Patent Application
20050210804
The invention relates to a roofing element comprising an upper and a lower layer of sheet material, which are spaced apart from each other, and in between and bonded thereto, an intermediate layer of an insulating material.
Such a roofing element is known from WO 0015924. In WO 0015924, a roofing element is described comprising two metal skin layers and an insulating core of a plastic material. The known roofing material is made by pressing two metal sheets and the intermediate polymer layer together to form an element with the shape of one or a plurality of contiguous roof tiles. Such a roofing element may for instance be used in the construction of so called overlay roofs, i.e. roofs which are laid over an already existing roof, for example in cases where the existing roof shows leakage. The upper metal sheet may be covered with a coloured coating, having a rough surface, in order to imitate the appearance of a clay or slate roof tile.
When constructing a roof, a wooden framework is typically provided, onto which framework the roofing elements are attached by nails. Due to the specific construction of the roofing element known from WO 0015924, the nails necessarily show on the outside of the placed element.
Besides being undesirable from a purely esthetical point of view, the places where the nails show through the surface are prone to attack from rain, wind and other corrosive agents. Deterioration and wear of the roofing elements therefore are likely to initiate at these locations. Moreover it has been found that in many circumstances the heat and sound insulating properties of the known roofing element are not at the desired level and therefore need improvement. In such cases, it is necessary to provide separate insulating material underneath the roof elements, or alternatively, in the case of an overlay roof, underneath the existing roof. Positioning this additional material means extra work and is therefore costly. Another disadvantage of the roofing element known from WO 0015924 is that it needs to be supported at its four sides by the substructure, in other words it is not possible to attach it to the substructure partly floating. If one attempts to do this, the resulting roof will be slack, will show undesirable undulation, and will be prone to wind cluttering.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,613,338 a panel is disclosed comprising a core and skins extending along the core and beyond the same to form interlocking members to connect the panel to a parallel similar one. Although the disclosed panels may be used in roof construction, their primary use is in erecting walls. When used in roofs, the interlocking members are not leak proof and need separate silicone sealing caulk to prevent water from entering the panel.
EP-A-0 589 794 discloses a wall panel comprising an exterior and an interior skin layer of sheet material, spaced apart from each other, with in between an intermediate layer of an insulating material. The panel has interlocking means to connect with an adjacent panel along its longitudinal edges. The interlocking means include a deepened ridge in the exterior surface along the longitudinal side of the panel, wherein part of the skin of an adjacent panel may be elastically snapped. The panel cannot be applied onto a roof since the ridge would fill with water and cause problems of leakage and wear of the panel.
GB-A-2 376 962 discloses an insulated panel having an external sheet and an internal lining sheet and an insulating core in between both sheets. The panels are interlocked by mating male and female surfaces provided along their longitudinal sides. When mating two panels, a gap is maintained between them. This feature makes the panel known from GB-A-2 376 962 unsuitable as roof panel, since it is far from leak proof.
An object of the invention is to provide a roofing element with improved insulating properties which can be attached to a roof substructure in such a way as to not show any nails on the outside when in place.
A further object of the invention is to provide a roofing element with an improved interlocking arrangement as compared to the known arrangements.
Yet a further object of the invention is to provide a roofing element with improved resistance against leakage of water into the roofing element and into the roof structure build from it.
Still a further object of the invention is to provide a roofing element with which a roof structure may be constructed more efficiently than known hitherto.
It has now been found that the above and other objects may, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, be achieved by a roofing element having the technical features of the characterizing part of claim 1. In the roofing element according to the invention the intermediate layer (4) partly fills the space between the upper and lower layers, so as to form along a first side of the element, a first projection portion (5) on the lower layer for attaching the roofing element to the roof substructure, and a second projection portion (6) on the upper layer, which first and second projections (5) and (6) enclose an open space (7), said roofing element further comprising a protruding portion (8) at a second side of the element, which protruding portion (8) is engageable with open space (7) of a second shape-similar element to join the two roofing elements.
