3E−01
10.06


Control

2.879


CT11
4892.1
9.792
8.1E−02
29.14


CT27
5035.2
4.246
1.7E−03
47.50
Control

7.582




Control

2.879


CT22
5023.1
4.110
2.1E−01
49.46


CT27
5033.4
4.384
2.4E−02
29.17
Control

2.750




Control

3.394


CT27
5031.4
5.380
5.8E−01
10.31


CT75
4873.4
4.829
3.9E−01
9.29
CT27
5033.4
6.993
1.0E−01
43.38


CT75
4873.3
6.119
2.2E−03
38.51
Control

4.877




Control

4.418


CT27
5035.2
5.220
3.8E−02
89.83


CT76
5044.6
3.723
1.9E−01
9.70
Control

2.750




CT76
5041.5
4.025
3.1E−02
18.59
CT6
4943.1
7.564
2.3E−01
55.08


CT76
5043.5
3.614
6.2E−01
6.49
CT6
4941.4
7.260
1.8E−01
48.86


CT76
5041.6
3.651
2.9E−01
7.58
Control

4.877




CT76
5041.9
3.970
5.6E−02
16.98
CT75
4873.4
5.384
6.2E−01
10.40


Control

3.394


CT75
4873.3
6.378
1.6E−01
30.78


NUE206
6731.2
4.717
1.4E−03
36.19
Control

4.877




NUE206
6732.9
3.952
1.7E−01
14.11
CT76
5044.6
4.762
2.6E−02
39.62


NUE206
6732.5
3.624
7.7E−01
4.64
CT76
5041.5
4.729
6.0E−02
38.66


Control

3.463


CT76
5043.5
5.470
1.3E−01
60.38


NUE208
8355.3
4.721
7.5E−02
36.30
CT76
5041.9
5.282
1.3E−02
54.87


Control

3.463


Control

3.410




NUE209
8192.14
4.584
5.7E−02
32.34
NUE206
6731.2
7.467
1.3E−01
95.14


Control

3.463


NUE206
6732.7
4.706
3.7E−01
22.98


NUE212
8331.1
5.110
2.1E−01
9.85
Control

3.826




NUE212
8332.2
5.868
9.1E−02
26.14
NUE206
6731.2
6.249
2.8E−02
92.41


NUE212
8331.4
4.910
5.8E−01
5.55
NUE206
6732.5
4.433
4.0E−01
36.49


Control

4.652


Control

3.248




NUE221
9801.1
4.34
1.6E−01
13.5
NUE208
8354.8
4.799
5.0E−01
17.29


NUE221
9801.7
3.84
9.0E−01
0.4
NUE208
8351.3
5.763
7.7E−02
40.86


NUE221
9802.8
4.68
2.1E−02
22.5
Control

4.091




Control

3.82


NUE209
8192.13
5.110
7.0E−02
24.91


NUE222
8854.1
4.997
7.0E−02
7.48
NUE209
8192.14
5.450
1.7E−01
33.21


Control

4.649


Control

4.091




NUE223
9613.1
4.236
5.0E−01
10.38
NUE209
8192.14
5.624
5.5E−02
73.16


NUE223
9611.5
5.091
6.8E−03
32.67
Control

3.248




NUE223
9612.3
4.868
1.6E−01
26.86
NUE210
8202.2
5.208
1.0E−01
27.29


Control

3.837


Control

4.091




NUE225
9731.7
4.58
4.0E−02
20.0
NUE212
8335.2
6.338
2.8E−02
54.92


NUE225
9731.8
4.30
2.0E−01
12.5
NUE212
8334.1
4.541
3.4E−01
10.99


NUE225
9732.8
4.09
4.7E−01
6.9
NUE212
8331.4
6.188
1.3E−01
51.26


NUE225
9734.5
4.07
4.9E−01
6.5
Control

4.091




NUE225
9734.9
4.26
2.3E−01
11.5
NUE212
8332.2
8.847
2.5E−01
56.56


Control

3.82


NUE212
8331.4
6.998
2.5E−01
23.84


NUE228
10092.2
4.242
1.4E−01
13.89
Control

5.651




NUE228
10093.1
4.106
2.5E−01
10.23
NUE221
9801.1
5.06
1.4E−01
29.7


Control

3.725


NUE221
9802.8
5.89
1.2E−03
50.9


NUE231
10631.3
4.27
2.3E−01
11.6
NUE221
9806.1
4.39
5.4E−01
12.3


NUE231
10631.4
4.08
4.8E−01
6.8
Control






NUE231
10633.3
4.34
1.6E−01
13.5
NUE223
9613.1
5.411
2.9E−01
16.86


Control

3.82


NUE223
9612.3
5.162
2.9E−01
11.49


NUE233
10174.3
3.942
4.0E−01
7.65
Control

4.630




NUE233
10174.1
4.973
2.8E−02
35.83
NUE223
9611.5
8.701
1.9E−02
67.39


NUE233
10173.5
4.903
2.0E−02
33.89
NUE223
9612.3
6.493
2.6E−01
24.90


NUE233
10172.5
4.240
1.3E−01
15.78
Control

5.198




NUE233
10173.7
4.289
1.7E−01
17.14
NUE225
9731.7
4.77
2.7E−01
22.1


Control

3.662


Control

3.90




NUE233
10174.1
4.253
1.5E−02
16.86
NUE228
10092.2
5.763
7.2E−02
34.52


NUE233
10173.5
4.101
3.7E−01
12.66
NUE228
10093.3
5.099
1.5E−01
19.02


NUE233
10172.5
3.911
1.0E−01
7.44
NUE228
10093.1
5.468
1.2E−01
27.63


NUE233
10173.7
4.544
1.3E−01
24.84
Control

4.284




Control

3.640


NUE231
10631.3
4.31
5.9E−01
10.5


NUE234
9162.1
4.574
9.8E−02
23.62
NUE231
10631.4
4.87
2.1E−01
24.8


Control

3.700


NUE231
10633.3
6.21
3.6E−03
59.1


NUE235
9693.4
4.908
6.4E−02
22.32
Control






NUE235
9691.1
4.310
4.9E−01
7.43
NUE233
10174.3
4.340
2.8E−01
24.27


NUE235
9694.4
4.347
4.0E−01
8.36
NUE233
10174.1
7.195
2.6E−04
106.04


NUE235
9694.3
5.377
3.4E−02
34.03
NUE233
10173.5
4.086
3.5E−01
17.00


Control

4.012


NUE233
10173.7
4.955
5.4E−02
41.90


NUE239
9192.3
5.241
4.4E−04
36.59
Control

3.492




NUE239
9192.1
4.041
5.6E−01
5.31
NUE235
9693.4
6.311
7.2E−03
44.37


NUE239
9191.2
4.081
4.2E−01
6.35
NUE235
9691.1
5.246
3.3E−02
20.00


Control

3.837


NUE235
9694.4
5.145
1.4E−01
17.69


NUE240
9172.1
4.624
1.3E−02
20.49
NUE235
9694.3
6.927
4.8E−02
58.46


Control

3.837


Control

4.371




NUE241
9633.4
6.137
3.4E−06
52.97
NUE237
9654.4
7.760
1.1E−01
38.68


NUE241
9632.3
4.772
2.4E−01
18.94
NUE237
9654.1
7.127
3.0E−01
27.37


NUE241
9632.2
5.157
3.2E−04
28.54
Control

5.596




NUE241
9632.4
5.016
2.0E−01
25.02
NUE239
9192.3
8.844
6.5E−05
70.14


Control

4.012


NUE239
9191.2
5.903
2.8E−01
13.55


NUE242
9212.1
4.373
4.9E−01
6.96
Control

5.198




NUE242
9211.2
4.328
5.2E−01
5.86
NUE240
9172.2
5.902
5.7E−02
27.47


NUE242
9213.4
5.474
1.3E−03
33.89
NUE240
9174.3
5.530
1.2E−01
19.43


Control

4.088


Control

4.630




NUE242
9212.1
4.552
1.0E−01
29.06
NUE240
9172.1
7.568
1.8E−02
45.59


Control

3.527


Control

5.198




NUE245
10641.7
4.388
9.4E−02
20.56
NUE241
9633.4
9.643
7.2E−07
120.61


NUE245
10641.8
4.657
7.4E−03
27.95
NUE241
9632.3
5.344
3.9E−01
22.26


NUE245
10643.4
3.906
2.1E−01
7.31
NUE241
9632.2
6.559
3.6E−02
50.05


Control

3.640


NUE241
9632.4
6.451
1.3E−01
47.58


NUE246
9033.4
4.695
4.8E−01
7.49
Control

4.371




NUE246
9031.1
5.062
8.4E−02
15.90
NUE241
9632.5
5.170
5.1E−01
15.54


Control

4.368


NUE241
9632.3
6.198
8.3E−02
38.51


NUE250
9134.1
4.593
1.6E−01
5.15
NUE241
9632.4
5.754
1.6E−01
28.58


NUE250
9132.2
4.590
3.3E−01
5.09
Control

4.475




Control

4.088


NUE242
9212.1
5.873
4.1E−01
11.59


NUE251
10181.3
3.907
2.6E−01
7.34
NUE242
9213.4
8.125
1.6E−02
54.40


NUE251
10183.2
4.763
7.9E−02
30.87
Control

5.262




Control

3.640


NUE242
9212.1
5.679
1.2E−01
67.87


NUE256
10063.4
5.259
1.4E−02
43.63
NUE242
9213.4
4.572
2.4E−01
35.15


NUE256
10064.1
4.734
2.3E−02
29.28
Control

3.383




NUE256
10061.2
4.281
1.3E−01
16.92
NUE245
10641.8
4.795
1.3E−01
22.01


NUE256
10062.4
3.855
7.0E−01
5.28
Control

3.930




NUE256
10063.2
5.276
5.5E−03
44.10
NUE246
9033.8
6.003
2.5E−01
20.21


Control

3.662


NUE246
9033.4
5.693
4.7E−01
14.00


NUE512
9284.3
4.875
1.0E−01
17.48
NUE246
9034.1
6.292
1.7E−01
25.99


NUE512
9282.3
4.442
4.4E−01
7.05
NUE246
9031.1
7.329
6.6E−03
46.77


NUE512
9284.4
6.172
3.9E−04
48.73
Control

4.994




Control

4.150


NUE250
9134.1
5.762
4.8E−01
9.49


NUE513
9681.6
5.009
1.7E−03
30.52
NUE250
9132.2
7.281
2.7E−01
38.35


NUE513
9683.2
4.506
8.6E−02
17.42
Control

5.262




Control

3.837


NUE251
10181.3
4.289
1.9E−01
22.81


NUE514
9404.1
4.333
5.3E−01
5.99
NUE251
10183.2
4.689
1.4E−01
34.27


NUE514
9404.5
4.906
4.1E−02
20.00
NUE251
10183.1
4.709
1.9E−01
34.86


NUE514
9403.2
4.451
6.9E−02
8.87
Control

3.492




NUE514
9402.5
4.644
2.1E−01
13.59
NUE251
10183.2
6.691
3.8E−02
70.25


Control

4.088


NUE251
10181.1
4.687
4.8E−01
19.25


NUE514
9403.2
4.874
2.1E−02
38.20
Control

3.930




NUE514
9402.5
4.044
2.9E−01
14.65
NUE256
10063.4
7.393
2.9E−02
111.70


Control

3.527


NUE256
10064.1
7.214
2.6E−02
106.59


NUE515
9712.5
4.43
1.0E−01
15.9
NUE256
10061.2
6.139
2.2E−03
75.81


NUE515
9712.6
4.05
5.0E−01
5.8
NUE256
10062.4
6.337
7.9E−02
81.46


NUE515
9713.6
5.34
1.0E−04
39.7
NUE256
10063.2
6.594
1.7E−02
88.81


Control

3.82


Control

3.492




NUE520
9771.4
4.327
6.9E−02
16.16
NUE256
10061.3
4.798
3.9E−02
22.09


NUE520
9771.7
4.332
1.7E−01
16.28
NUE256
10061.2
5.141
1.9E−02
30.82


NUE520
9771.2
4.303
1.2E−01
15.52
NUE256
10061.4
5.617
9.8E−02
42.92


NUE520
9771.3
4.345
1.6E−01
16.66
NUE256
10063.2
5.303
1.5E−02
34.95


Control

3.725


Control

3.930




NUE520
9771.4
4.377
1.4E−01
19.54
NUE268
8996.5
7.789
1.6E−02
40.04


NUE520
9771.2
4.684
3.1E−02
27.93
Control

5.562




NUE520
9771.3
3.878
5.2E−01
5.90
NUE512
9284.3
4.930
1.1E−01
21.84


Control

3.662


NUE512
9282.3
5.873
1.4E−01
45.13


NUE523
9412.5
4.031
3.9E−01
14.28
NUE512
9284.4
7.912
1.6E−03
95.53


NUE523
9414.2
5.032
1.5E−03
42.68
Control

4.047




NUE523
9413.4
3.766
2.8E−01
6.78
NUE513
9681.6
6.591
3.6E−02
26.79


Control

3.527


Control

5.198




NUE523
9412.5
5.066
6.2E−01
7.98
NUE514
9404.5
6.570
9.0E−02
24.84


NUE523
9414.2
5.879
2.1E−04
25.30
Control

5.262




Control

4.692


NUE514
9403.2
5.579
1.2E−02
64.94


NUE525
9531.2
5.029
1.0E−03
25.34
NUE514
9402.5
4.299
3.2E−01
27.09


NUE525
9534.1
5.116
4.0E−02
27.51
Control

3.383




NUE525
9533.1
4.471
2.8E−01
11.43
NUE515
9712.5
4.93
26.3
1.9E−01


NUE525
9531.1
5.184
1.9E−01
29.21
NUE515
9712.6
4.09
4.7
8.1E−01


Control

4.012


NUE515
9713.6
7.39
89.4
1.9E−05


NUE531
10081.5
5.029
9.2E−02
35.00
Control

3.90




Control

3.725


NUE519
9371.2
7.868
4.7E−01
51.36


NUE531
10083.3
4.502
2.7E−03
23.69
NUE519
9371.1
7.813
1.7E−01
50.30


NUE531
10081.4
3.894
1.4E−01
6.98
Control

5.198




NUE531
10083.2
4.655
3.2E−02
27.89
NUE520
9771.4
4.820
3.0E−01
12.51


NUE531
10081.5
5.026
2.1E−02
38.08
NUE520
9771.7
5.879
1.4E−02
37.23


Control

3.640


NUE520
9771.2
6.392
3.3E−02
49.20


NUE536
9233.3
5.416
1.2E−02
24.00
NUE520
9771.3
7.265
1.4E−02
69.57


Control

4.368


Control

4.284




NUE539
10101.5
4.107
4.7E−01
12.17
NUE520
9771.4
6.158
1.8E−02
76.34


NUE539
10103.5
4.561
5.0E−02
24.57
NUE520
9771.2
6.839
1.7E−02
95.84


NUE539
10101.7
4.953
2.0E−02
35.27
NUE520
9771.3
5.440
5.3E−03
55.77


Control

3.662


NUE520
9773.1
4.655
9.8E−02
33.29


NUE539
10101.7
4.344
8.5E−02
19.36
Control

3.492




Control

3.640


NUE521
9362.2
4.458
3.1E−01
31.79


NUE543
10051.1
4.030
3.5E−01
8.20
NUE521
9363.4
5.071
5.6E−02
49.90


NUE543
10052.3
4.347
8.1E−02
16.70
Control

3.383




NUE543
10053.1
4.034
4.0E−01
8.29
NUE523
9412.5
4.834
3.0E−01
42.92


Control

3.725


NUE523
9414.2
5.371
1.7E−04
58.79


NUE563
9452.3
5.668
7.3E−02
41.27
Control

3.383




NUE563
9451.2
4.348
2.6E−01
8.38
NUE523
9413.3
6.532
5.1E−01
20.78


NUE563
9452.1
4.415
3.9E−01
10.04
NUE523
9414.2
8.479
4.6E−02
56.78


Control

4.012


Control

5.408




NUE566
9513.1
4.306
4.5E−01
7.32
NUE525
9531.2
6.497
1.7E−04
48.62


NUE566
9512.2
4.118
6.3E−01
2.63
NUE525
9534.1
6.805
6.9E−02
55.67


NUE566
9512.4
4.411
3.9E−01
9.95
NUE525
9531.3
4.928
6.1E−01
12.73


NUE566
9512.1
5.392
9.6E−02
34.39
NUE525
9533.1
7.002
3.6E−02
60.17


NUE566
9514.1
5.583
1.8E−05
39.15
NUE525
9531.1
8.063
1.5E−01
84.46


Control

4.012


Control

4.371




NUE574
10363.4
4.132
3.5E−01
13.52
NUE531
10083.3
4.905
2.4E−02
24.81


NUE574
10366.2
4.697
7.2E−02
29.04
NUE531
10081.4
6.308
1.3E−02
60.52


NUE574
10366.1
4.264
6.0E−03
17.15
NUE531
10083.2
5.480
8.6E−02
39.45


Control

3.640


NUE531
10081.5
7.516
4.3E−02
91.25


NUE581
9724.9
4.35
1.5E−01
13.8
Control

3.930




Control

3.82


NUE536
9233.3
7.107
3.3E−02
42.30


NUE583
9673.4
5.145
8.6E−02
41.35
Control

4.994




NUE583
9673.2
4.621
1.6E−02
26.95
NUE537
9393.3
7.508
5.7E−02
85.53


NUE583
9671.2
4.181
1.0E−01
14.88
Control

4.047




NUE583
9671.1
3.903
3.2E−01
7.24
NUE539
10101.5
5.026
1.1E−01
43.93


Control

3.640


NUE539
10103.5
5.622
7.6E−03
60.99


NUE586
9751.1
4.510
4.7E−01
7.36
NUE539
10101.7
6.622
4.1E−03
89.62


NUE586
9751.7
5.845
3.0E−03
39.13
Control

3.492




NUE586
9751.3
5.259
7.3E−02
25.20
NUE543
10051.1
5.204
9.1E−02
21.47


NUE586
9752.2
4.903
1.1E−01
16.71
NUE543
10052.3
4.978
2.0E−01
16.20


NUE586
9752.1
6.626
1.3E−05
57.73
NUE543
10051.2
5.086
3.6E−01
18.73


Control

4.201


Control

4.284




NUE586
9751.1
5.290
3.0E−01
13.71
NUE544
9764.2
8.303
9.5E−02
46.92


NUE586
9751.6
6.090
1.6E−03
30.92
NUE544
9763.3
6.821
1.1E−01
20.71


NUE586
9751.3
5.181
3.1E−01
11.38
Control

5.651




NUE586
9752.4
5.952
2.9E−03
27.96
NUE548
9095.2
7.731
2.2E−01
46.90


NUE586
9752.1
6.660
2.1E−04
43.17
NUE548
9095.4
7.888
1.3E−01
49.89


Control

4.652


NUE548
9091.1
6.011
2.7E−01
14.23


NUE593
10391.2
4.849
8.9E−03
30.18
Control

5.262




NUE593
10394.1
4.390
2.4E−01
17.85
NUE554
9115.2
7.603
3.2E−02
36.68


NUE593
10394.2
4.698
3.3E−02
26.13
Control

5.562




Control

3.725


NUE563
9452.3
9.266
1.7E−01
111.97


NUE592
9741.7
4.08
4.8E−01
6.8
NUE563
9451.2
6.068
1.3E−01
38.82


NUE592
9747.4
4.00
6.2E−01
4.8
NUE563
9452.1
5.145
1.2E−01
17.70


NUE592
9747.5
4.70
1.8E−02
23.0
Control

4.371




Control

3.82


NUE566
9513.1
5.537
2.0E−01
26.67







NUE566
9512.2
5.086
1.3E−01
16.36







NUE566
9512.1
7.608
1.0E−01
74.05







NUE566
9514.1
7.752
2.2E−03
77.33







Control

4.371









NUE569
9381.2
5.147
2.8E−02
21.78







Control

4.226









NUE570
9311.4
4.965
5.6E−01
22.69







NUE570
9314.4
5.327
8.0E−02
31.63







NUE570
9314.1
5.093
3.3E−01
25.85







Control

4.047









NUE574
10364.2
4.318
1.9E−01
9.88







NUE574
10366.2
7.430
5.1E−02
89.06







NUE574
10366.1
5.260
5.6E−02
33.83







Control

3.930









NUE581
9723.6
4.16
7.4E
6.5







NUE581
9724.9
4.93
1.9E
26.3







Control

3.90









NUE583
9673.4
8.986
1.7E−02
128.64







NUE583
9673.2
6.359
5.0E−02
61.80







NUE583
9671.2
4.956
1.0E−01
26.11







Control

3.930









NUE586
9751.1
5.324
5.1E−01
14.00







NUE586
9751.7
8.938
2.6E−02
91.38







NUE586
9751.3
6.250
8.3E−02
33.83







NUE586
9752.2
5.566
3.7E−01
19.18







NUE586
9752.1
10.320
9.6E−04
120.99







Control

4.670









NUE586
9751.1
7.261
2.8E−01
28.49







NUE586
9751.6
7.902
4.2E−02
39.83







NUE586
9751.7
6.250
6.0E−01
10.60







NUE586
9751.3
7.274
9.2E−02
28.71







NUE586
9752.4
8.572
6.8E−03
51.70







NUE586
9752.1
9.922
5.6E−02
75.58







Control

5.651









NUE587
9643.2
7.007
7.6E−02
50.03







Control

4.670









NUE592
9741.7
4.20
7.0E
7.7







NUE592
9747.5
5.31
7.3E
36.0







Control

3.90









NUE593
10391.2
5.167
2.6E−01
20.60







NUE593
10394.2
6.009
9.4E−02
40.25







Control

4.284





Table 26: Analyses of root performance (root length and coverage) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions [low nitrogen or nitrogen deficient conditions (0.75 mM N)] as compared to control plants.


“Ave.” = Average;


“Incr.” = increment.






The genes presented in Tables 27 and 28, hereinbelow, have improved plant growth rate when grown under limiting nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. Plants showing fast growth rate confirm a better plant establishment in soil under nitrogen deficient conditions. Faster growth was observed when growth rate of leaf area as well as root length and coverage was measured.


Table 27 and 28 depict analyses of plant growth rate of the leaf area, root coverage and root length when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions [low nitrogen or nitrogen deficient conditions (0.75 mM N)] in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the second experiment confirmed the significant increment in growth rate. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 27







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some


embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant growth rate (relative


growth rate of leaf area and root coverage) under nitrogen deficient conditions











RGR Of Leaf Area

RGR Of Roots Coverage
















Gene


p-
%
Gene


p-
%


Name
Event #
Average
value
Incr.
Name
Event #
Average
value
Incr.



















