Isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives and their use as microbicides

[0001] The present invention relates to novel isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives, to processes for their preparation and to their use as microbicides.

[0002] It has already been known that certain isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives can be employed for the control of plant pests (see JP-A 59 024/1993, DE-A 1 97 50 011 and DE-A 197 50 012). The fungicidal activity of such known compounds, however, is not always satisfactory.

[0003] There have now been found novel isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula

[0004] wherein

[0005] A represents an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom or a group of the formula

[0006] in which

[0007] R1 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl or 2-hydroxyethyl,

[0008] Q represents a group selected from

[0009] in which

[0010] R2 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C7-9 aralkyl or phenoxymethyl, which may be substituted by C1-4 alkoxy-carbonyl, and

[0011] R3 represents phenyl, optionally substituted by halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 haloalkyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, cyano, oxydimethylene and/or nitro,

[0012] or represents naphthyl,

[0013] k represents 0 or 1, and

[0014] Z represents a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C3-6 cycloalkoxy, C2-4 alkenyl, phenyl, halophenyl, oxo and/or spiro-bonded C3-6 alicyclic groups, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene or cyclohexene ring, or

[0015] Z represents a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one sulphur atom, wherein each of the heterocyclic rings may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and/or oxo, or

[0016] Z represents cyano or a group selected from

[0017] in which

[0018] R4 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, benzyl or phenyl, the last two radicals being optionally substituted by one to three radicals selected from halogen and/or C1-4 alkyl, or

[0019] R4 represents tetrazol-5-yl-thiomethyl, which may be substituted by C1-4 alkyl,

[0020] R5 represents formyl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl, 3-4-dichloroisothiazol-5-yl-carbonyl, C1-4 alkylsulphonyl or phenylsulphonyl or

[0021] R5 represents phenylcarbonyl, optionally substituted by one to three radicals selected from halogen and C1-4 alkyl,

[0022] R6 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, benzyl, halogen-substituted benzyl, phenyl, halogen-substituted phenyl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl, benzoyl, C1-4 haloalkyl-substituted benzoyl, phenylcarbamoyl or C1-4 haloalkyl-substituted phenylcarbamoyl,

[0023] R7 represents C1-4 alkyl, benzyl or phenyl the last two radicals being optionally substituted by one to three radicals selected from C1-4 alkyl and/or halogen, or

[0024] R7 represents tetrazol-5-yl or

[0025] R7 represents thiadiazol-2-yl optionally substituted by C1-4 alkyl or phenyl, or

[0026] R7 represents 2-thiazoline-2-yl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl or benzoyl,

[0027] m represents 0, 1 or 2, and

[0028] R8 represents C1-4 alkyl,

[0029] or, in case

[0030] A represents a

[0031] group, then

[0032] R1, Q and Z may represent a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group comprising 1-3 nitrogen atoms and being optionally substituted by one to three radicals selected from C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, hydroxy, oxo, hydroxymethyl or phenyl, which in turn may be substituted by halogen and/or C1-4 alkyl, or

[0033] -(Q)k-Z represents a group selected from

[0034] wherein

[0035] n represents 1 or 2,

[0036] R9 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-4 alkyl,

[0037] R10 represents a hydrogen atom, hydroxymethyl or benzyl which may be substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms,

[0038] R11 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-4 alkyl or phenyl,

[0039] R12 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-4 alkyl or phenyl, or two of the R12 radicals, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, may form a 5- or 6-membered hydrocarbon ring, and

[0040] R13 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-9 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C7-8 arylalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy-C1-4 alkyl or di-(C1-4 alkoxy)-methyl, or the two R13 radicals, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C5-6 alicyclic ring which is optionally substituted by C1-4 alkyl, or

[0041] -A-(Q)k-Z represent —SH or a group of the formula

[0042] in which

[0043] R9 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0044] R14 represents C1-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or hydroxy-substituted C2-4 alkyl, and

[0045] j represents 2, 3 or 4,

[0046] or, in case

[0047] A represents

[0048] Q represents

[0049] and

[0050] Z represents

[0051] these

[0052] radicals together may represent a group of the formula

[0053] in which

[0054] R15 and R16 independently of one another represent C1-4 alkyl or phenyl or

[0055] R15 and R16 together with the nitrogen atom, to which they are bonded, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group comprising at least one nitrogen atom or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom,

[0056] with the proviso that

[0057] in case

[0058] Q represents a group of the formula

[0059] then

[0060] A represents

[0061] wherein

[0062] R17 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-4 alkyl, and

[0063] Z represents cyano,

[0064] and in case

[0065] Q represents a group of the formula

[0066] then

[0067] A represents —NH and

[0068] Z represents cyano

[0069] and in case

[0070] -(Q)k-Z represents 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, then

[0071] A represents a sulphur atom or a group of the formula

[0072] and in case

[0073] -(Q)k-Z represents 2-hydroxyethyl and

[0074] A represents a group of the formula

[0075] then

[0076] R1 represents C1-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl or 2-hydroxyethyl,

[0077] and in case

[0078] A represents a group of the formula

[0079] then

[0080] Q represents —CH2— and

[0081] Z represents a group of the formula

[0082] in which

[0083] R4 represents a hydrogen atom, benzyl or phenyl, the last two radicals being optionally substituted by halogen and/or C1-4 alkyl, and

[0084] R5 represents formyl,

[0085] and with the further proviso that

[0086] Z does not represent cyano or a group selected from

[0087] A is oxygen or sulphur and

[0088] k is o.

[0089] Further, it has been found that isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (I) can be prepared by several processes. Thus,

[0090] a) the compound of the formula (I), in which

[0091] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0092] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide of the formula

[0093] with the formylamine of the formula

[0094] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of a catalyst, or

[0095] b) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0096] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0097] in which

[0098] R1b represents a hydrogen atom or C1-4 alkyl,

[0099] R2b represents a hydrogen atom or C1-4 haloalkyl and

[0100] Zb represents a group selected from

—OR6, —SR7, —SO2—R7 and

[0101] in which

[0102] R4, R5, R6 and R7 have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0103] can be prepared by reacting isothiazole derivatives of the formula

[0104] in which

[0105] R1b and R2b have the above-mentioned meanings and

[0106] X is chloro or bromo,

[0107] with compounds of the formula

M-Zb (V)

[0108] in which

[0109] Zb has the above-mentioned meanings and

[0110] M represents a hydrogen atom, lithium, sodium or potassium,

[0111] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent and, if appropriate, in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, or

[0112] c) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0113] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0114] in which

[0115] R1b and R8 have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0116] can be prepared by reacting isothiazole derivatives of the formula

[0117] in which

[0118] R1b and X have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0119] with phosphorous compounds of the formula

P(OR8)3 (VI)

[0120] in which

[0121] R8 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0122] in the presence of an inert diluent, or

[0123] d) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0124] -A(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

-Ad-CH2-Zd,

[0125] in which

[0126] Ad represents

[0127] or a sulphur atom, wherein

[0128] R1 has the above-mentioned meanings, and

[0129] Zd represents a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, phenyl or

[0130] Zd represents a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one sulphur atom, wherein each of the heterocyclic rings may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and/or oxo or

[0131] Zd represents a group selected from

[0132] —OR6 a —SR7

[0133] in which

[0134] R4, R5, R6 and R7 have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0135] can be prepared by reacting isothiazole derivatives of the formula

[0136] in which

[0137] Ad has the above-mentioned meaning,

[0138] with chloromethyl compounds of the formula

Cl—CH2-Zd (VIII)

[0139] in which

[0140] Zd has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0141] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent, or

[0142] e) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0143] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0144] in which

[0145] R2 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0146] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide of the formula

[0147] with formyl compounds of the formula

R2—CHO (IX)

[0148] in which

[0149] R2 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0150] and with 1H-benzotriazole of the formula

[0151] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of a catalyst, or

[0152] f) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0153] -A-(Q)k-Z represents —SH or a group selected from

[0154] in which

[0155] A, Q, Z, j, k, n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R9, R10, R11, R12 and R14 have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0156] Zf1 represents a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen, CIA alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, phenyl, halophenyl, oxo and/or spiro-bonded C3-6 alicyclic groups, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene or cyclohexene ring, or

[0157] Zf1 represents a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen, or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one sulphur atom, wherein each of the heterocyclic rings may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and/or oxo,

[0158] Zf2 represents a 5-membered heterocyclic group comprising 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms, which heterocycle may be substituted by C1-4 alkyl and/or oxo, and

[0159] R5r represents formyl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl or phenylcarbonyl, this latter radical being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from halogen and C1-4 alkyl,

[0160] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbonyl chloride of the formula

[0161] with compounds of the formula

M-Y1 (XII)

[0162] in which

[0163] M has the above-mentioned meanings and

[0164] Y1 represents —SH or a group selected from

[0165] in which

[0166] A, Q, Z, j, k, n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R9, R10, R11, R12, R14, Zf1, Zf2, and R5f have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0167] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent, or

[0168] g) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0169] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group selected from

[0170] in which

[0171] Zf1, j, n, R2, R3, R9, R10, R11, R12, R14 and R5f have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0172] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxylic acid esters of the formula

[0173] in which

[0174] Rg represents C1-4 alkyl

[0175] with compounds of the formula

H—Y2 (XIV)

[0176] in which

[0177] Y2 represents a group selected from

[0178] in which

[0179] Zf1, j, n, R2, R3, R9, R10, R11, R12, R14, and R5f have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0180] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent, or

[0181] h) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0182] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0183] in which

[0184] Rh1 represents phenyl optionally substituted by halogen and/or C1-4 alkyl,

[0185] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohydrazide of the formula

[0186] with compounds of the formula

[0187] in which

[0188] Rh1 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0189] Rh2 represents C1-4 alkyl and

[0190] Rh3 represents cyano or —COORh2,

[0191] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent and, if appropriate, in the presence of a catalyst, or

[0192] i) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0193] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0194] in which

[0195] R11 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-4 alkyl or represents phenyl $ optionally substituted by halogen and/or C1-4 alkyl and

[0196] R12 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-4 alkyl,

[0197] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohydrazide of the formula

[0198] with compounds of the formula

[0199] in which

[0200] R11 and R12 have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0201] in the presence of an inert diluent and, it appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent, or

[0202] j) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0203] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0204] in which

[0205] R3 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0206] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohydrazide of the formula

[0207] with compounds of the formula

[0208] in which

[0209] R3 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0210] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of a catalyst, or

[0211] k) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0212] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0213] in which

[0214] R1, R2 and R7 have the above-mentioned meanings and

[0215] p denotes 1 or 2,

[0216] can be prepared by reacting isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula

[0217] in which

[0218] R1, R2 and R7 have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0219] with oxidizing agents, which are suitable for providing oxygen, in the presence of an inert diluent, or

[0220] l) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0221] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0222] in which

[0223] R15 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0224] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide of the formula

[0225] with compounds of the formula

[0226] in which

[0227] R15 has the above-mentioned meanings and

[0228] T1 represents C1-4 alkoxy,

[0229] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of a catalyst, or

[0230] m) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0231] -(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0232] in which

[0233] R9, R12 and n have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0234] can be prepared by reacting isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula

[0235] in which

[0236] R9, R12 and n have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0237] with oxidizing agents, which are suitable for providing oxygen, in the presence of water and, if appropriate, in the presence of an inert organic diluent, or

[0238] n) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0239] -(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0240] in which

[0241] R9, R12, R13 and n have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0242] can be prepared by reacting isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula

[0243] in which

[0244] A, n, R9 and R12 have the above-mentioned meanings,

[0245] with carbonyl derivatives of formula

[0246] in which

[0247] R13 has the above-mentioned meanings and

[0248] T2 represents C1-4 alkoxy or the two T2-radicals together represent an oxo group,

[0249] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid catalyst, or

[0250] o) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0251] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0252] in which

[0253] R3 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0254] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide of the formula

[0255] with cyano compounds of the formula

[0256] in which

[0257] R3 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0258] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent, or

[0259] p) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0260] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0261] in which

[0262] R1b has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0263] R2p represents a hydrogen atom or C1-4 haloalkyl and

[0264] R6p represents a hydrogen atom or C1-4 alkyl,

[0265] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole derivatives of the formula

[0266] in which

[0267] R1b has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0268] with compounds of the formula

[0269] in which

[0270] R2p has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0271] T3 represents hydroxy and

[0272] T4 represents C1-4 alkoxy or

[0273] T3 and T4 together represent and oxo group,

[0274] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent, or

[0275] q) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0276] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0277] in which

[0278] R1b has the above-mentioned meanings and

[0279] R6q represents C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl or benzoyl, which may be substituted by C1-4 haloalkyl

[0280] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole derivatives of the formula

[0281] in which

[0282] R1b has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0283] with chloro-substituted compounds of the formula

Cl—R6q (XXIV)

[0284] in which

[0285] R6q has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0286] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent, or

[0287] r) compounds of the formula (I), in which

[0288] -A-(Q)k-Z represents a group of the formula

[0289] in which

[0290] R1b has the above-mentioned meanings and

[0291] R6r represents phenylcarbamoyl or C1-4 haloalkyl-substituted phenylcarbamoyl

[0292] can be prepared by reacting 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole derivatives of the formula

[0293] in which

[0294] R1b has the above-mentioned meanings, with isocyanates of the formula

O═C═N—Rr (XXV)

[0295] in which

[0296] Rr represents phenyl or C1-4 haloalkyl-substituted phenyl,

[0297] in the presence of an inert diluent and, if appropriate, in the presence of an acid binding agent and, if appropriate, in the presence of a base catalyst.