The roofing element according to the invention may be placed on a roof very expediently. Moreover it has excellent heat and sound isolating properties, and results in a decreased condensation on the inside of the roof compared to the state of the art roofing element. Condensation on the lower layer of the roofing element is decreased since the intermediate layer effectively insulates the lower layer from the temperature conditions outside, as experienced by the upper layer.
Another advantage of the roofing element according to the invention is that it may be attached onto the substructure with one or more sides floating, due to its much higher rigidity than the known element.
With shape-similar elements are meant any two elements, which are identical in shape, and/or any two elements having substantially identical attachment means (5, 6, 7 and 8). The attachment means according to the invention comprise the first projection 5 and second projection 6 with their enclosed space 7, and protruding portion 8.
The first side of the roofing element is preferably defined as the side which, when in place on a tilted roof, faces downward to the rim of the roof (the front end of the element). This is also the side a person faces when standing on the ground and looking upwards to the roof. The second side is preferably defined as the side opposite to the first side. This corresponds to the rear end of the element, when the first side corresponds to the front end. When in place on a roof, this second side preferably faces the ridge of the roof.
The sheet material of the element according to the invention may be any material with sufficient flexural stiffness. Under sufficient flexural stiffness is understood a flexural stiffness comparable to the flexural stiffness of a metal sheet of about 50 μm. Suitable materials are plastic materials, for instance polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene and/or polypropylene, styrene polymers such as polystyrene and/or copolymers thereof such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyamides, polycarbonates and the like. Thermosetting materials may also be used such as for instance unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, and polyurethanes. All of these polymeric materials may be reinforced with fibres, such as glass, aramid, carbon, and/or ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibres. Sufficient flexural stiffness of the sheet material may also be achieved by providing the upper and lower layer of the roofing element with ribs. Preferably the sheet material of the element according to the invention is made of a metal. Suitable metals are for instance steel, aluminium, zinc, copper or alloys thereof. Most preferred is steel. The steel sheet may be used as such, but preferably a steel sheet is used provided with a protecting zinc or aluminium coating. The metal sheet preferably has a thickness in the range of 50 μm-2 cm, more preferably 100-800 μm, still more preferably 300-600 μm, in order to obtain a roofing element having sufficient strength and rigidity, the weight of which is not becoming excessively large. Metal sheet of a thickness between 300-600 μm may be easily moulded into the desired shape, without thereto having to heat the sheet or to use excessively high pressures. The upper and/or the lower layer of the element according to the invention preferably are made of a multilayer material comprising at least two metal sheets and in between a polymer film material, such as described in WO 0015924. This provides for an improved heat and/or sound isolation.
The roofing element of the invention may be provided with a coloured finishing coating if so desired, in order to give the element the appearance of a normal tiled roof as well as possible.
The insulating material of the intermediate layer of the invented roof element may be any material with heat and/or sound isolating properties. Suitable materials are for instance foams of polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR) and/or polyisocyanurate (PIR). Of these PUR and/or PIR is the preferred foam material, due to its particular properties and ease of application. It is also possible to use so called syntactic foams, i.e. polymeric materials filled with hollow particles, such as glass beads and the like.
The two sheet layers and the intermediate layer must be bonded to each other to provide the necessary properties. With ‘bonded thereto’ is understood that after a roofing element has been produced the intermediate layer has, at least where it filled the space between the upper and lower layers, an intimate contact with the two skin layers of the element, meaning that no substantial pockets or air (in the order of several cm) are present between skin and core. Bonding should be such as to allow skin and core to mechanically cooperate with each other. Of course the exact degree of bonding depends on other factors such as the specific chemistry of the foam material, the surface roughness and material of the skin sheets, specific processing circumstances, and the like.
The invention also relates to a method of exterior sheathing a roof with a plurality of roofing elements according to the invention onto a previously provided roofing element support structure, and comprises substantially of repeating the steps of positioning a first roofing element on the support structure, securing said element onto the support structure by attaching its first projection (5) onto the support structure, positioning a second roofing element by hooking protrusion (8) of the second element under a suitable angle under second projection (6) and into open space (7) of the first element, and rotating the second element into its final position, coplanar with the first element, whereby the final position is intermediate a first final position, corresponding to an engagement of overhang (6a) of the first element with surface (8c) of protrusion (8) of the second element, and a second final position, corresponding to an engagement of rear surface (8a) of the second element with the front surface (4a) of the first element, where after the second element is optionally secured to the support structure by attaching its protrusion portion (5) to the support structure.