CT11
4892.3
0.043
3.1E−01
14.75
CT11
4894.3
1.07
2.6E−01
18.78


CT11
4893.2
0.054
7.0E−02
43.87
CT11
4892.2
1.02
4.7E−01
12.68


Control

0.038


CT11
4892.1
1.17
4.9E−02
29.43


CT11
4894.3
0.071
3.2E−02
37.85
Control

0.90




CT11
4892.3
0.077
6.5E−03
47.95
CT22
5023.1
0.49
6.6E−02
51.49


CT11
4892.2
0.066
8.1E−02
27.89
Control

0.32




Control

0.052


CT27
5033.7
0.51
5.1E−01
59.31


CT27
5031.4
0.059
2.1E−03
56.19
CT27
5031.4
0.66
4.4E−01
106.25


CT27
5035.2
0.050
3.7E−02
31.33
CT27
5035.2
0.48
3.3E−01
50.35


Control

0.038


CT27
5033.6
0.46
1.9E−01
41.98


CT27
5035.2
0.052
1.4E−02
47.58
CT27
5033.4
0.81
5.0E−02
152.27


Control

0.035


CT27
5033.8
0.36
4.5E−02
12.91


CT27
5033.4
0.047
1.9E−01
28.65
Control

0.32




CT27
5033.8
0.062
1.7E−04
66.84
CT6
4943.1
0.93
4.7E−02
60.75


Control

0.037


CT6
4941.4
0.88
3.3E−02
52.53


CT6
4943.1
0.058
1.9E−02
54.43
Control

0.58




CT6
4941.4
0.058
1.2E−02
52.74
CT75
4873.3
0.75
1.1E−01
30.24


Control

0.038


Control

0.58




CT76
5044.6
0.059
3.8E−01
13.49
CT76
5041.5
1.29
5.2E−02
43.20


CT76
5041.5
0.075
2.9E−02
44.40
CT76
5043.5
1.24
5.2E−02
37.15


CT76
5043.5
0.082
2.8E−04
58.85
CT76
5041.6
1.01
4.7E−01
11.99


CT76
5041.9
0.084
4.2E−03
62.25
Control

0.90




CT76
5041.6
0.086
5.5E−04
65.56
CT76
5044.6
0.59
3.6E−02
49.62


Control

0.052


CT76
5043.5
0.67
1.9E−02
71.45


CT76
5044.6
0.044
2.9E−01
18.54
CT76
5041.6
0.46
4.1E−01
17.98


CT76
5041.5
0.050
5.8E−02
36.83
CT76
5041.9
0.64
8.3E−03
64.17


CT76
5043.5
0.075
1.6E−07
103.60
Control

0.39




CT76
5041.6
0.053
9.2E−03
43.71
NUE206
6731.2
0.88
6.1E−03
107.33


CT76
5041.9
0.055
7.7E−03
48.95
NUE206
6732.7
0.54
2.5E−01
28.14


Control

0.037


Control

0.42




CT81
4992.1
0.074
1.9E−03
43.33
NUE206
6731.2
0.73
3.0E−04
103.93


CT81
4993.5
0.061
2.8E−01
17.47
NUE206
6732.9
0.46
1.5E−01
29.09


CT81
4992.2
0.072
2.3E−02
38.79
NUE206
6732.5
0.51
1.5E−01
42.93


Control

0.052


Control

0.36




NUE206
6731.2
0.035
2.0E−02
39.25
NUE208
8354.8
0.58
3.9E−01
18.43


NUE206
6732.7
0.032
6.4E−02
28.96
NUE208
8351.3
0.71
3.7E−02
44.72


Control

0.025


Control

0.49




NUE208
8351.3
0.046
1.0E−02
54.30
NUE208
8355.3
0.72
9.1E−03
100.13


NUE208
8355.3
0.038
9.5E−02
28.29
Control

0.36




Control

0.030


NUE209
8192.13
0.63
1.3E−01
28.43


NUE208
8355.3
0.073
2.0E−02
55.84
NUE209
8192.14
0.65
1.1E−01
32.34


Control

0.047


Control

0.49




NUE209
8192.13
0.043
3.2E−02
44.12
NUE209
8192.14
0.65
4.0E−03
79.86


NUE209
8192.14
0.047
6.9E−03
60.54
Control

0.36




Control

0.030


NUE212
8332.2
0.64
2.2E−02
70.92


NUE209
8192.13
0.047
2.2E−02
38.99
NUE212
8334.1
0.61
1.5E−01
63.17


NUE209
8191.5
0.055
4.8E−04
64.77
Control

0.37




NUE209
8192.14
0.041
1.2E−01
22.52
NUE212
8335.2
0.75
1.1E−02
52.25


Control

0.033


NUE212
8331.4
0.76
2.4E−02
54.17


NUE209
8192.14
0.071
2.5E−03
52.94
Control

0.49




NUE209
8191.3
0.057
2.2E−01
22.44
NUE212
8332.2
1.08
2.7E−02
58.34


Control

0.047


NUE212
8331.4
0.87
1.6E−01
27.37


NUE212
8335.2
0.041
1.9E−02
40.11
Control

0.68




NUE212
8331.4
0.046
8.8E−03
54.77
NUE223
9611.5
1.06
8.9E−04
67.16


Control

0.030


NUE223
9612.3
0.77
2.3E−01
21.00


NUE212
8332.1
0.062
4.8E−03
50.03
Control

0.63




Control

0.041


NUE228
10092.2
0.70
2.0E−02
41.76


NUE224
9001.3
0.064
5.9E−04
41.00
NUE228
10093.3
0.61
1.5E−01
23.30


Control

0.045


NUE228
10093.1
0.66
5.5E−02
33.53


NUE230
9154.2
0.054
8.1E−02
19.70
Control

0.49




NUE230
9151.2
0.052
1.5E−01
14.88
NUE233
10174.3
0.52
2.2E−01
27.38


Control

0.045


NUE233
10174.1
0.86
1.1E−05
111.13


NUE230
9153.3
0.046
3.5E−02
23.46
NUE233
10173.7
0.59
4.2E−02
45.30


Control

0.038


Control

0.41




NUE233
10174.3
0.047
2.8E−03
52.81
NUE233
10174.1
0.56
8.1E−02
22.89


NUE233
10174.1
0.075
5.3E−09
141.80
NUE233
10173.7
0.72
2.7E−03
57.48


NUE233
10173.7
0.040
4.3E−02
28.55
Control

0.46




Control

0.031


NUE234
9162.1
0.51
5.1E−02
39.40


NUE237
9651.1
0.051
4.5E−01
12.77
Control

0.37




NUE237
9654.4
0.059
2.5E−02
31.14
NUE235
9693.4
0.68
2.5E−03
44.45


NUE237
9654.1
0.056
2.6E−02
24.39
NUE235
9691.1
0.56
2.0E−01
18.18


Control

0.045


NUE235
9694.4
0.55
2.3E−01
15.87


NUE239
9191.1
0.063
1.3E−02
58.77
NUE235
9694.3
0.76
1.1E−03
60.48


Control

0.040


Control

0.47




NUE239
9192.3
0.061
5.3E−02
25.48
NUE237
9654.4
0.93
7.8E−02
39.79


Control

0.048


NUE237
9654.1
0.84
2.4E−01
26.90


NUE240
9172.2
0.067
1.5E−03
68.99
Control

0.66




NUE240
9174.3
0.052
1.4E−01
29.40
NUE239
9191.1
0.75
6.5E−02
36.48


Control

0.040


Control

0.55




NUE240
9172.1
0.068
4.1E−03
41.05
NUE239
9192.3
1.08
7.2E−05
71.00


Control

0.048


NUE239
9191.2
0.73
3.5E−01
14.79


NUE241
9633.4
0.053
4.5E−04
58.65
Control

0.63




NUE241
9632.2
0.042
7.6E−02
26.55
NUE240
9172.2
0.73
5.1E−02
33.21


NUE241
9632.4
0.045
6.8E−02
35.24
NUE240
9174.3
0.68
1.4E−01
23.94


Control

0.033


Control

0.55




NUE241
9632.3
0.056
2.2E−02
43.54
NUE240
9172.1
0.93
8.4E−03
46.95


Control

0.039


Control

0.63




NUE242
9212.1
0.053
4.2E−03
49.38
NUE241
9633.4
1.05
5.1E−09
121.17


NUE242
9213.4
0.041
2.2E−01
15.83
NUE241
9632.3
0.56
3.0E−01
17.76


Control

0.036


NUE241
9632.2
0.70
4.2E−03
47.48


NUE245
10641.7
0.064
3.3E−02
39.30
NUE241
9632.4
0.68
2.6E−02
42.78


Control

0.046


Control

0.47




NUE246
9033.8
0.047
5.0E−01
13.54
NUE241
9632.3
0.73
8.7E−02
37.63


NUE246
9033.4
0.053
1.8E−01
27.65
NUE241
9632.4
0.68
1.8E−01
28.48


NUE246
9034.1
0.067
1.3E−02
63.07
Control

0.53




Control

0.041


NUE242
9214.1
0.82
5.3E−01
34.65


NUE248
8981.5
0.059
1.8E−02
42.38
NUE242
9213.4
0.98
4.4E−04
61.42


Control

0.041


Control

0.61




NUE250
9132.1
0.051
2.9E−01
13.50
NUE242
9212.1
0.69
2.3E−03
76.75


NUE250
9132.2
0.051
4.2E−01
12.43
NUE242
9213.4
0.55
4.3E−02
40.32


NUE250
9134.1
0.055
5.3E−02
21.91
Control

0.39




Control

0.045


NUE245
10641.7
0.67
5.7E−03
46.73


NUE251
10181.3
0.052
3.2E−05
67.47
NUE245
10641.8
0.57
4.6E−02
24.96


NUE251
10183.2
0.044
1.1E−02
41.23
NUE245
10643.4
0.50
4.1E−01
10.90


NUE251
10183.1
0.043
1.1E−02
38.27
Control

0.46




Control

0.031


NUE246
9033.8
0.72
2.4E−01
22.81


NUE251
10183.2
0.084
2.2E−05
83.75
NUE246
9033.4
0.69
3.8E−01
17.06


NUE251
10182.1
0.057
8.1E−02
23.66
NUE246
9034.1
0.78
1.5E−01
32.69


NUE251
10181.1
0.048
7.3E−01
4.28
NUE246
9031.1
0.90
1.2E−02
52.58


Control

0.046


Control

0.59




NUE256
10063.4
0.045
4.9E−01
10.33
NUE248
8981.5
0.70
7.3E−02
30.02


NUE256
10064.1
0.057
1.5E−02
37.35
Control

0.53




Control

0.041


NUE250
9134.1
0.68
3.3E−01
12.73


NUE256
10063.4
0.061
8.1E−04
96.42
NUE250
9132.2
0.89
3.6E−02
46.62


NUE256
10064.1
0.063
1.3E−05
104.87
Control

0.61




NUE256
10061.2
0.065
1.0E−07
110.14
NUE251
10183.2
0.81
8.3E−05
77.68


NUE256
10062.4
0.062
2.3E−05
99.98
NUE251
10181.1
0.56
1.8E−01
24.08


NUE256
10063.2
0.054
1.7E−04
74.87
Control

0.46




Control

0.031


NUE254
8972.4
0.74
6.0E−02
38.45


NUE256
10061.2
0.071
6.0E−04
55.03
Control

0.53




NUE256
10061.4
0.068
4.1E−03
47.93
NUE256
10063.4
0.88
2.3E−04
115.25


NUE256
10063.2
0.051
3.9E−01
11.43
NUE256
10064.1
0.89
1.6E−04
117.15


Control

0.046


NUE256
10061.2
0.74
5.9E−04
81.36


NUE511
9271.2
0.056
2.6E−02
50.68
NUE256
10062.4
0.77
4.0E−03
87.01


Control

0.040


NUE256
10063.2
0.78
7.9E−04
90.93


NUE512
9282.3
0.072
3.6E−04
68.22
Control

0.41




NUE512
9284.4
0.059
8.0E−03
38.67
NUE256
10061.3
0.55
7.7E−02
20.48


Control

0.043


NUE256
10061.2
0.61
1.1E−02
34.76


NUE514
9404.1
0.047
3.4E−02
30.81
NUE256
10061.4
0.67
6.4E−03
46.55


NUE514
9402.2
0.041
3.3E−01
14.01
NUE256
10063.2
0.63
6.6E−03
39.24


NUE514
9403.2
0.042
1.7E−01
17.39
Control

0.46




Control

0.036


NUE268
8996.5
0.95
7.5E−03
46.67


NUE516
9291.1
0.051
3.6E−01
12.83
Control

0.65




NUE516
9291.4
0.058
5.2E−02
28.67
NUE512
9284.3
0.59
1.2E−01
24.74


Control

0.045


NUE512
9282.3
0.72
1.5E−02
51.97


NUE519
9371.2
0.065
7.6E−02
34.99
NUE512
9284.4
0.94
7.5E−06
98.41


NUE519
9371.1
0.059
1.7E−01
22.69
Control

0.47




Control

0.048


NUE513
9681.6
0.77
1.4E−01
21.72


NUE521
9362.2
0.050
7.7E−03
41.00
Control

0.63




NUE521
9361.2
0.041
3.1E−01
15.27
NUE514
9404.1
0.72
2.6E−01
17.95


NUE521
9363.4
0.056
1.4E−04
56.51
NUE514
9404.5
0.79
2.9E−02
30.17


Control

0.036


Control

0.61




NUE521
9362.2
0.057
3.4E−01
16.01
NUE514
9403.2
0.67
3.9E−05
71.81


NUE521
9363.4
0.065
6.3E−02
31.54
NUE514
9402.5
0.52
5.8E−02
34.24


Control

0.049


Control

0.39




NUE523
9412.5
0.048
4.9E−02
33.67
NUE519
9371.2
0.97
5.6E−02
52.96


NUE523
9414.2
0.043
9.2E−02
20.21
NUE519
9371.1
0.96
2.5E−02
51.45


Control

0.036


Control

0.63




NUE523
9412.5
0.058
7.6E−02
41.83
NUE520
9771.4
0.59
2.1E−01
20.79


NUE523
9414.2
0.049
2.2E−01
19.88
NUE520
9771.7
0.72
9.4E−03
47.07


NUE523
9412.1
0.062
5.2E−03
49.67
NUE520
9771.2
0.78
4.4E−03
59.79


Control

0.041


NUE520
9771.3
0.89
5.5E−04
81.39


NUE525
9531.2
0.043
8.9E−02
27.96
Control

0.49




NUE525
9534.1
0.042
1.4E−01
27.19
NUE520
9771.4
0.76
1.5E−03
85.18


NUE525
9531.3
0.046
3.9E−02
36.82
NUE520
9771.2
0.83
3.7E−04
102.18


NUE525
9533.1
0.048
1.6E−02
42.76
NUE520
9771.3
0.66
5.4E−03
60.90


NUE525
9531.1
0.045
3.5E−02
36.14
NUE520
9773.1
0.57
1.1E−01
39.32


Control

0.033


Control

0.41




NUE531
10083.1
0.070
5.6E−02
24.91
NUE521
9362.2
0.55
5.4E−02
39.89


NUE531
10082.2
0.067
1.1E−01
20.04
NUE521
9361.3
0.46
2.1E−01
18.65


NUE531
10081.4
0.070
1.2E−01
24.78
NUE521
9363.4
0.63
1.4E−03
61.36


NUE531
10081.5
0.073
8.2E−02
30.25
Control

0.39




Control

0.056


NUE523
9412.5
0.58
5.0E−02
49.67


NUE531
10081.4
0.051
4.0E−01
11.96
NUE523
9414.2
0.63
9.9E−06
61.62


NUE531
10081.5
0.090
1.3E−05
95.63
Control

0.39




Control

0.046


NUE523
9413.3
0.80
2.6E−01
24.87


NUE532
9222.4
0.050
1.6E−01
40.00
NUE523
9414.2
1.03
3.8E−03
60.15


Control

0.036


Control

0.64




NUE535
9082.2
0.040
1.7E−01
29.19
NUE523
9412.5
1.03
5.0E−02
44.09


NUE535
9084.2
0.037
2.0E−01
17.89
NUE523
9414.2
1.05
7.8E−03
47.15


NUE535
9081.1
0.045
4.7E−02
45.68
Control

0.71




NUE535
9083.1
0.059
9.9E−06
91.43
NUE525
9531.2
0.71
1.1E−03
50.16


NUE535
9084.4
0.046
6.1E−03
49.99
NUE525
9534.1
0.76
3.0E−03
59.45


Control

0.031


NUE525
9531.3
0.55
3.9E−01
15.44


NUE537
9391.2
0.067
8.9E−04
57.56
NUE525
9533.1
0.75
1.1E−03
57.42


NUE537
9393.3
0.078
3.4E−06
83.37
NUE525
9531.1
0.88
9.0E−04
85.07


Control

0.043


Control

0.47




NUE539
10103.5
0.060
7.5E−02
45.45
NUE527
9201.2
0.91
6.0E−02
39.82


Control

0.041


Control

0.65




NUE539
10101.5
0.052
6.3E−04
68.95
NUE528
9073.1
0.91
8.8E−02
33.70


NUE539
10103.5
0.052
2.7E−05
67.92
Control

0.68




NUE539
10101.2
0.058
4.6E−06
85.91
NUE531
10081.4
0.65
1.2E−01
33.32


NUE539
10101.7
0.067
1.3E−06
115.49
NUE531
10081.5
0.95
6.1E−03
93.18


Control

0.031


Control

0.49




NUE542
9333.2
0.058
1.7E−02
27.22
NUE531
10083.3
0.56
5.7E−02
22.09


Control

0.045


NUE531
10081.4
0.76
2.5E−04
67.03


NUE543
10051.2
0.043
4.9E−01
11.08
NUE531
10083.2
0.65
7.4E−03
42.46


NUE543
10051.6
0.052
2.6E−02
32.97
NUE531
10081.5
0.88
5.5E−05
94.20


Control

0.039


Control

0.46




NUE548
9095.2
0.058
1.9E−02
45.78
NUE535
9084.2
0.87
1.1E−01
34.81


NUE548
9092.2
0.054
1.1E−01
34.83
Control

0.65




Control

0.040


NUE536
9233.3
0.85
2.7E−02
45.06


NUE548
9095.2
0.067
2.0E−01
16.93
Control

0.59




NUE548
9095.4
0.082
6.7E−03
43.33
NUE537
9393.2
0.50
9.3E−02
28.21


NUE548
9091.1
0.070
7.8E−02
21.75
NUE537
9393.3
0.49
8.0E−02
25.71


Control

0.057


Control

0.39




NUE554
9115.2
0.067
8.8E−02
26.21
NUE537
9393.3
0.92
5.4E−04
95.13


Control

0.053


Control

0.47




NUE560
9424.3
0.069
4.8E−02
39.85
NUE539
10101.5
0.62
3.4E−02
50.84


Control

0.049


NUE539
10103.5
0.66
6.2E−03
61.79


NUE564
9242.2
0.066
8.5E−03
54.86
NUE539
10101.7
0.80
2.0E−04
96.01


Control

0.043


Control

0.41




NUE566
9512.1
0.052
2.2E−02
56.47
NUE544
9764.2
1.00
2.7E−02
46.55


Control

0.033


NUE544
9763.3
0.80
2.7E−01
17.81


NUE567
9263.3
0.053
1.8E−01
25.10
Control

0.68




Control

0.043


NUE545
9482.4
0.61
7.1E−02
28.80


NUE568
9471.3
0.051
2.9E−01
14.08
Control

0.47




NUE568
9472.2
0.062
5.2E−03
40.02
NUE548
9095.2
0.72
1.2E−01
30.12


Control

0.045


Control

0.55




NUE570
9314.1
0.064
6.7E−02
32.94
NUE548
9095.2
0.96
1.5E−02
57.39


Control

0.048


NUE548
9095.4
0.97
4.3E−03
59.52


NUE573
9491.4
0.058
6.1E−02
30.87
NUE548
9091.1
0.74
1.1E−01
22.28


NUE573
9494.3
0.055
1.4E−01
23.73
Control

0.61




Control

0.045


NUE550
9141.3
0.83
1.4E−01
28.42


NUE574
10364.2
0.062
1.0E−02
34.44
Control

0.65




NUE574
10362.2
0.048
6.7E−01
5.59
NUE554
9115.2
0.93
1.7E−02
43.12


NUE574
10366.2
0.079
6.5E−05
72.54
Control

0.65




Control

0.046


NUE563
9452.3
1.02
3.8E−03
114.90


NUE576
9791.3
0.046
2.5E−01
17.12
NUE563
9451.2
0.65
3.0E−02
36.75


NUE576
9792.4
0.050
9.0E−02
27.76
Control

0.47




NUE576
9794.1
0.048
9.8E−02
24.04
NUE564
9242.3
0.58
2.0E−01
21.75


NUE576
9793.3
0.048
1.4E−01
22.67
NUE564
9242.2
0.71
3.1E−02
49.74


Control

0.039


NUE564
9243.4
0.65
9.3E−02
37.10


NUE582
9562.4
0.056
4.1E−02
24.61
Control

0.47




Control

0.045


NUE566
9513.1
0.58
1.3E−01
23.35


NUE583
9673.1
0.056
3.2E−02
43.43
NUE566
9512.2
0.56
1.7E−01
17.73


Control

0.039


NUE566
9512.1
0.79
5.1E−03
67.15


NUE583
9673.4
0.092
3.5E−05
100.45
NUE566
9514.1
0.86
2.8E−05
80.42


NUE583
9673.2
0.063
2.5E−02
38.28
Control

0.47




Control

0.046


NUE567
9263.3
0.66
7.7E−02
39.99


NUE586
9751.6
0.047
4.2E−01
12.92
Control

0.47




NUE586
9751.7
0.049
3.1E−01
19.09
NUE567
9263.3
0.97
5.0E−02
42.53


NUE586
9752.4
0.057
2.6E−02
36.93
Control

0.68




NUE586
9752.1
0.058
1.0E−01
39.90
NUE569
9381.2
0.60
8.8E−02
20.49


Control

0.041


NUE569
9381.5
0.59
2.1E−01
19.31







Control

0.50









NUE570
9311.4
0.60
2.9E−01
27.17







NUE570
9314.4
0.64
4.5E−02
35.92







NUE570
9314.1
0.61
1.6E−01
29.32







Control

0.47









NUE570
9314.4
0.63
2.6E−01
26.50







NUE570
9314.1
0.81
1.1E−02
64.12







Control

0.50









NUE571
9304.2
0.84
1.4E−01
30.16







Control

0.64









NUE574
10364.2
0.51
2.5E−01
12.29







NUE574
10366.2
0.91
7.6E−05
99.71







NUE574
10366.1
0.63
6.2E−03
38.15







Control

0.46









NUE583
9673.4
1.08
7.4E−07
136.31







NUE583
9673.2
0.76
3.4E−04
67.32







NUE583
9671.2
0.58
3.4E−02
27.94







Control

0.46









NUE586
9751.7
1.08
4.4E−04
90.56







NUE586
9751.3
0.73
1.3E−01
28.69







NUE586
9752.1
1.23
1.1E−06
117.25







Control

0.57









NUE586
9751.1
0.86
1.9E−01
26.09







NUE586
9751.6
0.93
5.1E−02
35.91







NUE586
9751.3
0.89
9.6E−02
30.27







NUE586
9752.4
1.02
9.5E−03
49.17







NUE586
9752.1
1.16
6.5E−03
69.78







Control

0.68









NUE587
9643.2
0.85
2.3E−02
50.29







Control

0.57









NUE593
10394.2
0.72
1.5E−02
46.89







Control

0.49





Table 27: Analyses of plant growth rate (relative growth rate of leaf area and root coverage) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions [low nitrogen or nitrogen deficient conditions (0.75 mM N)] as compared to control plants.


“Incr.” = increment;


“RGR” = relative growth rate.













TABLE 28







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved


plant growth rate (relative growth rate of root length)


under nitrogen deficient conditions











Gene
Event
RGR Of Roots Length













Name
#
Average
p-value
% incr.
















CT1
4841.1
0.325
4.6E−01
14.92



CT1
4844.5
0.386
3.9E−02
36.53



CT1
4841.2
0.399
5.1E−02
41.25



Control

0.282





CT11
4892.1
0.612
9.8E−02
15.48



Control

0.530





CT22
5023.1
0.373
9.6E−02
32.01



Control

0.282





CT27
5033.4
0.394
5.2E−02
29.10



CT27
5033.8
0.350
2.6E−01
14.96



Control

0.305





CT6
4945.8
0.460
2.1E−01
17.91



CT6
4943.1
0.548
2.0E−02
40.56



Control

0.390





CT75
4873.4
0.473
1.5E−01
21.17



CT75
4873.3
0.532
1.3E−02
36.39



Control

0.390





CT76
5044.6
0.408
1.1E−02
33.88



CT76
5043.5
0.389
7.9E−02
27.59



CT76
5041.9
0.381
6.4E−02
25.11



Control

0.305





NUE206
6731.2
0.496
5.5E−03
49.81



NUE206
6732.7
0.395
1.8E−01
19.18



Control

0.331





NUE206
6731.2
0.501
1.2E−05
64.61



NUE206
6732.9
0.417
8.6E−03
37.13



Control

0.304





NUE208
8351.3
0.477
7.4E−02
22.59



Control

0.389





NUE208
8355.3
0.500
7.9E−04
64.40



Control

0.304





NUE209
8192.13
0.506
1.6E−02
30.23



NUE209
8192.14
0.475
9.5E−02
22.29



Control

0.389





NUE209
8191.2
0.421
5.1E−02
36.60



NUE209
8192.13
0.394
7.1E−02
27.85



NUE209
8191.5
0.410
3.0E−02
32.93



Control

0.308





NUE209
8192.14
0.452
5.1E−03
48.66



Control

0.304





NUE210
8202.2
0.462
9.4E−02
18.92



Control

0.389





NUE210
6755.3
0.421
3.2E−02
36.49



Control

0.308





NUE212
8332.2
0.455
1.7E−02
47.71



NUE212
8334.1
0.426
1.6E−01
38.40



Control

0.308





NUE212
8331.4
0.504
2.3E−02
29.68



Control

0.389





NUE212
8331.1
0.584
6.4E−02
24.96



NUE212
8332.2
0.597
8.7E−02
27.76



NUE212
8331.4
0.567
1.3E−01
21.20



Control

0.468





NUE223
9611.5
0.537
4.1E−03
35.20



NUE223
9612.3
0.466
2.5E−01
17.18



Control

0.397





NUE228
10092.2
0.426
5.6E−02
29.90



NUE228
10093.3
0.422
8.2E−02
28.77



NUE228
10093.1
0.408
1.1E−01
24.40



Control

0.328





NUE233
10174.3
0.391
3.9E−01
14.35



NUE233
10174.1
0.471
4.7E−02
37.60



NUE233
10173.5
0.461
5.6E−02
34.78



NUE233
10172.5
0.412
2.3E−01
20.55



NUE233
10173.7
0.407
2.8E−01
19.07



Control

0.342





NUE233
10174.1
0.404
1.2E−03
29.24



NUE233
10173.5
0.362
2.5E−01
15.71



NUE233
10172.5
0.362
6.0E−02
15.79



NUE233
10173.7
0.436
3.6E−03
39.35



Control

0.313





NUE234
9162.1
0.426
5.9E−02
25.45



Control

0.340





NUE235
9693.4
0.451
1.4E−02
25.62



NUE235
9694.3
0.517
4.3E−04
43.98



Control

0.359





NUE239
9191.1
0.435
3.5E−01
10.73



NUE239
9194.3
0.482
4.7E−02
22.75



Control

0.393





NUE239
9192.3
0.565
2.7E−04
42.18



NUE239
9192.1
0.447
2.6E−01
12.34



NUE239
9191.2
0.449
2.2E−01
13.06



Control

0.397





NUE240
9172.2
0.490
1.2E−02
24.73



Control

0.393





NUE240
9172.1
0.507
1.4E−02
27.47



Control

0.397





NUE241
9633.4
0.554
8.4E−07
54.27



NUE241
9632.3
0.407
2.8E−01
13.32



NUE241
9632.2
0.466
1.7E−03
29.87



NUE241
9632.4
0.432
1.5E−01
20.52



Control

0.359





NUE242
9212.1
0.429
2.2E−01
13.68



NUE242
9213.4
0.544
4.7E−05
44.09



Control

0.377





NUE242
9212.1
0.462
1.1E−03
54.42



NUE242
9211.2
0.403
7.9E−02
34.60



NUE242
9213.4
0.347
2.6E−01
16.09



Control

0.299





NUE245
10643.1
0.351
2.1E−01
12.20



NUE245
10641.7
0.414
3.8E−03
32.32



NUE245
10641.8
0.434
2.5E−04
38.90



NUE245
10643.4
0.377
2.2E−02
20.56



Control

0.313





NUE246
9033.4
0.504
1.2E−01
21.54



NUE246
9034.1
0.510
1.4E−01
22.94



NUE246
9031.1
0.524
5.4E−02
26.35



Control

0.414





NUE250
9134.1
0.433
1.4E−01
14.91



NUE250
9132.2
0.482
2.4E−02
27.68



Control

0.377





NUE251
10183.1
0.460
6.6E−02
34.46



Control

0.342





NUE251
10181.3
0.337
3.8E−01
7.88



NUE251
10183.2
0.485
1.4E−04
55.27



NUE251
10182.1
0.391
3.4E−02
25.13



NUE251
10183.1
0.323
6.8E−01
3.24



NUE251
10181.1
0.361
2.5E−01
15.54



Control

0.313





NUE252
9011.3
0.468
6.8E−03
24.03



NUE252
9012.2
0.438
1.2E−01
16.22



NUE252
9013.2
0.458
8.4E−02
21.40



Control

0.377





NUE254
8972.4
0.508
2.7E−03
27.22



Control

0.399





NUE256
10063.4
0.507
1.5E−02
48.06



NUE256
10064.1
0.525
4.0E−03
53.43



NUE256
10061.2
0.431
1.4E−01
26.08



NUE256
10063.2
0.518
6.8E−03
51.45



Control

0.342





NUE256
10061.3
0.383
6.3E−02
22.55



NUE256
10061.2
0.368
6.1E−02
17.75



NUE256
10061.4
0.432
3.7E−04
38.10



NUE256
10063.2
0.434
3.8E−05
38.83



Control

0.313





NUE512
9282.3
0.479
5.0E−02
22.43



NUE512
9284.4
0.525
3.4E−03
34.40



Control

0.391





NUE513
9681.4
0.489
1.7E−01
18.01



NUE513
9683.5
0.518
8.4E−02
24.96



Control

0.414





NUE513
9681.6
0.475
6.5E−02
19.62



Control

0.397





NUE513
9683.5
0.515
8.4E−02
16.54



Control

0.442





NUE514
9404.1
0.471
2.5E−02
24.98



NUE514
9402.2
0.445
9.9E−02
17.92



NUE514
9404.5
0.493
4.6E−03
30.81



NUE514
9403.2
0.443
4.8E−02
17.37



NUE514
9402.5
0.503
3.8E−03
33.24



Control

0.377





NUE514
9404.1
0.371
3.0E−02
23.82



NUE514
9403.2
0.471
4.9E−05
57.43



NUE514
9402.5
0.442
9.5E−04
47.79



Control

0.299





NUE519
9371.2
0.513
1.3E−01
29.00



NUE519
9371.1
0.555
1.8E−02
39.76



Control

0.397





NUE520
9771.4
0.486
2.5E−03
48.07



NUE520
9771.7
0.471
1.1E−02
43.62



NUE520
9771.2
0.463
9.8E−03
41.14



NUE520
9771.3
0.463
2.4E−02
41.09



Control

0.328





NUE520
9771.4
0.476
3.4E−02
39.14



NUE520
9771.2
0.478
3.0E−02
39.79



Control

0.342





NUE521
9362.2
0.414
1.2E−02
38.49



NUE521
9361.3
0.383
8.8E−03
27.99



NUE521
9363.4
0.456
1.0E−04
52.49



Control

0.299





NUE523
9412.5
0.410
2.6E−02
36.99



NUE523
9414.2
0.495
1.1E−06
65.32



NUE523
9412.1
0.364
7.6E−02
21.51



NUE523
9413.4
0.372
3.3E−02
24.28



Control

0.299





NUE523
9412.5
0.525
1.7E−01
18.63



NUE523
9414.2
0.552
6.9E−03
24.85



Control

0.442





NUE525
9531.2
0.465
3.5E−03
29.55



NUE525
9534.1
0.506
5.7E−04
40.93



NUE525
9531.1
0.494
4.1E−03
37.67



Control

0.359





NUE531
10082.2
0.413
1.1E−01
25.96



NUE531
10081.5
0.451
5.6E−02
37.34



Control

0.328





NUE531
10083.3
0.387
8.0E−03
23.90



NUE531
10082.2
0.359
2.2E−01
14.68



NUE531
10081.4
0.366
5.7E−02
17.00



NUE531
10083.2
0.445
5.0E−04
42.20



NUE531
10081.5
0.478
2.9E−05
52.87



Control

0.313





NUE536
9233.3
0.511
8.2E−02
23.25



Control

0.414





NUE537
9393.2
0.409
2.5E−03
36.75



NUE537
9393.3
0.415
1.8E−03
38.64



Control

0.299





NUE537
9393.3
0.496
1.4E−02
26.83



Control

0.391





NUE539
10101.5
0.454
9.5E−02
32.65



NUE539
10103.5
0.436
1.2E−01
27.43



NUE539
10101.7
0.527
4.4E−03
53.99



Control

0.342





NUE539
10101.7
0.420
2.4E−03
34.28



Control

0.313





NUE544
9764.2
0.581
9.7E−02
24.20



Control

0.468





NUE548
9095.2
0.495
3.1E−02
31.12



NUE548
9095.4
0.541
1.3E−03
43.44



NUE548
9091.1
0.436
8.2E−02
15.49



Control

0.377





NUE550
9141.3
0.469
9.2E−02
27.80



Control

0.367





NUE563
9452.3
0.513
4.5E−03
42.86



Control

0.359





NUE566
9512.1
0.448
7.9E−02
24.77



NUE566
9514.1
0.530
1.3E−05
47.65



Control

0.359





NUE570
9314.4
0.477
6.1E−02
22.12



NUE570
9314.1
0.436
3.3E−01
11.56



Control

0.391





NUE570
9314.1
0.522
5.4E−02
26.80



Control

0.411





NUE574
10363.4
0.384
9.0E−02
22.79



NUE574
10364.2
0.369
3.4E−02
18.18



NUE574
10362.2
0.372
4.0E−02
19.10



NUE574
10366.2
0.505
1.3E−05
61.62



NUE574
10366.1
0.403
1.8E−03
28.75



Control

0.313





NUE583
9673.1
0.337
3.3E−01
7.83



NUE583
9673.4
0.511
4.9E−04
63.57



NUE583
9673.2
0.445
1.3E−04
42.20



NUE583
9671.2
0.373
5.7E−02
19.44



NUE583
9671.1
0.356
1.3E−01
13.96



Control

0.313





NUE586
9751.1
0.466
3.8E−01
12.01



NUE586
9751.7
0.561
1.4E−02
34.87



NUE586
9752.1
0.616
6.6E−04
48.10



Control

0.416





NUE586
9751.6
0.578
9.9E−02
23.61



NUE586
9751.3
0.544
2.5E−01
16.32



NUE586
9752.4
0.585
6.0E−02
25.16



NUE586
9752.1
0.611
3.8E−02
30.58



Control

0.468





NUE593
10394.2
0.446
2.9E−02
35.91



Control

0.328





Table 28: Analyses of plant growth rate (relative growth rate of root length) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions [low nitrogen or nitrogen deficient conditions (0.75 mM N)] as compared to control plants. “Incr.” = increment; “RGR” = relative growth rate.






The genes presented in Tables 29 and 30, hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE since they produced larger plant biomass when grown under standard nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants, indicating the high ability of the plant to better metabolize the nitrogen present in the medium.


Tables 29 and 30 depict analyses of plant biomass (plant fresh and dry weight and leaf area) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions [normal or regular growth conditions (15 mM N)] in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 29







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the


invention exhibit improved plant biomass (fresh and dry weight) under standard nitrogen conditions











Plant Fresh Weight [mg]

Plant Dry Weight [mg]
















Gene



%
Gene


p-
%


Name
Event #
Average
p-value
incr.
Name
Event #
Average
value
incr.



