[0298] Finally, it has been found that the isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (I) are outstandingly active as microbicides in agriculture and horticulture, particularly as fungicides for the direct control of plant diseases or for causing resistance in plants against plant pathogens.

[0299] Surprisingly, the isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (I) according to the invention have a much better microbicidal activity than the already known compounds, which are structurally most similar and have the same type of action.

[0300] In the present context, “halogen” represents fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

[0301] “Alkyl” represents straight-chain or branched groups, such as methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, tert-amyl, pentan-3-yl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl and n-hexadecyl etc.

[0302] “Alkoxy” represents straight-chain or branched groups, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n- or iso-propoxy, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butoxy etc.

[0303] “Cycloalkyl” represents cyclic alkyl groups and includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl etc.

[0304] “Haloalkyl” represents straight-chain or branched alkyl groups, which are substituted with one or more halogen atoms, preferably fluoro, chloro and/or bromo. As examples there may be mentioned difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 3-chloropropyl, 3-bromopropyl, 1-chloropropan-2-yl, 1-bromopropan-2-yl, 1,3-difluoropropan-2-yl, 2,3-dibromopropyl, 2,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl etc.

[0305] “Haloalkoxy” represents straight-chain or branched alkoxy groups, which are substituted with one or more halogen atoms, preferably fluoro, chloro and/or bromo.

[0306] As examples there may be mentioned difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, 3-chloropropoxy etc.

[0307] “Alkenyl” represents straight-chain or branched groups and includes, for example, vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl etc.

[0308] “Aralkyl” represents groups of this type comprising a straight-chain or branched alkyl group and includes, for example, benzyl, 2-phenethyl, α-methylbenzyl, α,α-dimethylbenzyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 3-phenylpropyl, c-ethyl-benzyl etc.

[0309] A “5- to 7-membered heterocyclic groups” represents a 5-membered, 6-membered or 7-membered saturated heterocylic group, or a 5-membered unsaturated heterocyclic group, or a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having 1-4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.

[0310] As “5-membered, 6-membered or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic groups” there may be mentioned monovalent groups, such as pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, oxazolidine, thiazolidine, piperidine, tetrahydropyran, piperazine, morpholine, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, hexamethyleneimine etc. These heterocyclic groups may be substituted with one or more radicals selected from hydroxy, halogen (for example, fluoro, chloro, bromo etc.), oxo, thioxo, alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, sec-, iso-, or tert-butyl etc.), alkoxy (methoxy, ethoxy, n- or iso-propoxy etc.), alkylthio (methylthio, ethylthio, n- or iso-propylthio etc.), alkoxyalkyl (methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl etc.) or alkylthioalkyl (methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl etc.), and in case of two or more substituents, they may be identical or different.

[0311] As “5-membered unsaturated heterocyclic groups” there may be mentioned monovalent groups, such as 2-pyrroline, 2-pyrazoline, 3-pyrazoline, 2-imidazoline, 2-oxazoline etc. These heterocyclic groups may be substituted with one or more radicals selected from hydroxy, halogen (for example, fluoro, chloro, bromo etc.), oxo, thioxo, alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, sec-, iso-, or tert-butyl etc.), alkoxy (methoxy, ethoxy, n- or iso-propoxy etc.), alkylthio (for example, methylthio, ethylthio, n- or iso-propylthio etc.), alkoxyalkyl (for example, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl etc.) or alkylthioalkyl (for example, methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl etc.), and in case of two or more substituents, they may be identical or different.

[0312] As “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic groups” there may be mentioned monovalent groups such as furan, pyrrole, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, tetrazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine etc.

[0313] These heterocyclic groups may be substituted with one or more radicals selected from hydroxy, oxo, thioxo, cyano, nitro, halogen (for example, fluoro, chloro, bromo etc.), alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, sec-, iso-, or tert-butyl etc.), alkoxy (for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n- or iso-propoxy etc.), alkylthio (for example, methylthio, ethylthio, n- or iso-propylthio etc.), haloalkyl (for example, trifluoromethyl etc.), haloalkoxy (for example, trifluoromethoxy etc.), cyanoalkyl (for example, cyanomethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, 1-cyanopropyl etc.), alkoxycarbonyl (for example, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl etc.), alkoxyalkyl (for example, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl etc.) or alkylthioalkyl (for example, methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethy etc.), and in case of two or more substituents, they may be identical or different.

[0314] A “benzo-condensed 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic group” represents a benzo-condensed hetero cyclic ring of any of the above-mentioned groups identified as “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” and includes monovalent groups selected from benzo[b]thiophene, benzothiazole, benzoimidazole, benzotriazole, quinoline etc. These benzo-condensed heterocyclic groups may be substituted with one or more radicals selected from cyano, nitro, halogen (for example, fluoro, chloro, bromo etc.), alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, sec-, iso-, or tert-butyl etc.), alkoxy (for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n- or iso-propoxy etc.), alkylthio (for example, methylthio, ethylthio, n- or iso-propylthio etc.), alkoxyalkyl (for example, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl etc.) or alkylthioalkyl (for example, methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl etc.), and in case of two or more substituents, they may be identical or different.

[0315] Formula (I) provides a general definition of the isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives according to the invention. Preferred compounds of the formula (I) are those, in which

[0316] A represents an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom or a group of the formula

[0317] in which

[0318] R1 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-3 alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or 2-hydroxyethyl,

[0319] Q represents a group selected from

[0320] in which

[0321] R2 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine atoms, C7-8 aralkyl or phenoxymethyl, which may be mono- or di-substituted by C1-3 alkoxy-carbonyl, and

[0322] R3 represents phenyl, which may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, C1-3 alkyl, haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine atoms, C1-3 alkoxy, haloalkoxy with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine atoms, phenoxy, benzyloxy, cyano and/or nitro, or may be mono-substituted by oxydimethylene, or represents naphthyl,

[0323] k represents 0 or 1, and

[0324] Z represents a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted by up to 3 substituents selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C1-3 alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy, haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine atoms, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, C3-4 alkenyl, phenyl and/or halophenyl comprising 1 to 3 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may also be mono- or disubstituted by oxo or spiro-bonded C3-5 alicyclic groups, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene or cyclohexene ring, or

[0325] Z represents a 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one sulphur atom, wherein each of the heterocyclic rings may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from C1-3 alkyl and/or phenyl, and may also be substituted by 1 or 2 oxo groups, or

[0326] Z represents cyano or a group selected from

—O—R6, —S(O)m—R7 and

[0327] in which

[0328] R4 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-3 alkyl, benzyl or phenyl, the last two radicals being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine, methyl and/or ethyl, or

[0329] R4 represents tetrazol-5-yl-thiomethyl, which may be substituted by C1-3 alkyl,

[0330] R5 represents formyl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl, 3,4-dichloroisothiazol-5-ylcarbonyl, C1-2 alkylsulphonyl or phenylsulphonyl or

[0331] R5 represents phenylcarbonyl, optionally substituted by one to three radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine and/or C1-4 alkyl,

[0332] R6 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 fluoroalkyl, or represents benzyl or phenyl, each of which may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine and/or chlorine, or represents acetyl or propionyl, or represents benzoyl or phenylcarbamoyl, each of which may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine atoms,

[0333] R7 represents C1-3 alkyl, benzyl or phenyl the last two radicals being optionally substituted by one to three radicals selected from C1-3 alkyl, fluorine and/or chlorine, or

[0334] R7 represents tetrazol-5-yl or

[0335] R7 represents thiadiazol-2-yl optionally substituted by C1-3 alkyl or phenyl, or

[0336] R7 represents 2-thiazoline-2-yl, C1-2 alkylcarbonyl or benzoyl,

[0337] m represents o or 2, and

[0338] R8 represents methyl or ethyl,

[0339] or, in case

[0340] A represents

[0341] group,

[0342] then

[0343] R1, Q and Z together with the nitrogen atom of the

[0344] group may represent a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group comprising 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from C1-4 alkyl, haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine atoms, hydroxy, oxo, hydroxymethyl and/or phenyl, which in turn may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine and/or C1-3 alkyl, or

[0345] -(Q)k-Z represents a group selected from

[0346] wherein

[0347] n represents 1 or 2,

[0348] R9 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-3 alkyl,

[0349] R10 represents a hydrogen atom, hydroxymethyl or benzyl which may be substituted by 1 to 3 chlorine atoms,

[0350] R11 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or phenyl,

[0351] R12 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-3 alkyl or phenyl, or two of the R12 radicals, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, may form a 5- or 6-membered hydrocarbon ring, and

[0352] R13 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, cyclohexyl, 2-phenethyl, α-methylbenzyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, C1-3 alkoxy-C1-3 alkyl or di(C1-2 alkoxy)methyl, or the two R13 radicals, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C5-6 alicyclic ring which is optionally substituted by C1-3 alkyl, or

[0353] -A-(Q)k-Z represents —SH or a group of the formula

[0354] in which

[0355] R9 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0356] R14 represents C1-3 alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or hydroxy-substituted C2-3 alkyl, and

[0357] j represents 2, 3 or 4,

[0358] or, in case

[0359] A represents

[0360] Q represents

[0361] and

[0362] Z represents

[0363] these

[0364] radicals together may represent a group of the formula

[0365] in which

[0366] R15 and R16 independently of one another represent C1-3 alkyl or phenyl or

[0367] R15 and R16 together with the nitrogen atom, to which they are bonded, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group comprising at least one nitrogen atom or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom,

[0368] with the proviso that

[0369] in case

[0370] Q represents a group of the formula

[0371] then

[0372] A represents

[0373] wherein

[0374] R17 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-3 alkyl, and

[0375] Z represents cyano,

[0376] and in case

[0377] Q represents a group of the formula

[0378] A represents —NH and

[0379] Z represents cyano

[0380] and in case

[0381] -(Q)k-Z represents 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, then

[0382] A represents a sulphur atom or a group of the formula

[0383] and in case

[0384] -(Q)k-Z represents 2 hydroxyethyl and

[0385] A represents a group of the formula

[0386] then

[0387] R1 represents C1-3 alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or 2-hydroxyethyl

[0388] and in case

[0389] A represent a group of the formula

[0390] then

[0391] Q represents —CH2— and

[0392] Z represents a group of the formula

[0393] in which

[0394] R4 represents a hydrogen atom, benzyl or phenyl, the last two radicals being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine, methyl and/or ethyl, and

[0395] R5 represents formyl,

[0396] and with the further provisio that

[0397] Z does not represent cyano or a group selected from

—OR6, —S(O)m—R7 and

[0398] if

[0399] A is oxygen or sulphur and

[0400] k is o.