The roofing element support structure may be any suitable structure able to be applied onto a roof. Suitable support structures may be continuous surfaces of wood and/or metal. A typical support structure consists for instance of a plurality of wooden beams running vertically from the ridge to the lower edge of the roof, and beams running horizontally to form a crosswise network of beams. The distance between the beams (and therefore the density of the beam network) is usually adapted to the dimensions of the roofing tiles or elements to be applied to the roof. An advantage of the roofing element according to the invention is that the density of the beam network can be low, thereby saving material and working time. Indeed the roofing element according to the invention has such low weight that it can have lateral (with respect to the roof) dimensions of up to 1-2 meters wide, incorporating the shape of up to 5-10 contiguous roof tiles. Moreover the roofing element according to the invention provides a stiffness, which allows to span distances of for instance 1-2 meters easily. Therefore, even if one uses roofing elements of for instance 1 m wide, and a support structure with beams about 2 m apart, it is possible by overlapping the roofing elements over a part of their side surfaces to obtain a sturdy overlay roof.
Preferably the method of exterior sheathing a roof with a plurality of roofing elements according to the invention is characterized by not securing the second element to the support structure by attaching its protrusion portion (5) to the support structure. In this way substantial working time is saved. Also there is now no need to have a supporting horizontal beam at every securing position. Securing every roofing element is possible with the roofing elements of the invention since by ‘clicking’ every second element into a first element, all roofing elements will eventually form a continuous structural roof structure providing its own flexural stiffness.
The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of a roofing element according to the invention, whereby a mould is provided with two separable and heatable mould halves with at least one inlet port for accepting foamable material and at least one venting port to allow air to escape from the mould, whereby at least two layers of preformed sheet material are laid into the mould with their protruding portions outside of the mould and such that an intermediate open space to accept the foamable material is created between them, where after the mould is closed, foamable material is injected into the mould, the foamable material is allowed to expand and harden, where after the mould is opened and the finished roofing element is removed.
The heatable mould halves have substantially the same shape as the preformed sheet materials, although slight variations may be possible. Although not necessary, heating means may be provided to be able to harden out the foamable intermediate material more expediently. These heating means, which may be electrical, and/or based on circulating water, oil, or the like, are provided according to well-known practices. The mould is provided with at least one inlet port for receiving the stream of foamable material. At least one venting port is provided at a downstream location with respect to the inlet port. This venting port serves to evacuate substantially all air entrapped inside the mould prior to and during injection of the foamable material. Typically two layers of preformed sheet material are laid into the mould. However it is possible to provide more layers of sheet material if necessary. Preforming of the sheet materials is done in a separate well-known process step, described for instance in WO 0015924. Typically to perform the sheet material, it is cut to size from the roll and then heated in a furnace during a pre-determined time where after it is compression moulded in a press to the desired shape. After demoulding and optionally some edge trimming if necessary, the shaped sheet is ready to be processed further, according to the method of the invention.
A preferred process for the manufacture of a roofing element according to the invention is a process whereby the volume of the injected foam material is chosen such that its volume under free expansion is at least 5%, preferably 10% larger than the volume of the space to be filled by the foam material. In this way, a better bond between core and facing layers is obtained.
The roofing element and the method of exterior sheathing a roof with the roofing elements according to the invention are further elucidated by means of the attached figures, without however being limited thereto.
Referring now to
The first and second projection portions 5 and 6 preferably extend over substantially the entire width of the element. However it is also possible that they extend over part of the width of the element only. It is likewise possible that the first and/or the second projection portion actually form a plurality of first and second projection portions with limited width, spaced along the width direction of the roofing element.