CT1
4841.1
224.68
5.7E−03
44.54
CT11
4894.3
10.93
1.0E−01
57.88


CT1
4844.3
220.28
1.3E−01
41.71
CT11
4892.2
11.00
2.3E−02
58.84


Control

155.44


CT11
4892.3
9.35
1.6E−01
35.02


CT11
4892.2
327.13
1.2E−02
41.78
CT11
4893.2
7.20
7.0E−01
3.97


CT11
4892.3
321.38
4.4E−02
39.29
CT11
4892.1
12.40
1.0E−01
79.06


Control

230.73


Control

6.93




CT11
4893.2
293.83
1.8E−02
70.30
CT11
4894.2
6.70
5.8E−01
8.06


Control

172.54


CT11
4893.2
12.73
5.8E−03
105.24


CT22
5023.1
249.48
1.3E−02
60.50
Control

6.20




Control

155.44


CT27
5033.6
7.40
1.9E−01
79.39


CT27
5033.6
234.13
1.1E−01
148.18
CT27
5033.8
7.50
9.2E−02
81.82


CT27
5033.8
192.50
8.4E−03
104.05
CT27
5033.5
5.55
1.9E−01
34.55


CT27
5033.5
143.73
3.1E−01
52.35
Control

4.13




Control

94.34


CT27
5033.7
8.23
1.5E−01
32.66


CT27
5033.7
224.58
1.2E−01
30.16
CT27
5035.2
13.10
2.1E−04
111.29


CT27
5035.2
343.65
2.2E−02
99.17
CT27
5031.4
9.28
8.2E−03
49.60


CT27
5031.4
255.88
3.0E−03
48.30
CT27
5033.6
8.15
2.7E−01
31.45


Control

172.54


CT27
5033.4
7.95
4.7E−02
28.23


CT76
5041.7
292.55
5.6E−02
26.80
CT27
5033.8
8.90
2.5E−02
43.55


CT76
5043.5
415.05
1.4E−03
79.89
CT27
5033.5
7.63
2.1E−01
22.98


Control

230.73


Control

6.20




CT76
5044.6
239.08
2.1E−03
153.43
CT6
4943.1
7.83
3.2E−01
26.21


CT76
5041.5
209.10
1.6E−03
121.65
CT6
4945.9
7.63
1.8E−01
22.98


CT76
5043.5
272.60
2.7E−02
188.96
CT6
4941.4
9.28
2.9E−02
49.60


CT76
5041.6
124.75
3.9E−02
32.24
Control

6.20




CT76
5041.9
245.20
7.1E−02
159.92
CT75
4874.4
9.35
1.2E−02
50.81


Control

94.34


Control

6.20




CT81
4992.1
381.73
3.3E−04
65.45
CT76
5044.6
9.40
1.6E−01
35.74


CT81
4992.2
305.85
2.8E−01
32.56
CT76
5043.5
17.23
7.8E−06
148.74


Control

230.73


CT76
5041.6
10.03
9.7E−02
44.89


NUE209
8192.14
217.23
3.8E−02
86.30
Control

6.93




Control

116.60


CT76
5044.6
7.43
5.8E−02
80.00


NUE210
8202.1
279.53
1.1E−01
139.73
CT76
5041.5
9.70
1.0E−04
135.15


NUE210
8201.3
250.90
4.8E−02
115.18
CT76
5041.7
5.03
4.5E−01
21.82


Control

116.60


CT76
5043.5
10.88
1.3E−02
163.64


NUE211
8263.5
162.35
5.0E−02
31.43
CT76
5041.9
8.95
1.1E−02
116.97


Control

123.53


Control

4.13




NUE212
8332.1
253.75
1.0E−01
105.42
CT81
4992.1
11.20
4.1E−02
61.73


NUE212
8335.2
169.28
4.9E−02
37.03
CT81
4993.5
8.60
3.6E−01
24.19


Control

123.53


CT81
4992.2
8.63
3.4E−01
24.55


NUE212
8335.2
221.83
2.0E−02
90.24
CT81
4995.5
7.90
3.8E−01
14.08


NUE212
8331.4
163.88
2.7E−01
40.54
Control

6.93




Control

116.60


NUE206
6732.9
13.68
7.9E−03
43.38


NUE212
8332.1
116.43
1.8E−01
29.34
NUE206
6731.2
14.13
4.3E−01
48.19


NUE212
8334.1
128.33
8.1E−02
42.56
NUE206
6732.5
12.98
1.8E−02
36.04


NUE212
8331.4
143.63
3.0E−02
59.56
NUE206
6732.2
10.98
3.6E−01
15.07


Control

90.01


Control

9.54




NUE221
9802.8
149.35
3.9E−03
58.7
NUE208
8354.8
8.20
2.7E−02
78.75


NUE221
9806.1
209.18
1.7E−08
122.3
NUE208
8355.3
5.78
3.3E−01
25.89


Control

94.09


Control

4.59




NUE222
8851.3
240.70
6.1E−02
106.43
NUE208
8354.8
6.15
3.1E−02
14.42


NUE222
8852.4
138.15
3.1E−01
18.48
Control

5.38




Control

116.60


NUE208
8354.8
16.45
1.9E−03
72.48


NUE224
9002.4
279.08
6.1E−02
32.66
NUE208
8354.5
15.58
2.4E−03
63.30


Control

210.36


NUE208
8355.3
12.40
9.6E−02
30.01


NUE224
9002.4
159.13
2.6E−01
14.58
Control

9.54




NUE224
9002.2
268.95
3.8E−03
93.66
NUE209
8192.1
7.73
1.5E−01
68.39


NUE224
9001.3
181.65
3.2E−02
30.80
NUE209
8191.5
7.13
7.1E−02
55.31


Control

138.88


Control

4.59




NUE225
9732.8
117.00
2.2E−01
24.4
NUE209
8191.5
10.83
6.2E−01
162.42


Control

94.09


NUE209
8191.3
15.40
6.3E−03



NUE227
9853.1
197.68
9.4E−02
55.51
Control

9.54




Control

127.11


NUE210
8202.1
10.95
1.0E−02
138.69


NUE229
8862.2
75.00
1.2E−02
26.32
NUE210
8201.3
8.98
5.5E−02
95.64


NUE229
8862.5
74.03
1.3E−01
24.67
Control

4.59




NUE229
8864.2
84.93
3.9E−02
43.03
NUE210
8202.1
4.28
2.4E−02
41.91


Control

59.38


NUE210
8751.4
4.33
1.1E−01
43.57


NUE230
9154.2
171.38
4.4E−01
23.40
NUE210
6755.3
3.85
2.4E−01
27.80


NUE230
9151.2
203.78
3.1E−02
46.73
NUE210
8201.2
3.93
2.1E−01
30.29


Control

138.88


Control

3.01




NUE231
10633.3
199.70
1.6E−07
112.2
NUE211
8265.1
7.38
8.8E−02
60.76


Control

94.09


Control

4.59




NUE233
10174.3
139.08
9.0E−02
44.46
NUE212
8335.2
9.53
7.3E−02
107.63


NUE233
10174.1
190.05
5.5E−04
97.40
Control

4.59




NUE233
10173.7
143.98
3.5E−03
49.55
NUE212
8334.1
4.20
7.4E−02
39.42


Control

96.28


NUE212
8331.4
5.08
5.7E−02
68.46


NUE235
9694.2
171.15
1.0E−01
23.24
Control

3.01




NUE235
9691.1
172.20
7.8E−02
24.00
NUE221
9802.8
7.50
2.5E−03
56.3


NUE235
9693.3
194.48
5.4E−02
40.04
NUE221
9806.1
9.08
3.5E−06
89.1


Control

138.88


Control

4.80




NUE237
9651.1
293.05
3.8E−02
111.02
NUE222
8851.3
11.60
4.2E−02
152.86


NUE237
9652.3
167.10
1.1E−01
20.32
Control

4.59




NUE237
9654.4
195.80
1.4E−01
40.99
NUE224
9002.2
10.13
5.4E−02
83.67


Control

138.88


NUE224
9001.3
7.03
1.1E−01
27.44


NUE237
9651.1
191.70
1.8E−02
26.32
Control

5.51




Control

151.76


NUE227
9851.2
5.88
1.4E−01
24.34


NUE239
9192.1
245.53
3.6E−02
56.82
NUE227
9853.1
8.88
4.0E−02
87.83


Control

156.56


Control

4.73




NUE240
9172.1
212.68
7.3E−02
35.84
NUE228
10092
7.90
2.0E−01
45.29


NUE240
9174.3
255.50
2.6E−01

NUE228
10093
7.98
8.6E−02
46.67


Control

156.56


NUE228
10093
6.68
5.3E−03
22.76


NUE241
9631.3
166.03
6.6E−02
30.61
Control

5.44




NUE241
9632.5
185.58
1.4E−02
45.99
NUE229
8862.2
3.90
4.1E−02
30.54


NUE241
9632.4
219.43
8.4E−03
72.62
NUE229
8862.5
3.80
2.7E−01
27.20


Control

127.11


NUE229
8864.2
4.45
2.9E−02
48.95


NUE242
9212.1
140.78
3.9E−02
59.41
Control

2.99




NUE242
9214.1
129.18
1.5E−01
46.27
NUE230
9154.2
7.38
1.0E−01
33.79


NUE242
9213.2
101.43
3.7E−01
14.85
NUE230
9151.2
7.48
5.8E−02
35.60


NUE242
9213.4
146.30
3.0E−02
65.66
Control

5.51




Control

88.31


NUE231
10632.2
5.53
4.1E−01
15.1


NUE244
9061.1
164.20
8.9E−04
45.23
NUE231
10633.3
11.43
2.0E−11
138.0


NUE244
9061.5
143.40
4.8E−01
26.83
Control

4.80




Control

113.06


NUE233
10174
6.13
1.2E−02
58.58


NUE246
9033.6
273.05
8.9E−03
43.57
NUE233
10174
8.63
2.1E−04
123.30


NUE246
9033.4
241.48
4.8E−01
26.97
NUE233
10174
5.10
8.2E−02
32.04


NUE246
9034.1
224.08
2.5E−01
17.82
Control

3.86




NUE246
9031.1
232.65
3.3E−01
22.33
NUE234
9163.5
4.28
8.7E−02
43.10


Control

190.19


NUE234
9162.1
4.60
1.3E−01
53.97


NUE246
9034.1
160.45
1.8E−02
41.91
Control

2.99




Control

113.06


NUE235
9694.2
7.35
2.2E−01
33.33


NUE246
9033.4
185.78
4.3E−01
16.45
NUE235
9691.1
7.90
1.4E−01
43.31


NUE246
9033.8
205.95
1.8E−01
29.09
NUE235
9693.3
6.98
6.2E−02
26.53


NUE246
9034.1
228.95
2.4E−03
43.51
Control

5.51




Control

159.54


NUE237
9651.1
10.20
2.9E−02
85.03


NUE248
8982.4
275.80
2.2E−02
45.01
NUE237
9652.3
6.68
6.3E−02
21.09


NUE248
8981.5
343.28
1.1E−02
80.49
NUE237
9654.4
8.25
1.1E−02
49.66


NUE248
8984.1
294.45
1.5E−01
54.82
Control

5.51




NUE248
8981.2
245.25
1.1E−01
28.95
NUE237
9651.1
6.98
4.0E−02
26.53


Control

190.19


Control

5.51




NUE248
8982.4
118.75
1.6E−01
37.56
NUE239
9191.2
8.80
7.6E−02
19.32


NUE248
8984.1
124.38
2.5E−02
44.08
Control

7.38




NUE248
8981.5
140.05
4.8E−02
62.24
NUE241
9631.3
6.43
8.5E−02
35.98


NUE248
8983.1
114.05
3.2E−01
32.12
NUE241
9632.5
8.33
2.8E−04
76.19


Control

86.33


NUE241
9632.3
6.55
1.6E−02
38.62


NUE249
9122.5
145.73
4.6E−02
68.82
NUE241
9632.4
8.03
1.0E−04
70.02


NUE249
9121.4
112.83
3.6E−01
30.71
Control

4.73




NUE249
9123.3
107.98
2.1E−01
25.08
NUE244
9061.1
5.65
6.3E−02
34.52


Control

86.33


NUE244
9061.5
5.88
6.7E−02
39.88


NUE250
9133.2
182.70
4.3E−02
31.56
Control

4.20




NUE250
9134.1
216.85
2.5E−02
56.15
NUE246
9033.6
8.98
2.9E−02
28.90


Control

138.88


NUE246
9033.4
8.28
3.1E−01
18.85


NUE251
10181.3
143.00
4.0E−02
48.53
Control

6.96




NUE251
10183.2
146.38
2.4E−02
52.04
NUE246
9034.1
5.60
7.3E−02
33.33


NUE251
10183.1
128.05
3.6E−01
33.00
Control

4.20




Control

96.28


NUE246
9033.4
6.28
1.7E−01
18.40


NUE254
8972.2
173.28
8.8E−02
100.72
NUE246
9033.8
8.63
5.2E−04
62.74


NUE254
8974.1
130.38
4.1E−02
51.03
NUE246
9034.1
8.35
2.5E−04
57.55


Control

86.33


Control

5.30




NUE256
10063.4
132.65
1.4E−02
37.78
NUE248
8982.4
9.88
2.2E−02
41.83


NUE256
10064.1
212.63
1.5E−04
120.85
NUE248
8981.5
11.78
1.3E−01
69.12


NUE256
10061.2
151.98
1.2E−01
57.86
NUE248
8984.1
10.25
1.4E−01
47.22


NUE256
10062.4
152.75
1.5E−01
58.66
NUE248
8981.2
7.55
6.5E−01
8.44


NUE256
10063.2
162.50
2.1E−01
68.79
Control

6.96




Control

96.28


NUE248
8984.1
7.15
1.2E−01
43.00


NUE267
8962.1
185.23
1.6E−02
63.83
NUE248
8981.5
8.65
1.9E−02
73.00


Control

113.06


Control

5.00




NUE268
8994.5
228.80
8.7E−02
64.46
NUE250
9134.3
8.48
1.3E−02
49.67


NUE268
8992.1
204.08
2.2E−01
46.69
Control

5.66




NUE268
8996.5
146.34
7.6E−02
5.19
NUE250
9132.1
11.18
1.5E−01
102.72


Control

139.13


NUE250
9133.2
7.88
2.6E−02
42.86


NUE269
9101.1
95.83
1.4E−02
79.28
NUE250
9132.2
8.55
3.2E−02
55.10


NUE269
9102.2
89.05
7.7E−05
66.60
NUE250
9134.1
8.88
4.5E−02
61.00


NUE269
9102.3
117.90
6.5E−02
120.58
Control

5.51




NUE269
9103.1
83.60
7.0E−02
56.41
NUE250
9134.1
3.53
1.8E−01
17.99


NUE269
9103.3
82.45
1.6E−02
54.26
NUE250
9131.2
4.38
7.2E−02
46.44


Control

53.45


Control

2.99




NUE512
9284.2
94.55
9.0E−02
20.60
NUE251
10181
5.98
4.9E−02
54.69


NUE512
9284.3
92.98
4.2E−01
18.59
NUE251
10183
6.63
3.6E−03
71.52


NUE512
9283.1
91.30
8.6E−02
16.45
Control

3.86




NUE512
9282.3
92.85
5.7E−02
18.43
NUE254
8972.2
6.43
2.1E−02
52.98


NUE512
9281.3
105.50
2.1E−01
34.57
Control

4.20




Control

78.40


NUE254
8972.2
9.28
3.3E−02
85.50


NUE514
9404.1
158.73
3.8E−02
79.73
Control

5.00




Control

88.31


NUE256
10063
6.10
1.7E−03
57.93


NUE515
9712.5
104.98
5.6E−01
11.6
NUE256
10064
9.55
2.9E−07
147.25


NUE515
9713.6
185.55
4.0E−06
97.2
NUE256
10061
6.30
5.2E−02
63.11


Control

94.09


NUE256
10062
7.65
1.1E−01
98.06


NUE516
9291.1
230.00
8.3E−02
65.62
NUE256
10063
6.33
4.9E−03
63.75


NUE516
9291.4
227.13
5.7E−02
63.55
Control

3.86




Control

138.88


NUE267
8962.1
6.43
5.0E−03
52.98


NUE520
9771.4
137.73
5.8E−02
43.05
Control

4.20




NUE520
9771.7
160.25
3.5E−03
66.45
NUE268
8994.5
7.18
8.4E−02
59.44


NUE520
9771.2
158.98
1.3E−02
65.13
NUE268
8996.3
6.85
1.9E−02
52.22


NUE520
9771.3
148.40
6.5E−02
54.14
NUE268
8996.5
7.00
2.8E−03
55.56


Control

96.28


Control

4.50




NUE521
9361.2
167.53
7.3E−05
89.70
NUE512
9284.2
4.20
1.6E−02
46.72


NUE521
9363.4
180.95
7.6E−03
104.90
NUE512
9284.3
3.58
1.7E−01
24.89


Control

88.31


NUE512
9283.1
4.35
1.8E−02
51.97


NUE523
9412.1
271.35
1.0E−01
42.67
NUE512
9282.3
4.18
2.6E−02
45.85


Control

190.19


NUE512
9281.3
4.93
1.9E−02
72.05


NUE523
9413.3
184.25
7.3E−02
28.51
Control

2.86




NUE523
9413.4
180.55
2.2E−01
25.93
NUE512
9284.2
6.00
2.3E−03
53.35


Control

143.37


Control

3.91




NUE527
9202.6
152.18
6.1E−01
9.38
NUE514
9404.1
7.90
6.3E−02
61.64


NUE527
9203.2
249.95
7.5E−02
79.66
Control

4.89




NUE527
9201.2
273.53
4.2E−04
96.60
NUE515
9713.6
8.38
1.0E−04
74.5


Control

139.13


Control

4.80




NUE527
9204.2
101.70
1.3E−02
90.27
NUE519
9371.1
12.15
1.4E−01
64.75


NUE527
9202.6
82.40
3.4E−02
54.16
NUE519
9371.2
14.15
3.5E−01
91.86


NUE527
9201.1
120.30
3.6E−03
125.07
NUE519
9373.1
9.20
2.4E−01
24.75


NUE527
9203.2
84.63
2.6E−03
58.33
Control

7.38




NUE527
9204.1
68.55
1.2E−01
28.25
NUE520
9771.4
5.73
1.5E−01
48.22


Control

53.45


NUE520
9771.7
6.60
5.4E−02
70.87


NUE532
9222.4
210.65
3.5E−01
51.41
NUE520
9771.2
8.05
7.6E−03
108.41


NUE532
9222.1
168.45
8.4E−02
21.08
NUE520
9771.3
5.73
2.9E−02
48.22


NUE532
9223.5
210.15
7.6E−02
51.05
Control

3.86




Control

139.13


NUE523
9412.1
9.03
6.0E−02
29.62


NUE535
9081.1
117.15
3.0E−01
21.68
Control

6.96




NUE535
9083.1
235.35
7.7E−02
144.46
NUE527
9201.2
8.78
7.7E−02
95.00


NUE535
9084.4
128.88
5.4E−02
33.86
Control

4.50




NUE535
9082.1
114.83
3.1E−01
19.27
NUE531
10083
7.05
1.2E−01
29.66


Control

96.28


NUE531
10082
8.90
7.5E−02
63.68


NUE535
9082.2
85.55
5.9E−03
60.06
NUE531
10081
8.60
2.4E−01
58.16


NUE535
9086.2
120.63
1.3E−02
125.68
NUE531
10082
9.43
1.6E−02
73.33


NUE535
9086.3
86.67
1.2E−01
62.15
Control

5.44




NUE535
9081.1
90.65
4.3E−03
69.60
NUE531
10081
8.48
4.2E−02
32.13


NUE535
9084.4
69.83
2.2E−02
30.64
NUE531
10082
8.95
1.2E−01
39.53


Control

53.45


Control

6.41




NUE537
9393.3
207.43
6.7E−02
30.28
NUE532
9222.4
8.28
1.4E−01
83.89


Control

159.21


NUE532
9222.1
6.53
8.4E−02
45.00


NUE538
9782.1
203.68
4.0E−02
60.23
NUE532
9223.3
6.08
7.5E−02
35.00


Control

127.11


NUE532
9223.5
6.70
1.8E−01
48.89


NUE539
10101.5
146.60
3.7E−03
52.27
Control

4.50




NUE539
10103.5
126.33
7.8E−02
31.21
NUE535
9083.1
10.90
5.6E−02
182.20


NUE539
10101.2
190.80
5.0E−03
98.18
Control

3.86




NUE539
10101.7
173.78
2.0E−04
80.50
NUE537
9391.1
6.48
9.9E−02
65.50


Control

96.28


NUE537
9393.3
5.53
2.9E−01
41.21


NUE542
9332.1
196.48
3.3E−02
41.48
Control

3.91




Control

138.88


NUE538
9782.1
8.30
2.8E−05
75.66


NUE544
9763.3
169.78
8.8E−02
26.31
Control

4.73




Control

134.41


NUE539
10102
6.83
1.4E−03
76.70


NUE549
9343.6
200.95
9.7E−02
32.41
NUE539
10101
9.15
2.0E−02
136.89


NUE549
9343.7
205.95
2.8E−01
35.71
NUE539
10102
7.80
1.6E−02
101.94


Control

151.76


Control

3.86




NUE550
9144.4
128.13
5.6E−03
139.71
NUE543
10052
5.90
7.1E−02
24.87


NUE550
9141.3
116.60
5.0E−07
118.15
Control

4.73




NUE550
9143.1
124.23
1.9E−02
132.41
NUE544
9764.2
8.25
1.1E−01
53.49


NUE550
9143.4
98.70
5.2E−02
84.66
NUE544
9763.3
8.25
2.7E−02
53.49


Control

53.45


Control

5.38




NUE550
9143.1
197.68
2.6E−01
42.08
NUE548
9095.2
7.50
7.6E−02
32.45


NUE550
9143.4
174.85
1.4E−01
25.68
NUE548
9095.4
8.18
1.7E−01
44.37


NUE550
9142.2
240.83
7.2E−05
73.10
NUE548
9091.1
7.68
2.1E−01
35.54


Control

139.13


Control

5.66




NUE553
9181.5
76.85
1.9E−03
43.78
NUE548
9095.2
10.17
2.7E−02
71.23


NUE553
9185.2
74.85
2.4E−01
40.04
NUE548
9092.2
8.15
8.9E−02
37.26


NUE553
9184.3
61.65
5.6E−01
15.34
Control

5.94




NUE553
9182.2
72.28
1.3E−01
35.22
NUE549
9343.7
7.25
6.9E−02
31.52


Control

53.45


Control

5.51




NUE554
9111.4
135.30
6.7E−02
153.13
NUE550
9141.3
5.80
3.0E−01
28.89


Control

53.45


NUE550
9143.4
5.73
8.3E−03
27.22


NUE563
9453.2
270.58
1.2E−01
53.26
NUE550
9142.2
8.08
1.6E−02
79.44


NUE563
9452.3
207.35
4.2E−01
17.45
Control

4.50




NUE563
9451.2
273.50
4.7E−02
54.91
NUE554
9115.2
6.40
4.5E−02
42.22


Control

176.55


Control

4.50




NUE564
9242.3
113.35
4.7E−02
44.58
NUE560
9424.3
8.85
1.7E−03
65.64


NUE564
9242.4
90.95
8.5E−02
16.01
NUE560
9422.1
6.88
4.7E−02
28.68


NUE564
9244.1
94.08
1.3E−02
19.99
Control

5.34




Control

78.40


NUE562
9252.8
8.43
3.0E−02
57.69


NUE566
9512.4
257.28
1.4E−02
45.72
Control

5.34




Control

176.55


NUE567
9261.3
4.10
6.3E−02
43.23


NUE567
9263.2
130.00
7.3E−03
65.82
Control

2.86




NUE567
9261.3
93.50
8.4E−02
19.26
NUE568
9471.3
7.63
1.8E−02
38.32


NUE567
9261.4
112.75
2.2E−02
43.81
Control

5.51




NUE567
9263.3
84.55
5.9E−01
7.84
NUE569
9381.2
4.40
1.7E−02
53.71


Control

78.40


NUE569
9381.5
4.90
9.0E−02
71.18


NUE568
9471.3
230.43
4.1E−02
51.83
NUE569
9381.3
4.73
2.4E−03
65.07


NUE568
9461.2
186.87
2.5E−01
23.13
Control

2.86




NUE568
9474.4
187.77
2.0E−01
23.72
NUE570
9311.4
3.63
1.4E−01
26.64


NUE568
9472.2
195.70
3.0E−01
28.95
NUE570
9313.3
4.33
4.3E−02
51.09


NUE568
9462.3
172.65
5.1E−01
13.76
NUE570
9314.4
4.78
8.5E−03
66.81


Control

151.76


NUE570
9314.1
4.33
3.0E−02
51.09


NUE569
9384.4
90.90
2.1E−01
15.94
NUE570
9312.3
5.23
4.2E−04
82.53


NUE569
9381.2
124.28
7.9E−03
58.51
Control

2.86




NUE569
9381.5
130.40
4.3E−02
66.33
NUE571
9304.2
8.98
5.6E−02
67.98


NUE569
9381.3
99.18
1.7E−01
26.50
NUE571
9303.2
8.63
2.3E−03
61.43


NUE569
9384.2
99.08
9.4E−02
26.37
NUE571
9301.4
7.13
6.3E−02
33.36


Control

78.40


Control

5.34




NUE570
9313.3
110.70
1.2E−01
41.20
NUE571
9304.3
6.50
2.4E−04
127.07


NUE570
9314.4
119.08
1.2E−02
51.88
NUE571
9304.2
6.05
2.8E−02
111.35


NUE570
9314.1
109.93
8.7E−03
40.21
NUE571
9303.2
4.98
4.2E−03
73.80


NUE570
9312.3
149.30
8.0E−03
90.43
NUE571
9301.4
4.13
4.1E−02
44.10


Control

78.40


NUE571
9302.3
4.03
3.4E−02
40.61


NUE571
9304.2
212.53
1.1E−01
48.23
Control

2.86




NUE571
9303.2
240.93
3.8E−02
68.04
NUE572
9321.3
4.95
9.0E−02
72.93


NUE571
9302.1
177.58
4.0E−01
23.86
NUE572
9324.3
4.55
2.4E−02
58.95


NUE571
9301.4
209.80
1.0E−01
46.33
NUE572
9321.1
4.80
4.7E−03
67.69


NUE571
9302.3
199.13
2.6E−01
38.89
NUE572
9322.2
4.35
1.5E−02
51.97


Control

143.37


Control

2.86




NUE571
9304.3
124.43
1.2E−02
58.71
NUE573
9491.4
7.28
1.8E−03
31.97


NUE571
9304.2
123.90
4.5E−02
58.04
Control

5.51




NUE571
9303.2
106.00
1.7E−02
35.20
NUE576
9793.3
8.03
7.1E−04
69.84


Control

78.40


Control

4.73




NUE572
9322.1
124.90
3.5E−02
59.31
NUE581
9723.6
6.28
9.3E−02
30.7


NUE572
9324.3
115.85
2.7E−03
47.77
NUE581
9724.9
8.15
2.0E−04
69.8


NUE572
9321.1
101.00
3.1E−02
28.83
Control

4.80




NUE572
9322.2
98.05
1.1E−02
25.06
NUE582
9561.1
6.90
2.6E−01
25.17


Control

78.40


NUE582
9562.4
7.88
3.3E−02
42.86


NUE573
9491.1
226.63
4.7E−02
49.33
NUE582
9561.2
8.95
3.0E−02
62.36


Control

151.76


Control

5.51




NUE581
9723.6
125.85
9.7E−02
33.8
NUE583
9673.4
11.28
6.2E−02
75.78


NUE581
9724.5
99.23
7.8E−01
5.5
NUE583
9673.2
7.70
4.3E−01
20.04


NUE581
9724.9
165.35
2.0E−04
75.7
Control

6.41




Control

94.09


NUE585
9661.1
6.95
7.5E−02
31.13


NUE582
9564.2
189.45
1.4E−01
36.42
Control

5.30




NUE582
9561.1
186.30
1.5E−01
34.15
NUE587
9643.2
10.20
3.2E−02
85.03


NUE582
9562.4
209.48
7.3E−02
50.84
NUE587
9641.3
8.23
1.8E−01
49.21


NUE582
9561.2
244.25
9.8E−02
75.88
Control

5.51




Control

138.88


NUE592
9744.5
9.80
1.0E−07
104.2


NUE583
9673.4
222.13
4.7E−02
54.28
NUE592
9747.5
8.23
2.0E−04
71.4


Control

143.97


Control

4.80




NUE585
9661.5
198.18
6.9E−02
24.22







NUE585
9661.1
194.93
2.6E−01
22.18







Control

159.54









NUE587
9643.2
242.53
4.2E−02
53.46







NUE587
9643.1
221.50
1.9E−01
40.16







NUE587
9642.5
169.73
7.0E−01
7.40







NUE587
9642.2
192.08
4.1E−01
21.54







NUE587
9641.3
268.95
3.5E−04
70.18







Control

158.04









NUE592
9741.7
115.18
2.6E−01
22.4







NUE592
9744.5
197.68
2.6E−07
110.1







NUE592
9747.4
118.53
1.9E−01
26.0







NUE592
9747.5
169.38
1.0E−04
80.0







Control

94.09





Table 29: Analyses of plant biomass (plant fresh and dry weight) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions [normal or regular growth conditions (15 mM N)] as compared to control plants.


“Incr.” = increment;


“RGR” = relative growth rate.













TABLE 30







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant


biomass (leaf area) under standard nitrogen conditions










Gene
Event
Leaf Area cm2












Name
#
Average
p-value
% increment














CT11
4892.2
0.873
6.4E−03
72.49


CT11
4892.3
0.809
1.6E−03
59.89


CT11
4892.1
0.848
8.2E−02
67.56


Control

0.506




CT11
4894.2
0.474
8.2E−02
21.28


CT11
4893.2
0.763
2.7E−02
94.95


Control

0.391




CT27
5033.8
0.645
3.8E−02
81.02


CT27
5033.5
0.482
8.8E−02
35.52


Control

0.356




CT27
5033.7
0.495
6.9E−02
26.56


CT27
5035.2
0.751
1.2E−02
92.06


CT27
5031.4
0.582
1.3E−05
48.90


CT27
5033.6
0.602
1.6E−02
53.79


CT27
5033.4
0.575
1.3E−02
47.12


CT27
5033.8
0.528
6.0E−03
34.95


CT27
5033.5
0.446
5.8E−02
14.08


Control

0.391




CT6
4941.4
0.551
1.5E−04
40.90


Control

0.391




CT75
4872.5
0.506
1.0E−01
29.29


CT75
4874.4
0.529
3.1E−02
35.35


Control

0.391




CT76
5044.6
0.702
8.6E−03
38.82


CT76
5041.5
0.674
2.0E−01
33.22


CT76
5041.7
0.596
1.4E−01
17.83


CT76
5043.5
1.093
2.1E−05
116.09


CT76
5041.6
0.779
4.9E−02
53.91


CT76
5041.9
0.749
4.0E−03
48.14


Control

0.506




CT76
5044.6
0.663
1.6E−02
86.32


CT76
5041.5
0.904
2.4E−03
153.77


CT76
5043.5
0.850
1.8E−03
138.87


CT76
5041.6
0.528
2.3E−02
48.40


CT76
5041.9
0.696
6.3E−03
95.60


Control

0.356




CT81
4992.1
0.804
7.1E−02
58.98


CT81
4992.2
0.778
3.4E−03
53.73


Control

0.506




NUE206
6732.5
0.707
3.6E−02
21.77


Control

0.580




NUE208
8354.8
0.765
1.1E−02
31.82


NUE208
8354.5
0.727
1.3E−01
25.27


NUE208
8355.3
0.763
5.7E−02
31.55


Control

0.580




NUE209
8192.14
0.458
2.2E−01
43.17


NUE209
8191.5
0.430
7.0E−02
34.44


Control

0.320




NUE210
8201.3
0.485
1.1E−02
51.70


Control

0.320




NUE210
8202.1
0.414
1.3E−02
30.69


NUE210
6755.3
0.474
5.8E−02
49.68


Control

0.316




NUE210
8201.2
0.275
1.5E−02
35.08


Control

0.204




NUE211
8265.1
0.253
7.2E−02
24.01


NUE211
8263.5
0.370
4.7E−04
81.74


Control

0.204




NUE212
8335.1
0.332
6.3E−02
62.71


NUE212
8334.1
0.277
5.9E−03
36.04


NUE212
8331.4
0.268
1.1E−01
31.45


Control

0.204




NUE212
8335.2
0.490
1.2E−02
53.10


Control

0.320




NUE212
8332.1
0.390
7.7E−03
23.33


NUE212
8334.1
0.420
2.1E−03
32.80


NUE212
8331.4
0.430
2.3E−03
35.83


Control

0.316




NUE221
9801.10
0.47
5.6E−01
8.7


NUE221
9802.8
0.59
1.0E−02
38.4


NUE221
9806.1
0.72
1.0E−05
68.8


Control

0.43




NUE224
9002.2
0.525
1.3E−02
19.12


NUE224
9001.3
0.542
9.6E−02
22.97


Control

0.441




NUE227
9851.2
0.531
1.9E−01
22.50


NUE227
9853.1
0.628
2.1E−02
44.84


NUE227
9852.3
0.550
6.8E−02
26.84


Control

0.433




NUE228
10092.2
0.691
2.5E−01
22.23


NUE228
10093.3
0.759
3.6E−02
34.30


NUE228
10093.1
0.646
1.7E−01
14.35


Control

0.565




NUE229
8864.2
0.430
2.4E−02
21.48


Control

0.354




NUE230
9154.2
0.559
1.3E−01
26.94


NUE230
9151.2
0.519
8.3E−02
17.74


Control

0.441




NUE231
10631.3
0.46
5.9E−01
8.0


NUE231
10632.2
0.50
2.7E−01
16.3


NUE231
10633.3
0.74
3.9E−06
72.3


Control

0.43




NUE233
10174.3
0.512
7.7E−04
87.53


NUE233
10174.1
0.735
5.1E−06
169.13


NUE233
10173.7
0.398
2.9E−02
45.70


Control

0.273




NUE233
10174.1
0.820
1.2E−04
35.44


Control

0.606




NUE235
9694.2
0.516
1.0E−01
17.08


NUE235
9694.3
0.578
2.6E−02
31.06


Control

0.441




NUE237
9651.1
0.710
3.7E−03
61.05


NUE237
9654.4
0.566
1.9E−02
28.50


NUE237
9654.1
0.634
1.4E−01
43.87


Control

0.441




NUE241
9631.3
0.670
6.8E−04
54.67


NUE241
9632.5
0.626
1.2E−01
44.49


NUE241
9632.4
0.601
1.1E−03
38.64


Control

0.433




NUE242
9214.1
0.726
5.0E−02
18.36


Control

0.613




NUE242
9212.1
0.542
4.1E−02
42.31


NUE242
9213.4
0.518
1.3E−02
35.92


Control

0.381




NUE244
9061.5
0.473
4.8E−03
33.52


Control

0.354




NUE246
9033.8
0.740
3.2E−03
51.11


NUE246
9034.1
0.582
6.5E−02
18.92


NUE246
9031.1
0.572
6.9E−02
16.87


Control

0.490




NUE248
8981.5
0.803
7.2E−02
55.67


Control

0.516




NUE250
9132.1
0.744
8.5E−02
68.79


NUE250
9133.2
0.528
2.0E−02
19.79


NUE250
9132.2
0.517
1.8E−01
17.26


NUE250
9134.1
0.525
1.8E−01
19.17


Control

0.441




NUE250
9134.1
0.444
4.1E−03
25.38


Control

0.354




NUE251
10181.3
0.599
1.1E−02
119.32


NUE251
10183.2
0.467
2.4E−02
71.22


NUE251
10183.1
0.408
2.7E−02
49.61


NUE251
10181.1
0.397
7.3E−03
45.35


Control

0.273




NUE251
10181.3
0.600
6.2E−02
22.85


Control

0.488




NUE251
10183.2
0.713
2.9E−02
17.75


Control

0.606




NUE256
10063.4
0.479
4.6E−03
75.40


NUE256
10064.1
0.707
1.5E−04
159.05


NUE256
10061.2
0.601
9.0E−06
120.20


NUE256
10062.4
0.588
1.2E−03
115.54


NUE256
10063.2
0.507
3.2E−03
85.58


Control

0.273




NUE268
8996.5
0.730
6.1E−02
39.46


Control

0.523




NUE269
9103.3
0.448
8.1E−02
23.13


Control

0.364




NUE512
9284.2
0.531
4.8E−02
45.85


NUE512
9282.3
0.748
1.2E−04
105.28


NUE512
9284.4
0.442
5.3E−02
21.37


Control

0.364




NUE514
9404.1
0.796
1.2E−04
108.76


NUE514
9402.2
0.449
2.1E−01
17.88


NUE514
9403.2
0.452
2.3E−01
18.65


Control

0.381




NUE515
9712.6
0.49
3.5E−01
14.0


NUE515
9713.6
0.66
5.0E−04
53.4


Control

0.43




NUE516
9291.1
0.516
2.0E−01
16.98


NUE516
9291.4
0.639
6.0E−04
45.10


Control

0.441




NUE520
9771.4
0.465
1.6E−02
70.36


NUE520
9771.7
0.482
1.4E−02
76.62


NUE520
9771.2
0.415
2.7E−03
51.98


NUE520
9771.3
0.360
1.5E−02
32.02


Control

0.273




NUE521
9363.4
0.716
4.6E−03
75.12


Control

0.409




NUE521
9361.2
0.525
4.8E−02
37.71


NUE521
9363.4
0.582
2.5E−02
52.79


Control

0.381




NUE523
9412.1
0.752
2.0E−02
45.74


Control

0.516




NUE523
9412.5
0.526
5.2E−02
38.12


NUE523
9414.2
0.487
3.3E−02
27.79


Control

0.381




NUE531
10083.1
0.809
7.9E−03
43.12


NUE531
10082.2
0.705
3.0E−01
24.67


NUE531
10081.4
0.900
1.5E−02
59.14


NUE531
10081.5
0.866
3.8E−02
53.10


Control

0.565




NUE531
10081.4
0.789
7.0E−02
30.24


NUE531
10081.5
0.816
2.0E−02
34.70


Control

0.606




NUE535
9084.2
0.430
1.9E−02
57.65


NUE535
9083.1
0.822
4.7E−03
201.24


NUE535
9084.4
0.436
1.4E−03
59.81


NUE535
9082.1
0.381
1.6E−01
39.64


Control

0.273




NUE537
9391.1
0.526
8.2E−02
44.39


NUE537
9393.2
0.459
7.1E−02
26.03


NUE537
9394.4
0.471
3.3E−02
29.36


NUE537
9391.2
0.575
1.1E−02
57.79


NUE537
9393.3
0.733
5.0E−03
101.21


Control

0.364




NUE539
10101.5
0.510
3.6E−02
86.79


NUE539
10103.5
0.432
1.6E−02
58.38


NUE539
10101.2
0.638
3.5E−04
133.70


NUE539
10101.7
0.641
6.5E−03
134.76


Control

0.273




NUE542
9333.2
0.535
4.4E−04
46.83


NUE542
9331.3
0.455
7.7E−02
24.84


NUE542
9332.1
0.411
2.9E−01
12.88


Control

0.364




NUE543
10052.3
0.556
2.0E−01
28.45


NUE543
10051.6
0.530
2.6E−02
22.32


Control

0.433




NUE543
10051.2
0.759
7.7E−02
34.20


NUE543
10051.6
0.682
1.0E−01
20.71


Control

0.565




NUE544
9763.3
0.596
1.8E−03
36.70


Control

0.436




NUE548
9091.1
0.783
1.2E−02
27.78


Control

0.613




NUE550
9144.3
0.436
4.0E−02
19.74


Control

0.364




NUE550
9143.1
0.558
1.4E−02
35.96


Control

0.410




NUE550
9141.3
0.622
2.0E−01
18.74


NUE550
9142.2
0.664
5.7E−03
26.77


Control

0.523




NUE551
9351.1
0.566
7.6E−02
15.59


Control

0.490




NUE560
9424.3
0.537
8.5E−02
31.22


NUE560
9422.1
0.581
2.0E−04
41.90


Control

0.409




NUE564
9244.1
0.520
7.9E−02
22.64


Control

0.424




NUE564
9242.3
0.415
5.6E−02
13.97


NUE564
9243.2
0.469
7.6E−02
28.83


NUE564
9242.2
0.585
4.5E−04
60.72


Control

0.364




NUE567
9263.2
0.510
2.5E−02
40.15


NUE567
9261.3
0.415
3.4E−01
13.94


NUE567
9261.2
0.400
6.0E−01
9.89


NUE567
9263.3
0.453
3.9E−01
24.33


Control

0.364




NUE568
9471.3
0.613
4.5E−04
60.34


NUE568
9472.2
0.689
3.5E−03
80.16


Control

0.382




NUE569
9381.2
0.576
1.6E−02
35.83


NUE569
9381.3
0.507
1.7E−01
19.49


Control

0.424




NUE571
9304.2
0.752
4.6E−03
83.90


NUE571
9301.1
0.623
1.4E−01
52.23


NUE571
9303.2
0.545
6.6E−04
33.32


NUE571
9302.1
0.574
1.3E−04
40.39


NUE571
9302.3
0.524
9.1E−02
28.11


Control

0.409




NUE571
9301.4
0.492
6.1E−02
16.00


Control

0.424




NUE573
9491.1
0.511
1.5E−02
33.50


NUE573
9491.4
0.539
2.3E−01
40.86


Control

0.382




NUE576
9794.1
0.503
1.2E−01
16.10


NUE576
9793.3
0.641
9.9E−03
48.00


Control

0.433




NUE578
9524.3
0.551
3.2E−04
43.94


NUE578
9524.1
0.477
2.2E−01
24.73


Control

0.382




NUE579
9701.3
0.481
8.3E−02
18.67


Control

0.406




NUE580
9554.4
0.483
2.0E−02
26.39


Control

0.382




NUE581
9723.6
0.53
1.3E−01
22.7


NUE581
9724.9
0.74
2.9E−06
73.4


Control

0.43




NUE582
9562.4
0.567
2.6E−02
28.69


NUE582
9561.2
0.649
3.4E−02
47.37


Control

0.441




NUE583
9673.4
1.065
4.9E−03
75.90


NUE583
9673.2
0.773
8.5E−02
27.63


Control

0.606




NUE586
9751.6
0.551
3.4E−02
26.32


NUE586
9751.7
0.628
2.7E−02
44.06


NUE586
9752.4
0.479
8.0E−02
9.73


NUE586
9752.1
0.609
2.0E−02
39.56


Control

0.436




NUE587
9643.2
0.780
4.2E−03
92.27


NUE587
9641.3
0.503
1.9E−01
23.98


Control

0.406




NUE592
9744.5
0.89
1.0E−10
106.7


NUE592
9747.5
0.59
1.0E−02
38.7


Control

0.43





Table 30: Analyses of plant biomass (leaf area) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions [normal or regular growth conditions (15 mM N)] as compared to control plants. “Incr.” = increment; “RGR” = relative growth rate.