[0401] Particularly preferred are the compound of the formula (I), in which

[0402] A represents an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom or a group of the formula

[0403] in which

[0404] R1 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or 2-hydroxyethyl,

[0405] Q represents a group selected from

[0406] in which

[0407] R2 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2-phenylethyl or phenoxymethyl, which may be substituted by methoxycarbonyl, and

[0408] R3 represents phenyl, which may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, cyano and/or nitro, or may be mono-substituted by oxydimethylene,

[0409] k represents o or 1, and

[0410] Z represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted by up to 3 substituents selected from fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl and/or phenyl, the latter radical being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may also be mono- or disubstituted by oxo or spiro-bonded C3-5 alicyclic groups, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene or cyclohexene ring, or

[0411] Z represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one sulphur atom, wherein each of the heterocyclic rings may be substituted by 1 to 3 substitutents selected from methyl and/or phenyl, and may also be substituted by 1 or 2 oxo groups, or

[0412] Z represents cyano or a group selected from

—O—R6, S(O)m—R7 and

[0413] in which

[0414] R4 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl, benzyl or phenyl, the last two radicals being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine, methyl and/or ethyl, or

[0415] R4 represents tetrazol-5-yl-thiomethyl, which may be substituted by methyl,

[0416] R5 represents formyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, 3,4-dichloroisothiazol-5-ylcarbonyl, methylsulphonyl or phenylsulphonyl, or

[0417] R5 represents phenylcarbonyl, optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine and/or methyl,

[0418] R6 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl, or represents benzyl or phenyl, each of which may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine and or chlorine, or

[0419] represents benzoyl or phenylcarbamoyl, each of which may be substituted by trifluormethyl, or

[0420] represents acetyl or propionyl,

[0421] R7 represents methyl, ethyl, phenyl or benzyl, the last two radicals being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from methyl, fluorine and/or chlorine, or

[0422] R7 represents tetrazol-5-yl or

[0423] R7 represents thiadiazol-2-yl optionally substituted by methyl or phenyl, or

[0424] R7 represents 2-thiazoline-2-yl, methylcarbonyl or benzoyl,

[0425] m represents o or 2, and

[0426] R8 represents methyl or ethyl,

[0427] or, in case

[0428] A represents a

[0429] group,

[0430] then

[0431] R1, Q and Z together with the nitrogen atom of the

[0432] group may represent a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group comprising 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, oxo, hydroxymethyl and/or phenyl, which in turn may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine and/or methyl, or

[0433] -(Q)k-Z represents a group selected from

[0434] wherein

[0435] n represents 1 or 2,

[0436] R9 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl or ethyl,

[0437] R10 represents a hydrogen atom, hydroxymethyl or benzyl, which may be substituted by chlorine,

[0438] R11 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl or phenyl,

[0439] R12 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl or phenyl, or two of the R12 radicals, together with the atoms to which they are bonded, may form a 5- or 6-membered hydrocarbon ring, and

[0440] R13 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, cyclohexyl, 2-phenethyl, α-methylbenzyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl or dimethoxymethyl, or the two R13 radicals, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C5-6 alicyclic ring which is optionally substituted by C1-3 alkyl, or

[0441] -A-(Q)k-Z represents —SH or a group of the formula

[0442] in which

[0443] R9 has the above-mentioned meanings,

[0444] R14 represents methyl, ethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or hydroxyethyl, and

[0445] j represents 2 or 3,

[0446] or, in case

[0447] A represents

[0448] Q represents

[0449] and

[0450] Z represents

100

[0451] these

[0452] radicals together may represent a group of the formula

101

[0453] in which

[0454] R15 and R16 independently of one another represent methyl, ethyl or phenyl or

[0455] R15 and R16 together with the nitrogen atom, to which they are bonded, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group comprising at least one nitrogen atom or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom,

[0456] with the proviso that

[0457] in case

[0458] Q represents a group of the formula

102

[0459] then

[0460] A represents —NH— or

103

[0461] and

[0462] Z represents cyano,

[0463] and in case

[0464] Q represents a group of the formula

104

[0465] then

[0466] A represents —NH and

[0467] Z represents cyano

[0468] and in case

[0469] -(Q)k-Z represents 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, then

[0470] A represents a sulphur atom or a group of the formula

105

[0471] and in case

[0472] -(Q)k-Z represents 2 hydroxyethyl and

[0473] A represents a group of the formula

106

[0474] then

[0475] R1 represents methyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or 2-hydroxyethyl

[0476] and in case

[0477] A represents a group of the formula

107

[0478] then

[0479] Q represents —CH2 and

[0480] Z represents a group of the formula

108

[0481] in which

[0482] R4 represents a hydrogen atom, benzyl or phenyl, the last two radicals being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine, methyl and/or ethyl, and

[0483] R5 represents formyl,

[0484] and with the further proviso that

[0485] Z does not represent cyano or a group selected from

109

—OR6, —S(O)m—R7 and

110

[0486] if

[0487] A is oxygen or sulphur and

[0488] k is o.

[0489] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide and N-benzyl-N-hydroxymethyl-formamide are used as starting materials, process (a) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following reaction scheme.

111

[0490] If N-chloromethyl-3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxamide and sodium salt of 4-chloro-thiophenol are used as starting materials, process (b) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

112

[0491] If N-chloromethyl-N-methyl-3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide and triethylphosphite are used as starting materials, process (c) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

113

[0492] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide and chloromethyl-methylether are used as starting materials, process (d) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

114

[0493] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide, butyraldehyde and benzotriazole are used as starting materials, process (e) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

115

[0494] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbonyl chloride and N-(1-aminobutyl)-acetamide are used as starting materials, process (f according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

116

[0495] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-methyl carboxylate and 3-amino-1,2-propandiol are used as starting materials, process (g) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

117

[0496] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohydrazide and diethyl (4-chloro-benzylidene)malonate are used as starting materials, process (h) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

118

[0497] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohydrazide and 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenoyl chloride are used as starting materials, process (i) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

119

[0498] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohydrazide and 2-formyl-2-phenylacetonitrile are used as starting materials, process (j) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

120

[0499] If N-phenylthiomethyl-3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide and m-chloroperbenzoic acid are used as starting materials, process (k) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

121

[0500] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal are used as starting materials, process (l) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

122

[0501] If N-alkyl-N-phenyl-3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxamide is used as starting materials and osmium (VIII) oxide is used as oxidizing agent, process (m) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

123

[0502] If N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-caboxamide and acetone dimethylacetal are used as starting materials, process (n) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

124

[0503] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide and 2-chloro-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylimino)-acetonitrile are used as starting materials, process (o) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

125

[0504] If 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide and trifluoroacetaldehyde hemi-ethylacetal are used as starting materials, process (p) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

126

[0505] If N-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide and 4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride are used as starting materials, process (q) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

127

[0506] If N-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate are used as starting materials, process (r) according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formula scheme.

128

[0507] Formula (II) characterizes the 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide, which is required as starting material for carrying out processes (a), (e), (l), (o) and (p) according to the invention. The 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide is known (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,240,951).

[0508] Formula (III) provides a definition of the formylamine, which is also required as starting material for carrying out process (a) according to the invention. This compound is already known (see Synth. Commun. 18 (1988), 425-432). The chemical name of the compound of the formula (III) is N-benzyl-N-hydroxymethylformamide.

[0509] Formula (IV) provides a general definition of the isothiazole derivatives, which are required as starting materials for carrying out process (b) according to the invention. In this formula, R1b preferably represents a hydrogen atom or C1-3 alkyl, R2b preferably represents a hydrogen atom or haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms, and X preferably represents chloro.

[0510] The isothiazole derivatives of the formula (IV) have not yet been described in the literature. They can be prepared by reacting isothiazole derivatives of the formula

129

[0511] wherein

[0512] R1b and R2b have the above-mentioned meanings

[0513] with halogenating agents, such as thionyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl bromide, phosphorus oxybromide and so on.

[0514] The compounds of the above-mentioned formula (XXVI) are compounds included in the aforementioned formula (I) of the present invention and can be easily prepared from the known compounds of the aforementioned formula (XXII) according to the above-mentioned preparation process (p).

[0515] The isothiazole derivatives of the formula (IV), in which R1b and R2b both represent a hydrogen atom can be easily prepared from the compound of the aforementioned formula (XXII) according to the process described in Tetrahedron Letters Vol. 38, p. 7107-7110 (1994).

[0516] The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of isothiazole derivatives of the formula (IV):

[0517] N-Chloromethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide,

[0518] N-chloromethyl-N-methyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide,

[0519] N-(1-chloromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide.

[0520] Formula (V) provides a general definition of the compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (b) according to the invention. In this formula, Zb represents a group of the formula

—OR6, —SR7, —SO2—R7 and

130

[0521] wherein

[0522] R4, R5, R6 and R7 preferably have those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for these radicals.

[0523] M preferably represents a hydrogen atom, lithium or sodium.

[0524] The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of substances of the formula (V):

[0525] 4-chlorophenol,

[0526] thiophenol,

[0527] piperidine,

[0528] sodium benzenesulfinate.

[0529] The compounds of the formula (V) are known.

[0530] Formula (VIa) provides a general definition of the isothiazole derivatives, which are required as starting materials for carrying out process (c) according to the invention. The compounds of this type have already been described in conjuncture with process (b) according to the invention.

[0531] Formula (VI) provides a general definition of the phosphorous compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (c) according to the invention. In this formula, R8 preferably has those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for this radical.

[0532] The phosphorus compounds of the formula (VI) are already known. Triethyl phosphite may be mentioned as an example of a phosphorous compound of the formula (VI).

[0533] Formula (VII) provides a general definition of the isothiazole derivatives, which are required as starting materials for carrying our process (d) according to the invention.

[0534] In this formula,

[0535] Ad represents a sulphur atom or a group of the formula

131

[0536] wherein

[0537] R1 preferably has those meanings, which already been mentioned as preferred for this radical.

[0538] The compound of the formula (VII) in which Ad represents a sulphur atom, is novel and is included in formula (I). It can be prepared by process (f) according to the invention.

[0539] The compounds of the formula (VII), in which Ad represents

132

[0540] are known or can be prepared by known methods (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,240,951).

[0541] The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of isothiazole derivatives of the formula (VII):

[0542] 3,4-Dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide,

[0543] N-methyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide.

[0544] Formula (VIII) provides a general definition of the chloromethyl compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (d) according to the invention. In this formula,

[0545] Zd preferably represents a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted by up to 3 substituents selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C1-3 alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy, haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine, chlorine, and/or bromine atoms, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, C3-4 alkenyl, phenyl and/or halophenyl comprising 1 to 3 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may also be mono- or disubstituted by oxo or spiro-bonded C3-5 alicyclic groups, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene or cyclohexene ring, or

[0546] Zd preferably represents a 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one sulphur atom, wherein each of the heterocyclic rings may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from C1-3 alkyl and/or phenyl, and may also be substituted by 1 or 2 oxo groups, or

[0547] Zd represents cyano or a group selected from

133

—OR6 and —SR7,

[0548] wherein

[0549] R4, R5, R6 and R7 preferably have those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for these radicals.

[0550] Particularly preferred are the chloromethyl compounds of the formula (VIII) in which

[0551] Zd represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted up to 3 substituents selected from fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl and/or phenyl, the latter radical being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may also be mono- or disubstituted by oxo or spiro-bonded C3-5 alicyclic groups, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene or cyclohexene ring, or

[0552] Zd represents a 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one sulphur atom, wherein each of the heterocyclic rings may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from methyl and/or phenyl, and may also be substituted by 1 or 2 oxo groups, or

[0553] Zd represents a group selected from

134

—OR6 and —SR7,

[0554] wherein

[0555] R4, R5, R6 and R7 particularly preferably have those meanings, which have already been mentioned as particularly preferred for these radicals.

[0556] The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of chloromethyl compounds of the formula (VIII):

[0557] N-Chloromethyl-N-methylacetamide,

[0558] chloromethyl methyl ether,

[0559] chloromethyl methyl thioether.

[0560] The chloromethyl compounds of the formula (VII) are known or can be prepared according to known processes (see Tetrahedron Letters 38-(1994) 7107-7110).

[0561] Formula (IX) provides a general definition of the formyl compounds, which are required as starting materials for carrying our process (e) according to the invention. In this formula, R2 preferably has those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for this radical.

[0562] The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of formyl compounds of the formula (IX):

[0563] Formaldehyde

[0564] n-butyraldehyde

[0565] The formyl compounds of the formula (IX) are known.

[0566] 1H-Benzotriazole of the formula (X) is required as reaction component for carrying out process (e) according to the invention. This compound is known too.

[0567] 3,4-Dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbonylchloride of the formula (XI) is required as starting material for carrying out process (f) according to the invention. This compound is also known (see JP-A 59024-1993).

[0568] Formula (XII) provides a general definition of the compounds, which are also required as starting materials for carrying out process (f) according to the invention. In this formula, M preferably has those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for this radical.

[0569] Y1 represents —SH or a group selected from

135

[0570] in which

[0571] A, Q, Z, j, k, n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R9, R10, R11, R12 and R14 preferably have those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for these radicals and indices.