First and second projection portions 5 and 6 enclose an open space 7 between the two layers 2 and 3, which open space 7 is to receive the rear part of a second roofing element according to the invention, in order to interlock the two elements. The rear part of the roofing element according to the invention comprises a protruding portion 8 with a front surface 8c. The second projection portion 6 of the front part of an element is preferably provided with an overhang 6a, which can cooperate with surface 8c to provide a fit of two adjacent elements. The first projection portion 5 of lower layer 3 is used to attach the roofing element to the roof substructure. First projection portion 5 is preferably formed by folding back the lower layer of sheet metal over some distance from its free edge onto itself and folding the rim at least over some distance upwards to form an upstanding part 5a. This part 5a preferably extends into the foam core and secures a solid connection between lower layer 3 and the foam core 4. Also, in this way the first projection portion 5 forms a solid connection of the roofing element to the roof substructure. The roofing element can be secured to the roof substructure by all possible attaching means. It is for instance possible to glue the roofing element with its first projection portion 5 onto the roof substructure. Nailing the roofing element with its first projection portion 5 onto the roof substructure however is the preferred method.
A suitable and preferred manner by which two elements 1 and 2 are attached on the roof and to each other is illustrated in
b and 3c show two roofing elements 1 and 2 according to the invention in an engaged final position. In
After securing a second element 2 onto a first element 1 as described above the second element is optionally secured to the support structure by attaching its protrusion portion 5 to the support structure. Attaching the second element to the roof structure is optional since the specific way the roofing elements of the invention are secured to each other allows locking the second element substantially free into the first element.
Another preferred embodiment according to the invention is depicted in
According to the invention, the term roofing element not only relates to the element corresponding to a roof tile, and intended for the construction of a roofing, as described above, but also to any additional and related accessories, such as for example the upper tile, the ridge tile, the sidings, etc.
To manufacture the roofing element according to the invention, mostly a steel sheet rolled into a bobbin is used for one or both of the skin layers 2 and 3. The steel sheets are typically first preformed into their desired shape by heating and compression moulding according to well-known practice. Suitable shapes for the upper layer of sheet material include substantially flat and corrugated shapes, which may extend parallel to the lower layer or have some angle with respect to the lower layer of the element. A preferred shape for the upper layer is a plurality of contiguous roof tiles with side portions engageable upon each other, such as shown in
After the hardening time recommended by the supplier of the foamable material has expired, the mould is opened and the roofing element removed from the mould where after it is cooled to room temperature.
Another suitable method to manufacture the roofing element according to the invention comprises all steps as described above. To create the channels 4b in the foamed core of the sandwich, metal pins are inserted into the mould from the outside through the mould wall at the desired locations. Prior to demoulding these pins are first removed.
Another suitable method to manufacture the roofing element according to the invention comprises providing at least two skin layers of shape and nature, as described above, and a preformed core foam, with an upper face shaped to coincide with the upper layer shape, and a lower face shaped to accommodate the lower layer, and with overall length and width dimensions smaller than those of upper and lower skin, as to form the attachment means according to the invention. The foam core is then bonded to either upper or lower layer with a suitable adhesive, where after the as yet unbonded skin layer is bonded to the foam core.
Two preformed steel sheets, each having a thickness of 0.3 mm and being coated with a zinc-aluminium coating are placed into a mould with their coating facing the mould surface. Components A and B of polyurethane foamable material supplied by Nestaan Holland BV of Tholen, The Netherlands, is prepared according to the instructions of the supplier by mixing 100 parts of A and 100 parts of B. The mixed polyurethane foamable material is injected into the closed mould at a temperature of 25° C. (room temperature), using a common injection unit, at an injection speed of 300 g/min. After about 5 minutes the mould is opened and the finished roofing element removed from the mould. The polyurethane foam had a density in the formed panel of about 45 kg/m3. The dimensions of the moulded panel were approximately 37 cm wide and 150 cm high. The distance between upper and lower sheet varied linearly from 2.5 cm at the rear end to 5.5 cm at the front end.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 04447041.7 | Feb 2004 | EP | regional |