The genes presented in Table 31 hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE since they produced larger root biomass when grown under standard nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. Plants producing larger root biomass have better possibilities to absorb larger amount of nitrogen from soil.


Table 31 depicts analyses of root performance (root length and coverage) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions [normal or regular growth conditions (15 mM N)] in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 31







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments


of the invention exhibit improved root performance (root length and coverage)


under standard nitrogen conditions










Roots Length [cm]
Roots Coverage_[cm2]














Gene Name
Event #
Average
p-value
% incr.
Average
p-value
% incr.

















CT27
5033.6
3.341
1.8E−01
18.64
2.879
1.5E−01
31.17


CT27
5033.4
3.362
1.6E−02
19.36
2.461
5.3E−01
12.11


Control

2.817


2.195




CT75
4873.4
4.223
8.1E−02
13.74
3.136
8.5E−01
2.38


CT75
4873.3
5.290
9.1E−03
42.48
4.560
7.9E−02
48.88


Control

3.713


3.063




CT76
5043.5
4.908
7.0E−02
23.17
7.927
1.5E−02
101.19


CT76
5041.6
4.286
4.2E−01
7.57
5.216
3.7E−01
32.41


CT76
5041.9
4.051
7.2E−01
1.67
4.809
3.9E−02
22.05


Control

3.984


3.940




CT76
5041.5
4.273
5.4E−04
51.72
5.377
2.8E−03
144.94


CT76
5043.5
2.837
9.1E−01
0.73
3.200
5.7E−03
45.76


Control

2.817


2.195




NUE206
6731.2
3.619
6.8E−02
28.05
3.376
3.5E−02
60.66


NUE206
6732.7
3.311
6.7E−02
17.14
2.577
1.3E−01
22.63


NUE206
6732.5
3.516
3.1E−02
24.42
2.894
1.3E−01
37.69


NUE206
6732.1
3.347
2.0E−02
18.43
2.575
1.2E−01
22.53


Control

2.826


2.102




NUE206
6731.2
4.088
4.8E−02
36.80
5.469
3.2E−02
109.44


NUE206
6732.5
4.106
1.2E−03
37.41
5.064
5.2E−03
93.92


NUE206
6732.15
3.669
9.1E−02
22.78
4.031
2.4E−02
54.36


Control

2.988


2.611




NUE208
8351.3
3.930
2.9E−03
39.05
3.339
8.4E−03
58.86


NUE208
8354.4
3.385
1.8E−01
19.76
2.828
1.3E−02
34.57


Control

2.826


2.102




NUE208
8355.3
3.393
6.0E−01
8.41
3.528
8.5E−02
48.07


Control

3.130


2.382




NUE208
8355.3
3.600
6.6E−02
20.47
3.969
8.6E−02
51.99


Control

2.988


2.611




NUE212
8332.2
4.896
6.1E−02
14.16
5.444
2.0E−02
27.45


Control

4.289


4.272




NUE221
9802.8



3.72
4.9E−01
12.1


Control




3.32




NUE223
9613.1
4.376
9.8E−02
18.05
5.480
4.0E−02
36.61


NUE223
9612.3
4.426
8.7E−02
19.41
5.228
4.5E−02
30.32


Control

3.707


4.012




NUE230
9152.4
4.034
9.1E−03
17.77
3.441
1.1E−01
40.34


Control

3.425


2.452




NUE231
10631.3



4.45
5.3E−02
34.2


NUE231
10632.2
4.31
7.8E−03
14.7
4.64
2.3E−02
40.0


NUE231
10633.3
4.84
7.0E−04
28.9
6.30
1.2E−06
90.1


Control

3.76


3.32




NUE233
10174.3
3.326
1.2E−01
16.40
2.879
3.3E−02
45.78


NUE233
10174.1
4.581
3.9E−04
60.32
5.392
3.2E−04
173.01


NUE233
10173.5
4.414
4.8E−04
54.47
2.865
1.1E−02
45.06


NUE233
10172.5
3.581
3.5E−02
25.30
2.957
4.8E−03
49.73


NUE233
10173.7
3.100
4.5E−01
8.48
2.613
1.9E−01
32.30


Control

2.858


1.975




NUE233
10174.1
4.375
1.3E−02
30.08
3.884
1.6E−01
18.86


NUE233
10173.5
4.755
7.1E−04
41.36
4.746
2.3E−02
45.25


Control

3.363


3.268




NUE233
10174.1
4.357
5.8E−04
21.63
4.698
6.0E−03
39.12


Control

3.582


3.377




NUE237
9654.4
3.928
8.6E−01
−1.32
4.729
1.0E−02
21.38


NUE237
9654.1
4.951
4.0E−02
24.37
6.035
7.3E−02
54.90


Control

3.981


3.896




NUE237
9654.1
3.831
1.8E−01
11.85
4.235
2.3E−02
49.30


Control

3.425


2.837




NUE239
9191.2
4.379
2.1E−02
27.86
5.300
3.4E−02
86.84


Control

3.707


4.012




NUE241
9631.3
4.010
4.1E−01
5.60
3.785
1.4E−01
23.13


NUE241
9632.5
5.084
4.2E−04
33.88
6.207
2.3E−03
101.95


NUE241
9632.3
4.507
1.7E−01
18.69
4.237
2.3E−01
37.86


Control

3.797


3.074




NUE242
9213.4
4.696
5.9E−02
20.84
5.038
1.3E−01
28.12


Control

3.886


3.933




NUE246
9033.8
4.534
1.2E−01
14.09
5.522
6.1E−02
50.92


Control

3.974


3.659




NUE251
10181.3
3.824
2.7E−02
33.82
3.356
9.5E−03
69.93


NUE251
10183.2
3.635
3.7E−02
27.20
3.158
3.6E−02
59.92


NUE251
10183.1
3.726
6.2E−02
30.37
3.075
7.4E−02
55.70


Control

2.858


1.975




NUE251
10181.3
4.406
1.5E−03
30.98
4.945
2.9E−02
51.35


Control

3.363


3.268




NUE256
10063.4
4.545
1.0E−02
59.03
4.513
1.7E−02
128.53


NUE256
10064.1
3.444
8.2E−02
20.53
3.655
3.0E−04
85.07


NUE256
10061.2
3.398
6.3E−02
18.90
3.772
7.5E−05
91.01


NUE256
10063.2
3.464
2.0E−01
21.21
3.617
7.2E−02
83.13


Control

2.858


1.975




NUE256
10061.3
4.011
8.5E−02
11.96
3.500
7.6E−01
3.66


Control

3.582


3.377




NUE269
9104.1
4.116
9.0E−02
26.30
3.527
2.2E−01
28.77


Control

3.259


2.739




NUE512
9284.3
4.178
3.9E−01
14.99
3.222
6.3E−01
12.38


NUE512
9282.3
3.683
8.6E−01
1.36
4.173
1.7E−02
45.56


NUE512
9284.4
5.110
6.5E−04
40.66
3.987
3.4E−02
39.06


Control

3.633


2.867




NUE513
9681.6
4.639
2.5E−02
25.14
5.087
1.9E−01
26.81


Control

3.707


4.012




NUE513
9683.5
5.331
3.4E−02
20.24
4.960
9.1E−01
1.26


Control

4.433


4.898




NUE513
9683.5
5.216
1.6E−04
31.26
4.402
2.2E−01
20.31


Control

3.974


3.659




NUE514
9403.2
5.889
2.1E−04
54.38
6.448
1.4E−03
101.05


Control

3.815


3.207




NUE515
9712.6.



3.87
3.4E−01
16.6


NUE515
9713.6.



4.19
1.3E−01
26.3


Control




3.32




NUE520
9771.4
3.480
6.1E−02
21.77
3.356
7.8E−02
69.94


NUE520
9771.2
3.487
5.7E−02
22.01
4.241
1.3E−02
114.72


NUE520
9772.1
3.382
2.6E−01
18.35
3.936
4.7E−02
99.31


NUE520
9771.3
3.284
2.0E−01
14.93
3.728
4.4E−03
88.78


Control

2.858


1.975




NUE523
9414.2
5.238
9.7E−02
18.15
4.912
9.9E−01
0.28


Control

4.433


4.898




NUE523
9412.5
4.589
2.1E−02
24.78
3.820
5.5E−01
11.95


NUE523
9414.2
4.983
3.6E−02
35.48
4.310
1.6E−01
26.28


Control

3.678


3.413




NUE523
9412.5
3.997
5.3E−01
4.78
4.391
1.4E−02
36.91


NUE523
9414.2
4.386
7.8E−02
14.98
4.588
1.8E−02
43.04


Control

3.815


3.207




NUE531
10083.3
4.413
5.7E−02
33.45
3.781
2.2E−01
24.13


NUE531
10081.4
3.857
3.6E−02
16.65
4.484
3.8E−02
47.23


NUE531
10081.5
4.377
3.6E−02
32.38
4.698
9.9E−02
54.25


Control

3.306


3.046




NUE531
10083.2
3.852
7.3E−02
14.51
3.992
6.0E−02
22.18


Control

3.363


3.268




NUE531
10083.3
4.256
9.0E−02
18.79
4.023
2.8E−01
19.16


NUE531
10081.4
4.066
5.2E−02
13.49
4.864
3.7E−02
44.06


NUE531
10081.5
4.240
1.7E−02
18.37
4.905
8.1E−02
45.26


Control

3.582


3.377




NUE535
9084.2
3.244
2.5E−01
13.51
3.005
9.7E−02
52.16


NUE535
9083.1
3.300
2.3E−01
15.49
3.263
7.1E−02
65.20


Control

2.858


1.975




NUE537
9393.3
3.603
8.9E−01
−0.83
4.005
4.8E−02
39.70


Control

3.633


2.867




NUE538
9782.1
3.805
9.8E−01
0.22
3.850
7.9E−02
25.26


Control

3.797


3.074




NUE538
9784.4
3.674
7.5E−02
16.79
2.729
4.6E−01
12.64


NUE538
9783.4
4.332
6.1E−03
37.70
3.571
4.5E−02
47.38


Control

3.146


2.423




NUE539
10103.5
3.228
2.0E−01
12.96
2.727
1.5E−01
38.07


NUE539
10101.7
3.736
1.6E−02
30.72
3.446
8.3E−03
74.48


Control

2.858


1.975




NUE543
10052.3
4.801
3.8E−03
26.44
4.373
4.7E−02
42.28


Control

3.797


3.074




NUE543
10051.1
4.064
2.9E−02
22.91
4.493
6.0E−02
47.51


NUE543
10052.3
4.003
1.1E−01
21.06
3.953
2.1E−01
29.78


Control

3.306


3.046




NUE544
9764.1
3.603
9.6E−02
14.52
3.075
2.3E−02
26.92


NUE544
9763.3
3.953
1.8E−02
25.66
3.096
3.0E−02
27.77


Control

3.146


2.423




NUE550
9141.3
4.453
4.6E−01
8.58
5.445
5.9E−02
35.65


Control

4.101


4.014




NUE551
9354.3
4.584
9.0E−02
23.66
5.375
1.3E−01
33.99


Control

3.707


4.012




NUE566
9512.2
5.004
3.0E−02
18.17
5.741
2.3E−01
27.49


NUE566
9512.1
4.859
1.5E−01
14.75
5.807
3.0E−01
28.96


Control

4.234


4.503




NUE568
9471.3
3.796
2.4E−01
10.82
3.883
8.9E−02
36.89


NUE568
9472.2
4.025
1.8E−01
17.50
4.944
9.7E−03
74.30


NUE568
9462.3
4.519
4.8E−02
31.93
4.354
5.0E−02
53.47


Control

3.425


2.837




NUE570
9311.4
4.279
3.0E−01
17.77
4.349
5.4E−02
51.70


NUE570
9314.4
3.692
8.1E−01
1.63
4.044
2.8E−02
41.05


Control

3.633


2.867




NUE571
9304.2
3.841
7.5E−01
4.43
4.423
3.7E−01
29.60


NUE571
9301.1
4.444
6.6E−02
20.84
5.020
1.1E−01
47.11


Control

3.678


3.413




NUE573
9491.1
3.948
7.6E−02
15.26
3.887
4.8E−02
37.01


Control

3.425


2.837




NUE574
10363.4
4.080
5.6E−02
13.90
4.326
2.0E−01
28.12


NUE574
10366.1
4.893
3.3E−02
36.58
5.262
4.3E−02
55.84


Control

3.582


3.377




NUE576
9792.4
4.284
1.5E−01
12.82
4.322
2.3E−02
40.63


Control

3.797


3.074




NUE579
9701.3
3.965
9.9E−02
26.03
3.899
4.7E−02
60.90


NUE579
9703.3
3.542
1.0E−01
12.60
2.797
4.7E−01
15.43


Control

3.146


2.423




NUE580
9553.2
4.418
4.7E−03
28.99
3.784
7.3E−02
33.40


NUE580
9551.4
4.239
5.1E−02
23.75
4.282
1.5E−01
50.96


NUE580
9554.4
4.158
8.9E−02
21.41
3.902
7.1E−02
37.54


Control

3.425


2.837




NUE582
9562.4
4.115
5.1E−01
3.38
4.951
7.6E−02
27.06


Control

3.981


3.896




NUE583
9673.4
4.319
2.2E−03
20.56
5.635
4.1E−03
66.89


NUE583
9673.2
3.739
5.9E−01
4.36
4.595
1.5E−01
36.10


Control

3.582


3.377




NUE586
9752.1
6.394
2.6E−05
49.10
7.681
6.9E−05
79.81


Control

4.289


4.272




NUE586
9751.1
3.847
9.6E−02
22.28
3.171
2.3E−01
30.87


NUE586
9751.7
4.956
9.5E−03
57.53
4.510
8.1E−02
86.12


NUE586
9752.2
4.538
2.3E−04
44.25
3.478
1.6E−03
43.54


NUE586
9751.3
4.047
2.8E−01
28.62
3.090
3.3E−01
27.54


NUE586
9752.1
4.629
3.9E−02
47.13
4.232
1.4E−01
74.66


Control

3.146


2.423




NUE587
9643.2
3.473
3.4E−01
10.38
3.653
4.2E−02
50.77


Control

3.146


2.423




NUE593
10394.2
4.033
4.5E−02
21.96
3.941
3.7E−02
29.39


NUE593
10393.2
3.719
6.3E−02
12.48
3.544
1.8E−01
16.38


Control

3.306


3.046





Table 31: Analyses of root performance (root length and coverage) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions [normal or regular growth conditions (15 mM N)] as compared to control plants.


“Incr.” = increment;


“RGR” = relative growth rate.






The genes presented in Table 32, hereinbelow, have improved plant growth rate when grown under standard nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. 10 Faster growth was observed when growth rate of leaf area and root length and coverage was measured.


Table 32 depicts analyses of leaf area, root length and root coverage growth rate when grown under standard nitrogen conditions [normal or regular growth conditions (15 mM N)] in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the 15 invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 32







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the


invention exhibit improved growth rate under standard nitrogen conditions











RGR Of Leaf Area
RGR Of Roots Coverage
RGR Of Roots Length

















Gene


p-
%


%

p-
%


Name
Event #
Ave.
value
incr.
Ave.
p-value
incr.
Ave.
value
incr.




