[0572] Zf1 preferably represents a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted by up to 3 substituents selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C1-3 alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy, haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine atoms, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, C3-4 alkenyl, phenyl and/or halophenyl comprising 1 to 3 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may also be mono- or disubstituted by oxo or spiro-bonded C3-5 alicyclic groups, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene or cyclohexene ring, or

[0573] Zf1 preferably represents a 5 to 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one sulphur atom, wherein each of the heterocyclic rings may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from C1-3 alkyl and/or phenyl, and may also be substituted by 1 or 2 oxo groups.

[0574] Zf2 preferably represents a 5-membered heterocyclic group comprising 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms, which heterocycle may be substituted by up to 3 radicals selected from C1-3 alkyl and/or oxo,

[0575] R5f preferably represents formyl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl or represents phenylcarbonyl, optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine and/or C1-4 alkyl.

[0576] Zf1 particularly preferably represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted by up to 3 substituents selected from fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl and/or phenyl, the latter radical being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may also be mono- or disubstituted by oxo or spiro-bonded C3-5 alicyclic groups, and wherein the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene or cyclohexene ring, or

[0577] Zf1 particularly preferably represents a 5 or 6-membered heterocylic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, or comprising at least one nitrogen atom and one sulphur atom, wherein each of the heterocyclic rings may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from methyl and/or phenyl, and may also be substituted by 1 or 2 oxo groups.

[0578] Zf2 particularly preferably represents a 5-membered heterocyclic group comprising 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms, which heterocycle may be substituted by up to 3 radicals selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and/or oxo.

[0579] R5f particularly preferably represents formyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or

[0580] represents phenylcarbonyl, optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine and/or methyl.

[0581] The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of compounds of the formula (XII):

[0582] Hydrogen sulfide,

[0583] N-(1-aminobutyl)acetamide,

[0584] N-(2-cyano-2-phenylvinyl)-N-methylhydrazine,

[0585] 5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazolone,

[0586] 2-aminomethyl-1-methylpyrrolidine,

[0587] N-allylaniline,

[0588] N,N-dimethylethylenediamine,

[0589] 1-hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole,

[0590] 1-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one,

[0591] 3-hydroxy-1-methylpyrrolidin-2,5-dione,

[0592] b is (2-hydroxyethyl)amine,

[0593] allylamine,

[0594] 3-amino-1,2-propanediol.

[0595] The compounds of the formula (XII) are known or can be prepared by known processes (see J. Org. Chem. 55 (1990), 2206-2214).

[0596] Formula (XIII) provides a general definition of the 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxylic acid esters, which are required as starting materials for carrying out process (g) according to the invention. In this formula R9 preferably represents methyl or ethyl. Thus, the following compounds may be mentioned as examples of esters of the formula (XIII):

[0597] Methyl 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxylate,

[0598] ethyl 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxylate.

[0599] The esters of the formula (XIII) ate known (see JP-A 59024-1993).

[0600] Formula (XIV) provides a general definition of the compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (g) according to the invention. In this formula

[0601] Y2 represents a group selected from

136

[0602] in which

[0603] Zf1, j, n, R2, R3. R9, R10, R11, R12, R14 and R5f preferably have the meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for these radicals and indices.

[0604] The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of compounds of the formula (XIV):

[0605] 2-Aminomethyl-1-methylpyrrolidine,

[0606] N-methylethylenediamine,

[0607] 2-aminopropanol,

[0608] 3-amino-1,2-propanediol,

[0609] allylamine.

[0610] As already mentioned above, the compounds of the formula (XIV) are known or can be prepared by known processes.

[0611] 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohydrazide of the formula (XV) is required as starting material for carrying out processes (h), (i) and (j) according to the invention. This compound is already known (see DE-A 2 634 053).

[0612] Formula (XVI) provides a general definition of the compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (h) according to the invention. In this formula

[0613] Rh1 preferably represents phenyl, which may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine and/or C1-3 alkyl,

[0614] Rh2 preferably represents methyl or ethyl and

[0615] Rh3 preferably represents cyano, methoxycarbonyl or ethoxycarbonyl.

[0616] Diethyl 4-chlorophenyl-ethylidene-malonate may be mentioned as an example of a compound of the formula (XVI).

[0617] The compounds of the formula (XVI) are known or can be prepared by known processes (see Organic Reactions 15, 204-599).

[0618] Formula (XVII) provides a general definition of the compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (i) according to the invention. In this formula

[0619] Ri1 preferably represents a hydrogen atom C1-4 alkyl or represents phenyl, which may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals selected from fluorine, chlorine and C1-3 alkyl, and

[0620] Ri2 preferably represents a hydrogen atom or C1-4 alkyl.

[0621] 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenoyl chloride may be mentioned as an example of the compounds of the formula (XVII).

[0622] The compounds of the formula (XVII) are known or can be prepared by known processes (see SHIN JIKKEN KAGAKU KOUZA (New Lecture of Experimental Chemistry), Vol. 14, p. 1104-1120, published by Maruzen).

[0623] Formula (XVIII) provides a general definition of the compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (j) according to the invention. In this formula, R3 preferably has those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for this radical.

[0624] 2-Formyl-2-phenylacetonitrile may be mentioned as an example of the compounds of the formula (XVIII).

[0625] The compounds of the formula (XVIII) are known or can be prepared by known processes (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,209,621).

[0626] For carrying out process (k) according to the invention, isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (Ia) are required as starting materials. In this formula, R1, R2 and R7 preferably have those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for these radicals.

[0627] N-Phenyl-mercaptomethyl-3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide may be mentioned as an example of the compounds of the formula (Ia).

[0628] The compounds of the formula (Ia) can be prepared by processes (b) and (d) according to the invention.

[0629] Suitable oxidizing agents for carrying out process (k) according to the invention are hydrogen peroxide and m-chloro-perbenzoic acid.

[0630] Formula (XIX) provides a general definition of the compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (l) according to the invention. In this formula, R15 preferably has those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for this radical. T1 preferably represents methoxy or ethoxy.

[0631] Dimethylformamide dimethylacetal may be mentioned as an example of the compounds of the formula (XIX).

[0632] The compounds of the formula (XIX) are known or can be prepared by known processes (see Chem. Ber. 89 (1956), 2060; Chem. Ber. 96 (1963), 1350; Chem. Ber. 101 (1968), 41; Chem. Ber. 104 (1971), 3475 and Liebigs Ann. Chem. 641 (1961), 1).

[0633] For carrying out process (m) according to the invention, isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (Ib) are required as starting materials. In this formula, A, R9, R12 and n preferably have those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for these radicals and this index.

[0634] N-Allyl-N-phenyl-3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide may be mentioned as an example of the compounds of the formula (Ib).

[0635] The compounds of the formula (Ib) can be prepared by process (f) according to the invention.

[0636] Suitable oxidizing agents for carrying out process (m) according to the invention are substances, which can provide oxygen to C═C double bonds. A preferred oxidizing agent of this type is osmium (VIII) oxide.

[0637] For carrying out process (n) according to the invention, isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (Ic) are required as starting materials. In this formula, A, R9, R12, and n preferably have those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for these radicals and this index.

[0638] N-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide may be mentioned as an example of the compounds of the formula (Ic).

[0639] The compounds of the formula (Ic) can be prepared by processes (f) and (m) according to the invention.

[0640] Formula (XX) provides a general definition of the carbonyl derivatives, which are also required as starting materials for carrying out process (n) according to the invention. In this formula, R13 preferably has those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for this radical. T2 preferably represents methoxy or ethoxy, or the two T2-radicals together represent an oxo group.

[0641] The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of carbonyl derivatives of the formula (XX):

[0642] Acetone dimethylacetal,

[0643] cyclohexanone.

[0644] The carbonyl derivatives of the formula (XX) are known.

[0645] Formula (XXI) provides a general definition of the cyano compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (o) according to the invention. In this formula, R3 preferably has those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for this radical.

[0646] N-(chloro-cyano-methylidene)-4-trifluoromethyl-aniline may be mentioned as an example of the cyano compounds of the formula (XXI).

[0647] The cyano compounds of the formula (XXI) are known or can be prepared by known processes (see J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 (1997), 201).

[0648] Formula (XXII) provides a general definition of the 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole derivatives, which are required as starting materials for carrying out process (p) according to the invention. In this formula, R1b preferably has those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for this radical.

[0649] The 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole derivatives of the formula (XXII) are known or can be prepared by known processes (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,240,951).

[0650] Formula (XXIII) provides a general definition of the compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (p) according to the invention. In this formula, R2p preferably represents haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms or represents a hydrogen atom,

[0651] T3 represents hydroxy and

[0652] T4 preferably represents methoxy or ethoxy or

[0653] T3 and T4 together represent an oxo group.

[0654] The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of compounds of the formula (XXIII):

[0655] Paraformaldehyde,

[0656] trifluoroacetaldehyde hemiethylacetal.

[0657] The compounds of the formula (XXIII) are known or can be prepared by known processes.

[0658] For carrying out processes (q) and (r) according to the invention, 3,4-dichloroisothiazole derivatives of the formula (Id) are required as starting materials. In this formula, R1b preferably has those meanings, which have already been mentioned as preferred for this radical.

[0659] The compounds of the formula (Id) can be prepared by process (d) according to the invention.

[0660] Formula (XXIV) provides a general definition of the compounds, which are required as reaction components for carrying our process (q) according to the invention. In this formula, R6q preferably represents alkylcarbonyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group or represents benzoyl, which can be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms.

[0661] The chloro-substituted compounds of the formula (XXIV) are known or can be prepared by known processes.

[0662] Formula (XXV) provides a general definition of the isocyanates, which are required as reaction components for carrying out process (r) according to the invention. In this formula, Rr preferably represents phenyl, which may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from haloalkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 fluorine and/or chlorine atoms.

[0663] The isocyanates of the formula (XXV) are known or can be prepared by known processes.

[0664] Suitable diluents for carrying out process (a) according to the invention are aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid etc.

[0665] Suitable catalysts for carrying out process (a) according to the invention are all commonly used acid catalysts. As examples of such catalysts there may be mentioned mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid.

[0666] When carrying out process (a) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about 0° C. and about +150° C., preferably between about 10° C. and about 130° C.

[0667] Process (a) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0668] When carrying out process (a) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide of the formula (II) is reacted with 1 to 1.5 moles of the compound of the formula (III) in the presence of a diluent, such as acetic acid, and in the presence of a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid.

[0669] Process (b) according to the invention can be carried out in the presence of a diluent. Suitable diluents are all costomary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used: aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; ketones, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) etc.; nitrites, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.; bases, for example, pyridine etc.

[0670] Suitable acid-binding agents for carrying out process (b) according to the invention are all customary inorganic and organic bases. Preferred as inorganic bases are hydrides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates etc. of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide etc.; inorganic alkali metal amides, for example, lithium amide, sodium amide, potassium amide etc., and preferred organic bases are alcoholates, tertiary amines, dialkylaminoanilines and pyridines, for example, triethylamine, 1,1,4,4-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) etc.; organolithium compounds, for example, methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, phenyl lithium, dimethyl copper lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium cyclohexylisopropylamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, n-butyl lithium-DABCO, n-butyl lithium-DBU, n-butyl lithium-TMEDA etc.

[0671] Process (b) according to the invention can also be conducted in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst. Suitable diluents in this case are water; aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.

[0672] As examples of phase-transfer catalysts there can be mentioned quaternary ions, for example, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, tetrabutylammonium iodide, trioctylmethylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium bromide, butylpyridinium bromide, heptylpyridinium bromide, benzyltriethylammonium chloride etc.; crown ethers, for example, dibenzo-18-crown-6, dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6,18-crown-6 etc.; cryptands, for example, [2.2.2]-cryptate, [2.1.1]-cryptate, [2.2.1]-cryptate, [2.2.B]-cryptate, [20202S]-cryptate, [3.2.2]-cryptate etc.

[0673] When carrying out process (b) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −80° C. and about +200° C., preferably between about −10° C. and about +130° C.

[0674] Process (b) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0675] When carrying out process (b) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of an isothiazole derivative of the formula (IV) is reacted with 1 to 1.5 moles of a compound of the formula (V) in the presence of a diluent, such as dimethylformamide, and in the presence of 1 to 1.5 moles of an acid-binding agent, such as sodium hydride.

[0676] In a particular variant, process (b) according to the invention can also be carried out by starting form a compound of the formula (XXVI), converting same into a compound of the formula (IV) and reacting it without prior isolation with a compound of the formula (V).

[0677] Suitable diluents for conducting process (c) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used: aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; ketones, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) etc.; nitrites, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.; bases, for example, pyridine etc.