CT11
4892.2
0.093
2.4E−04
76.02
0.584
7.8E−02
28.88
0.428
1.0E−01
17.45


CT11
4892.3
0.082
1.3E−03
55.84
0.524
3.6E−01
15.68
0.397
4.0E−01
8.75


CT11
4892.1
0.085
6.5E−03
61.71
0.490
6.8E−01
8.24
0.385
6.7E−01
5.43


Control

0.053


0.453


0.365




CT11
4894.2
0.049
2.0E−02
30.32








CT11
4893.2
0.078
3.6E−05
107.01
0.550
3.4E−02
52.79
0.395
2.0E−01
21.56


Control

0.037


0.360


0.325




CT27
5033.6
0.040
1.6E−01
22.17
0.347
4.1E−02
40.85
0.325
1.9E−02
36.08


CT27
5033.4
0.047
3.2E−02
40.54
0.287
3.5E−01
16.49
0.296
5.9E−02
24.30


CT27
5033.8
0.063
5.9E−05
90.98
0.357
1.0E−01
44.71
0.251
7.5E−01
5.19


CT27
5033.5
0.049
3.7E−03
48.72



0.248
7.8E−01
3.85


Control

0.033


0.247


0.238




CT27
5033.7
0.049
1.8E−02
31.77








CT27
5035.2
0.079
8.4E−07
111.02
0.402
5.8E−01
11.56
0.343
7.1E−01
5.73


CT27
5031.4
0.053
1.5E−03
41.85








CT27
5033.6
0.058
4.6E−04
53.91
0.513
3.1E−02
42.39
0.357
5.4E−01
10.03


CT27
5033.4
0.060
2.2E−05
59.59
0.547
3.2E−02
51.81
0.416
9.9E−02
28.01


CT27
5033.8
0.055
3.8E−04
47.37








CT27
5033.5
0.047
4.0E−02
25.25








Control

0.037


0.360


0.325




CT6
4943.1
0.048
6.3E−02
27.13
0.378
8.1E−01
4.79





Control

0.037


0.360


0.325




CT75
4872.5
0.055
2.1E−03
47.90








CT75
4874.4
0.053
3.2E−03
42.55








CT75
4874.7
0.054
6.7E−03
44.21
0.368
9.2E−01
2.17





CT75
4873.3
0.052
1.3E−02
39.84
0.518
4.3E−02
43.91
0.415
1.1E−01
27.69


Control

0.037


0.360


0.325




CT76
5044.6
0.072
2.6E−02
36.36








CT76
5041.5
0.068

29.56
0.685
2.8E−02
51.34
0.403
4.7E−01
10.41


CT76
5041.7
0.058

9.50








CT76
5043.5
0.114
1.4E−07
115.19
0.961
9.5E−06
112.17
0.506
2.2E−03
38.75


CT76
5041.6
0.082
7.3E−03
55.95
0.626
9.8E−02
38.15
0.448
5.4E−02
22.83


CT76
5041.9
0.079
3.8E−03
49.27
0.571
9.6E−02
25.96
0.378
7.0E−01
3.74


Control

0.053


0.453


0.365




CT76
5044.6
0.064
2.7E−05
92.67
0.283
4.2E−01
14.80
0.292
1.2E−01
22.42


CT76
5041.5
0.094
9.7E−12
182.48
0.635
9.1E−08
157.51
0.384
2.8E−05
61.08


CT76
5041.7
0.042
3.4E−02
25.46








CT76
5043.5
0.091
1.1E−11
174.29
0.394
2.7E−03
59.72
0.300
4.2E−02
25.74


CT76
5041.6
0.052
7.3E−05
55.70
0.287
3.9E−01
16.43
0.271
3.6E−01
13.45


CT76
5041.9
0.066
4.5E−07
100.31
0.408
1.2E−03
65.59
0.317
9.7E−03
33.04


Control

0.033


0.247


0.238




NUE206
6731.2



0.396
1.6E−03
78.33
0.369
8.5E−03
44.35


NUE206
6732.1



0.297
1.5E−01
33.53
0.333
4.9E−02
30.52


Control

0.036


0.222


0.256




NUE206
6731.2
0.063
6.3E−01
7.32
0.650
3.1E−05
125.39
0.435
4.9E−05
65.80


NUE206
6732.5
0.074
9.5E−02
26.57
0.579
4.4E−06
100.85
0.389
8.9E−05
48.32


NUE206
6732.2
0.059
9.2E−01
1.58
0.464
1.9E−03
60.76
0.365
4.6E−03
39.21


Control

0.058


0.288


0.262




NUE208
8351.3
0.033


0.389
1.4E−03
74.92
0.397
1.9E−04
55.33


Control

0.036


0.222


0.256




NUE208
8354.8
0.041

24.69
0.422
3.7E−02
51.73
0.393
8.2E−02
35.05


NUE208
8355.3
0.037

13.69
0.418
3.5E−02
50.07
0.331
4.7E−01
13.65


Control

0.033


0.278


0.291




NUE208
8354.8
0.076
9.1E−02
30.54








NUE208
8354.5
0.073
1.8E−01
24.95
0.305
7.4E−01
5.73
0.276
6.4E−01
5.23


NUE208
8355.3
0.079
5.8E−02
34.69
0.460
7.5E−03
59.54
0.362
3.1E−03
37.83


NUE208
8351.5
0.059
9.0E−01
1.94
0.312
6.2E−01
8.27
0.315
9.1E−02
19.92


Control

0.058


0.288


0.262




NUE209
8192.1
0.045
1.4E−01
36.98
0.450
1.9E−02
61.65
0.368
1.4E−01
26.60


NUE209
8191.5
0.044
7.8E−02
34.71
0.295
7.7E−01
6.00





Control

0.033


0.278


0.291




NUE209
8191.2
0.041
4.5E−02
31.45
0.330
4.3E−01
12.88
0.335
4.4E−01
12.06


NUE209
8192.1
0.035
3.6E−01
14.35








NUE209
8192.1
0.044
2.3E−02
40.98








NUE209
8191.5
0.040
5.9E−02
30.43








NUE209
8192.1
0.034
5.7E−01
9.26








Control

0.031


0.292


0.299




NUE209
8192.1



0.345

19.74
0.365
1.4E−03
39.07


NUE209
8192.1



0.487
9.6E−03
68.94
0.377
2.5E−02
43.59


NUE209
8191.3
0.083
4.7E−02
41.92








Control

0.058


0.288


0.262




NUE210
8202.1
0.049
3.9E−02
48.76








NUE210
8201.3
0.049
9.7E−03
50.64








Control

0.033


0.278


0.291




NUE210
8202.1
0.042
3.6E−02
34.98
0.403
4.8E−02
37.90
0.345
3.7E−01
15.40


NUE210
6755.3
0.048
4.6E−03
55.18
0.423
1.9E−02
44.72
0.441
1.1E−02
47.78


Control

0.031


0.292


0.299




NUE211
8263.5
0.038
7.6E−05
89.32
0.191
8.9E−02
58.43
0.215
5.7E−02
53.44


Control

0.020


0.121


0.140




NUE212
8335.1
0.036
2.7E−03
82.84
0.216
5.8E−02
79.29
0.235
4.4E−02
68.20


NUE212
8334.1
0.029
6.2E−03
46.65
0.131
7.9E−01
8.85
0.159
6.3E−01
13.62


NUE212
8331.4
0.026
9.1E−02
31.28



0.153
7.1E−01
9.70


Control

0.020


0.121


0.140




NUE212
8335.2
0.049
1.5E−02
48.76
0.314
5.6E−01
12.68





Control

0.033


0.278


0.291




NUE212
8332.2
0.046
8.1E−01
3.53
0.656
4.5E−02
27.59
0.507
1.2E−01
19.17


Control

0.044


0.514


0.426




NUE212
8332.1
0.039
5.5E−02
26.08








NUE212
8334.1
0.044
5.7E−03
41.96
0.316
6.2E−01
8.13
0.361
2.1E−01
20.73


NUE212
8331.4
0.041
3.2E−02
31.53



0.307
8.8E−01
2.62


Control

0.031


0.292


0.299




NUE222
8851.3
0.046
6.7E−02
41.29
0.365
2.2E−01
31.13
0.291
1.0E+00
−0.102


Control

0.033


0.278


0.291




NUE223
9613.1



0.659
3.7E−02
36.07
0.449
9.4E−02
19.43


Control

0.068


0.484


0.376




NUE224
9002.2
0.052
5.5E−02
23.49








NUE224
9001.3
0.055
2.7E−02
30.04








Control

0.042


0.445


0.370




NUE224
9001.3
0.046
3.2E−02
28.75








Control

0.036


0.279


0.316




NUE227
9851.2
0.058
2.8E−02
35.17








NUE227
9853.1
0.064
3.6E−03
49.89








Control

0.043


0.349


0.360




NUE228
10093
0.078
2.9E−02
39.70
0.355

3.25
0.328

16.65


NUE228
10093
0.067
2.1E−01
20.98



0.301

7.24


Control

0.056


0.344


0.281




NUE229
8864.2
0.045
3.9E−02
26.44








Control

0.036


0.279


0.316




NUE230
9154.2
0.057
2.1E−02
35.25
0.461

3.61





NUE230
9151.2
0.055
1.7E−02
29.70








Control

0.042


0.445


0.370




NUE230
9152.4
0.047
1.7E−01
29.87
0.378
7.6E−02
35.74
0.328
7.2E−01
3.71


Control

0.036


0.279


0.316




NUE233
10174
0.051
4.1E−06
93.04
0.340
1.4E−02
54.67
0.311
1.7E−01
31.25


NUE233
10174
0.069
5.1E−11
160.30
0.624
8.1E−09
183.57
0.399
7.2E−03
68.42


NUE233
10174
0.030
3.6E−01
13.97
0.314
4.1E−02
42.81
0.344
5.6E−02
45.20


NUE233
10173
0.032
1.9E−01
19.26
0.342
9.3E−03
55.25
0.324
1.1E−01
36.68


NUE233
10174
0.039
1.1E−02
45.92
0.299
1.2E−01
35.80
0.262
6.4E−01
10.75


Control

0.026


0.220


0.237




NUE233
10174
0.053
7.8E−01
4.51
0.451
3.0E−01
17.53
0.381
5.1E−02
32.89


NUE233
10174



0.538
2.8E−02
40.15
0.407
1.2E−02
41.78


Control

0.051


0.384


0.287




NUE234
9163.5
0.044
9.7E−02
22.24








NUE234
9162.1
0.048
2.8E−02
32.38
0.381
7.4E−02
36.73
0.330
7.6E−01
4.39


Control

0.036


0.279


0.316




NUE235
9694.2
0.054
3.7E−02
27.26
0.475
6.0E−01
6.64





NUE235
9691.1
0.055
6.9E−02
31.10
0.454
8.9E−01
1.90
0.382
7.4E−01
3.28


NUE235
9693.3
0.054
5.5E−02
28.28








NUE235
9694.3
0.062
1.0E−03
46.88
0.583
1.9E−02
30.90
0.470
1.2E−02
27.17


Control

0.042


0.445


0.370




NUE237
9651.1
0.073
7.6E−06
74.28
0.508
2.1E−01
14.12





NUE237
9654.4
0.057
5.2E−03
36.61
0.553
2.5E−02
24.26
0.384
7.1E−01
3.83


NUE237
9654.1
0.065
8.0E−03
53.61
0.680
5.8E−03
52.84
0.445
9.4E−02
20.30


Control

0.042


0.445


0.370




NUE237
9651.1
0.047
4.6E−02
31.99
0.331
9.7E−01
0.99





NUE237
9654.1
0.056
6.7E−03
58.85
0.493
9.9E−02
50.53
0.363
5.2E−01
13.15


Control

0.036


0.327


0.321




NUE241
9631.3
0.066
4.8E−04
52.60
0.452
5.0E−02
29.57
0.395
3.6E−01
9.92


NUE241
9632.5
0.066
9.6E−03
52.36
0.733
8.9E−08
110.05
0.490
2.0E−03
36.33


NUE241
9632.3
0.060
4.8E−02
39.27
0.494
5.1E−02
41.65
0.377
7.3E−01
4.72


NUE241
9632.4
0.060
5.7E−03
38.59
0.428
1.8E−01
22.84





Control

0.043


0.349


0.360




NUE242
9214.1
0.074
7.4E−02
25.97
0.460
8.2E−01
4.07
0.380
3.8E−01
13.95


NUE242
9213.4
0.068
2.6E−01
16.65
0.588
8.2E−02
32.97
0.428
7.7E−02
28.57


Control

0.059


0.442


0.333




NUE242
9212.1
0.050
4.6E−02
43.13
0.374
8.2E−01
2.93





NUE242
9214.1
0.052
4.5E−02
47.68








NUE242
9213.4
0.050
3.3E−02
41.82
0.504
1.6E−02
38.74
0.409
1.8E−01
20.10


Control

0.035


0.363


0.341




NUE244
9061.5
0.049
2.2E−03
35.40
0.347
1.9E−01
24.39
0.324
8.4E−01
2.40


Control

0.036


0.279


0.316




NUE245
10642
0.080
7.9E−02
33.89
0.622
2.6E−02
60.99
0.397
2.9E−02
26.31


Control

0.060


0.387


0.315




NUE246
9033.8



0.462
7.1E−02
30.62
0.400
2.0E−01
18.15


Control

0.049


0.354


0.339




NUE246
9033.6
0.053
5.9E−01
8.27








NUE246
9033.4
0.053
5.4E−01
8.70
0.546
1.5E−01
30.07
0.410
2.1E−01
14.19


NUE246
9033.8
0.075
3.8E−03
52.67
0.658
9.3E−03
56.72
0.436
4.3E−02
21.22


NUE246
9034.1
0.060
1.3E−01
22.21








NUE246
9031.1
0.057
2.3E−01
16.59
0.505
2.9E−01
20.28
0.424
6.6E−02
17.89


Control

0.049


0.420


0.359




NUE248
8981.5
0.085
3.9E−03
63.02
0.638
5.3E−01
11.57





Control

0.052


0.572


0.423




NUE250
9132.1
0.078
1.3E−03
86.50
0.604
7.4E−02
35.67
0.386

4.46


NUE250
9132.2
0.054
4.2E−02
28.86








NUE250
9134.1
0.051
1.3E−01
21.34








Control

0.042


0.445


0.370




NUE250
9134.1
0.043
6.6E−02
19.98
0.329
3.0E−01
17.87





Control

0.036


0.279


0.316




NUE251
10181
0.059
5.5E−06
122.34
0.396
9.1E−04
80.08
0.349
5.2E−02
47.21


NUE251
10183
0.048
2.3E−04
80.31
0.369
5.8E−03
67.70
0.343
5.7E−02
44.89


NUE251
10183
0.042
2.5E−03
58.23
0.366
9.1E−03
66.32
0.377
1.9E−02
59.19


NUE251
10181
0.039
5.8E−03
48.78
0.249
5.2E−01
13.16
0.240
9.5E−01
1.48


Control

0.026


0.220


0.237




NUE251
10181
0.063
1.5E−01
23.79
0.582
8.9E−03
51.43
0.381
3.8E−02
32.80


Control

0.051


0.384


0.287




NUE251
10183
0.072
9.1E−02
19.27



0.324
6.6E−01
3.02


Control

0.060


0.387


0.315




NUE256
10063
0.050
7.6E−06
89.88
0.520
1.9E−05
136.35
0.410
6.7E−03
72.97


NUE256
10064
0.076
2.0E−11
188.66
0.442
5.9E−05
100.99
0.356
3.4E−02
50.21


NUE256
10061
0.056
5.0E−08
110.73
0.450
1.2E−05
104.36
0.330
8.2E−02
39.37


NUE256
10062
0.054
2.3E−06
103.99
0.327
7.9E−02
48.64
0.272
5.3E−01
14.99


NUE256
10063
0.051
9.1E−06
93.42
0.424
2.3E−03
92.64
0.335
1.0E−01
41.59


Control

0.026


0.220


0.237




NUE268
8996.5
0.072
7.2E−03
43.95



0.388
7.2E−01
3.95


Control

0.050


0.463


0.374




NUE512
9284.2
0.052
3.6E−03
48.09
0.369
3.4E−01
18.49
0.372
9.7E−02
22.41


NUE512
9282.3
0.073
4.5E−09
108.17
0.514
2.9E−03
64.80
0.403
2.2E−02
32.41


NUE512
9284.4
0.041
1.5E−01
18.26
0.450
2.2E−02
44.50
0.390
5.3E−02
28.25


Control

0.035


0.312


0.304




NUE513
9683.5






0.511
5.7E−02
20.91


Control

0.052


0.572


0.423




NUE513
9683.5



0.521

24.10
0.512
1.8E−05
42.60


Control

0.049


0.420


0.359




NUE514
9404.1
0.082
7.9E−07
133.82
0.426
2.2E−01
17.18
0.377
4.6E−01
10.68


NUE514
9402.2
0.044
1.7E−01
26.64
0.389
6.0E−01
7.20
0.356
7.5E−01
4.44


NUE514
9403.2
0.046
1.3E−01
31.04
0.776
1.9E−07
113.56
0.565
8.5E−05
65.81


Control

0.035


0.363


0.341




NUE516
9291.1
0.054
4.3E−02
28.22
0.577
4.3E−02
29.59
0.407
3.9E−01
10.04


NUE516
9291.4
0.064
8.4E−05
52.81
0.531
7.4E−02
19.37
0.392
5.9E−01
6.00


Control

0.042


0.445


0.370




NUE520
9771.4
0.049
5.8E−05
87.02
0.408
2.7E−03
85.53
0.370
1.7E−02
56.27


NUE520
9771.7
0.050
6.3E−05
88.34
0.404
5.1E−03
83.74
0.372
2.1E−02
57.16


NUE520
9771.2
0.042
8.9E−04
59.66
0.491
4.1E−05
122.92
0.330
1.1E−01
39.23


NUE520
9772.1



0.462
5.2E−04
109.90
0.301
2.6E−01
27.23


NUE520
9771.3
0.035
3.8E−02
32.37
0.454
1.3E−04
106.42
0.346
5.1E−02
46.13


NUE520
9773.1
0.023
4.8E−01
−14.07
0.369
7.7E−02
67.68
0.329
2.3E−01
38.86


Control

0.026


0.220


0.237




NUE520
9771.4



0.360
7.9E−01
4.93
0.352
6.6E−02
25.41


NUE520
9771.7



0.434
1.9E−01
26.37
0.377
2.5E−02
34.19


Control

0.056


0.344


0.281




NUE521
9362.2
0.051
4.7E−02
29.12
0.430
6.6E−01
9.02
0.375
6.4E−01
6.57


NUE521
9363.4
0.073
5.8E−05
84.97
0.407
8.4E−01
3.33
0.349
9.6E−01
−0.67


Control

0.040


0.394


0.351




NUE521
9361.2
0.051
3.9E−02
44.60
0.370
8.9E−01
1.86
0.349
8.6E−01
2.50


NUE521
9363.4
0.059
3.0E−03
69.25
0.313
3.7E−01






Control

0.035


0.363


0.341




NUE523
9412.1
0.070
2.7E−02
35.53








Control

0.052


0.572


0.423




NUE523
9413.3
0.059
3.1E−02
49.30
0.466
4.2E−01
18.10
0.406
3.4E−01
15.59


NUE523
9414.2
0.052
1.4E−01
30.19
0.516
8.7E−02
30.82
0.471
3.2E−02
34.02


Control

0.040


0.394


0.351




NUE523
9412.5
0.053
1.6E−02
51.59
0.522
3.6E−03
43.78
0.392
2.8E−01
15.04


NUE523
9414.2
0.046
8.0E−02
32.35
0.523
4.2E−03
43.92
0.394
2.6E−01
15.82


Control

0.035


0.363


0.341




NUE527
9202.6
0.046
1.5E−01
22.86
0.375
2.0E−01
25.97
0.374
2.8E−02
46.88


Control

0.038


0.297


0.254




NUE531
10083
0.078
2.7E−02
40.47



0.305
5.6E−01
8.47


NUE531
10081
0.090
3.8E−03
62.13
0.535
7.9E−03
55.85
0.359
5.6E−02
27.85


NUE531
10082
0.086
1.2E−02
55.40
0.554
1.3E−02
61.37
0.398
1.2E−02
41.80


Control

0.056


0.344


0.281




NUE531
10081
0.080
2.5E−02
32.77
0.578

49.54
0.386

22.62


NUE531
10082
0.078
2.4E−02
30.60
0.581
1.5E−02
50.29
0.410
7.9E−04
30.44


Control

0.060


0.387


0.315




NUE535
9084.2
0.043
1.2E−03
62.38
0.345
2.6E−02
56.73
0.277
4.6E−01
17.08


NUE535
9083.1
0.082
3.3E−09
211.11
0.388
5.6E−03
76.23
0.325
1.2E−01
37.19


NUE535
9084.4
0.042
4.8E−04
59.66
0.246
5.8E−01
11.82
0.306
2.2E−01
29.02


NUE535
9082.1
0.039
2.9E−02
46.36








Control

0.026


0.220


0.237




NUE537
9391.1
0.053
4.2E−03
51.98
0.444
6.2E−02
42.62
0.388
5.6E−02
27.48


NUE537
9394.4
0.046
3.2E−02
31.60








NUE537
9391.2
0.056
2.6E−04
60.43
0.385
2.0E−01
23.46
0.365
1.4E−01
19.94


NUE537
9393.3
0.073
8.5E−07
109.66
0.481
1.3E−02
54.18
0.366
1.3E−01
20.35


Control

0.035


0.312


0.304




NUE538
9782.1
0.071
1.0E−03
64.80
0.474
2.4E−02
36.00
0.424
1.3E−01
17.89


Control

0.043


0.349


0.360




NUE538
9781.4
0.048
3.3E−01
15.40
0.405
5.9E−02
41.28
0.398
2.8E−02
31.83


NUE538
9783.4
0.046
5.4E−01
9.73
0.414
9.5E−03
44.32
0.390
2.5E−02
29.10


Control

0.042


0.287


0.302




NUE539
10102
0.049
1.1E−03
83.56
0.307
1.3E−01
39.36
0.311
2.0E−01
31.26


NUE539
10104
0.045
3.9E−04
69.52
0.317
6.6E−02
43.97
0.299
2.4E−01
26.34


NUE539
10101
0.061
3.2E−08
129.48
0.266
3.2E−01
20.90
0.293
3.0E−01
23.62


NUE539
10102
0.061
1.1E−06
132.28
0.410
5.3E−04
86.11
0.375
1.5E−02
58.30


Control

0.026


0.220


0.237




NUE539
10102






0.366
8.7E−02
27.65


NUE539
10102






0.371
1.0E−01
29.42


Control

0.051


0.384


0.287




NUE542
9333.2
0.053
2.2E−04
50.87
0.445
3.5E−02
42.68
0.400
1.7E−02
31.61


NUE542
9331.3
0.045
6.9E−02
27.12
0.450
6.4E−02
44.47
0.397
8.1E−02
30.56


NUE542
9332.1
0.041
2.4E−01
16.04
0.414
8.3E−02
32.84
0.347
2.8E−01
14.05


Control

0.035


0.312


0.304




NUE543
10052
0.060
2.7E−02
39.61
0.505
8.0E−03
44.88
0.420
1.4E−01
16.75


NUE543
10052
0.058
1.6E−02
33.92
0.399
3.4E−01
14.30





Control

0.043


0.349


0.360




NUE543
10051
0.056
9.8E−01
0.47
0.509
2.1E−02
48.29
0.356
7.1E−02
26.63


NUE543
10051
0.077
4.3E−02
39.35
0.452
1.5E−01
31.70
0.385
3.3E−02
36.96


Control

0.056


0.344


0.281




NUE544
9763.3
0.060
2.7E−02
35.77
0.602
2.4E−01
17.04





Control

0.044


0.514


0.426




NUE544
9764.1
0.047
3.4E−01
11.45
0.367
7.3E−02
27.87
0.350
1.9E−01
15.92


NUE544
9763.3
0.046
4.0E−01
9.93
0.358
1.0E−01
24.63
0.378
4.9E−02
24.94


Control

0.042


0.287


0.302




NUE548
9091.3
0.058
9.7E−01
−0.55
0.489
5.6E−01
10.49
0.423
9.0E−02
26.90


NUE548
9091.1
0.076
3.2E−02
29.54
0.578
1.1E−01
30.72
0.419
1.0E−01
25.87


NUE548
9092.2
0.063
6.6E−01
6.64
0.686
2.4E−02
55.14
0.486
2.4E−02
45.86


Control

0.059


0.442


0.333




NUE549
9343.7
0.055
5.8E−03
53.63
0.362
7.2E−01
10.47





NUE549
9342.3
0.045
6.6E−02
26.67
0.330
9.7E−01
0.73
0.370
3.2E−01
15.10


Control

0.036


0.327


0.321




NUE550
9143.1
0.061
6.0E−02
36.03








Control

0.045


0.416


0.368




NUE550
9141.3
0.061
1.1E−01
21.68
0.651
1.3E−02
40.71
0.451
8.2E−02
20.82


NUE550
9142.2
0.066
1.5E−02
31.25








Control

0.050


0.463


0.374




NUE560
9424.3
0.052
1.6E−02
31.56



0.374

6.54


NUE560
9422.1
0.058
5.3E−04
46.65








Control

0.040





0.351




NUE562
9252.8
0.055
4.1E−02
38.43








Control

0.040










NUE564
9243.2
0.049
8.7E−03
38.96
0.477
2.0E−02
53.10
0.356
2.2E−01
17.03


NUE564
9242.2
0.060
7.6E−05
70.29
0.471
3.1E−02
51.25
0.452
8.2E−03
48.52


NUE564
9243.4
0.045
8.0E−02
27.01
0.356
4.3E−01
14.34
0.349
2.8E−01
14.73


Control

0.035


0.312


0.304




NUE567
9263.2
0.047
1.8E−02
34.46








Control

0.035










NUE568
9471.3
0.059
4.2E−05
65.16
0.458
8.3E−02
40.04
0.358
4.4E−01
11.62


NUE568
9461.3
0.062
1.5E−03
73.11
0.424
3.6E−01
29.62
0.347
6.9E−01
8.17


NUE568
9474.4
0.056
4.1E−03
57.42
0.353
7.6E−01
7.67
0.331
8.6E−01
3.00


NUE568
9472.2
0.071
3.5E−07
99.64
0.567
4.6E−03
73.13
0.364
4.0E−01
13.42


NUE568
9462.3
0.047
5.2E−02
32.21
0.478
5.4E−02
45.99
0.369
3.9E−01
14.82


Control

0.036


0.327


0.321




NUE569
9381.2
0.056
5.3E−03
36.52
0.391
9.1E−01
1.25





Control

0.041


0.386


0.353




NUE569
9381.1
0.053
8.1E−03
52.48
0.474
6.6E−02
52.21
0.342
4.9E−01
12.36


Control

0.035


0.312


0.304




NUE570
9314.1
0.049
1.8E−01
40.41
0.439
2.2E−01
40.98
0.420
7.2E−02
38.13


Control

0.041


0.386


0.353




NUE570
9311.4
0.047
3.3E−02
32.96
0.530
5.0E−03
70.17
0.456
7.3E−03
49.83


NUE570
9311.3
0.040
2.3E−01
15.28
0.426
7.1E−02
36.71
0.397
3.7E−02
30.73


NUE570
9314.4
0.035
9.4E−01
0.90
0.479
7.4E−03
53.70
0.368
1.1E−01
21.10


NUE570
9314.1



0.418
7.8E−02
34.04
0.374
1.0E−01
22.95


Control

0.035


0.312


0.304




NUE571
9304.2
0.078
3.4E−06
95.35
0.542
1.3E−01
37.40
0.420
2.1E−01
19.40


NUE571
9301.1
0.063
9.9E−03
59.31
0.576
2.9E−02
46.03
0.389
4.4E−01
10.81


NUE571
9303.2
0.053
1.1E−03
33.00








NUE571
9302.1
0.062
7.2E−06
56.48








NUE571
9302.3
0.054
2.1E−02
36.15








Control

0.040


0.394


0.351




NUE571
9304.3
0.055
6.8E−02
33.34








NUE571
9304.2
0.054
7.6E−02
32.37








NUE571
9303.2
0.050
1.0E−01
22.33








NUE571
9301.4
0.049
9.7E−02
19.07








Control

0.041










NUE572
9324.3
0.049
2.7E−02
24.30
0.410
8.0E−01
3.99
0.381
5.3E−01
8.40


Control

0.040


0.394


0.351




NUE573
9491.1
0.053
1.5E−03
49.67
0.457
7.9E−02
39.55
0.382
1.9E−01
19.03


NUE573
9491.4
0.050
8.7E−02
40.83
0.470
8.2E−02
43.44
0.400
1.9E−01
24.64


Control

0.036


0.327


0.321




NUE574
10366
0.063
8.1E−01
4.39
0.610
7.5E−03
57.68
0.473
6.5E−04
50.50


Control

0.060


0.387


0.315




NUE575
9502.1
0.052
7.9E−03
46.87
0.446
1.1E−01
36.36
0.343
6.5E−01
6.83


Control

0.036


0.327


0.321




NUE576
9792.4
0.050
2.2E−01
16.55
0.504
3.9E−03
44.47
0.390
4.7E−01
8.39


NUE576
9794.1
0.054
5.4E−02
26.15
0.357
8.7E−01
2.30
0.392
4.4E−01
9.02


NUE576
9793.3
0.065
1.8E−03
51.97
0.386
4.4E−01
10.78





Control

0.043


0.349


0.360




NUE578
9524.3
0.055
1.8E−04
54.47
0.374
5.1E−01
14.35
0.360
4.1E−01
12.25


NUE578
9524.1
0.050
2.5E−02
41.80








Control

0.036


0.327


0.321




NUE579
9701.3
0.051
8.7E−02
21.86
0.456
3.9E−03
58.84
0.377
8.8E−02
24.61


Control

0.042


0.287


0.302




NUE580
9551.4
0.040
4.3E−01
13.32
0.479
9.3E−02
46.41
0.361
4.2E−01
12.46


NUE580
9554.4
0.049
1.2E−02
36.68
0.462
7.3E−02
41.18
0.382
2.3E−01
18.93


Control

0.036


0.327


0.321




NUE582
9562.4
0.059
3.4E−03
40.45
0.591
8.2E−03
32.70
0.414
1.9E−01
12.08


NUE582
9561.2
0.061
4.1E−03
45.60








Control

0.042


0.445


0.370




NUE583
9671.1
0.057
1.3E−01
32.70
0.499
2.2E−02
43.12
0.401
4.5E−01
11.60


Control

0.043


0.349


0.360




NUE583
9673.4
0.106
1.1E−05
77.51
0.663
2.0E−04
71.43
0.416
4.2E−05
32.10


NUE583
9673.2
0.077
4.3E−02
28.35
0.533
5.6E−02
37.79
0.331
5.4E−01
5.30


Control

0.060


0.387


0.315




NUE586
9751.7
0.067
5.9E−03
49.93
0.548
6.5E−01
6.47





NUE586
9752.1
0.066
4.3E−03
47.72
0.855
4.1E−05
66.23
0.563
1.2E−02
32.27


Control

0.044


0.514


0.426




NUE586
9751.1
0.052
8.3E−02
24.79
0.379
9.5E−02
32.19
0.393
3.6E−02
30.10


NUE586
9751.7
0.067
7.5E−03
60.10
0.529
1.7E−03
84.40
0.452
1.5E−03
49.64


NUE586
9752.2



0.394
1.4E−02
37.21
0.390
2.6E−02
29.02


NUE586
9752.1
0.055
5.8E−02
32.53
0.472
1.9E−02
64.61
0.400
4.5E−02
32.28


Control

0.042


0.287


0.302




NUE587
9643.2
0.083
2.5E−06
97.54
0.439
3.8E−03
52.93
0.314
7.6E−01
4.01


Control

0.042


0.287


0.302




NUE593
10394
0.074
1.4E−01
33.10
0.465
9.0E−02
35.46
0.368
6.3E−02
31.07


Control

0.056


0.344


0.281





Table 32: Analyses of plant growth rate (leaf area, root coverage and root length) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions [normal or regular growth conditions (15 mM N)]as compared to control plants.


“Incr.” = increment;


“RGR” = relative growth rate;


“Ave.” = average.






Example 6
Assay 2: Nitrogen Use Efficiency: Yield and Plant Growth Rate at Limited and Optimal Nitrogen Concentration Under Greenhouse Conditions

This assay follows the seed yield production, biomass formation and rosette area growth of plants grown in the greenhouse at nitrogen deficient of nitrogen standard fertilization conditions. Seeds were sown in agar media supplemented with ½ MS medium and a selection agent (Kanamycin). The T2 transgenic seedlings were then transplanted to 1.7 trays filled with peat and perlite. The trays were irrigated with a solution containing constant nitrogen limiting conditions, which were achieved by irrigating the plants with a solution containing 1.5 mM inorganic nitrogen in the form of KNO3, supplemented with 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements, while normal nitrogen levels were achieved by applying a solution of 6 mM inorganic nitrogen also in the form of KNO3 with 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements. All plants were grown in the greenhouse until mature seeds. Seeds were harvested separately to the above ground tissue, extracted and weight. Plant biomass (the above ground tissue) was also collected and dried for 1 week at 30° C.


Each construct was validated at its T2 generation. Transgenic plants transformed with a construct conform by an empty vector carrying the 35S promoter and the selectable marker were used as controls.


The plants were analyzed for their overall size, growth rate, seed yield, 1,000-seed weight, dry matter and harvest index (HI—seed yield/dry matter). Transgenic plants performance was compared to control plants grown in parallel under the same conditions.


The experiment was planned in nested randomized plot distribution. For each gene of the invention three to five independent transformation events were analyzed from each construct.


Digital imaging—A laboratory image acquisition system, which consists of a digital reflex camera (Canon EOS 300D) attached with a 55 mm focal length lens (Canon EF-S series), mounted on a reproduction device (Kaiser RS), which includes 4 light units (4×150 Watts light bulb) was used for capturing images of plant samples.


The image capturing process was repeated every 2 days starting from day 1 after transplanting till day 15. Same camera, placed in a custom made iron mount, was used for capturing images of larger plants sawn in white tubs in an environmental controlled greenhouse. During the capture process, the trays were placed beneath the iron mount, while avoiding direct sun light and casting of shadows.


An image analysis system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.39 [Java based image processing program which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet at Hypertext Transfer Protocol://rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).


Leaf growth analysis—Using the digital analysis leaves data was calculated, including leaf number, rosette area, rosette diameter, leaf blade area, plot coverage, leaf petiole length.


Vegetative Growth Rate: Is the Rate of Growth of the Plant as Defined by Formulas VIII, IX, X and XI

Relative growth rate of leaf blade area=Regression coefficient of leaf area along time course.  Formula VIII:
Relative growth rate of rosette area=Regression coefficient of rosette area along time course.  Formula IX:
Relative growth rate of rosette diameter=Regression coefficient of rosette diameter along time course.  Formula X
Relative growth rate of plot coverage=Regression coefficient of plot coverage along time course.  Formula XI


Seeds average weight (Seed weight or 1000 seed weight)—At the end of the experiment all seeds were collected. The seeds were scattered on a glass tray and a picture was taken. Using the digital analysis, the number of seeds in each sample was calculated.


Plant dry weight and seed yield—On about day 80 from sowing, the plants were harvested and left to dry at 30° C. in a drying chamber. The biomass and seed weight of each plot were measured and divided by the number of plants in each plot.


Dry weight=total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 30° C. in a drying chamber;


Seed yield per plant=total seed weight per plant (grams).


The Harvest Index can be calculated using Formula III (as described above; Harvest Index=Average seed yield per plant/Average dry weight).


Statistical analyses—To identify genes conferring significantly improved nitrogen use efficiency and yield production, the results obtained from the transgenic plants were compared to those obtained from control plants. To identify outperforming genes and constructs, results from the independent transformation events tested were analyzed separately. Data was analyzed using Student's t-test and results were considered significant if the p value was less than 0.1. The JMP statistics software package was used (Version 5.2.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C., USA).


Experiment Results:


The genes presented in Tables 33, 34 and 35, hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE when grown at limiting nitrogen concentration levels. These genes produced higher seed yield, harvest index, seed weight (expressed as 1000-seed weight) and plant biomass [(as expressed as plant dry weight (DW)] when grown under limiting nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control.


Tables 33, 34 and 35 depict analyses of seed yield, harvest index, seed size (expressed as 1000-seed weight) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 33







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments


of the invention exhibit improved seed yield and weight (expressed as 1000-


seed weight) under nitrogen deficient growth conditions.












Gene
Event
Seed Yield
Gene
Event
Seeds Weight
















Name
#
Ave.
p-value
% incr.
Name
#
Ave.
p-value
% incr.



















NUE241
9631.6
0.169
1.3E−01
12.60
NUE241
9632.3
0.020
2.5E−01
2.46


NUE241
9631.4
0.150
9.7E−01
0.40
NUE241
9631.4
0.020
6.4E−01
1.96


Control

0.150


Control

0.020




NUE248
8982.3
0.144
3.6E−01
7.27
NUE248
8982.4
0.023
4.1E−03
14.08


Control

0.135


NUE248
8982.3
0.021
4.3E−01
4.59


NUE525
9534.1
0.161
6.7E−01
7.33
NUE248
8981.1
0.021
7.2E−01
7.54


NUE525
9531.3
0.169
5.6E−01
12.83
NUE248
8983.1
0.021
7.3E−01
5.14


NUE525
9533.4
0.162
7.0E−01
8.26
Control

0.020




NUE525
9531.1
0.166
1.0E−01
10.90
NUE255
9431.4
0.021
1.0E−01
4.57


Control

0.150


Control

0.020




NUE536
9234.1
0.157
6.1E−01
16.81
NUE525
9533.1
0.022
2.1E−01
10.94


Control

0.135


NUE525
9531.3
0.020
7.6E−01
2.55


NUE545
9482.4
0.184
1.7E−04
22.72
Control

0.020




Control

0.150


NUE536
9234.1
0.020
6.0E−01
3.02


NUE565
9443.4
0.204
1.8E−01
36.33
NUE536
9231.3
0.021
5.3E−01
4.99


Control

0.150


Control

0.020




NUE566
9514.3
0.163
1.6E−01
9.08
NUE545
9482.4
0.020
7.1E−01
1.36


NUE566
9514.1
0.172
7.0E−01
15.02
Control

0.020




Control

0.150


NUE549
9343.6
0.023
2.7E−01
14.91


NUE568
9471.3
0.160
1.8E−01
6.55
NUE549
9342.3
0.021
5.1E−01
3.66


Control

0.150


Control

0.020




NUE573
9493.4
0.172
3.8E−01
14.54
NUE560
9424.1
0.023
1.3E−04
18.35


NUE573
9491.2
0.181
3.3E−04
20.87
NUE560
9424.3
0.021
8.0E−02
4.76


NUE573
9492.2
0.155
8.9E−01
3.21
NUE560
9422.1
0.020
3.1E−01
3.38


Control

0.150


Control

0.020




NUE578
9524.1
0.147
9.3E−01
−1.70
NUE568
9461.2
0.024
1.3E−05
21.77


Control

0.150


Control

0.020




NUE580
9552.3
0.180
1.9E−01
19.99
NUE573
9491.2
0.023
1.1E−01
14.40


Control

0.150


NUE573
9492.2
0.021
3.6E−02
5.14


NUE585
9661.1
0.150
1.8E−01
11.29
Control

0.020




Control

0.135


NUE578
9524.1
0.022
8.2E−04
10.87







Control

0.020









NUE580
9551.3
0.025
7.2E−02
24.52







NUE580
9554.4
0.023
9.7E−02
14.78







Control

0.020









NUE585
9662.4
0.021
7.5E−02
6.26







NUE585
9661.1
0.022
5.2E−03
9.36







Control

0.020





Table 33: Analyses of seed yield and weight of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under nitrogen deficient conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants. “Incr.” = increment; “Ave.” = average.













TABLE 34







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved harvest


index under nitrogen deficient growth conditions.











Gene
Event
Harvest Index













Name
#
Average
p-value
% increment
















NUE525
9534.1
0.321
1.9E−01
6.99



NUE525
9533.1
0.319
7.0E−01
6.25



NUE525
9533.4
0.322
4.8E−01
7.18



NUE525
9531.1
0.356
3.5E−02
18.72



Control

0.300





NUE536
9234.1
0.344
6.9E−02
20.95



NUE536
9231.3
0.298
3.7E−01
4.68



Control

0.285





NUE545
9482.4
0.328
2.0E−01
9.31



Control

0.300





NUE549
9341.1
0.337
2.9E−02
12.21



NUE549
9342.3
0.322
6.8E−01
7.19



Control

0.300





NUE560
9424.3
0.316
9.5E−02
10.86



NUE560
9422.1
0.318
8.2E−02
11.60



Control

0.285





NUE565
9443.4
0.335
3.9E−01
11.59



Control

0.300





NUE566
9514.1
0.351
5.8E−01
17.05



Control

0.300





Table 34: Analyses of harvest index of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under nitrogen deficient conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.













TABLE 35







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved dry


weight under nitrogen deficient growth conditions











Gene
Event
Dry Weight













Name
#
Average
p-value
% increment
















NUE241
9631.6
0.569
5.2E−01
11.66



NUE241
9632.3
0.613
8.0E−02
20.25



Control

0.509





NUE248
8982.3
0.534
2.9E−01
13.35



Control

0.471





NUE525
9531.3
0.600
4.3E−01
17.79



Control

0.509





NUE545
9482.4
0.561
2.9E−01
10.18



Control

0.509





NUE549
9342.2
0.541
7.3E−01
6.13



Control

0.509





NUE565
9444.1
0.589
6.5E−01
15.71



NUE565
9443.4
0.609
3.4E−02
19.63



Control

0.509





NUE566
9514.3
0.637
5.2E−01
24.96



Control

0.509





NUE568
9471.3
0.515
8.9E−01
1.10



NUE568
9462.3
0.639
1.4E−02
25.52



Control

0.509





NUE573
9493.4
0.581
2.9E−01
14.15



NUE573
9491.2
0.613
3.4E−02
20.37



NUE573
9492.2
0.683
4.2E−02
33.99



Control

0.509





NUE580
9552.3
0.561

10.18



NUE580
9551.3
0.634
2.4E−01
24.42



NUE580
9554.4
0.526
7.0E−01
3.31



Control

0.509





NUE585
9661.1
0.519
4.6E−01
10.30



Control

0.471





Table 35: Analyses of dry weight of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under nitrogen deficient conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.






The genes presented in Tables 36 and 37, hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE since they produced higher seed yield, harvest index, seed weight (expressed as 1000-seed weight) and plant biomass [(as expressed as plant dry weight (DW)] when grown under standard nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants indicating the high ability of the plant to better metabolize the nitrogen present in the medium.


Tables 36 and 37 depict analyses of dry weight, seed yield, harvest index, seed size (expressed as 1000-seed weight) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 36







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of


some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant biomass


(dry weight) and seed yield under standard nitrogen conditions












Gene
Event
Dry Weight
Gene
Event
Seed Yield
















Name
#
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.
Name
#
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.



















NUE255
9431.4
1.394
5.6E−01
14.344
NUE234
9162.5
0.523
1.0E−01
16.207


NUE255
9432.1
1.499
5.9E−02
22.894
Control

0.450




NUE255
9433.1
1.409
1.0E−01
15.530
NUE241
9631.4
0.364
3.0E−01
−12.185


Control

1.219


Control

0.414




NUE525
9531.1
1.635
6.1E−03
34.085
NUE255
9431.4
0.436
7.4E−01
5.346


Control

1.219


NUE255
9432.1
0.483
3.5E−01
16.593


NUE545
9484.2
1.246
7.0E−01
2.204
NUE255
9433.1
0.444
1.0E−01
7.100


NUE545
9481.3
1.631
3.4E−04
33.726
Control

0.414




Control

1.219


NUE525
9534.1
0.486
2.6E−03
17.328


NUE549
9341.1
1.381
6.7E−02
13.275
NUE525
9531.1
0.504
4.0E−01
21.719


NUE549
9342.3
1.310
2.7E−01
7.432
Control

0.414




Control

1.219


NUE549
9341.1
0.447
6.4E−01
8.031


NUE563
9451.1
1.303
5.6E−01
6.868
Control

0.414




NUE563
9452.3
1.473
1.6E−02
20.788
NUE563
9451.1
0.419
8.6E−01
1.237


Control

1.219


NUE563
9452.3
0.454
6.5E−01
9.572


NUE565
9443.2
1.348
9.3E−02
10.507
Control

0.414




NUE565
9444.3
1.376
4.7E−01
12.814
NUE566
9512.4
0.458
1.8E−01
10.657


Control

1.219


Control

0.414




NUE566
9512.4
1.471
5.8E−03
20.605
NUE568
9464.2
0.429
8.6E−01
3.674


Control

1.219


NUE568
9462.3
0.423
7.7E−01
2.233


NUE568
9461.2
1.571
8.6E−04
28.806
Control

0.414




NUE568
9464.2
1.366
4.9E−01
11.994
NUE573
9491.4
0.455
5.1E−01
9.769


NUE568
9462.3
1.288
3.8E−01
5.638
NUE573
9492.1
0.486
4.5E−01
17.465


Control

1.219


NUE573
9493.4
0.449
7.5E−01
8.482


NUE573
9491.4
1.249
8.9E−01
2.460
Control

0.414




NUE573
9492.1
1.668
1.3E−01
36.802
NUE582
9561.2
0.452
4.7E−01
9.239


NUE573
9493.4
1.478
7.2E−02
21.213
Control

0.414




NUE573
9491.2
1.407
1.0E−01
15.377







Control

1.219





Table 36: Analyses of plant biomass (dry weight) and see yield of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants. “Incr.” = increment; “RGR” = relative growth rate; “Ave.” = average.













TABLE 37







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention


exhibit improved harvest index and seed weight under standard nitrogen conditions












Gene
Event
Harvest Index
Gene
Event
Seed Weight
















Name
#
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.
Name
#
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.



















NUE234
9162.5
0.368
3.7E−02
15.734
NUE241
9631.4
0.022
3.3E−02
6.274


Control

0.318


Control

0.021




NUE525
9534.1
0.477
4.5E−01
38.546
NUE255
9432.1
0.023
2.5E−02
11.793


Control

0.344


NUE255
9433.1
0.021
6.6E−02
4.087


NUE573
9491.4
0.366
3.7E−01
6.179
Control

0.021




Control

0.344


NUE525
9534.1
0.021
1.0E+00
0.008


NUE582
9561.2
0.466
2.2E−01
35.384
NUE525
9531.1
0.025
3.6E−01
22.277


Control

0.344


Control

0.021









NUE545
9481.3
0.024
3.0E−01
17.664







Control

0.021









NUE549
9341.1
0.022
5.8E−01
9.152







NUE549
9342.3
0.023
5.6E−01
11.416







Control

0.021









NUE563
9451.1
0.023
1.1E−01
10.668







NUE563
9452.3
0.022
3.5E−01
5.095







Control

0.021









NUE565
9443.2
0.024
2.0E−01
15.540







NUE565
9444.3
0.021
9.1E−01
1.159







Control

0.021









NUE566
9512.4
0.022
8.6E−02
5.164







Control

0.021









NUE568
9461.2
0.024
3.0E−01
19.048







NUE568
9464.2
0.022
6.1E−01
8.243







NUE568
9462.3
0.023
6.1E−04
10.961







Control

0.021









NUE573
9491.4
0.021
7.1E−01
1.229







NUE573
9492.1
0.021
1.8E−01
3.164







NUE573
9493.4
0.022
1.9E−01
8.883







NUE573
9491.2
0.023
4.0E−01
14.335







Control

0.021









NUE582
9561.2
0.024
1.6E−03
15.172







Control

0.021





Table 37: Analyses of harvest index and seed weight of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants. “Incr.” = increment; “RGR” = relative growth rate; “Ave.” = average.






Improvement of rosette area as well as rosette growth rate supports the fact that plants can produce larger plant biomass by better exploiting the nitrogen available in the soil. In addition a production of a larger number of leaves as well as a higher plot coverage when grown at low nitrogen conditions indicate a larger photosynthetic capacity of the plant when grown at different nitrogen growth conditions


The genes presented in Tables 38 and 39, hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE and produced larger plant biomass when grown under limiting nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. In addition a production of a larger number of leaves as well as a higher plot coverage when grown at low nitrogen conditions indicate a larger photosynthetic capacity of the plant when grown at low nitrogen growth conditions


Tables 38 and 39 depict analyses of rosette area and leaf number (rosette diameter, rosette area, leaf number, leaf blade area and plot coverage) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 38







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments


of the invention exhibit improved rosette growth performance (rosette diameter


and area and plot coverage) under nitrogen deficient conditions











Gene
Event
Rosette Diameter [cm]
Rosette Area [cm2]
Plot Coverage [%]

















Name
#
Ave.
p-value
% incr.
Ave.
p-value
% incr.
Ave.
p-value
% incr.




















NUE234
9163.4
2.26
1.6E−01
8.49
1.634
2.7E−01
7.24
13.07
2.7E−01
7.24


Control

2.08


1.523


12.19




NUE241
9632.3
1.72
4.1E−01
20.77
1.008
5.3E−01
42.18
8.06
5.3E−01
42.18


NUE241
9631.4
1.57
6.4E−02
10.20
0.886
1.7E−03
24.97
7.09
1.7E−03
24.97


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE249
9122.2
2.20
2.3E−01
5.86
1.696
2.6E−01
11.33
13.57
2.6E−01
11.33


Control

2.08


1.523


12.19




NUE525
9534.1
1.84
9.3E−02
29.75
1.255
6.6E−02
77.06
9.45
1.9E−01
66.71


NUE525
9531.2
1.83
2.1E−02
29.02
1.191
8.3E−02
68.09
8.98
2.2E−01
58.33


NUE525
9533.1
1.74
7.1E−02
22.38
1.060
1.4E−01
49.54
8.48
1.4E−01
49.54


NUE525
9531.3
1.58
4.3E−01
11.39
0.884
5.3E−01
24.70
7.07
5.3E−01
24.70


NUE525
9533.4
1.71
1.5E−03
20.13
1.048
1.5E−04
47.84
8.38
1.5E−04
47.84


NUE525
9531.1
1.62
8.0E−02
13.70
1.025
2.8E−02
44.64
8.20
2.8E−02
44.64


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE536
9234.1
2.29
2.1E−02
9.74
1.734
3.2E−01
13.79
13.87
3.2E−01
13.79


Control

2.08


1.523


12.19




NUE545
9484.2
1.97
1.5E−07
38.83
1.311
4.1E−08
84.91
10.49
4.1E−08
84.91


NUE545
9482.4
1.71
2.1E−01
19.99
0.999
2.1E−01
40.87
7.99
2.1E−01
40.87


NUE545
9481.3
1.79
4.6E−01
26.22
1.025
4.9E−01
44.66
8.20
4.9E−01
44.66


NUE545
9484.4
2.01
1.6E−07
41.45
1.265
2.1E−05
78.42
10.12
2.1E−05
78.42


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE549
9341.1
1.61

13.18
0.956
2.2E−01
34.91
7.65
2.2E−01
34.91


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE563
9454.1
1.61
1.6E−01
13.12
0.930
1.0E−01
31.25
7.44
1.0E−01
31.25


NUE563
9452.3
1.56
4.6E−01
10.02
0.828
5.7E−01
16.76
6.62
5.7E−01
16.76


NUE563
9453.4
1.72
1.7E−01
21.08
1.077
1.9E−01
51.96
8.62
1.9E−01
51.96


NUE563
9452.1
1.48
7.5E−02
4.31
0.720
8.4E−01
1.64
5.76
8.4E−01
1.64


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE565
9444.1
1.72
3.1E−01
20.73
0.889
2.7E−01
25.43
7.11
2.7E−01
25.43


NUE565
9442.4
1.63
8.5E−04
14.54
0.839
9.5E−02
18.42
6.72
9.5E−02
18.42


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE566
9514.3
1.75
2.1E−01
22.85
1.113
2.3E−01
56.97
8.27
1.2E−01
45.76


NUE566
9513.1
1.63
3.0E−01
14.74
0.915
2.3E−01
29.04
7.32
2.3E−01
29.04


NUE566
9512.4
1.58
5.0E−01
11.26
0.927
4.3E−01
30.79
7.42
4.3E−01
30.79


NUE566
9514.1
1.72
6.9E−02
21.08
1.061
2.3E−01
49.66
8.02
3.7E−01
41.52


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE568
9474.4
1.66
2.3E−01
16.75
0.937
2.9E−02
32.20
7.50
2.9E−02
32.20


NUE568
9461.2
1.79
2.1E−01
26.22
1.216
1.6E−01
71.50
9.72
1.6E−01
71.50


NUE568
9462.4
1.76
3.3E−01
23.46
1.072
2.7E−01
51.17
8.57
2.7E−01
51.17


NUE568
9462.3
1.69
5.8E−02
19.20
1.005
1.8E−01
41.72
8.04
1.8E−01
41.72


NUE568
9463.4
1.78
2.3E−01
25.46
1.018
3.6E−01
43.57
8.14
3.6E−01
43.57


NUE568
9473.3
1.52
3.4E−01
6.95
0.826
1.9E−01
16.55
6.61
1.9E−01
16.55


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE573
9491.4
1.72
2.1E−01
21.02
1.007
2.4E−01
42.03
8.05
2.4E−01
42.03


NUE573
9492.1
2.01
1.1E−05
41.63
1.404
4.1E−03
98.05
11.23
4.1E−03
98.05


NUE573
9493.4
1.77
4.9E−06
24.30
1.106
3.3E−04
56.00
8.31
1.5E−01
46.46


NUE573
9494.3
1.82
1.4E−06
27.69
1.177
6.2E−03
66.10
9.42
6.2E−03
66.10


NUE573
9491.2
1.79
1.2E−01
26.17
1.115
1.8E−01
57.32
8.92
1.8E−01
57.32


NUE573
9492.2
1.75
1.2E−01
22.83
1.016
1.5E−01
43.40
8.13
1.5E−01
43.40


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE575
9501.4
2.04
1.4E−02
43.55
1.338
8.7E−08
88.73
10.70
8.7E−08
88.73


NUE575
9504.1
1.93
1.8E−01
35.73
1.259
2.5E−01
77.60
10.07
2.5E−01
77.60


NUE575
9503.1
1.84
2.2E−01
29.22
1.282
2.0E−01
80.88
10.26
2.0E−01
80.88


NUE575
9502.1
1.73
2.7E−01
21.38
1.097
2.1E−01
54.82
8.78
2.1E−01
54.82


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE578
9524.3
1.92
6.1E−02
34.78
1.274
4.5E−02
79.68
10.19
4.5E−02
79.68


NUE578
9524.1
2.13
1.5E−01
49.88
1.602
1.4E−01
126.00
12.12
2.2E−01
####


NUE578
9523.3
1.97
1.9E−02
38.35
1.400
4.0E−02
97.45
11.20
4.0E−02
97.45


NUE578
9522.3
1.75
4.8E−04
22.83
1.095
6.4E−05
54.54
8.76
6.4E−05
54.54


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE580
9552.3
1.52
1.2E−01
6.68
0.783
3.5E−02
10.46
6.26
3.5E−02
10.46


NUE580
9551.3
1.71
1.7E−01
19.93
1.049
2.0E−01
48.02
8.39
2.0E−01
48.02


NUE580
9553.4
1.73
1.1E−05
21.63
1.058
5.1E−06
49.24
8.46
5.1E−06
49.24


NUE580
9551.4
1.85
6.7E−02
30.17
1.284
6.8E−02
81.21
10.28
6.8E−02
81.21


NUE580
9554.4
1.70
2.7E−01
19.55
1.084
2.8E−01
52.96
8.67
2.8E−01
52.96


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67




NUE582
9561.1
1.73
3.0E−01
21.81
1.026
3.3E−01
44.69
7.60
2.5E−01
34.04


NUE582
9562.1
1.60
3.4E−01
12.36
0.985
2.2E−01
38.99
7.88
2.2E−01
38.99


NUE582
9562.4
1.58
4.7E−01
11.39
0.920
4.7E−01
29.79
7.00
6.1E−01
23.36


NUE582
9563.3
1.76
2.1E−01
23.73
1.071
1.4E−01
51.05
8.57
1.4E−01
51.05


NUE582
9561.2
1.92
6.2E−02
34.91
1.328
9.8E−02
87.34
10.02
2.1E−01
76.63


Control

1.42


0.709


5.67





Table 38: Analyses of rosette diameter and area and plot coverage of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under nitrogen deficient conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants. “Incr.” = increment; “Ave.” = average.













TABLE 39







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved


rosette growth performance (leaf number and leaf blade)


under nitrogen deficient conditions










Leaf Number
Leaf Blade Area [cm2]














Gene
Event


%


%


Name
#
Ave.
p-value
incr.
Ave.
p-value
incr.

















NUE241
9632.3
8.0
6.4E−01
7.34
0.174
5.3E−01
30.98


NUE241
9631.4
8.3
1.6E−01
10.69
0.156
2.8E−02
17.43


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE249
9122.2
9.8
1.1E−01
4.20
0.266
4.7E−02
12.23


Control

9.4


0.237




NUE525
9534.1
8.8
5.9E−02
17.88
0.199
1.6E−01
49.90


NUE525
9531.2
8.9
3.6E−05
19.80
0.181
4.1E−02
36.68


NUE525
9533.1
7.8
1.9E−02
4.82
0.175
3.3E−01
31.80


NUE525
9531.3
7.6
8.6E−01
2.31
0.149
6.4E−01
12.26


NUE525
9533.4
8.3
8.0E−02
11.53
0.176
2.0E−02
32.40


NUE525
9531.1
8.4
3.0E−05
12.37
0.161
3.4E−03
21.39


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE536
9234.1
9.4
9.7E−01
0.19
0.266
3.0E−01
12.00


Control

9.4


0.237




NUE545
9484.2
8.7
4.6E−02
16.56
0.216
2.8E−03
62.69


NUE545
9482.4
8.0
4.7E−01
7.34
0.174
1.6E−01
31.20


NUE545
9481.3
7.8
7.2E−01
3.98
0.188
4.7E−01
41.85


NUE545
9484.4
8.3
1.6E−01
10.69
0.207
2.6E−07
56.09


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE549
9341.1
7.9
6.7E−01
5.66
0.160
8.3E−02
20.34


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE563
9454.1
8.3
1.6E−01
10.69
0.154
1.7E−01
16.19


NUE563
9452.3
7.4
9.8E−01
−0.21
0.150
6.1E−01
13.28


NUE563
9453.4
8.1
1.9E−01
9.01
0.181
2.2E−01
36.86


NUE563
9452.1



0.141
4.4E−01
6.33


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE565
9444.1
7.7
8.6E−02
3.14
0.162
2.2E−01
21.85


NUE565
9442.4
7.8
1.9E−02
4.82
0.148
1.4E−01
11.60


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE566
9514.3
7.8
4.5E−01
4.94
0.188
5.6E−02
41.70


NUE566
9513.1
7.8
1.8E−01
3.98
0.162
3.2E−01
22.40


NUE566
9512.4
8.1
5.4E−01
8.18
0.170
3.9E−01
28.31


NUE566
9514.1
8.0
4.2E−01
7.82
0.180
1.9E−01
35.77


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE568
9474.4
7.9
3.1E−01
5.66
0.175
4.2E−02
31.80


NUE568
9461.2
8.6
9.9E−03
15.72
0.195
9.6E−02
47.20


NUE568
9462.4
8.1
1.3E−01
8.18
0.193
3.2E−01
45.51


NUE568
9462.3
7.8
5.7E−01
3.98
0.176
5.3E−02
32.52


NUE568
9463.4
7.6
6.1E−01
2.31
0.185
3.7E−01
39.91


NUE568
9473.3
7.9
4.6E−01
6.50
0.148
1.8E−01
11.71


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE573
9491.4
7.9
6.7E−01
5.66
0.168
2.6E−01
27.07


NUE573
9492.1
9.1
6.1E−02
22.43
0.234
3.8E−02
76.54


NUE573
9493.4
8.0
3.1E−01
7.94
0.193
9.4E−07
45.94


NUE573
9494.3
8.1
3.6E−02
9.01
0.193
1.3E−05
45.95


NUE573
9491.2
8.7
2.0E−01
16.56
0.181
2.2E−01
36.33


NUE573
9492.2
7.6
6.7E−01
1.47
0.183
5.8E−02
38.25


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE575
9501.4
8.5
1.1E−01
14.05
0.216
1.9E−02
62.82


NUE575
9504.1
8.5
2.0E−01
14.05
0.214
2.2E−01
61.54


NUE575
9503.1
8.4
3.8E−01
13.21
0.207
2.1E−01
55.92


NUE575
9502.1
8.4
2.5E−01
13.21
0.182
2.6E−01
37.35


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE578
9524.3
8.4
2.3E−01
12.37
0.208
1.5E−07
57.07


NUE578
9524.1
9.1
1.3E−01
22.19
0.242
1.6E−01
82.58


NUE578
9523.3
8.8
3.1E−06
17.40
0.223
7.2E−02
68.19


NUE578
9522.3
8.4
2.3E−01
12.37
0.178
2.4E−04
34.51


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE580
9552.3
8.1
1.6E−03
8.18
0.135
6.4E−01
1.85


NUE580
9551.3
8.5
1.3E−05
14.05
0.175
2.4E−01
31.72


NUE580
9553.4
7.9
1.8E−01
6.50
0.185
1.4E−01
39.73


NUE580
9551.4
8.5
2.0E−01
14.05
0.202
2.0E−05
52.26


NUE580
9554.4
7.9
9.4E−02
5.66
0.183
3.4E−01
38.26


Control

7.5


0.133




NUE582
9561.1
8.3
2.8E−01
11.29
0.171
3.9E−01
28.94


NUE582
9562.1
8.1
1.9E−01
9.01
0.168
3.4E−01
26.84


NUE582
9562.4
7.7
5.3E−01
2.67
0.164
5.0E−01
24.06


NUE582
9563.3
8.4
1.0E−04
13.21
0.186
1.5E−01
40.09


NUE582
9561.2
8.7
7.5E−02
16.08
0.217
1.5E−01
63.53


Control

7.5


0.133





Table 39: Analyses of leaf number and leaf blade of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under nitrogen deficient conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants. “Incr.” = increment; “Ave.” = average.






The genes presented in Tables 40 and 41, hereinbelow, have improved plant growth rate when grown at limiting nitrogen fertilization levels. These genes improved the growth rate of the rosette and faster covered the soil when grown at limiting nitrogen growth conditions.


Tables 40 and 41 depict analyses of the growth rate of the rosette diameter, rosette area, leaf blade area, leaf number and plot coverage when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 40







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved


growth rate (RGR of leaf blade area and RGR of leaf


number) under nitrogen deficient conditions










RGR Of Leaf Blade Area
RGR Of Leaf Number














Gene
Event
Aver-
p-
% in-
Aver-
p-
% in-


Name
#
age
value
crement
age
value
crement

















NUE241
9633.4
0.016
8.8E−01
1.45
0.567
0.330
13.34


NUE241
9632.3
0.021
4.2E−02
30.38
0.548
0.538
9.72


NUE241
9631.4
0.019
6.1E−02
17.16
0.536
0.579
7.27


Control

0.016


0.500




NUE525
9534.1
0.023
6.7E−05
43.97
0.612
0.105
22.43


NUE525
9531.2
0.020
6.2E−03
25.68
0.661
0.016
32.14


NUE525
9533.1
0.020
2.0E−02
25.03
0.503
0.954
0.71


NUE525
9531.3
0.017
7.1E−01
3.98
0.508
0.918
1.54


NUE525
9533.4
0.020
1.4E−02
22.12
0.560
0.372
11.94


NUE525
9531.1
0.018
1.3E−01
13.01
0.557
0.392
11.36


Control

0.016


0.500




NUE545
9484.2
0.026
1.1E−07
60.54





NUE545
9482.4
0.021
6.0E−03
28.52





NUE545
9482.2
0.018

9.81





NUE545
9481.3
0.022
2.1E−02
39.32





NUE545
9484.4
0.025
1.3E−06
54.25





Control

0.016







NUE549
9341.1
0.018
1.6E−01
12.49





Control

0.016







NUE563
9454.1
0.018
1.4E−01
13.13
0.544
0.509
8.79


NUE563
9452.3
0.018
3.7E−01
9.76





NUE563
9453.4
0.021
2.7E−03
30.97
0.580
0.223
16.07


Control

0.016


0.500




NUE565
9444.1
0.020
3.2E−02
21.06





Control

0.016







NUE566
9514.3
0.022
3.5E−03
34.09
0.558
0.384
11.55


NUE566
9513.1
0.020
3.2E−02
22.23
0.551
0.432
10.19


NUE566
9512.4
0.021
1.2E−02
31.16
0.575
0.285
14.98


NUE566
9514.1
0.021
5.5E−03
29.97
0.515

3.05


Control

0.016


0.500




NUE568
9474.4
0.022
6.2E−04
34.41





NUE568
9461.2
0.024
1.2E−04
46.02
0.567
0.327
13.35


NUE568
9462.4
0.024
5.3E−04
48.85
0.527
0.687
5.52


NUE568
9462.3
0.022
1.2E−03
35.77





NUE568
9463.4
0.022
2.5E−03
38.12





Control

0.016


0.500




NUE573
9491.4
0.018
1.4E−01
14.16





NUE573
9492.1
0.029
7.4E−09
77.15
0.606
0.122
21.29


NUE573
9493.4
0.023
9.0E−05
42.33
0.539
0.549
7.79


NUE573
9494.3
0.023
1.3E−04
40.79
0.573
0.271
14.63


NUE573
9491.2
0.020
9.4E−03
26.53
0.565
0.383
13.00


NUE573
9492.2
0.022
4.2E−04
39.19





Control

0.016


0.500




NUE575
9501.4
0.026
2.8E−07
59.00
0.554
0.441
10.78


NUE575
9504.3
0.016
8.9E−01
−1.86
0.517
0.813
3.41


NUE575
9504.1
0.025
1.3E−04
55.64
0.560
0.398
12.06


NUE575
9503.1
0.024
1.4E−04
51.12
0.615
0.126
23.04


NUE575
9502.1
0.021
1.5E−02
28.36
0.513
0.852
2.58


Control

0.016


0.500




NUE578
9524.3
0.025
4.9E−06
56.63
0.575
0.268
14.98


NUE578
9524.1
0.029
3.0E−07
77.86
0.630
0.050
25.93


NUE578
9523.3
0.027
6.9E−08
65.64
0.561
0.372
12.29


NUE578
9522.3
0.021
1.6E−03
32.66
0.606
0.119
21.29


Control

0.016


0.500




NUE580
9551.3
0.021
6.5E−03
28.15
0.538
0.545
7.62


NUE580
9554.2



0.564
0.339
12.76


NUE580
9553.4
0.023
1.5E−04
40.79
0.526
0.686
5.28


NUE580
9551.4
0.024
1.3E−05
47.33
0.524
0.734
4.82


NUE580
9554.4
0.022
4.0E−03
37.25





Control

0.016


0.500




NUE582
9561.1
0.021
1.3E−02
29.36
0.585
0.225
16.94


NUE582
9562.1
0.020
1.8E−02
26.50
0.560
0.379
11.94


NUE582
9562.4
0.020
3.7E−02
26.29
0.556
0.464
11.24


NUE582
9563.3
0.023
1.7E−04
44.35
0.615
0.113
23.04


NUE582
9561.2
0.026
1.4E−06
61.66
0.605
0.124
21.11


Control

0.016


0.500





Table 40: Analyses of growth rate (RGR of leaf blade area and RGR of leaf number) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under nitrogen deficient conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.













TABLE 41







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments


of the invention exhibit improved growth rate (RGR of rosette area and diameter


and RGR of plot coverage) under nitrogen deficient conditions











Gene
Event
RGR Of Rosette Area
RGR Of Rosette Diameter
RGR Of Plot Coverage

















Name
#
Ave.
p-value
% incr.
Ave.
p-value
% incr.
Ave.
p-value
% incr.




















NUE241
9633.4
0.102
2.9E−01
13.04
0.130
6.4E−01
−3.23
0.82
2.9E−01
13.04


NUE241
9632.3
0.131
2.2E−02
44.18
0.163
5.3E−02
21.41
1.05
2.2E−02
44.18


NUE241
9631.4
0.114
2.6E−02
25.68
0.151
8.4E−02
12.12
0.91
2.6E−02
25.68


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE525
9534.1
0.160
3.4E−07
76.36
0.164
3.4E−03
21.78
1.20
2.3E−05
66.06


NUE525
9531.2
0.150
3.9E−06
65.52
0.161
7.7E−03
19.52
1.13
2.0E−04
55.87


NUE525
9533.1
0.135
3.4E−04
48.53
0.153
5.1E−02
13.37
1.08
3.4E−04
48.53


NUE525
9531.3
0.111
1.1E−01
22.62
0.135
9.8E−01
0.21
0.89
1.1E−01
22.62


NUE525
9533.4
0.130
3.6E−04
43.83
0.149
1.1E−01
11.07
1.04
3.6E−04
43.83


NUE525
9531.1
0.129
6.5E−04
42.14
0.140
5.5E−01
4.10
1.03
6.5E−04
42.14


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE545
9484.2
0.168
4.4E−08
85.85
0.184
4.2E−06
36.37
1.35
4.4E−08
85.85


NUE545
9482.4
0.127
3.1E−03
40.34
0.154
6.9E−02
14.35
1.02
3.1E−03
40.34


NUE545
9482.2
0.098

8.66
0.135
9.6E−01
0.34
0.79
4.4E−01
8.66


NUE545
9481.3
0.130
2.3E−02
43.77
0.173
3.3E−02
28.42
1.04
2.3E−02
43.77


NUE545
9484.4
0.163
2.7E−07
79.91
0.194
4.6E−07
43.83
1.30
2.7E−07
79.91


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE549
9341.1
0.118
1.4E−02
30.70
0.140
6.0E−01
3.79
0.95
1.4E−02
30.70


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE563
9454.1
0.119
9.5E−03
31.19
0.148
1.5E−01
9.88
0.95
9.5E−03
31.19


NUE563
9452.3
0.104
2.4E−01
15.20
0.140
6.0E−01
4.00
0.84
2.4E−01
15.20


NUE563
9453.4
0.137
2.1E−04
51.54
0.155
3.6E−02
15.50
1.10
2.1E−04
51.54


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE565
9444.1
0.111
6.2E−02
22.99
0.157
6.4E−02
16.45
0.89
6.2E−02
22.99


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE566
9514.3
0.143
3.0E−04
58.15
0.162
4.2E−02
20.44
1.07
6.9E−04
47.03


NUE566
9513.1
0.118
1.7E−02
30.34
0.155
4.8E−02
14.92
0.94
1.7E−02
30.34


NUE566
9512.4
0.121
2.4E−02
33.06
0.156
7.6E−02
15.84
0.96
2.4E−02
33.06


NUE566
9514.1
0.134
1.1E−03
48.17
0.160
1.1E−02
18.57
1.02
1.0E−02
40.14


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE568
9474.4
0.121
7.0E−03
33.08
0.160
1.2E−02
19.19
0.96
7.0E−03
33.08


NUE568
9461.2
0.157
7.6E−06
73.36
0.170
4.1E−03
26.24
1.26
7.6E−06
73.36


NUE568
9462.4
0.139
5.3E−04
53.79
0.172
5.8E−03
27.76
1.11
5.3E−04
53.79


NUE568
9462.3
0.131
1.4E−03
44.88
0.167
1.3E−03
23.84
1.05
1.4E−03
44.88


NUE568
9463.4
0.129
3.7E−03
42.01
0.159
2.5E−02
18.33
1.03
3.7E−03
42.01


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE573
9491.4
0.123
6.0E−03
35.42
0.149
1.7E−01
10.44
0.98
6.0E−03
35.42


NUE573
9492.1
0.182
5.7E−09
100.76
0.190
1.2E−06
41.04
1.46
5.7E−09
100.76


NUE573
9493.4
0.141
5.6E−05
55.36
0.166
2.1E−03
23.03
1.06
6.8E−04
45.86


NUE573
9494.3
0.151
5.3E−06
66.87
0.171
6.6E−04
26.79
1.21
5.3E−06
66.87


NUE573
9491.2
0.139
1.3E−04
53.69
0.164
1.1E−02
21.53
1.11
1.3E−04
53.69


NUE573
9492.2
0.130
1.5E−03
43.69
0.165
4.8E−03
22.63
1.04
1.5E−03
43.69


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE575
9501.4
0.172
9.2E−09
89.99
0.198
1.1E−07
47.36
1.38
9.2E−09
89.99


NUE575
9504.3
0.095
7.7E−01
4.69
0.135
1.0E+00
−0.04
0.76
7.7E−01
4.69


NUE575
9504.1
0.160
4.5E−05
76.22
0.178
3.5E−03
32.48
1.28
4.5E−05
76.22


NUE575
9503.1
0.165
4.1E−06
82.22
0.168
1.2E−02
24.58
1.32
4.1E−06
82.22


NUE575
9502.1
0.136
9.0E−04
50.03
0.151
1.3E−01
12.57
1.09
9.0E−04
50.03


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE578
9524.3
0.165
6.9E−07
81.99
0.185
2.5E−04
37.68
1.32
6.9E−07
81.99


NUE578
9524.1
0.206
3.9E−09
127.63
0.202
1.1E−06
49.79
1.56
4.4E−07
115.41


NUE578
9523.3
0.181
4.2E−09
99.40
0.179
1.9E−05
33.16
1.45
4.2E−09
99.40


NUE578
9522.3
0.141
6.5E−05
55.95
0.167
1.6E−03
24.01
1.13
6.5E−05
55.95


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE580
9551.3
0.135
3.5E−04
48.50
0.157
2.7E−02
16.48
1.08
3.5E−04
48.50


NUE580
9554.2
0.093
8.5E−01

0.130
7.1E−01

0.74
8.5E−01



NUE580
9553.4
0.137
1.5E−04
51.17
0.169
8.0E−04
25.59
1.10
1.5E−04
51.17


NUE580
9551.4
0.165
2.1E−07
82.42
0.170
1.3E−03
26.33
1.32
2.1E−07
82.42


NUE580
9554.4
0.138
1.0E−03
52.73
0.152
9.4E−02
12.99
1.11
1.0E−03
52.73


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72




NUE582
9561.1
0.133
2.5E−03
47.08
0.167
6.9E−03
24.32
0.99
7.7E−03
36.09


NUE582
9562.1
0.127
3.4E−03
40.44
0.152
7.7E−02
13.15
1.02
3.4E−03
40.44


NUE582
9562.4
0.120
2.8E−02
32.82
0.153
1.1E−01
13.90
0.91
1.0E−01
26.19


NUE582
9563.3
0.141
2.1E−04
55.33
0.178
4.6E−04
32.62
1.13
2.1E−04
55.33


NUE582
9561.2
0.172
9.3E−08
89.88
0.186
1.1E−05
37.84
1.30
4.6E−06
79.08


Control

0.091


0.135


0.72





Table 41: Analyses of growth rate (RGR of rosette area and diameter and RGR of plot coverage) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under nitrogen deficient conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM K2SO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.






The genes presented in Tables 42 and 43, hereinbelow, have improved plant 10 NUE and produced larger plant biomass when grown under standard nitrogen fertilization conditions, compared to control plants. In addition a production of a larger number of leaves as well as a higher plot coverage when grown at low nitrogen conditions indicate a larger photosynthetic capacity of the plant when grown at high nitrogen growth conditions. Table 42 and 43 depict analyses of rosette area and leaf 15 number (rosette diameter, rosette area, leaf number, leaf blade area and plot coverage) when grown under standard nitrogen fertilization conditions (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 42







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments


of the invention exhibit improved rosette growth performance (rosette diameter


and area and plot coverage) under standard nitrogen conditions











Gene
Event
Rosette Diameter [cm]
Rosette Area [cm2]
Plot Coverage [%]

















Name
#
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.




