[0678] When carrying out process (c) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about 0° C. and about 200° C., preferably between about 20° C. and about 150° C.

[0679] Process (c) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0680] When carrying out process (c) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of an isothiazole derivative of the formula (IVa) is reacted with 1 to 50 moles of a phosphorous compound of the formula (VI).

[0681] Suitable diluents for conducting process (d) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used:

[0682] aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.; bases, for example, pyridine etc.

[0683] Suitable acid-binding agents for conducting process (d) according to the invention are all customary inorganic and organic bases. The following can preferably be used: Inorganic bases, such as, hydrides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates etc. of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide etc.; inorganic alkali metal amides, for example, lithium amide, sodium amide, potassium amide etc.; organic bases, such as alcoholates, tertiary amines, dialkylaminoanilines and pyridines, for example, triethylamine, 1,1,4,4-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) etc.; organolithium compounds, for example, methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, phenyl lithium, dimethyl copper lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium cyclohexylisopropylamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, n-butyl lithium-DABCO, n-butyl lithium-DBU, n-butyl lithium-TMEDA etc.

[0684] When carrying our process (d) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −80° C. and about +150° C., preferably between about −20° C. and about +100° C.

[0685] Process (d) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0686] When carrying out process (d) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of an isothiazole derivative of the formula (VII) is reacted with 1 to 1.5 moles of a chloromethyl compound of the formula (VIII) in the presence of a diluent, such as dimethylformamide, and in the presence of an acid-binding agent, such as sodium hydride.

[0687] Suitable diluents for conducting process (e) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used:

[0688] aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; ketones, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.

[0689] Suitable catalysts for conducting process (e) according to the invention are all customary acid catalysts.

[0690] Preferred catalysts of this type are mineral acids, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite etc.; organic acids, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid etc.; organic amine hydrochlorides, for example, pyridine hydrochloride, triethylamine hydrochloride etc.; amine sulfonates, for example, pyridine p-toluenesulfonate, triethylamine p-tolenesulfonate etc.

[0691] When carrying out process (e) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −20° C. and about +200° C., preferably between about 20° C. and about 150° C.

[0692] Process (e) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0693] When carrying out process (e) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide of the formula (11) is reacted with 1 to 1.5 moles of a formyl compound of the formula (IX) and 1 to 1.5 moles of 1H-benzotriazole of the formula (X) in the presence of a diluent, such as toluene, and in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate.

[0694] Suitable diluents for conducting process (f) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents and water. The following can preferably be used: water; aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; ketones, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.

[0695] Suitable acid-binding agents for conducting process (f) according to the invention are all customary inorganic and organic bases. The following can preferably be used: Inorganic bases, such as, hydrides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates etc. of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide etc.; inorganic alkali metal amides, for example, lithium amide, sodium amide, potassium amide etc.; organic bases, such as, alcoholates, tertiary amines, dialkylaminoanilines and pyridines, for example, triethylamine, 1,1,4,4-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) etc.; organolithium compounds, for example, methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, phenyl lithium, dimethyl copper lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium cyclohexylisopropylamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, n-butyl lithium-DABCO, n-butyl lithium-DBU, n-butyl lithium-TMEDA etc.

[0696] When carrying out process (f) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −80° C. and about +200° C., preferably between about −300° C. and about +100° C.

[0697] Process (f) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0698] When carrying out process (f) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbonylchloride of the formula (XI) is reacted with a compound of the formula (XII) in the presence of a diluent, such as methylene chloride and in the presence of an acid-binding agent, such as triethylamine.

[0699] In a particular variant, process (f) according to the invention can also be carried out by preparing a compound of the formula (XII), in which

[0700] Y1 represents a group of the formula

137

[0701] by the process described in J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2339-2344 (1988), and reacting same without prior isolation with 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbonylchloride.

[0702] Suitable diluents for conducting process (g) according to the invetnion are all customary inert organic solvents and water. The following can preferably be used: Water; aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; ketones, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.

[0703] Suitable acid-binding agents for conducting process (g) according to the invention are all customary inorganic and organic bases. The following can preferably be used: Inorganic bases, such as, hydrides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates etc. of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide etc.; inorganic alkali metal amides, for example, lithium amide, sodium amide, potassium amide etc.; organic bases, such as, alcoholates, tertiary amines, dialkylaminoanilines and pyridines, for example, triethylamine, 1,1,4,4-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) etc.; organolithium compounds, for example, methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, phenyl lithium, dimethyl copper lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium cyclohexylisopropylamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, n-butyl lithium-DABCO, n-butyl lithium-DBU, n-butyl lithium-TMEDA etc.

[0704] When carrying out process (g) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −80° C. and about +150° C., preferably between about −20° C. and about +100° C.

[0705] Process (g) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0706] When carrying out process (g) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of a 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxylic acid ester of the formula (XIII) is reacted with 1 to 1.5 moles of a compound of the formula (XIV) in the presence of a diluent, such as methanol.

[0707] Suitable diluents for conducting process (h) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents and water. The following can preferably be used: Water; aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.; bases, for example, pyridine etc.

[0708] Suitable acid-binding agents for conducting process (h) according to the invention are all customary inorganic and organic bases. The following can preferably be used: Inorganic bases, such as, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, acetates etc. of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium acetate etc.; organic bases, such as, tertiary amines, dialkylaminfoanilines and pyridines, for example, triethylamine, 1,1,4,4-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) etc.

[0709] Suitable catalysts for conducting process (h) according to the invention are all customary acid catalysts. Preferred catalysts of this type are mineral acids, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite etc.; organic acids, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid etc.; organic amine hydrochlorides, for example, pyridine hydrochloride, triethylamine hydrochloride etc.; amine sulfonates, for example, pyridine p-toluenesulfonate, triethylamine p-toluenesulfonate etc.

[0710] When carrying our process (h) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −20° C. and about +150° C., preferably between about 0° C. and about 120° C.

[0711] Process (h) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0712] When carrying out process (h) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohyrazide of the formula (XV) is reacted with 1 to 1.5 moles of a compound of the formula (XVI) in the presence of a diluent, such as ethanol, and in the presence of an acid-binding agent, such as sodium acetate.

[0713] Suitable diluents for conducting process (i) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used: Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.

[0714] Suitable acid-binding agents for conducting process (i) according to the invention are all customary inorganic and organic bases. The following can preferably be used:

[0715] Hydrides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydride, lithium hydride etc.; inorganic alkali metal amides, for example, lithium amide, sodium amide, potassium amide etc.; organolithium compounds, for example, methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, phenyl lithium, dimethyl copper lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium cyclohexylisopropylamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, n-butyl lithium-DABCO, n-butyl lithium-DBU, n-butyl lithium-TMEDA etc.

[0716] When carrying out process (i) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −80° C. and about +150° C., preferably between about −20° C. and about +50° C.

[0717] Process (i) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0718] When carrying out process (i) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohydrazide of the formula (XV) is reacted with 1 to 1.2 moles of a compound of the formula (XVII) in the presence of a diluent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, and in the presence of a acid-binding agent, such as sodium hydride.

[0719] Suitable diluents for conducting process (i) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents and water. The following can preferably be used: Water; aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.

[0720] Suitable catalysts for conducting process (j) according to the invention are all customary acid catalysts. Preferred catalysts of this type are mineral acids, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite etc.; organic acids, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid etc.; organic amine hydrochlorides, for example, pyridine hydrochloride, triethylamine hydrochloride etc.; amine sulfonates, for example, pyridine p-toluenesulfonate, triethylamine p-toluenesulfonate etc.

[0721] When carrying out process (j) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −20° C. and about +150° C., preferably between about 0° C. and about 1° C.

[0722] Process (j) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0723] When carrying out process (j) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carbohydrazide of the formula (XV) is reacted with 1 to 1.2 moles of a compound of the formula (XVIII) in the presence of a diluent, such as ethanol.

[0724] Suitable diluents for conducting process (k) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used: Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.

[0725] When carrying out process (k) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −20° C. and about +150° C., preferably between about 0° C. and about 100° C.

[0726] Process (k) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0727] When carrying out process (k) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of an isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivative of the formula (Ia) is reacted with 1 to 2 moles of an oxydizing agent, such as m-chloro-perbenzoic acid in the presence of a diluent, such as methylene chloride.

[0728] Suitable diluents for conducting process (I) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used: Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.; bases, for example, pyridine etc.

[0729] Suitable catalysts for conducting process (l) according to the invetion are all customary acid catalysts.

[0730] Preferred catalysts of this type are mineral acids, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite etc.; organic acids, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid etc.; organic amine hydrochlorides, for example, pyridine hydrochloride, triethylamine hydrochloride etc.; amine sulfonates, for example, pyridine p-toluenesulfonate, triethylamine p-toluenesulfonate etc.

[0731] When carrying out process (I) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about 0° C. and about 200° C., preferably between about 20° C. and about 150° C.

[0732] Process (l) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0733] When carrying out process (l) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide of the formula (II) is reacted with 1 to 100 moles of a compound of the formula (XIX).

[0734] Suitable diluents for conducting process (m) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents and water. The following can preferably be used: Water; aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; ketones, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) etc.; nitrites, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.; bases, for example, pyridine etc.

[0735] When carrying out process (m) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −20° C. and about +100° C., preferably between about 0° C. and about 50° C.

[0736] Process (m) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0737] When carrying out process (m) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of an isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivative of the formula (Ib) is reacted with 1 to 2 moles of an oxidizing agent, such as trimethylamine N-oxide in the presence of osmium (VIII) oxide, and in the presence of a diluent, such as aqueous tetrahydrofuran (water:tetrahydrofuran=1:30).

[0738] Suitable diluents for conducting process (n) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used: Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; nitrites, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.

[0739] Suitable catalysts for conducting process (n) according to the invention are all customary acid catalysts. Preferred catalysts of this type are mineral acids, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite etc.; organic acids, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid etc.; organic amine hydrochlorides, for example, pyridine hydrochloride, triethylamine hydrochloride etc.; amine sulfonates, for example, pyridine p-toluenesulfonate, triethylamine p-toluenesulfonate etc.

[0740] When carrying out process (n) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −20° C. and about +200° C., preferably between about 0° C. and about 150° C.

[0741] Process (n) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0742] When carrying out process (n) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of an isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivative of the formula (Ic) is reacted with 1 to 2 moles of a compound of the formula (XX) in the presence of diluent and in the presence of a catalyst, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid.

[0743] Suitable diluents for conducting process (o) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used: Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.

[0744] Suitable acid-binding agents for conducting process (o) according to the invention are all customary inorganic and organic bases. The following can preferably be used: Hydrides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydride, lithium hydride etc.; inorganic alkali metal amides, for example, lithium amide, sodium amide, potassium amide etc.; organolithium compounds, for example, methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, phenyl lithium, dimethyl copper lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium cyclohexylisopropylamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, n-butyl lithium-DABCO, n-butyl lithium-DBU, n-butyl lithium-TMEDA etc.

[0745] When carrying out process (o) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −80° C. and about +100° C., preferably between about −20° C. and about +80° C.

[0746] Process (o) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0747] When carrying out process (o) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole-5-carboxamide of the formula (II) is reacted with 1 to 1.2 moles of a cyano compound of the formula (XXI) in the presence of a diluent, such as tetrahydrofuran, and in the presence of an acid-binding agent, such as sodium hydride.

[0748] Suitable diluents for conducting process (p) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used: Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.; bases, for example, pyridine etc.

[0749] Suitable acid-binding agents for conducting process (p) according to the invention are all customary inorganic and organic bases. The following can preferably be used: Inorganic bases, such as hydrides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates etc. of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide etc.; inorganic alkali metal amides, for example, lithium amide, sodium amide, potassium amide etc.; organic bases, such as, alcoholates, tertiary amines, dialkylaminoanilines and pyridines, for example, triethylamine, 1,1,4,4-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1,4diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) etc.; organolithium compounds, for example, methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, phenyl lithium, dimethyl copper lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium cyclohexylisopropylamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, n-butyl lithium-DABCO, n-butyl lithium-DBU, n-butyl lithium-TMEDA etc.

[0750] When carrying out process (p) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −20° C. and about +200° C., preferably between about 0° C. and about 150° C.

[0751] Process (p) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0752] When carrying out process (p) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of a 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole derivative of the formula (XXII) is reacted with 1 to 2 moles of a compound of the formula (XIII) in the presence of a diluent, such as toluene, and in the presence of 1 to 1.2 moles of an acid-binding agent, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine.

[0753] Suitable diluents for conducting process (q) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents and water. The following can preferably be used: Water; aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; ketones, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.; bases, for example, pyridine etc.

[0754] Suitable acid-binding agents for conducting process (q) according to the invention are all customary inorganic and organic bases. The following can preferably be used: Inorganic bases, such as, hydrides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates etc. of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, organic bases, such as, alcoholates, tertiary amines, dialkylaminoanilines and pyridines, for example, triethylamine, 1,1,4,4-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) etc.; organolithium compounds, for example, methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, phenyl lithium, dimethyl copper lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium cyclohexylsopropylamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, n-butyl lithium-DABCO, n-butyl lithium-DBU, n-butyl lithium-TMEDA etc.

[0755] When carrying out process (q) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −80° C. and about +150° C., preferably between about −10° C. and about +100° C.

[0756] Process (q) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0757] When carrying out process (q) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of a 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole derivative of the formula (Id) is reacted with 1 to 1.2 moles of a chloro-substituted compound of the formula (XXIV) in the presence of a diluent, such as methylene chloride, and in the presence of an acid-binding agent, such as triethylamine.

[0758] Suitable diluents for conducting process (r) according to the invention are all customary inert organic solvents. The following can preferably be used: Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (which may optionally be chlorinated), for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ligroine, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc.; ethers, for example, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) etc.; ketones, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) etc.; nitriles, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile etc.; esters, for example, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate etc.; acid amides, for example, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) etc.; sulfones and sulfoxides, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulfolane etc.; bases, for example, pyridine etc.

[0759] Suitable acid-binding agents for conducting process (r) according to the invention are inorganic bases, such as hydrides, carbonates and bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, sodium carbonate etc.

[0760] Suitable catalysts for conducting process (r) according to the invention are tertiary amines, dialkylaminoanilines and pyridines, for example, triethylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DAMP) etc.

[0761] When carrying out process (r) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a substantially wide range. The reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between about −80° C. and about +150° C., preferably between about −10° C and about +100° C.

[0762] Process (r) according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure but, if desired, can also be carried out under elevated or reduced pressure.

[0763] When carrying out process (r) according to the invention, in general 1 mole of a 3,4-dichloro-isothiazole derivative of the formula (Id) is reacted with 1 to 1.2 moles of an isocyanate of the formula (XXV) in the presence of a diluent, such as methylene chloride, and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst, such as pyridine.

[0764] The compounds of the formula (I) prepared by the above-mentioned processes can in each case be isolated from the reaction mixtures by customary procedures and can be purified by known methods, such as crystallization, chromatography etc.

[0765] The compounds according to the present invention exhibit a strong microbicidal activity. Thus, they can be used for combating undesired microorganisms, such as phytopathogenic fungi and bacteriae, in agriculture and horticulture. The compounds are suitable for the direct control of undesired microorganisms as well as for generating resistance in plants against attack by undesired plant pathogens.

[0766] Resistance-inducing substances in the present context are to be understood as those substances which are capable of stimulating the defence system of plants such that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with undesirable microorganisms, display substantial resistance to these microorganisms.

[0767] Undesirable microorganisms in the present case are to be understood as phytopathogenic fungi and bacteriae. The substances according to the invention can thus be employed to generate resistance in plants against attack by the harmful organisms mentioned within a certain period of time after the treatment. The period of time within which resistance is brought about in general extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, after treatment of the plants with the active compounds.

[0768] Generally, the compounds according to the invention can be used as fungicides for combating phytopathogenic fungi, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes, and can also be used as bactericides for combating bacteriae, such as Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.

[0769] The compounds according to the present invention are particularly suitable for causing resistance against infection of plants by plant pathogens, such as Pyricularia oryzae, Phythophthora infestans etc.

[0770] The good toleration, by plants, of the active compounds, at the concentrations required for combating plants diseases, permits treatment of above-ground parts of plants, of vegetative propagation stock and seeds, and of the soil.

[0771] The compounds according to the present invention have a low toxicity against warm-blooded animals and therefore can be used safely.

[0772] The active compounds can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, tablets, aerosols, natural and synthetic materials impregnated with active compound, very fine capsules in polymeric substances, coating compositions for use on seed, and formulations used with burning equipment, such as fumigating cartridges, fumigating cans and fumigating coils, as well as ULV cold mist and warm mist formulations.

[0773] These formulations may be produced in known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is to say liquid or liquefied gaseous or solid diluents or carriers, optionally with the use of surface-active agents, that is to say emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents and/or foam-forming agents. In the case of the use of water as an extender, organic solvents can, for example, also be used as auxiliary solvents.

[0774] As liquid solvents diluents or carriers, there are suitable in the main, aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, toluene or alkyl naphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol as well as their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl-isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, or strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl-sulphoxide, as well as water.

[0775] By liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers are meant liquids which would be gaseous at normal temperature and under normal pressure, for example aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons as well as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

[0776] As solid carriers there may be used ground natural minerals, such as kaolings, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as highly-dispersed silicic acid, alumina and silicates. As solid carriers for granules there may be used crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, as well as synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.

[0777] As emulsifying and/or foam-forming agents there may be used non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene-fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene-fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, aryl sulphonates as well as albumin hydrolysis products.

[0778] Dispersing agents include, for example, lignin sulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.

[0779] Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, can be used in the formulation.

[0780] It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs or metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

[0781] The formulations in general contain from 0.1 to 95 percent by weight of active compound, preferably from 0.5 to 90 percent by weight.

[0782] The active compounds according to the invention can be present in the formulations or in the various use forms as a mixture with other known active compounds, such as fungicides, bactericides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, bird repellents, growth factors, plant nutrients and agents for improving soil structure.

[0783] In many cases, synergistic effects are achieved, i.e. the activity of the mixture exceeds the activity of the individual components.

[0784] Examples of co-components in mixtures are the following compounds:

[0785] Fungicides:

[0786] aldimorph, ampropylfos, ampropylfos potassium, andoprim, anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin,

[0787] benalaxyl, benodanil, benomyl, benzamacril, benzamacril-isobutyl, bialaphos, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, bromuconazole, bupirimate, buthiobate,

[0788] calcium polysulphide, capsimycin, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carvon, quinomethionate, chlobenthiazone, chlorfenazole, chloroneb, chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, clozylacon, cufraneb, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, carpropamide,

[0789] debacarb, dichlorophen, diclobutrazole, diclofluanid, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinocap, diphenylamine, dipyrithione, ditalimfos, dithianon, dodemorph, dodine, drazoxolon,

[0790] edifenphos, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, ethirimol, etridiazole,

[0791] famoxadon, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenitropan, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorpb, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, flumetover, fluoromide, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, fosetyl-aluminium, fosetyl-sodium, fthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, fuircarbonil, furconazole, furconazolecis, funrnecyclox, fenhexamide,

[0792] guazatine,

[0793] hexachlorobenzene, hexaconazole, hymexazole,

[0794] imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, iodocarb, ipconazole, iprobenfos (IBP), iprodione, irumamycin, isoprothiolane, isovaledione, iprovalicarb,

[0795] kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, copper preparations, such as: copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, copper oxide, oxine-copper and Bordeaux mixture,

[0796] mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, meferimzone, mepanipyrim, mepronil, metalaxyl, metconazole, methasulfocarb, methfuroxam, metiram, metomeclarn, metsulfovax, mildiomycin, myclobutanil, myclozolin,

[0797] nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol,

[0798] ofurace, oxadixyl, oxamocarb, oxolinic acid, oxycarboxim, oxyfenthiin,

[0799] paclobutrazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, phosdiphen, pimaricin, piperalin, polyoxin, polyoxorim, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propanosine-sodium, propiconazole, propineb, pyrazophos, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, pyroxyfur,

[0800] quinconazole, quintozene (PCNB), quinoxyfen,

[0801] sulphur and sulphur preparations, spiroxamine,

[0802] tebuconazole, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tetcyclacis, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thicyofen, thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tioxymid, tolclofos-methyl, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triazbutil, triazoxide, trichlamide, tricyclazole, tridemorph, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, trifloxystrobin,

[0803] uniconazole,

[0804] validamycin A, vinclozolin, viniconazole,

[0805] zarilamide, zineb, ziram and also

[0806] Dagger G,

[0807] OK-8705,

[0808] OK-8801,

[0809] α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-β-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol,

[0810] α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-β-fluoro-β-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol,

[0811] α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-β-methoxy-α-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol,

[0812] α-(5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)-β-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-methylene]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol,

[0813] (5RS,6RS)-6-hydroxy-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-octanone,

[0814] (E)-α-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-phenoxy-phenylacetamide,

[0815] 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-ethanone O-(phenylmethyl)-oxime,

[0816] 1-(2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-1H-pyrrol-2,5-dione,

[0817] 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-propenyl)-2,5-pyrrolidinedione,

[0818] 1-[(diiodomethyl)-sulphonyl]-4-methyl-benzene,

[0819] 1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]-methyl]-1H-imidazole,

[0820] 1-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenyloxiranyl]-methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole,

[0821] 1-[1-[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-methoxy]-phenyl]-ethenyl]-1H-imidazole,

[0822] 1-methyl-5-nonyl-2-(phenylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidinole,

[0823] 2′,6′-dibromo-2-methyl-4′-trifluoromethoxy-4′-trifluoro-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxanilide,

[0824] 2,6-dichloro-5-(methylthio)-4-pyrimidinyl thiocyanate,

[0825] 2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-benzamide,

[0826] 2,6-dichloro-N-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-methyl]-benzamide,

[0827] 2-(2,3,3-triiodo-2-propenyl)-2H-tetrazole,

[0828] 2-[(1-methylethyl)-sulphonyl]-5-(trichloromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole,

[0829] 2-[[6-deoxy-4-O-(4-O-methyl-p-D-glycopyranosyl)-α-D-glucopyranosyl]-amino]-4-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile,

[0830] 2-aminobutane,

[0831] 2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-pentanedinitrile,

[0832] 2-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide,

[0833] 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(isothiocyanatomethyl)-acetamide,

[0834] 2-phenylphenol (OPP),

[0835] 3,4-dichloro-1-[4-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-1H-pyrrol-2,5-dione,

[0836] 3,5-dichloro-N-[cyano[(1-methyl-2-propinyl)-oxy]-methyl]-benzamide,

[0837] 3-(1,1-dimethylpropyl-1-oxo-1H-indene-2-carbonitrile,

[0838] 3-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-3-isoxazolidinyl]-pyridine,

[0839] 4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-sulphonamide,

[0840] 4-methyl-tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one,

[0841] 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate,

[0842] 9H-xanthene-2-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-9-carboxylic hydrazide,

[0843] b is-(1-methylethyl)-3-methyl-4-[(3-methylbenzoyl)-oxy] 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate,

[0844] c is-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol,

[0845] c is-4-[3-[4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholinehydrochloride,

[0846] ethyl [(4-chlorophenyl)-azo]-cyanoacetate,

[0847] potassium hydrogen carbonate,

[0848] methanetetrathiol sodium salt,

[0849] methyl 1-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate,

[0850] methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(5-isoxazolylcarbonyl)-DL-alaninate,

[0851] methyl N-(chloroacetyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-DL-alaninate,

[0852] N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl)-acetamide,

[0853] N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-thienyl)-acetamide,

[0854] N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-3-nitro-benzenesulphonamide,

[0855] N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidineamine,

[0856] N-(4-hexylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidineamine,

[0857] N-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-acetaride,

[0858] N-(6-methoxy)-3-pyridinyl)-cyclopropanecarboxamide,

[0859] N-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[(chloroacetyl)-amino]-ethyl]-benzamide,

[0860] N-[3-chloro-4,5-bis(2-propinyloxy)-phenyl]-N′-methoxy-methanimidamide,

[0861] N-formyl-N-hydroxy-DL-alanine-sodium salt,

[0862] O,O-diethyl [2-(dipropylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-ethylphosphoramidothioate,

[0863] O-methyl S-phenyl phenylpropylphosphoramidothioate,

[0864] S-methyl 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioate,

[0865] spiro[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,1′(3′H)-isobenzofuran]-3′-one,

[0866] Bactericides:

[0867] bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugarnycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic acid, oxytetracyclin, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulphate and other copper preparations.