NUE230
9154.2
2.16
1.1E−02
6.87
1.57
4.6E−03
17.45
12.56
4.6E−03
17.45


Control

2.02


1.34


10.69




NUE234
9163.4
2.40
2.7E−02
18.64
1.72
1.7E−02
28.84
13.78
1.7E−02
28.84


NUE234
9162.5
2.14
2.1E−02
5.87
1.52
1.6E−02
13.45
12.13
1.6E−02
13.45


Control

2.02


1.34


10.69




NUE248
8983.1
2.21
2.2E−03
9.45
1.58
3.5E−03
18.29
12.65
3.5E−03
18.29


Control

2.02


1.34


10.69




NUE249
9122.2
2.27
8.3E−02
12.44
1.62
1.8E−03
20.83
12.92
1.8E−03
20.83


Control

2.02


1.34


10.69




NUE268
8996.3
2.17
1.2E−02
7.34
1.64
2.2E−03
23.05
13.16
2.2E−03
23.05


Control

2.02


1.34


10.69




NUE525
9534.1
1.96
1.0E−01
12.33
1.37
4.5E−02
27.78
10.97
4.5E−02
27.78


NUE525
9531.2
2.17
8.8E−02
24.47
1.65
7.2E−02
53.32
13.17
7.2E−02
53.32


NUE525
9533.1
2.11
3.4E−01
21.09
1.57
3.5E−01
46.56
12.59
3.5E−01
46.56


NUE525
9531.3
2.00
2.9E−02
14.68
1.47
1.9E−02
37.33
11.79
1.9E−02
37.33


NUE525
9533.4
2.08
3.2E−01
19.24
1.47
3.6E−01
36.69
11.74
3.6E−01
36.69


Control

1.75


1.07


8.59




NUE536
9233.3
2.28
2.2E−01
12.83
1.71
1.7E−01
27.70
13.66
1.7E−01
27.70


NUE536
9234.1
2.43
6.8E−02
20.35
1.92
2.6E−02
43.88
15.39
2.6E−02
43.88


Control

2.02


1.34


10.69




NUE545
9484.2
2.37
1.2E−03
35.50
1.74
8.5E−03
62.13
13.92
8.5E−03
62.13


NUE545
9482.4
1.93
6.8E−01
10.29
1.37
5.9E−01
27.95
10.99
5.9E−01
27.95


NUE545
9481.3
2.09
8.6E−03
19.87
1.51
7.8E−03
40.62
12.08
7.8E−03
40.62


NUE545
9484.4
2.15
8.4E−02
22.97
1.55
1.7E−01
43.98
12.37
1.7E−01
43.98


Control

1.75


1.07


8.59




NUE549
9343.6
1.93
4.9E−01
10.73
1.22
6.2E−01
13.86
9.78
6.2E−01
13.86


NUE549
9341.1
1.94
5.1E−01
11.16
1.33
4.3E−01
23.54
10.61
4.3E−01
23.54


NUE549
9342.3
2.01
2.7E−02
15.03
1.38
4.3E−02
28.53
11.04
4.3E−02
28.53


Control

1.75


1.07


8.59




NUE560
9423.4
2.23
4.7E−01
10.17
1.66
4.2E−01
24.21
13.28
4.2E−01
24.21


Control

2.02


1.34


10.69




NUE568
9461.2
2.35
2.3E−03
34.72
2.01
1.3E−02
87.26
16.08
1.3E−02
87.26


NUE568
9461.3
2.05
9.9E−02
17.54
1.48
7.0E−02
38.17
11.87
7.0E−02
38.17


NUE568
9462.4
1.92
2.1E−01
9.87
1.25
3.4E−01
16.76
9.46
6.7E−01
10.14


NUE568
9463.4
2.01
7.4E−02
14.90
1.41
7.7E−02
31.41
11.29
7.7E−02
31.41


Control

1.75


1.07


8.59




NUE573
9491.4
2.10
9.7E−03
20.13
1.48
1.4E−02
37.74
11.83
1.4E−02
37.74


NUE573
9492.1
2.01
1.0E−01
15.05
1.36
7.2E−02
26.45
8.02
8.5E−01
−6.67


NUE573
9493.4
1.99
1.3E−01
14.08
1.38
7.7E−02
28.86
10.42
3.7E−01
21.28


NUE573
9491.2
2.18
1.1E−01
25.09
1.59
1.3E−01
48.09
12.72
1.3E−01
48.09


NUE573
9494.3
1.98
7.0E−02
13.52
1.45
1.0E−01
34.78
11.57
1.0E−01
34.78


NUE573
9492.2
1.94
4.4E−01
11.14
1.46
5.2E−01
35.94
9.79
5.7E−01
14.02


Control

1.75


1.07


8.59




NUE575
9501.4
1.96
2.8E−01
12.36
1.31
2.7E−01
22.00
10.48
2.7E−01
22.00


NUE575
9504.1
2.13
4.8E−02
21.96
1.58
7.9E−02
47.31
12.65
7.9E−02
47.31


NUE575
9503.1
1.95
9.7E−02
11.94
1.24
3.4E−01
15.70
9.94
3.4E−01
15.70


NUE575
9502.1
1.99
4.1E−01
14.24
1.44
3.8E−01
34.12
10.35
6.9E−01
20.49


Control

1.75


1.07


8.59




NUE578
9524.1
2.15
3.4E−03
23.14
1.64
1.9E−03
52.74
13.12
1.9E−03
52.74


NUE578
9524.3
2.08
6.0E−01
18.89
1.58
5.2E−01
47.61
12.68
5.2E−01
47.61


NUE578
9523.3
2.37
8.6E−02
35.89
1.79
2.9E−02
66.79
13.36
1.4E−03
55.59


NUE578
9522.3
2.07
1.3E−01
18.61
1.63
1.2E−01
51.78
13.03
1.2E−01
51.78


Control

1.75


1.07


8.59




NUE580
9552.3
1.92
1.1E−01
10.01
1.24
2.4E−01
15.83
9.95
2.4E−01
15.83


NUE580
9551.3
1.98
4.3E−02
13.26
1.47
1.4E−02
37.05
11.77
1.4E−02
37.05


NUE580
9554.4
2.03
3.7E−01
16.34
1.52
2.0E−01
41.78
12.18
2.0E−01
41.78


Control

1.75


1.07


8.59




NUE582
9561.1
2.25
9.2E−02
28.98
1.73
1.6E−01
61.52
13.87
1.6E−01
61.52


NUE582
9561.2
2.10
7.1E−03
20.11
1.56
4.6E−03
45.40
12.49
4.6E−03
45.40


Control

1.75


1.07


8.59




NUE585
9661.1
2.46
4.9E−02
21.69
2.02
1.2E−05
50.77
16.12
1.2E−05
50.77


Control

2.02


1.34


10.69




NUE588
9591.3
2.14
1.3E−01
5.91
1.50
5.3E−02
12.38
12.02
5.3E−02
12.38


Control

2.02


1.34


10.69





Table 42: Analyses of rosette growth performance (rosette diameter and area and plot coverage) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.













TABLE 43







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved rosette


growth performance (leaf number and leaf blade area)


under standard nitrogen conditions










Leaf Number
Leaf Blade Area [cm2]














Gene



%


%


Name
Event #
Ave.
P-Value
incr.
Ave.
P-Value
incr.

















NUE230
9154.2
8.75
1.4E−01
4.03
0.26
7.3E−03
16.16


Control

8.41


0.23




NUE234
9163.4
8.88
4.2E−01
5.52
0.28
2.9E−02
23.30


NUE234
9162.5
8.06
5.7E−01
−4.14
0.26
9.0E−02
12.41


Control

8.41


0.23




NUE248
8983.1
8.75
1.4E−01
4.03
0.25
1.0E−02
11.97


Control

8.41


0.23




NUE249
9122.2
9.25
2.2E−02
9.98
0.27
3.5E−03
17.48


Control

8.41


0.23




NUE268
8996.3
8.81
1.4E−02
4.78
0.28
6.2E−04
21.22


Control

8.41


0.23




NUE525
9534.1
8.88
3.4E−02
9.44
0.23
6.6E−02
20.64


NUE525
9531.2
9.06
9.5E−03
11.75
0.26
1.3E−01
39.24


NUE525
9533.1
8.63
5.6E−01
6.36
0.24
3.4E−01
29.39


NUE525
9531.3
8.69
4.8E−01
7.13
0.23
2.3E−02
23.65


NUE525
9533.4
8.88
4.8E−01
9.44
0.23
3.5E−01
24.51


Control

8.11


0.19




NUE536
9233.3
9.50
1.2E−02
12.95
0.27
2.8E−01
18.94


NUE536
9234.1
9.44
6.1E−02
12.21
0.29
7.6E−02
28.74


Control

8.41


0.23




NUE545
9484.2
9.31
1.5E−01
14.84
0.28
2.1E−03
47.68


NUE545
9482.4
8.56
6.3E−01
5.59
0.22
6.6E−01
18.07


NUE545
9481.3
8.06
8.7E−01
−0.58
0.27
1.2E−03
41.88


NUE545
9484.4
8.88
1.1E−01
9.44
0.25
8.3E−02
31.54


Control

8.11


0.19




NUE549
9343.6
8.81
7.7E−02
8.67
0.20
6.6E−01
8.33


NUE549
9341.1
8.44
6.7E−01
4.05
0.21
6.0E−01
14.37


NUE549
9342.3
9.06
1.1E−01
11.75
0.21
1.3E−01
13.98


Control

8.11


0.19




NUE560
9423.4
8.75
1.3E−02
4.03
0.28
4.4E−01
21.95


Control

8.41


0.23




NUE568
9461.2
9.63
1.5E−02
18.69
0.30
2.1E−02
59.80


NUE568
9461.3
8.94
2.6E−01
10.21
0.23
3.2E−02
25.07


NUE568
9462.4
8.48
3.5E−01
4.60
0.21
4.6E−01
13.21


NUE568
9463.4
8.69
7.2E−02
7.13
0.24
7.0E−02
28.16


Control

8.11


0.19




NUE573
9491.4
8.63
2.3E−01
6.36
0.23
6.2E−02
22.82


NUE573
9492.1
8.81
7.7E−02
8.67
0.23
3.9E−02
20.79


NUE573
9493.4
8.86
4.2E−02
9.22
0.22
8.1E−02
17.66


NUE573
9491.2
8.63
1.2E−01
6.36
0.25
1.2E−01
33.61


NUE573
9494.3
9.13
1.5E−01
12.52
0.23
9.9E−02
20.47


NUE573
9492.2
8.46
7.1E−01
4.30
0.23
5.5E−01
25.07


Control

8.11


0.19




NUE575
9501.4
8.38
3.6E−01
3.28
0.21
3.9E−01
14.56


NUE575
9504.1
9.06
9.5E−03
11.75
0.25
1.1E−01
33.06


NUE575
9503.1
8.06
9.2E−01
−0.58
0.22
3.3E−01
16.13


NUE575
9502.1
8.98
3.9E−01
10.73
0.22
3.0E−01
18.72


Control

8.11


0.19




NUE578
9524.1
8.50
1.9E−01
4.82
0.26
7.3E−03
40.77


NUE578
9524.3
8.31
8.7E−01
2.50
0.25
5.4E−01
32.70


NUE578
9523.3
9.48
1.5E−02
16.93
0.28
4.2E−03
51.09


NUE578
9522.3
9.06
1.1E−01
11.75
0.24
1.9E−01
27.90


Control

8.11


0.19




NUE580
9552.3
8.56
1.4E−01
5.59
0.20
4.9E−01
7.20


NUE580
9551.3
8.69
7.2E−02
7.13
0.23
1.6E−02
25.62


NUE580
9554.4
8.63
4.8E−01
6.36
0.23
3.5E−01
24.90


Control

8.11


0.19




NUE582
9561.1
9.44
2.7E−01
16.38
0.27
1.6E−01
43.32


NUE582
9561.2
8.94
1.8E−02
10.21
0.25
5.5E−03
33.79


Control

8.11


0.19




NUE585
9661.1
8.94
4.0E−03
6.26
0.33
1.8E−02
43.63


Control

8.41


0.23




NUE588
9591.3
9.19
5.6E−04
9.24
0.25
2.6E−02
9.62


Control

8.41


0.23





Table 43: Analyses of rosette growth performance (leaf number and leaf blade area) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.






The genes presented in Tables 44 and 45, hereinbelow, have improved plant growth rate when grown at limiting nitrogen fertilization levels. These genes improved the growth rate of the rosette and faster covered the soil when grown at standard nitrogen fertilization levels. These genes produced faster growing plants showing a better utilization of the nitrogen present.


Tables 44 and 45 depict analyses of the growth rate of the rosette diameter, rosette area, leaf blade area, leaf number and plot coverage when grown under standard nitrogen conditions (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 44







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention


exhibit improved growth rate (RGR of leaf blade area, leaf number and rosette area) under standard


nitrogen conditions











RGR Of Leaf Blade




Gene
Area
RGR Of Leaf Number
RGR Of Rosette Area

















Name
Event #
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.




















NUE230
9154.2
0.032
2.5E−01
18.08
0.561
0.862
−1.88
0.20
2.8E−01
18.63


NUE230
9153.3
0.034
1.5E−01
25.07
0.629
0.404
9.96
0.22
9.2E−02
32.65


Control

0.027


0.572


0.16




NUE525
9534.1
0.027
3.4E−01
17.00
0.577
0.820
3.62
0.18
2.5E−01
25.20


NUE525
9531.2
0.032
4.9E−02
37.26
0.619
0.479
11.17
0.21
2.0E−02
53.67


NUE525
9533.1
0.029
2.1E−01
23.87
0.570
0.889
2.25
0.20
6.0E−02
45.89


NUE525
9531.3
0.028
2.3E−01
21.75
0.618
0.485
10.96
0.19
9.2E−02
37.52


NUE525
9533.4
0.028
2.4E−01
22.32
0.581
0.783
4.35
0.19
1.2E−01
36.12


Control

0.023


0.557


0.14




NUE536
9233.3
0.032
2.0E−01
21.11
0.696
0.053
21.70
0.21
9.8E−02
30.44


NUE536
9234.1
0.035
6.2E−02
31.13
0.719
0.025
25.69
0.24
1.6E−02
46.81


Control

0.027


0.572


0.16




NUE545
9484.2
0.034
1.4E−02
47.61
0.666
0.224
19.56
0.23
7.1E−03
63.45


NUE545
9482.4
0.026
5.0E−01
13.65
0.617
0.523
10.85
0.18
2.8E−01
26.57


NUE545
9481.3
0.032
3.8E−02
39.71
0.478


0.19
7.9E−02
38.94


NUE545
9484.4
0.030
1.3E−01
27.62
0.542


0.20
6.8E−02
41.88


Control

0.023


0.557


0.14




NUE568
9474.3
0.025
7.0E−01
7.00
0.535


0.15
6.4E−01
10.17


NUE568
9471.3
0.024
7.5E−01
5.65
0.627
0.423
12.49
0.17
3.4E−01
20.52


NUE568
9461.2
0.037
3.1E−03
58.77
0.665
0.208
19.45
0.26
3.9E−04
88.65


NUE568
9474.4
0.026
5.5E−01
10.89
0.526
0.726
−5.61
0.15
6.2E−01
10.72


NUE568
9461.3
0.029
1.9E−01
23.81
0.643
0.342
15.47
0.20
8.0E−02
39.53


Control

0.023


0.557


0.14




NUE573
9491.4
0.026
4.3E−01
14.05
0.543
0.872
−2.57
0.19
1.2E−01
34.11


NUE573
9493.4
0.026
4.9E−01
12.34
0.653
0.270
17.18
0.18
2.0E−01
28.04


NUE573
9491.2
0.030
1.0E−01
30.33
0.519
0.657
−6.87
0.21
4.2E−02
46.75


NUE573
9492.2
0.029
2.3E−01
24.31
0.531
0.791
−4.60
0.19
1.6E−01
35.61


Control

0.023


0.557


0.14




NUE575
9504.1
0.030
1.1E−01
30.22
0.624
0.428
12.01
0.21
4.0E−02
47.00


NUE575
9503.1
0.027
4.0E−01
15.42
0.516
0.651
−7.29
0.16
4.7E−01
15.58


NUE575
9502.1
0.026
4.7E−01
13.38
0.609
0.566
9.32
0.19
1.7E−01
32.29


Control

0.023


0.557


0.14




NUE578
9524.1
0.033
3.3E−02
41.00
0.613
0.511
10.12
0.22
1.8E−02
54.74


NUE578
9524.3
0.031
1.5E−01
31.93
0.608
0.642
9.18
0.21
7.3E−02
49.17


NUE578
9523.3
0.034
1.6E−02
46.45
0.665
0.213
19.44
0.23
5.4E−03
65.74


NUE578
9522.3
0.029
2.1E−01
23.38
0.685
0.143
23.02
0.21
2.4E−02
52.52


Control

0.023


0.557


0.14




NUE580
9551.3
0.029
1.4E−01
26.91
0.602
0.608
8.02
0.19
8.4E−02
38.45


NUE580
9554.4
0.027
3.8E−01
16.77
0.543
0.875
−2.57
0.19
9.4E−02
38.64


Control

0.023


0.557


0.14




NUE582
9561.1
0.032
4.1E−02
39.34
0.666
0.252
19.56
0.22
1.2E−02
60.37


NUE582
9562.1
0.027
3.5E−01
17.41
0.577
0.833
3.51
0.17
3.0E−01
23.28


NUE582
9562.4
0.027
3.8E−01
15.92
0.568
0.902
1.94
0.16
4.4E−01
16.65


NUE582
9561.2
0.032
7.0E−02
37.29
0.665
0.255
19.42
0.22
3.1E−02
54.06


Control

0.023


0.557


0.14




NUE585
9661.3
0.030
4.5E−01
11.39
0.684
0.145
19.49
0.18
5.3E−01
10.62


NUE585
9661.1
0.039
1.2E−02
43.80
0.658
0.178
14.96
0.25
7.0E−03
52.30


Control

0.027


0.572


0.16




NUE588
9591.3
0.031
2.6E−01
17.23
0.713
0.052
24.56
0.19
3.2E−01
17.29


Control

0.027


0.572


0.16





Table 44: Analyses of growth rate (RGR of leaf blade area, leaf number and rosette area) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.













TABLE 45







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved growth


rate (RGR of rosette diameter and plot coverage) under


standard nitrogen conditions










RGR Of



Gene
Rosette Diameter
RGR Of Plot Coverage














Name
Event #
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.

















NUE230
9154.2
0.20
0.612
5.67
1.56
0.283
18.63


NUE230
9153.3
0.21
0.382
10.99
1.75
0.092
32.65


Control

0.19


1.32




NUE525
9534.1
0.18
0.672
6.16
1.40
0.249
25.20


NUE525
9531.2
0.21
0.188
19.78
1.72
0.020
53.67


NUE525
9533.1
0.21
0.239
18.66
1.63
0.060
45.89


NUE525
9531.3
0.20
0.407
12.27
1.54
0.092
37.52


NUE525
9533.4
0.20
0.308
16.23
1.52
0.125
36.12


Control

0.17


1.12




NUE536
9233.3
0.22
0.250
13.45
1.72
0.098
30.44


NUE536
9234.1
0.23
0.068
21.81
1.93
0.016
46.81


Control

0.19


1.32




NUE545
9484.2
0.23
0.024
34.81
1.83
0.007
63.45


NUE545
9482.4
0.18
0.741
5.45
1.42
0.281
26.57


NUE545
9481.3
0.20
0.304
15.24
1.55
0.079
38.94


NUE545
9484.4
0.21
0.215
18.52
1.59
0.068
41.88


Control

0.17


1.12




NUE568
9474.3
0.18
0.868
2.45
1.23
0.641
10.17


NUE568
9471.3
0.17
0.853
−2.69
1.35
0.345
20.52


NUE568
9461.2
0.23
0.039
31.20
2.11
0.000
88.65


NUE568
9474.4
0.18
0.947
0.98
1.24
0.624
10.72


NUE568
9461.3
0.21
0.218
18.40
1.56
0.080
39.53


Control

0.17


1.12




NUE573
9491.4
0.19
0.582
8.00
1.50
0.121
34.11


NUE573
9493.4
0.19
0.589
7.89
1.35
0.349
20.66


NUE573
9491.2
0.21
0.222
18.90
1.64
0.042
46.75


NUE573
9492.2
0.18
0.821
3.40
1.27
0.542
13.46


Control

0.17


1.12




NUE575
9504.1
0.21
0.196
19.39
1.64
0.040
47.00


NUE575
9503.1
0.19
0.644
6.72
1.29
0.472
15.58


NUE575
9502.1
0.19
0.637
7.16
1.33
0.439
19.10


Control

0.17


1.12




NUE578
9524.1
0.21
0.154
21.31
1.73
0.018
54.74


NUE578
9524.3
0.21
0.302
19.94
1.67
0.073
49.17


NUE578
9523.3
0.23
0.036
33.14
1.73
0.017
54.56


NUE578
9522.3
0.19
0.472
10.54
1.71
0.024
52.52


Control

0.17


1.12




NUE580
9551.3
0.20
0.319
14.57
1.55
0.084
38.45


NUE580
9554.4
0.18
0.764
4.75
1.55
0.094
38.64


Control

0.17


1.12




NUE582
9561.1
0.22
0.112
24.58
1.79
0.012
60.37


NUE582
9562.1
0.19
0.548
9.10
1.38
0.300
23.28


NUE582
9562.4
0.19
0.469
10.79
1.31
0.438
16.65


NUE582
9561.2
0.20
0.325
16.03
1.72
0.031
54.06


Control

0.17


1.12




NUE585
9661.3
0.20
0.518
7.29
1.46
0.528
10.62


NUE585
9661.1
0.22
0.142
17.93
2.00
0.007
52.30


Control

0.19


1.32




NUE588
9591.3
0.21
0.413
9.34
1.54
0.317
17.29


Control

0.19


1.32





Table 45: Analyses of growth rate (RGR of rosette diameter and plot coverage) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.






Example 7
Assay 3: Nitrogen Use Efficiency Measured Until Bolting Stage: Plant Biomass and Plant Growth Rate at Limited and Standard Nitrogen Concentration Under Greenhouse Conditions

This assay follows seed yield production, the biomass formation and the rosette area growth of plants grown in the greenhouse at limiting and non-limiting nitrogen growth conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis seeds were sown in agar media supplemented with ½ MS medium and a selection agent (Kanamycin). The T2 transgenic seedlings were then transplanted to 1.7 trays filled with peat and perlite in a 1:1 ratio. The trays were irrigated with a solution containing nitrogen limiting conditions, which were achieved by irrigating the plants with a solution containing 1.5 mM inorganic nitrogen in the form of KNO3, supplemented with 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements, while normal nitrogen levels were achieved by applying a solution of 6 mM inorganic nitrogen also in the form of KNO3 with 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements. All plants were grown in the greenhouse until mature seeds. Plant biomass (the above ground tissue) was weight immediately after harvesting the rosette (plant fresh weight [FW]). Following, plants were dried in an oven at 50° C. for 48 hours and weighted (plant dry weight [DW]).


Each construct was validated at its T2 generation. Transgenic plants transformed with a construct conformed by an empty vector carrying the 35S promoter and the selectable marker was used as control.


The plants were analyzed for their overall size, growth rate, fresh weight and dry matter. Transgenic plants performance was compared to control plants grown in parallel under the same conditions.


The experiment was planned in nested randomized plot distribution. For each gene of the invention three to five independent transformation events were analyzed from each construct.


Digital imaging—A laboratory image acquisition system, which consists of a digital reflex camera (Canon EOS 300D) attached with a 55 mm focal length lens (Canon EF-S series), mounted on a reproduction device (Kaiser RS), which includes 4 light units (4×150 Watts light bulb) was used for capturing images of plant samples.


The image capturing process was repeated every 2 days starting from day 1 after transplanting till day 15. Same camera, placed in a custom made iron mount, was used for capturing images of larger plants sawn in white tubs in an environmental controlled greenhouse. During the capture process, the tubes were placed beneath the iron mount, while avoiding direct sun light and casting of shadows.


An image analysis system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.39 [Java based image processing program which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet at Hypertext Transfer Protocol://rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).


Leaf analysis—Using the digital analysis leaves data was calculated, including leaf number, rosette area, rosette diameter, leaf blade area, plot coverage and leaf petiole area.


Vegetative Growth Rate: Is the Rate of Growth of the Plant as Defined by Formula VIII, IX, X and XI as Described Above:

Relative growth rate of leaf blade area=Regression coefficient of leaf area along time course.  Formula VIII:
Relative growth rate of rosette area=Regression coefficient of rosette area along time course.  Formula IX:
Relative growth rate of rosette diameter=Regression coefficient of rosette diameter along time course.  Formula X
Relative growth rate of plot coverage=Regression coefficient of plot coverage along time course.  Formula XI


Plant Fresh and Dry weight—On about day 40 from sowing, the plants were harvested and directly weight for the determination of the plant fresh weight (FW) and left to dry at 50° C. in a drying chamber for about 48 hours before weighting to determine plant dry weight (DW).


Statistical analyses—To identify genes conferring significantly improved NUE, the results obtained from the transgenic plants were compared to those obtained from control plants. To identify outperforming genes and constructs, results from the independent transformation events tested are analyzed separately. Data was analyzed using Student's t-test and results were considered significant if the p value was less than 0.1. The JMP statistics software package was used (Version 5.2.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C., USA).


Experimental Results:


The genes presented in Tables 46 and 47, hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE when grown under limiting nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. These genes produced larger plants with a larger photosynthetic capacity when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions.


Tables 46 and 47 depict analyses of plant biomass and photosynthetic area (fresh weight, dry weight, rosette diameter, rosette area and plot coverage) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 46







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant


biomass (dry weight and fresh weight) under limiting


nitrogen conditions









Gene
Dry Weight [g]
Fresh Weight [g]














Name
Event #
Average
P-Value
% increment
Average
P-Value
% increment

















NUE227
9851.4
0.076
0.014
44.26
0.725
0.002
79.65


NUE227
9854.2
0.059
0.202
12.33
0.569
0.000
40.93


NUE227
9853.1
0.069
0.025
31.25
0.581
0.092
44.03


NUE227
9851.1
0.063
0.052
19.43
0.581
0.205
44.03


NUE227
9852.3
0.063
0.063
18.24
0.519
0.469
28.54


Control

0.053


0.404




NUE233
10173.5
0.035
0.055
34.48
0.243
0.838
−1.89


Control

0.026


0.248




NUE256
10061.4
0.034
0.031
32.08





NUE256
10061.1
0.044
0.126
70.50
0.325
0.250
31.29


Control

0.026


0.248




NUE512
9284.2
0.044
0.417
−17.23
0.419
0.794
3.76


NUE512
9283.1
0.066
0.033
25.34
0.488
0.088
20.80


NUE512
9284.3
0.052
0.900
−1.86
0.469
0.566
16.15


NUE512
9282.3
0.064
0.066
20.61
0.506
0.005
25.44


NUE512
9283.3
0.063
0.247
18.24
0.538
0.002
33.19


NUE512
9281.3
0.079
0.066
49.32
0.538
0.023
33.41


Control

0.053


0.404




NUE514
9403.5
0.050
0.581
−5.41
0.388
0.807
−3.98


NUE514
9404.4
0.054
0.964
2.20
0.439
0.759
8.85


NUE514
9402.2
0.056
0.468
6.42
0.594
0.000
47.12


NUE514
9402.5
0.057
0.553
7.60
0.488
0.088
20.80


Control

0.053


0.404




NUE531
10082.2
0.042
0.001
62.84
0.235
0.976
−5.26


NUE531
10081.5
0.029
0.810
10.46
0.219
0.334
−11.63


Control

0.026


0.248




NUE532
9222.4
0.069
0.066
31.25
0.606
0.296
50.22


NUE532
9222.3
0.061
0.773
15.88
0.444
0.148
9.96


NUE532
9222.1
0.064
0.570
20.61
0.525
0.117
30.09


NUE532
9223.3
0.062
0.093
17.06
0.475
0.603
17.70


NUE532
9224.4
0.035
0.007
−32.94
0.467
0.037
15.71


NUE532
9223.5
0.057
0.746
7.60
0.556
0.242
37.83


Control

0.053


0.404




NUE535
9086.2
0.056
0.915
5.24
0.550
0.477
36.28


Control

0.053


0.404




NUE537
9392.2
0.053
0.988
0.51
0.550
0.021
36.28


NUE537
9393.2
0.055
0.847
3.72
0.589
0.065
46.02


NUE537
9393.1
0.060
0.274
13.51
0.444
0.148
9.96


NUE537
9393.3
0.068
0.033
28.89
0.575
0.014
42.48


Control

0.053


0.404




NUE576
9794.1
0.039
0.090
48.89
0.294
0.028
18.67


Control

0.026


0.248




NUE576
9791.3



0.431
0.838
6.86


NUE576
9792.4



0.500
0.007
23.89


NUE576
9792.3



0.550
0.159
36.28


Control




0.404





Table 46: Analyses of plant biomass (dry and fresh weight) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under limiting nitrogen (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.













TABLE 47







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the


invention exhibit improved plant biomass (rosette diameter and area and plot coverage)


under limiting nitrogen conditions











Rosette Diameter [cm]
Rosette Area [cm2]
Plot Coverage [%]

















Gene


P-
%


%

P-
%


Name
Event #
Ave.
Value
incr.
Ave.
P-Value
incr.
Ave.
Value
incr.




















NUE227
9851.4
2.040
2.4E−02
48.28
1.477
7.6E−02
115.90
11.819
7.6E−02
115.90


NUE227
9854.2
1.778
5.9E−02
29.24
1.070
7.0E−03
56.44
8.564
7.0E−03
56.44


NUE227
9853.1
1.679
9.5E−02
22.03
0.979
1.1E−01
43.09
7.833
1.1E−01
43.09


NUE227
9851.1
1.555
2.8E−01
13.03
0.915
2.8E−01
33.71
7.320
2.8E−01
33.71


NUE227
9852.3
1.889
1.7E−01
37.33
1.298
1.8E−01
89.71
10.386
1.8E−01
89.71


Control

1.376


0.684


5.474




NUE233
10173.5
1.778
1.9E−01
7.66
1.080
3.2E−01
16.76
7.559
7.1E−01
5.15


Control

1.651


0.925


7.189




NUE256
10061.1
1.991
2.6E−03
20.56
1.333
2.7E−02
44.13
10.664
2.0E−02
48.34


Control

1.651


0.925


7.189




NUE512
9284.2
1.475
7.1E−01
7.21
0.794
7.0E−01
15.97
6.349
7.0E−01
15.97


NUE512
9283.1
1.581
1.8E−01
14.91
0.916
2.6E−02
33.86
7.328
2.6E−02
33.86


NUE512
9284.3
1.395
9.0E−01
1.41
0.719
8.2E−01
5.14
5.755
8.2E−01
5.14


NUE512
9282.3
1.588
2.6E−01
15.43
0.928
6.3E−02
35.67
7.427
6.3E−02
35.67


NUE512
9283.3
1.410
8.2E−01
2.50
0.789
3.9E−01
15.37
6.315
3.9E−01
15.37


NUE512
9281.3
1.526
3.8E−01
10.94
0.824
4.1E−01
20.42
6.236
6.5E−01
13.91


Control

1.376


0.684


5.474




NUE514
9403.5
1.581
5.6E−01
14.93
0.901
5.4E−01
31.69
7.209
5.4E−01
31.69


NUE514
9404.4
1.608
2.3E−01
16.92
0.930
2.0E−01
35.86
6.923
2.2E−02
26.47


NUE514
9402.2
1.996
1.8E−01
45.07
1.395
1.5E−01
103.85
11.159
1.5E−01
103.85


NUE514
9402.5
1.860
3.2E−01
35.21
1.160
3.2E−01
69.52
9.280
3.2E−01
69.52


NUE514
9404.5
1.689
2.2E−01
22.77
1.006
4.7E−02
47.02
8.048
4.7E−02
47.02


Control

1.376


0.684


5.474




NUE527
9201.1
1.773
1.4E−02
28.89
1.109
9.3E−02
62.12
8.875
9.3E−02
62.12


Control

1.376


0.684


5.474




NUE531
10081.5
1.758
4.5E−01
6.49
1.043
5.1E−01
12.74
8.342
4.3E−01
16.04


Control

1.651


0.925


7.189




NUE532
9222.4
1.752
3.9E−01
27.34
1.056
4.4E−01
54.32
8.448
4.4E−01
54.32


NUE532
9222.3
1.668
4.6E−04
21.24
1.034
8.3E−05
51.08
8.270
8.3E−05
51.08


NUE532
9222.1
1.623
3.8E−01
17.95
1.016
2.8E−01
48.52
8.130
2.8E−01
48.52


NUE532
9223.3
1.585
5.5E−03
15.23
0.902
6.2E−03
31.88
7.219
6.2E−03
31.88


NUE532
9224.4
1.732
1.4E−04
25.88
1.060
6.5E−05
54.91
7.941
2.3E−02
45.06


NUE532
9223.5
1.899
7.1E−02
38.02
1.294
3.2E−02
89.11
10.353
3.2E−02
89.11


Control

1.376


0.684


5.474




NUE535
9086.2
1.696
2.2E−01
23.27
0.938
2.2E−01
37.03
7.502
2.2E−01
37.03


NUE535
9084.2
1.463
6.4E−01
6.35
0.827
4.3E−01
20.92
6.620
4.3E−01
20.92


NUE535
9081.1
1.521
3.3E−01
10.57
0.823
3.0E−01
20.21
6.581
3.0E−01
20.21


NUE535
9082.1
1.432
5.6E−01
4.10
0.742
3.8E−01
8.46
5.938
3.8E−01
8.46


Control

1.376


0.684


5.474




NUE537
9391.1
1.503
5.2E−01
9.24
0.807
3.8E−01
17.86
6.452
3.8E−01
17.86


NUE537
9392.2
1.475
4.9E−01
7.21
0.851
3.4E−01
24.32
6.806
3.4E−01
24.32


NUE537
9393.2
1.532
8.5E−03
11.34
0.955
4.1E−04
39.59
7.157
4.5E−02
30.73


NUE537
9393.1
1.856
1.7E−03
34.95
1.225
7.0E−05
78.96
9.797
7.0E−05
78.96


NUE537
9392.3
1.429
8.3E−01
3.89
0.784
7.3E−01
14.54
6.270
7.3E−01
14.54


NUE537
9393.3
1.739
5.3E−02
26.42
1.092
1.5E−02
59.52
8.733
1.5E−02
59.52


Control

1.376


0.684


5.474




NUE576
9794.1
1.963
1.5E−01
18.86
1.350
2.3E−01
45.96
10.800
2.1E−01
50.23


Control

1.651


0.925


7.189




NUE576
9791.3
1.416
8.6E−01
2.94
0.753
7.4E−01
10.01
6.022
7.4E−01
10.01


NUE576
9792.4
1.826
2.1E−05
32.75
1.204
2.4E−04
75.90
9.629
2.4E−04
75.90


NUE576
9792.3
1.912
5.4E−06
39.03
1.208
1.1E−05
76.46
9.660
1.1E−05
76.46


Control

1.376


0.684


5.474





Table 47: Analyses of plant biomass (rosette diameter and area and plot coverage) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under limiting nitrogen (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.






The genes presented in Table 48, hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE when grown under limiting nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. These genes produced larger photosynthetic areas as it can be observed by their larger leaf number, leaf blade area and petiole area.


Table 48 depicts analyses of plant photosynthetic area (leaf number, leaf blade area and petiole area) when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S)). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 48







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the


invention exhibit improved photosynthetic area (leaf number, leaf blade area and petiole


area) under limiting nitrogen conditions












Leaf Blade
Leaf Petiole Length



Leaf Number
Area [cm2]
[cm]

















Gene


P-
%

P-
%

P-
%


Name
Event #
Ave.
Value
incr.
Ave.
Value
incr.
Ave.
Value
incr.




















NUE227
9851.4
8.56
1.9E−02
16.38
0.24
4.6E−02
108.44
0.38
6.5E−02
69.59


NUE227
9854.2
7.63
1.5E−01
3.64
0.19
5.8E−03
67.63
0.32
1.2E−04
41.44


NUE227
9853.1
7.81
3.5E−02
6.19
0.17
2.2E−01
49.04
0.26
3.8E−02
14.04


NUE227
9851.1
7.69
2.8E−01
4.49
0.16
2.9E−01
35.75
0.24
4.7E−01
5.61


NUE227
9852.3
8.50
2.4E−01
15.53
0.21
1.1E−01
82.96
0.32
4.4E−01
41.85


Control

7.36


0.11


0.22




NUE233
10173.5
7.79
6.0E−01
2.05
0.19
4.0E−01
15.50
0.26
5.8E−01
8.27


Control

7.63


0.17


0.24




NUE256
10061.1
8.13
2.5E−01
6.50
0.23
8.4E−02
39.00
0.31
2.0E−01
30.30


Control

7.63


0.17


0.24




NUE512
9283.1
7.63
2.5E−01
3.64
0.16
7.0E−02
42.74
0.24
1.2E−01
8.56


NUE512
9284.3
6.88
5.0E−01
−6.55
0.13
4.9E−01
15.53
0.21
8.3E−01
−5.04


NUE512
9282.3
7.38
9.8E−01
0.24
0.16
3.9E−02
41.04
0.26
5.5E−01
14.40


NUE512
9283.3
7.56
6.3E−01
2.79
0.13
6.1E−01
12.00
0.25
6.2E−02
11.05


NUE512
9281.3
7.08
7.9E−01
−3.76
0.15
3.8E−02
31.49
0.23
9.9E−01
0.30


Control

7.36


0.11


0.22




NUE514
9403.5
7.31
8.7E−01
−0.61
0.16
5.0E−01
35.23
0.28
4.7E−01
25.62


NUE514
9404.4
8.04
4.1E−01
9.22
0.14
1.2E−01
25.05
0.26
1.1E−02
17.01


NUE514
9402.2
8.75
2.5E−01
18.93
0.22
1.4E−01
89.22
0.35
3.1E−01
55.03


NUE514
9402.5
8.38
2.7E−01
13.83
0.19
3.3E−01
63.94
0.32
3.1E−01
42.26


NUE514
9404.5
8.56
1.0E−01
16.38
0.16
3.9E−02
37.00
0.30
3.7E−01
31.67


Control

7.36


0.11


0.22




NUE527
9201.1
8.19
2.0E−03
11.29
0.17
1.3E−01
49.68
0.33
1.7E−03
45.43


NUE527
9201.2
6.94
6.5E−01
−5.70
0.12
5.8E−01
7.58
0.22
9.3E−01
−1.31


Control

7.36


0.11


0.22




NUE531
10082.2
8.24
7.1E−02
7.98
0.15
2.3E−01
−12.84
0.27
3.9E−01
13.71


NUE531
10081.5
8.31
4.4E−02
8.95
0.17
9.4E−01
1.15
0.27
3.2E−02
15.99


Control

7.63


0.17


0.24




NUE532
9222.4
7.56
8.4E−01
2.79
0.17
4.2E−01
51.79
0.30
4.1E−01
32.08


NUE532
9222.3
8.31
3.5E−02
12.99
0.16
2.5E−05
41.75
0.29
1.5E−03
30.67


NUE532
9222.1
7.94
1.1E−01
7.89
0.16
2.6E−01
40.64
0.27
5.0E−01
21.12


NUE532
9223.3
7.31
9.4E−01
−0.61
0.15
2.6E−01
32.70
0.28
1.5E−03
26.20


NUE532
9224.4
8.27
1.3E−03
12.38
0.16
3.4E−02
41.63
0.32
6.8E−02
43.77


NUE532
9223.5
8.25
9.8E−02
12.14
0.20
1.5E−02
72.88
0.35
1.5E−02
58.06


Control

7.36


0.11


0.22




NUE535
9086.2
7.75
5.7E−01
5.34
0.16
2.0E−01
37.02
0.34
2.1E−01
52.44


NUE535
9084.2
6.88
4.0E−01
−6.55
0.15
2.4E−01
28.20
0.23
8.7E−01
2.43


NUE535
9081.1
8.31
1.4E−01
12.99
0.13
4.7E−01
12.91
0.28
2.6E−03
25.65


NUE535
9082.1
7.25
6.2E−01
−1.46
0.13
2.5E−02
12.04
0.26
4.5E−01
14.26


Control

7.36


0.11


0.22




NUE537
9391.1
7.81
4.8E−01
6.19
0.14
2.6E−01
23.28
0.25
5.7E−01
11.88


NUE537
9392.2
7.31
9.4E−01
−0.61
0.14
2.9E−01
25.68
0.26
4.1E−01
14.53


NUE537
9393.2
7.56
7.2E−01
2.79
0.15
2.2E−02
33.42
0.24
5.1E−01
4.72


NUE537
9393.1
8.63
1.7E−03
17.23
0.19
4.6E−02
69.46
0.34
4.7E−04
52.73


NUE537
9392.3
7.19
8.5E−01
−2.31
0.13
7.3E−01
10.02
0.25
7.4E−01
11.68


NUE537
9393.3
8.00
4.8E−01
8.74
0.18
2.6E−02
56.70
0.30
3.1E−04
33.39


Control

7.36


0.11


0.22




NUE576
9794.1
8.13
5.7E−01
6.50
0.24
1.4E−01
42.20
0.30
5.0E−01
28.80


Control

7.63


0.17


0.24




NUE576
9791.3
7.00
6.7E−01
−4.85
0.13
6.3E−01
15.21
0.24
8.0E−01
7.24


NUE576
9792.4
8.75
1.1E−03
18.93
0.18
1.4E−04
55.06
0.35
2.8E−02
56.82


NUE576
9792.3
8.06
2.1E−01
9.59
0.20
2.9E−05
71.82
0.34
9.6E−04
52.50


Control

7.36


0.11


0.22





Table 48: Analyses of photosynthetic area (leaf number, leaf blade area and petiole area) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under limiting nitrogen (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.






The genes presented in Table 49, hereinbelow, have improved plant growth rate when grown at limiting nitrogen fertilization levels. These genes improved the growth rate of the rosette and faster covered the soil when grown under limiting nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. These genes produced faster growing plants showing a better utilization of the nitrogen present.


Table 49 depicts analyses of the growth rate of the rosette diameter, rosette area, leaf blade area, leaf number and plot coverage when grown under standard nitrogen conditions when grown under limiting nitrogen conditions (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 49







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the


invention exhibit improved rosette growth performance (RGR of rosette area and diameter


and plot coverage) under limiting nitrogen conditions











RGR Of
RGR Of Rosette
RGR Of



Rosette Area
Diameter
Plot Coverage

















Gene


P-
%

P-
%

P-
%


Name
Event #
Ave.
Value
incr.
Ave.
Value
incr.
Ave.
Value
incr.




















NUE227
9851.4
0.183
2.6E−05
118.89
0.189
2.0E−03
44.11
1.462
2.6E−05
118.89


NUE227
9854.2
0.133
7.4E−03
59.50
0.172
2.0E−02
31.13
1.066
7.4E−03
59.50


NUE227
9853.1
0.120
4.6E−02
43.12
0.157
1.2E−01
19.92
0.956
4.6E−02
43.12


NUE227
9851.1
0.112
1.2E−01
33.76
0.152
2.5E−01
15.45
0.894
1.2E−01
33.76


NUE227
9852.3
0.161
5.4E−04
93.37
0.174
2.5E−02
32.77
1.292
5.4E−04
93.37


Control

0.084


0.131


0.668




NUE256
10063.4
0.132
5.2E−01
11.42
0.132
7.1E−01
−6.29
0.923
9.8E−01
0.41


NUE256
10061.1
0.167
1.2E−02
40.75
0.160
4.0E−01
13.13
1.332
1.2E−02
44.97


Control

0.118


0.141


0.919




NUE512
9284.2
0.100
3.9E−01
19.99
0.142
5.7E−01
8.06
0.802
3.9E−01
19.99


NUE512
9283.1
0.115
7.3E−02
37.78
0.150
2.7E−01
14.31
0.920
7.3E−02
37.78


NUE512
9284.3
0.091
6.8E−01
8.61
0.136
7.8E−01
3.59
0.726
6.8E−01
8.61


NUE512
9282.3
0.116
6.6E−02
38.73
0.151
2.8E−01
14.64
0.927
6.6E−02
38.73


NUE512
9283.3
0.098
4.0E−01
17.73
0.125
6.8E−01
−5.14
0.787
4.0E−01
17.73


NUE512
9281.3
0.103
2.5E−01
23.92
0.140
6.0E−01
6.87
0.783
4.2E−01
17.24


Control

0.084


0.131


0.668




NUE514
9403.5
0.108
2.4E−01
28.84
0.137
7.8E−01
4.40
0.861
2.4E−01
28.84


NUE514
9404.4
0.117
6.4E−02
39.59
0.155
1.6E−01
17.67
0.869
1.4E−01
30.04


NUE514
9402.2
0.177
8.9E−05
111.43
0.195
1.5E−03
48.26
1.412
8.9E−05
111.43


NUE514
9403.2
0.105
3.4E−01
26.02
0.140
7.1E−01
6.57
0.842
3.4E−01
26.02


NUE514
9402.5
0.144
8.3E−03
72.44
0.180
2.7E−02
37.10
1.152
8.3E−03
72.44


NUE514
9404.5
0.126
1.8E−02
50.85
0.164
6.6E−02
24.82
1.008
1.8E−02
50.85


Control

0.084


0.131


0.668




NUE527
9201.1
0.131
1.5E−02
56.83
0.146
3.8E−01
11.45
1.048
1.5E−02
56.83


Control

0.084


0.131


0.668




NUE532
9222.4
0.132
3.4E−02
58.62
0.177
4.2E−02
34.79
1.060
3.4E−02
58.62


NUE532
9222.3
0.124
2.7E−02
48.99
0.148
3.2E−01
12.66
0.995
2.7E−02
48.99


NUE532
9222.1
0.124
3.9E−02
48.48
0.153
2.5E−01
16.37
0.992
3.9E−02
48.48


NUE532
9223.3
0.106
2.0E−01
26.75
0.135
8.3E−01
2.62
0.847
2.0E−01
26.75


NUE532
9224.4
0.132
9.5E−03
58.37
0.159
1.0E−01
21.08
0.991
2.7E−02
48.37


NUE532
9223.5
0.162
1.4E−04
94.31
0.169
3.4E−02
28.67
1.298
1.4E−04
94.31


Control

0.084


0.131


0.668




NUE535
9086.2
0.118
6.7E−02
40.98
0.169
3.7E−02
28.72
0.942
6.7E−02
40.98


NUE535
9084.2
0.103
2.6E−01
23.65
0.138
7.0E−01
4.93
0.826
2.6E−01
23.65


NUE535
9081.1
0.101
3.1E−01
20.62
0.137
7.2E−01
4.66
0.806
3.1E−01
20.62


Control

0.084


0.131


0.668




NUE537
9391.1
0.101
3.0E−01
20.89
0.143
5.1E−01
8.62
0.808
3.0E−01
20.89


NUE537
9392.2
0.107
1.9E−01
27.77
0.142
5.0E−01
8.29
0.854
1.9E−01
27.77


NUE537
9393.2
0.120
4.4E−02
43.18
0.135
8.3E−01
2.61
0.894
1.1E−01
33.89


NUE537
9393.1
0.156
5.1E−04
86.73
0.198
2.4E−04
50.58
1.247
5.1E−04
86.73


NUE537
9392.3
0.101
3.8E−01
20.36
0.140
6.6E−01
6.28
0.804
3.8E−01
20.36


NUE537
9393.3
0.133
1.0E−02
59.56
0.162
7.9E−02
23.54
1.066
1.0E−02
59.56


Control

0.084


0.131


0.668




NUE576
9793.4
0.163
1.1E−01
37.49
0.157
5.5E−01
11.44
1.139
3.0E−01
23.91


NUE576
9792.4
0.139
2.6E−01
17.71
0.167
2.7E−01
18.29
1.047
4.2E−01
13.98


NUE576
9794.1
0.168
1.7E−02
41.95
0.161
4.0E−01
14.09
1.343
1.6E−02
46.20


Control

0.118


0.141


0.919




NUE576
9792.4
0.150
8.5E−04
79.96
0.162
6.5E−02
23.36
1.202
8.5E−04
79.96


NUE576
9792.3
0.149
1.2E−03
78.96
0.177
1.3E−02
34.59
1.196
1.2E−03
78.96


NUE576
9794.1
0.095
5.1E−01
14.23
0.145
4.7E−01
10.57
0.763
5.1E−01
14.23


NUE576
9793.3
0.104
2.4E−01
24.59
0.140
6.4E−01
6.33
0.771
4.4E−01
15.45


Control

0.084


0.131


0.668





Table 49: Analyses of rosette growth performance (RGR of rosette area and diameter and plot coverage) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under limiting nitrogen (1.5 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.






The genes presented in Tables 50 and 51, hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE when grown under standard nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. These genes produced larger plants with a larger photosynthetic area when grown under standard nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants.


Tables 50 and 51 depicts analyses of plant biomass (fresh weight, dry weight, rosette diameter, rosette area and plot coverage) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S)). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 50







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of


some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant biomass


(dry weight and fresh weight) under standard nitrogen conditions










Dry Weight
Fresh Weight














Gene Name
Event #
Ave.
P-Value
% increment
Ave.
P-Value
% increment

















NUE227
9851.4
0.170
1.8E−01
18.41
1.631
2.1E−01
12.64


NUE227
9854.2
0.163
1.7E−01
13.18
1.744
2.1E−02
20.41


NUE227
9853.1
0.202
2.1E−01
40.61
2.019
1.9E−02
39.40


NUE227
9852.3
0.199
2.6E−01
38.87
1.794
3.7E−01
23.86


Control

0.144


1.448




NUE233
10174.3
0.128
1.3E−01
21.58
1.206
1.0E−01
19.80


NUE233
10173.7
0.143
1.4E−02
36.31
1.210
3.8E−01
20.15


Control

0.105


1.007




NUE256
10063.4
0.139
4.0E−01
32.65
1.363
1.6E−01
35.31


NUE256
10061.3
0.118
5.8E−01
12.64
1.025
9.2E−01
1.80


Control

0.105


1.007




NUE512
9282.3
0.177
2.0E−01
23.20
1.881
2.8E−03
29.90


Control

0.144


1.448




NUE514
9403.5
0.168
2.3E−02
17.10
1.556
5.9E−01
7.46


NUE514
9402.2
0.161
2.2E−01
11.88
1.769
3.7E−02
22.13


NUE514
9404.5
0.153
5.0E−01
6.65
1.531
3.9E−01
5.73


NUE514
9402.5
0.171
1.7E−01
19.28
1.488
7.3E−01
2.71


Control

0.144


1.448




NUE531
10081.5
0.115
5.2E−01
10.00
1.086
5.9E−01
7.83


Control

0.105


1.007




NUE532
9222.4
0.175
4.9E−01
21.89
1.750
3.4E−01
20.84


NUE532
9223.3
0.156
2.3E−01
8.83
1.556
2.8E−01
7.46


NUE532
9223.5
0.164
4.4E−01
14.05
1.669
5.3E−02
15.23


Control

0.144


1.448




NUE537
9391.1
0.178
1.3E−01
24.07
1.669
4.8E−02
15.23


NUE537
9393.1
0.168
2.4E−01
16.92
1.743
3.2E−02
20.35


Control

0.144


1.448





Table 50: Analyses of plant biomass (dry weight and fresh weight) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.


“Ave.” = average.













TABLE 51







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the


invention exhibit improved plant biomass (rosette diameter and area and plot coverage)


under standard nitrogen conditions











Rosette Diameter
Rosette Area













Gene
%

P-

Plot Coverage

















Name
Event #
Ave.
P-Value
incr.
Ave.
Value
% incr.
Ave.
P-Value
% incr.




















NUE227
9851.4
1.82
8.6E−01
−1.70
1.29
3.5E−01
9.98
10.30
3.5E−01
9.98


NUE227
9854.2
2.13
7.6E−02
14.82
1.40
2.1E−01
19.82
11.22
2.1E−01
19.82


NUE227
9853.1
1.96
6.1E−01
5.70
1.45
1.8E−01
23.64
11.58
1.8E−01
23.64


NUE227
9852.3
1.94
5.9E−01
4.72
1.40
5.8E−01
19.24
11.17
5.8E−01
19.24


Control

1.85


1.17


9.37




NUE233
10174.3
2.69
2.8E−01
12.27
2.54
3.0E−01
24.73
20.36
2.7E−01
27.64


NUE233
10173.7
2.61
4.7E−01
9.02
2.49
4.0E−01
22.00
18.84
5.9E−01
18.14


Control

2.40


2.04


15.95




NUE256
10063.4
3.37
1.5E−03
40.59
3.25
1.4E−01
59.40
24.17
2.9E−02
51.58


NUE256
10061.3
2.89
3.3E−01
20.50
2.38
5.8E−01
16.48
19.01
5.3E−01
19.20


Control

2.40


2.04


15.95




NUE512
9282.3
2.08
3.8E−02
12.43
1.38
1.3E−01
18.07
11.06
1.3E−01
18.07


Control

1.85


1.17


9.37




NUE514
9403.5
2.14
1.9E−02
15.56
1.44
6.0E−02
23.37
11.56
6.0E−02
23.37


NUE514
9402.2
2.03
9.8E−02
9.60
1.46
5.4E−02
24.90
11.70
5.4E−02
24.90


NUE514
9404.5
2.13
2.1E−02
14.76
1.56
1.6E−02
32.88
12.45
1.6E−02
32.88


NUE514
9402.5
2.15
3.9E−02
16.09
1.45
5.6E−02
23.83
11.60
5.6E−02
23.83


Control

1.85


1.17


9.37




NUE531
10081.5
2.78
1.5E−01
16.08
2.50
2.5E−01
22.65
18.66
3.0E−01
17.01


NUE531
10083.2
2.99
6.6E−02
24.72
3.18
2.0E−01
56.02
24.12
3.4E−01
51.24


Control

2.40


2.04


15.95




NUE532
9222.4
2.04
2.8E−01
10.29
1.43
2.2E−01
22.08
11.44
2.2E−01
22.08


NUE532
9223.3
2.04
9.0E−02
10.28
1.38
1.3E−01
18.26
11.08
1.3E−01
18.26


NUE532
9223.5
2.23
5.3E−03
20.20
1.64
6.4E−03
40.20
13.13
6.4E−03
40.20


Control

1.85


1.17


9.37




NUE537
9391.1
1.87
8.6E−01
0.96
1.22
6.7E−01
4.43
9.78
6.7E−01
4.43


NUE537
9393.1
1.90
7.6E−01
2.36
1.34
4.7E−01
14.85
10.17
7.5E−01
8.55


Control

1.85


1.17


9.37





Table 51: Analyses of plant biomass (rosette diameter and area and plot coverage) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.


“Incr.” = increment;


“Ave.” = average.






The genes presented in Table 52, hereinbelow, have improved plant NUE when grown under standard nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. These genes produced larger photosynthetic areas as it can be observed by their larger leaf number, leaf blade area and petiole area as compared to control plants.


Table 52 depicts analyses of plant photosynthetic area (leaf number and petiole area) when grown under standard nitrogen conditions (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2) and microelements) in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S)). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 52







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved


photosynthetic areas (leaf blade area and leaf petiole length)


under standard nitrogen growth conditions










Leaf Blade Area [cm2]
Leaf Petiole Length














Gene Name
Event #
Ave.
P-Value
% increment
Ave.
P-Value
% increment

















NUE227
9851.4
0.219
1.6E−01
15.14
0.305
7.2E−02
−14.52


NUE227
9854.2
0.249
2.6E−02
30.94
0.373
4.6E−01
4.52


NUE227
9853.1
0.248
6.6E−02
30.68
0.364
7.9E−01
2.16


NUE227
9852.3
0.232
4.4E−01
22.31
0.331
4.7E−01
−7.20


Control

0.190


0.357




NUE233
10174
0.437
1.8E−01
28.66
0.424
3.3E−01
15.67


NUE233
10174
0.440
1.8E−01
29.28
0.440
2.3E−01
20.06


Control

0.340


0.366




NUE256
10063
0.518
2.3E−01
52.46
0.491
1.9E−01
34.00


NUE256
10061
0.384
4.9E−01
13.04
0.426
4.3E−01
16.39


Control

0.340


0.366




NUE512
9282.3
0.244
2.3E−02
28.51
0.370
4.7E−01
3.82


Control

0.190


0.357




NUE514
9403.5
0.245
1.2E−01
28.88
0.380
2.4E−01
6.47


NUE514
9402.2
0.225
1.3E−01
18.56
0.373
4.4E−01
4.60


NUE514
9404.5
0.246
5.1E−02
29.57
0.358
9.5E−01
0.42


NUE514
9402.5
0.235
4.4E−02
23.86
0.414
3.7E−02
16.10


Control

0.190


0.357




NUE531
10082
0.393
2.5E−01
15.61
0.445
5.6E−02
21.67


NUE531
10083
0.526
4.9E−02
54.72
0.503
4.4E−02
37.48


Control

0.340


0.366




NUE532
9222.4
0.238
1.8E−01
25.41
0.380
4.4E−01
6.51


NUE532
9223.3
0.217
3.5E−01
13.98
0.418
3.3E−02
17.17


NUE532
9223.5
0.261
1.1E−02
37.44
0.404
9.7E−02
13.18


Control

0.190


0.357




NUE537
9391.1
0.206
4.1E−01
8.34
0.340
4.9E−01
−4.82


NUE537
9393.1
0.204
6.9E−01
7.22
0.369
5.6E−01
3.52


Control

0.190


0.357





Table 52: Analyses of photosynthetic areas (leaf blade area and leaf petiole length) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard nitrogen (6 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2 and microelements) as compared to control plants.


“Ave.” = average.






Example 8
Evaluating Trasngenic Plant Growth Under Abiotic Stress Conditions

One of the consequences of drought is the induction of osmotic stress in the area surrounding the roots; therefore, in many scientific studies, PEG (e.g., 1.5% PEG8000) is used to simulate the osmotic stress conditions resembling the high osmolarity found during drought stress.


Assay 1: Abiotic stress tolerance assay under tissue culture conditions—Plant growth was evaluated under salinity (150 mM NaCl) or osmotic stress [poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)] in tissue culture conditions.


Surface sterilized seeds were sown in basal media [50% Murashige-Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 0.8% plant agar as solidifying agent] in the presence of Kanamycin (for selecting only transgenic plants). After sowing, plates were transferred for 2-3 days for stratification at 4° C. and then grown at 25° C. under 12-hour light 12-hour dark daily cycles for 7 to 10 days. At this time point, seedlings randomly chosen were carefully transferred to plates containing 150 mM or 1.5% PEG: 0.5 MS media or Normal growth conditions (0.5 MS media). Each plate contained 5 seedlings of the same transgenic event, and 3-4 different plates (replicates) for each event. For each polynucleotide of the invention at least four independent transformation events were analyzed from each construct. Plants expressing the polynucleotides of the invention were compared to the average measurement of the control plants (empty vector or GUS reporter gene under the same promoter) used in the same experiment.


Digital imaging—A laboratory image acquisition system, which consists of a digital reflex camera (Canon EOS 300D) attached with a 55 mm focal length lens (Canon EF-S series), mounted on a reproduction device (Kaiser RS), which included 4 light units (4×150 Watts light bulb) and located in a darkroom, was used for capturing images of plantlets sawn in agar plates.


An image analysis system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.39 (Java based image processing program which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet at Hypertext Transfer Protocol://rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/). Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).


Seedling analysis—Using the digital analysis seedling data was calculated, including leaf area, root coverage and root length.


The relative growth rate for the various seedling parameters was calculated according to the following formulas V, VI and VII as described above.

Relative growth rate of leaf area=Regression coefficient of leaf area along time course.  Formula V:
Relative growth rate of root coverage=Regression coefficient of root coverage along time course.  Formula VI:
Relative growth rate of root length=Regression coefficient of root coverage along time course.  Formula VII:


At the end of the experiment, plantlets were removed from the media and weighed for the determination of plant fresh weight. Plantlets were then dried for 24 hours at 60° C., and weighed again to measure plant dry weight for later statistical analysis. Growth rate was determined by comparing the leaf area coverage, root coverage and root length, between each couple of sequential photographs, and results were used to resolve the effect of the gene introduced on plant vigor, under osmotic stress, as well as under optimal conditions. Similarly, the effect of the gene introduced on biomass accumulation, under osmotic stress as well as under optimal conditions, was determined by comparing the plants' fresh and dry weight to that of control plants (containing the GUS reporter gene under the same promoter). From every construct created, 3-5 independent transformation events were examined in replicates.


Statistical analyses—To identify genes conferring significantly improved tolerance to abiotic stresses or enlarged root architecture, the results obtained from the transgenic plants were compared to those obtained from control plants. To identify outperforming genes and constructs, results from the independent transformation events tested were analyzed separately. To evaluate the effect of a gene event over a control the data was analyzed by Student's t-test and the p value was calculated. Results were considered significant if p<0.1. The JMP statistics software package was used (Version 5.2.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C., USA).


Experimental Results:


The genes presented in Tables 53, 54 and 55, hereinbelow, have improved plant ABST (abiotic stress tolerance) when grown under high salinity concentration levels, compared to control plants. Results showed that the genes also improved plant performance under non-salinity conditions.


Tables 53, 54 and 55 depict analyses of plant performance (leaves and roots area) under normal (0 mM NaCl) or high salinity (150 mM NaCl) conditions in plants overexpressing the polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S). Evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of several events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one tissue culture assay and the results obtained were repeated. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.









TABLE 53







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant


performance (leaves and roots area) under normal


(standard) conditions










Leaves Area [cm2]
Roots Area [cm2]
















Gene



%


%


Treatment
name
Event
Average
Statistics
increment
Average
Statistics
increment


















0 mM NaCl
CT81
4995.1
0.60
A
23.04
0.25
A
57.13


0 mM NaCl
CT81
4991.1
0.53
AB
7.91
0.16
B
0.18


0 mM NaCl
Control
4543.3
0.49
B

0.16
B





Table 53: Analyses of plant performance (leaves area and root area) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under standard conditions (0 mM NaCl) compared to control plants.













TABLE 54







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant


performance (leaves area) under salinity stress










Gene
Leaves Area [cm2]












Treatment
name
Event
Average
Statistics
% increment















150 mM NaCl
CT81
4991.1
0.25
A
27.57


150 mM NaCl
CT81
4995.1
0.21
B
3.74


150 mM NaCl
CT81
4993.1
0.20
B
2.09


150 mM NaCl
Control
4543.3
0.20
B





Table 54: Analyses of plant performance (leaves area) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under salinity conditions (150 mM NaCl) compared to control plants.













TABLE 55







Transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotides


of some embodiments of the invention exhibit improved plant


performance (roots area) under salinity conditions










Gene
Roots Area [ cm2]












Treatment
name
Event
Average
Statistics
% increment















150 mM NaCl
CT81
4995.1
0.24
A
44.30


150 mM NaCl
CT81
4991.1
0.22
A
30.09


150 mM NaCl
Control
4543.3
0.17
B
0.00





Table 55: Analyses of plant performance (roots area) of transgenic plants overexpressing the exogenous polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention (using the cloned or synthetic genes listed in Table 23 above) under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (35S) when grown under salinity conditions (150 mM NaCl) compared to control plants.






Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.


It is the intent of the applicant(s) that all publications, patents and patent applications referred to in this specification are to be incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually noted when referenced that it is to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention. To the extent that section headings are used, they should not be construed as necessarily limiting. In addition, any priority document(s) of this application is/are hereby incorporated herein by reference in its/their entirety.

Claims
  • 1. A method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, and/or tolerance to nitrogen deficiency of a plant as compared to a native plant of the same species, which is grown under the same growth conditions, the method comprising: (a) over-expressing within the plant a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the full-length amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 187 as compared to a native plant which is grown under the same growth conditions, and(b) selecting a plant over-expressing said polypeptide for an increased nitrogen use efficiency, an increased fertilizer use efficiency, an increased yield, an increased growth rate, an increased vigor, an increased biomass, and/or an increased tolerance to nitrogen deficiency as compared to the native plant of the same species, which is grown under the same growth conditions,thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, and/or tolerance to nitrogen deficiency of the plant as compared to the native plant of the same species, which is grown under the same growth conditions.
  • 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (a) isolating a regenerable portion from plants selected according to the method of claim 1, to thereby obtain an isolated regenerable portion, and;(b) regenerating plants from said isolated regenerable portion.
  • 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence as set forth by SEQ ID NO: 187.
  • 4. A method of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, and/or tolerance to nitrogen deficiency of a plant as compared to a native plant of the same species, which is grown under the same growth conditions, the method comprising: (a) over-expressing within the plant a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 99% identical to the full-length amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 187 or 1678, as compared to a native plant which is grown under the same growth conditions, and(b) selecting a plant over-expressing said polypeptide for an increased nitrogen use efficiency, an increased fertilizer use efficiency, an increased yield, an increased growth rate, an increased vigor, an increased biomass, and/or an increased tolerance to nitrogen deficiency as compared to the native plant of the same species, which is grown under the same growth conditions,thereby increasing the nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, and/or tolerance to nitrogen deficiency of the plant as compared to the native plant of the same species, which is grown under the same growth conditions.
  • 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide is expressed from a nucleic acid sequence at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2445.
  • 6. The method of claim 4, wherein said polypeptide is expressed from a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2445, 50 and 614.
  • 7. The method of claim 4, wherein said amino acid sequence is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 187 or 1678.
  • 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising growing the plant over-expressing said polypeptide under nitrogen deficiency.
  • 9. A method of growing a crop, comprising growing a crop plant over-expressing a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the full length amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 187 as compared to a native plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, wherein said crop plant is derived from parent plants that over-express said polypeptide and that have been selected for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of: an increased nitrogen use efficiency, an increased fertilizer use efficiency, an increased yield, an increased growth rate, an increased vigor, an increased biomass, and an increased tolerance to nitrogen deficiency, as compared to the native plant of the same species, which is grown under the same growth conditions, and said crop plant over-expressing said polypeptide has said increased nitrogen use efficiency, said increased fertilizer use efficiency, said increased yield, said increased growth rate, said increased vigor, said increased biomass, and/or said increased tolerance to nitrogen deficiency, thereby growing the crop.
  • 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said polypeptide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 187.
  • 11. A method of growing a crop, comprising growing a crop plant over-expressing a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 99% identical to the full length amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 187 or 1678 as compared to a native plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, wherein said crop plant is derived from parent plants that over-express said polypeptide and that have been selected for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of: an increased nitrogen use efficiency, an increased fertilizer use efficiency, an increased yield, an increased growth rate, an increased vigor, an increased biomass, and an increased tolerance to nitrogen deficiency, as compared to the native plant of the same species, which is grown under the same growth conditions, and said crop plant over-expressing said polypeptide has said increased nitrogen use efficiency, said increased fertilizer use efficiency, said increased yield, said increased growth rate, said increased vigor, said increased biomass, and/or said increased tolerance to nitrogen deficiency, thereby growing the crop.
  • 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said polypeptide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 187 or 1678.
RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/211,255 filed on Dec. 6, 2018, which is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/673,608 filed on Aug. 10, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,208,316, which is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/636,275, filed Mar. 3, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,783,818, which is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/059,231 filed on Feb. 16, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,018,445, which is a National Phase of PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IB2009/053633 having International Filing Date of Aug. 18, 2009, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/136,189 filed on Aug. 18, 2008. The contents of the above applications are all incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein in their entirety.

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Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20210189411 A1 Jun 2021 US
Provisional Applications (1)
Number Date Country
61136189 Aug 2008 US
Divisions (4)
Number Date Country
Parent 16211255 Dec 2018 US
Child 17026368 US
Parent 15673608 Aug 2017 US
Child 16211255 US
Parent 14636275 Mar 2015 US
Child 15673608 US
Parent 13059231 US
Child 14636275 US