[0868] Insecticides/Acaricides/Nematicides:

[0869] abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, alpha-cypermethrin, alphamethrin, amitraz, avermectin, AZ 60541, azadirachtin, azamethiphos, azinphos A, azinphos M, azocyclotin,

[0870]

Bacillus popilliae, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis
, baculoviruses, Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria tenella, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bensultap, benzoximate, betacyfluthrin, bifenazate, bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, BPMC, bromophos A, bufencarb, buprofezin, butathiofos, butocarboxim, butylpyridaben,

[0871] cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, cartap, chloethocarb, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos M, chlovaporthrin, cis-resmethrin, cispennethrin, clocythrin, cloethocarb, clofentezine, cyanophos, cycloprene, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, cyromazine,

[0872] deltamethrin, demeton M, demeton S, demeton-S-methyl, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dichlorvos, diflubenzuron, dimethoat, dimethylvinphos, diofenolan, disulfoton, docusat-sodium, dofenapyn,

[0873] eflusilanate, emamectin, empenthrin, endosulfan, Entomopfthora spp., esfenvalerate, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethoprophos, etofenprox, etoxazole, etrimphos,

[0874] fenamiphos, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenitrothion, fenothiocarb, fenoxacrim, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenpyrad, fenpyrithrin, fenpyroximate, fenvalerate, fipronil, fluazuron, flubrocythrinate, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenoxuron, flutenzine, fluvalinate, fonophos, fosmethilan, fosthiazate, fubfenprox, furathiocarb,

[0875] granulosis viruses,

[0876] halofenozide, HCH, heptenophos, hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydroprene,

[0877] imidacloprid, isazophos, isofenphos, isoxathion, ivermectin,

[0878] lambda-cyhalothrin, lufenuron,

[0879] malathion, mecarbam, metaldehyde, methamidophos, Metharhizium anisopliae, Metharhizium flavoviride, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoxyfenozide, metolcarb, metoxadiazone, mevinphos, milbemectin, monocrotophos,

[0880] naled, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, nuclear polyhedrosis viruses,

[0881] omethoat, oxamyl, oxydemethon M,

[0882]

Paecilomyces filmosoroseus
, parathion A, parathion M, permethrin, phenthoat, phorat, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimicarb, pirimiphos A, pirimiphos M, profenofos, promecarb, propoxur, prothiofos, prothoat, pymetrozine, pyraclofos, pyresmethrin, pyrethrum, pyridaben, pyridathion, pyrimidifen, pyriproxyfen,

[0883] quinalphos,

[0884] ribavirin,

[0885] salithion, sebufos, silafluofen, spinosad, sulfotep, sulprofos,

[0886] tau-fluvalinate, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebupirimiphos, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, temivinphos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, theta-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiatriphos, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thuringiensin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, triarathene, triazamate, triazophos, triazuron, trichlophenidine, trichlorfon, triflumuron, trimethacarb, thiacloprid,

[0887] vamidothion, vaniliprole, Verticillium lecanii,

[0888] YI 5302,

[0889] zeta-cypermethrin, zolaprofos,

[0890] (1R-cis)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]-methyl-3-[(dihydro-2-oxo-3(2H)furanylidene)-methyl] 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate,

[0891] (3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate,

[0892] 1-[(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-N-nitro-1,3,5-triazine-2(1H)-imine,

[0893] 2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-oxazole,

[0894] 2-(acetyloxy)-3-dodecyl-1,4-naphthalenedione,

[0895] 2-chloro-N-[[[4-(1-phenylethoxy)-phenyl]-amino]-carbonyl]-benzamide,

[0896] 2-chloro-N-[[[4-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)-phenyl]-amino]-carbonyl]-benzamide,

[0897] 3-methylphenyl propylcarbamate

[0898] 4-[4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-methylpentyl]-1-fluoro-2-phenoxy-benzene,

[0899] 4-chloro-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[[2-(2,6-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl]thio]-3(2H)-pyridazinone,

[0900] 4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methylpropyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinone,

[0901] 4-chloro-5-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone,

[0902]

Bacillus thuringiensis
strain EG-2348,

[0903] [2-benzoyl-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hydrazinobenzoic acid,

[0904] 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl butanoate,

[0905] [3-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-thiazolidinylidene]-cyanamide,

[0906] dihydro-2-(nitromethylene)-2H-1,3-thiazine-3(4H)-carboxaldehyde,

[0907] ethyl [2-[[1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)-4-pyridazinyl]oxy]ethyl]-carbamate,

[0908] N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-1-oxo-3-butenyl)-glycine,

[0909] N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide,

[0910] N-[(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]-N′-methyl-N″-nitro-guanidine,

[0911] N-methyl-N′-(1-methyl-2-propenyl)-1,2-hydrazinedicarbothioamide,

[0912] N-methyl-N′-2-propenyl-1,2-hydrazinedicarbothioamide,

[0913] O,O-diethyl [2-(dipropylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-ethylphosphoramidothioate.

[0914] The active compounds can be used as such or in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom by further dilution, such as ready-to-use solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, tablets, pastes, microcapsules and granules. They are used in the customary manner, for example by watering, immersion, spraying, atomising, misting, vaporizing, injecting, forming a slurry, brushing on, dusting, scattering, dry dressing, moist dressing, wet dressing, slurry dressing or encrusting.

[0915] In the treatment of parts of plants, the active compounds concentration in the use forms can be varied within a substantial range. They are, in general, from 1 to 0.0001% by weight, preferably from 0.5 and 0.001%.

[0916] For the treatment of seed, amounts of active compound of 0.001 to 50 g, especially 0.01 to 10 g, are generally employed per kilogram of seed.

[0917] For the treatment of soil, active compound concentrations, at the point of action, of 0.00001 to 0.1% by weight, especially of 0.0001 to 0.02%, are generally employed.

[0918] As already mentioned above, all plants and parts of plants can be treated according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment naturally occurring plant species and plant varieties or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossbreeding or protoplast fusion as well as parts of such plants are treated. In an additional preferred embodiment transgenic plants and plant varieties which have been obtained by genetic engineering methods, possibly in combination with conventional methods (genetically modified organisms) and parts of such plants are treated. The term “parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” is explained above.

[0919] According to the invention plants of the plant varieties commercially available or used at any particular time are very preferably treated. Plant varieties are understood to be plants with specific properties (“traits”) which have been obtained both by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be varieties, biotypes or genotypes.

[0920] Depending on the species or varieties of plants, their location and growth conditions (the types of soil, climate, vegetation period and feed concerned), superadditive (“synergistic”) effects can occur as a result of the treatment according to the invention. Effects such as for example reduced application rates and/or broadening of the activity spectra and/or increased activity of the compounds and compositions usable according to the invention, improved plant growth, increased tolerance of high or low temperatures, increased tolerance of dry conditions or water or ground salt contents, increased flowering capacity, facilitated harvesting, acceleration of maturity, increased crop yields, higher quality and/or increased nutritional value of the harvested crops and increased storing quality and/or processibility of the harvested crops are possible, which are greater than those actually expected.

[0921] Preferred transgenic plants or plant varieties (obtained by genetic engineering) to be treated according to the invention include all plants which as a result of the genetic modification concerned have received genetic material which provides them with particularly advantageous valuable properties (“traits”). Examples of such properties are improved plant growth, increased tolerance of high or low temperatures, increased tolerance of dry conditions or water or ground salt contents, increased flowering capacity, facilitated harvesting, acceleration of maturity, increased crop yields, higher quality and/or increased nutritional value of the harvested crops and increased storing quality and/or processibility of the harvested crops. Additional and particularly noteworthy examples of such properties are increased resistance of the plants to animal and microbial pests, such as to insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and/or viruses as well as increased tolerance by the plants of certain herbicidal active compounds. Examples which may be mentioned of transgenic plants are the important crop plants such as cereals (wheat and rice), corn, soybeans, potatoes, cotton, rape and fruit plants (producing apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), the crop plants corn, soybeans, potatoes, cotton and rape being particularly noteworthy. Particularly significant properties (“traits”) are increased resistance of the plants to insects due to the toxins forming in the plants, and in particular those which are produced in the plants (hereinafter referred to as “Bt plants”) by the genetic material obtained from Bacillus Thuringiensis (e.g. by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF and combinations thereof). Particularly significant properties (“traits”) are the increased resistance of plants to fungi, bacteria and viruses due to systemically acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Particulary significant properties (“traits”) are also increased tolerance by the plants of certain herbicidal active compounds, such as for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricine (e.g. the “PAT” gene). The corresponding genes imparting the required properties (“traits”) can also occur in the transgenic plants in combination with each other. Examples which may be mentioned of “Bt plants” are varieties of corn, cotton, soybeans and potatoes which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD° (e.g. corn, cotton, soybeans), KnockOut® (e.g. corn), StarLink® (e.g. corn), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) and NewLeaf® (potatoes). Examples which may be mentioned of herbicide-tolerant plants are varieties of corn, cotton and soybeans which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance of glyphosate, e.g. corn, cotton, soybeans), Liberty Link® (tolerance of phosphinotricine, e.g. rape), IMI® (tolerance of imidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance of sulphonylureas, e.g. corn). Herbicide-resistant plants (bred for herbicide tolerance in the conventional manner) which may be mentioned are also the varieties (e.g. corn) sold under the name Clearfield®. The above statements do of course also apply to any plant varieties which may be developed in the future or launched onto the market in the future and which have the genetic properties (“traits”) described above or developed in the future.

[0922] According to the invention the abovementioned plants can be particularly advantageously treated with the compounds of the general formula I or the active compound mixtures according to the invention. The preferred ranges mentioned above for the active compounds or mixtures also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particularly advantageous is the treatment of plants with the compounds or mixtures specifically listed in the present text.

[0923] Then the present invention will be described more specifically by the following examples. However, the present invention should not be restricted to them in any way.

EXAMPLES

Synthesis Example 1

[0924]

138

[0925] Process (a):

[0926] To a suspension of 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (2.0 g) and N-benzyl-N-hydroxymethylformamide (1.7 g) in acetic acid (50 ml) sulfuric acid (2.2 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was successively washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, water and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: hexane/ethyl acetate=2/3) to obtain N-[(benzylformamido)-methyl]-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.6 g).

[0927] mp 102-103° C.

Synthesis Example 2

[0928]

139

[0929] Process (b):

[0930] To a suspension of 60% sodium hydride (0.16 g) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) 4-chlorothiophenol (0.53 g) was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. N-Chloromethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.90 g) was then added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was successively washed with diluted hydrochloric acid and a saturated solution of sodium chloride in water, and then it was dried over with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform/ethyl acetate=4/1) to obtain N-(4-chlorophenylthiomethyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.42 g).

[0931] mp 106-107° C.

Synthesis Example 3

[0932]

140

[0933] Process (b):

[0934] To a solution of N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.00 g) in thionyl chloride (10 ml) a drop of N,N-dimethylformamide was added. The mixture was refluxed for 4 hours by heating and then thionyl chloride was distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was added to a solution, obtained by adding 5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (0.62 g) to a suspension of 60% sodium hydride (0.14 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 ml) and stirring for 15 minutes, and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. After distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, water was added to residue and the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with a saturated solution of sodium chloride in water and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: hexane/ethyl acetate=2/1) to obtain N-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-ethyl]-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.09 g).

[0935] mp 124-127° C.

Synthesis Example 4

[0936]

141

[0937] Process (b):

[0938] To a suspension of 60% sodium hydride (0.18 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 ml) 5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazole (0.47 g) was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Then N-chloromethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.00 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction solution was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with a saturated solution of sodium chloride, water and dried over an, hydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: hexane/ethyl acetate=2/1) to obtain N-(1-methyl-5-tetrazolethiomethyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.40 g, mp 176-177° C.) and N-[(3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamido)-methyl]-N-(1-methyl-5-tetrazolethiomethyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.26 g, mp 185-188° C.).

Synthesis Example 5

[0939]

142

[0940] Process (b):

[0941] To a suspension of N-chloromethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.00 g) and sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (0.90 g) in dimethoxyethane, tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.05 g) was added, and the mixture was refluxed for 6 hours by heating. The reaction mixture was poured into water and the deposited crystals were filtered off to obtain N-phenylsulfonylmethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.00 g).

[0942] mp 175-176° C.

Synthesis Example 6

[0943]

143

[0944] Process (c):

[0945] A mixed solution of N-chloromethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.2 g) and triethyl phosphite (10 ml) was stirred at 80° C. for 4 hours. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate=1/1 to 1/4 gradient elution) to obtain diethyl N-methyl-N-(3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbonyl)-aminomethylphosphonate (1.1 g).

[0946] nD20 1.5292

Synthesis Example 7

[0947]

144

[0948] Process (d):

[0949] To a suspension of 60% sodium hydride (0.45 g) in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (2.00 g) was added under ice cooling and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Chloromethyl methyl ether (0.82 g) was added and the resulting mixure was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed with diluted hydrochloric acid and then with a saturated solution of sodium chloride in water, and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform/ethyl acetate=4/1) to obtain N-methoxymethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.35 g).

[0950] mp 79-87° C.

Synthesis Example 8

[0951]

145

[0952] Process (d):

[0953] 3,4-Dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbothioic O-acid (1.0 g) was added to a suspension of 60% sodium hydride (0.2 g) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. N-Chloromethyl-N-methylacetamide (0.6 g) was then added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed with a saturated solution of sodium chloride in water, and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: hexane/ethyl acetate=2/1) to obtain N-methylacetamidomethyl (3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbothioate (0.7 g).

[0954] nD20 1.6012.

Synthesis Example 9

[0955]

146

[0956] Process (e):

[0957] To a solution of 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.0 g), butyraldehyde (0.4 g) and benzotriazole (0.6 g) in toluene a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added the mixture was refluxed for 5 hours by heating, eliminating the generated water. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform) to obtain N-(1-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1. 1 g).

[0958] nD20 1.5759.

Synthesis Example 10

[0959]

147

[0960] Process (f):

[0961] To a solution of acetamide (3.0 g), butyraldehyde (3.6 g) and benzotriazole (6.0 g) in toluene a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added and the mixture was refluxed for 5 hours by heating, eliminating the generated water. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: hexane/ethyl acetate=2/1) to obtain N-(1-benzotriazol-1-ylbutyl)-acetamide (4.2 g). The obtained solution of N-(1-benzotriazol-1-ylbutyl)-acetamide (4.2 g) and potassium carbonate (10.0 g) in methanol (50 ml) was saturated with ammonia gas under ice cooling and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The residue, obtained by filtering off the solid and distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, (1.6 g) was dissolved in methylene chloride (10 ml). Triethylamine (2 ml) and 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbonyl chloride (2.0 g) were then added at room temperature. After the reaction solution was washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: hexane/ethyl acetate=1/1) to obtain N-[1-(acetamido)butyl]-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.5 g).

[0962] mp 162-165° C.

Synthesis Example 11

[0963]

148

[0964] Process (f):

[0965] To a solution of 3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolylmethanol (0.58 g) and triethylamine (0.47 g) in methylene chloride 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbonyl chloride (1.00 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: ethyl acetate/hexane=1/2) to obtain 3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxylate (1.05 g).

[0966] mp 80-81° C.

Synthesis Example 12

[0967]

149

[0968] Process (h):

[0969] To a solution of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrazolidin-3-one (1.1 g) and 60% sodium hydride (0.2 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml), after stirring for 1 hour, a solution of 3,4-dichloroisothiazol-5-ylcarbonyl chloride (1.00 g) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was added at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 5 hours. After the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: methylene chloride/ethanol=99/1) to obtain 2-(3,4-dichloro-3-isothiazolecarbonyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrazolidin-3-one (0.4 g).

[0970] mp 164-167° C.

Synthesis Example 13

[0971]

150

[0972] Process (f):

[0973] To a solution of N′-(2-cyano-2-phenylvinyl)-N-methylhydrazine (1.0 g) and triethylamine (0.6 g) in methylene chloride (20 ml), 3,4-dichloroisothiazol-5-ylcarbonyl chloride (1.1 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform) to obtain N′-(2-cyano-2-phenylvinyl)-N-methyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbohydrazide (0.6 g).

[0974] mp 130-139° C.

Synthesis Example 14

[0975]

151

[0976] Process (f):

[0977] To a solution of potassium hydroxide (6.1 g) in ethanol (50 ml), saturated with hydrogen sulfide at 0° C., 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbonyl chloride (10.0 g) was added at a temperature lower than 15° C. within more than 1 hour and the mixture was stirred for further 2 hours. The deposit was filtered off and the residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was dissolved in cold water and washed with benzene. The aqueous solution was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid, extracted with ether, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbothioic O-acid (8.1 g)

[0978] mp 79-80° C.

Synthesis Example 15

[0979]

152

[0980] Process (g):

[0981] To a solution of 3-amino-1,2-propanediol (3.2 g) in methanol, methyl 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxylate (6.4 g) was added under ice cooling and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Ethyl acetate was added to the residue, obtained by distilling off methanol under reduced pressure, and the organic layer was successively washed with diluted hydrochloric acid, a saturated solution of sodium chloride in water, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and then with a solution of sodium chloride in water. After the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (6.6 g).

[0982] mp 68-72° C.

Synthesis Example 16

[0983]

153

[0984] Process (h):

[0985] To a solution of diethyl (4-chlorobenzylidene)-malonate (1.33 g) and 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbobydrazide (1.00 g) in ethyl acetate (30 ml), sodium acetate (0.39 g) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 6 hours by heating. The crystals, deposited upon adding water to the reaction mixture, were filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate to obtain 2-(3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbonyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-one (1.37 g).

[0986] mp higher than 250° C.

Synthesis Example 17

[0987]

154

[0988] Process (i):

[0989] After adding 60% sodium hydride (0.2 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide to a solution of 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbohydrazide (1.00 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide and stirring for 10 minutes, 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenoyl chloride (0.9 g) was added under ice cooling and the mixture was stirred for 16 hours. The crystals, deposited upon adding water and ethyl acetate to the reaction mixture, were filtered off and purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform to chloroform/ethanol=98/2 gradient elution) to obtain 2-(3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbonyl)-4-methyl-5-phenylpyrazol-3-one (0.4 g).

[0990] mp 190-191° C.

Synthesis Example 18

[0991]

155

[0992] Process (j):

[0993] To a solution of 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbohydrazide (0.6 g) and 2-formyl-2-phenylacetonitrile (0.4 g) in ethanol (40 ml) a catalytic amount of acetic acid was added and the mixture was refluxed for 3 hours by heating. After natural cooling, the deposited crystals were filtered off and washed with ethanol to obtain N′-(2-cyano-2-phenylvinyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarbohydrazide (0.9 g).

[0994] mp 212-214° C.

Synthesis Example 19

[0995]

156

[0996] Process (l):

[0997] A mixed solution of 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.0 g) and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (5 ml) was stirred at 100° C. for 6 hours. The deposit was washed with water to obtain N-dimethylaminomethylidene-3,4-dichloro-5-iso thiazolecarboxamide (1. 1 g).

[0998] mp 196-197° C.

Synthesis Example 20

[0999]

157

[1000] Process (m):

[1001] To a solution of N-allyl-N-phenyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.94 g) and trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate (0.45 g) in water-tetrahydrofuran (1 ml/30 ml) a catalytic amount of osmium (VIII) oxide was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. An aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate was added to the reaction mixture, which then was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with a saturated solution of sodium chloride in water and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methylene chloride to ethyl acetate gradient elution) to obtain N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-N-phenyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.0 g).

[1002] nD20 1.5962

Synthesis Example 21

[1003]

158

[1004] Process (n):

[1005] To a solution of N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.4 g) and acetone dimethylacetal (0.7 g) in 1,2-dichloroethane (30 ml) a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours by heating. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: methylene chloride/ethanol=96/4) to obtain N-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl]-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.9 g).

[1006] mp 132-133° C.

Synthesis Example 22

[1007]

159

[1008] Process (o):

[1009] 3,4-Dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.8 g) was added to a suspension of 60% sodium hydride (0.2 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. 2-Chloro-2-(trifluoromethylphenyl)imino-acetonitrile (1.0 g) was then added at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours.

[1010] The reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of ice and diluted hydrochloric acid, extracted with methylene chloride, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.

[1011] The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform/ethyl acetate=98/2) to obtain N-[cyano-(4-trifluoromethylphenylimino)-methyl]-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.6 g).

[1012] mp 151-153° C.

Synthesis Example 23

[1013]

160

[1014] Process (p):

[1015] To a solution of 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (2.00 g) and trifluoroacetaldehyde hemiethylacetal (1.63 g) in toluene, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.24 g) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 3 hours by heating. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with a saturated solution of sodium chloride in water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: ethyl acetate/hexane=1/2) to obtain N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.50 g, mp 90-93° C.) and N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-ethoxyethyl)-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.58 g, mp 99-101° C.).

Synthesis Example 24

[1016]

161

[1017] Process (p):

[1018] To a solution of 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (10.0 g) and paraformaldehyde (1.80 g) in acetonitrile (300 ml), potassium carbonate (8.0 g) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice water and the deposited crystals were filtered off, washed with water and dried to obtain N-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (6.3 g).

[1019] mp 90-93° C.

Synthesis Example 25

[1020]

162

[1021] Process (q):

[1022] A solution of N-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.0 g) and triethylamine (0.5 g) in methylene chloride was cooled to 0° C. 4-Trifluoromethylbenzoyl chloride (0.9 g) was added and the mixture was stirred for a day. After washing the reaction mixture with water, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: methylene chloride) to obtain N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzoyloxy)-methyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.2 g).

[1023] mp 120-121° C.

Synthesis Example 26

[1024]

163

[1025] Process (r):

[1026] To a solution of N-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (1.0 g) in methylene chloride (50 ml), 3 drops of pyridine and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate (0.8 g) were added and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for a day. After washing the reaction solution with water, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue, obtained by distilling off the solvent, was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluant: ethyl acetate:hexane=1:3) to obtain N-[N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-carbamoyloxymethyl]-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (0.7 g).

[1027] mp 117-119° C.

[1028] The compounds obtained in a similar manner as the above-mentioned Synthesis Examples 1-26 are shown, together with the compounds synthesized in Synthesis Examples 1-26, in the following Tables 1-7.

1TABLE 1(I)

164

Melting pointCompound(mp)(° C.) orNo.AR2Zn20D1.NHH

165

168-1702.NCH3H

166

3.NHH

167

4.NHH

168

5.NHH

169

1346.NCH3H

170

7.NHH

171

163-1648.NCH3H

172

9.NHH

173

10.NCH3H

174

11.NHH

175

12.NHH

176

13.NHH

177

14.NHH

178

15.NHH

179

16.NHH

180

17.NHH

181

18.NHH

182

19.NHH

183

20.NHH

184

21.NCH3H

185

22.NHH

186

151-15423.NCH3H

187

1.610824.NHH

188

25.NHH

189

26.NHH

190

132-13627.NCH3H

191

28.NHH

192

29.NHH

193

30.NHH

194

166-16731.NCH3H

195

32.NHH

196

175-17733.NCH3H

197

34.NHH

198

152-16035.NCH3H

199

36.NHH

200

62-6637.NCH3H

201

1.598938.NHH

202

149-15039.NCH3H

203

40.NHH

204

173-17441.NCH3H

205

42.NHH

206

43.NCH3H

207

44.NHH

208

1.574245.NHHOH137-14046.NHHOCH379-8747.NHH

209

48.NHCF3OH90-9349.NHCF3OC2H5 99-10150.NCH3HOCH351.NCH3H

210

52.NCH3H

211

53.NHH

212

86-8854.NHH

213

55.NCH3HOH56.NCH3H

214

57.NHH

215

120-12158.NHH

216

117-11959.NHHSCH374-7760.NHCF3SCH361.NHH

217

62.NHCF3

218

63.NHH

219

64.NHCF3

220

65.NHH

221

106-10766.NHCF3

222

67.NHH

223

170-17168.NHCF3

224

124-12769.NHH

225

137-13870.NHHSO2CH371.NHH

226

175-17672.NHH

227

73.NCH3HSCH31.600974.NCH3H

228

75.NCH3H

229

1.631076.NHH

230

176-17777.NHH

231

1.604978.NHH

232

84-8679.NCH3H

233

1.593580.NCH3H

234

81.NCH3HPO(OCH3)282.NCH3HPO(OC2H5)21.529283.NCH3H

235

100-10484.NCH3H

236

1.671285.NHH

237

86.NHH

238

87.NHH

239

142-14488.NHH

240

89.NHC3H7-n

241

1.575990.NHC6H13-n

242

1.572091.NHC3H7-iso

243

152-15392.NH

244

245

1.572093.NH

246

247

amorphous94.NCH3H

248

98-9995.NHH

249

75-7896.NHH

250

1.555397.OH

251

98.OH

252

80-8199.OH

253

100.OH

254

106-109101.OH

255

112-113102.OH

256

90-92103.OH

257

102-108104.OH

258

1.5640105.OH

259

75-76106.OH

260

104-105107.OH

261

81-82107a..NHH

262

107b

263

264

107cNHCF3

265

107dNHCCl3

266

107eNHCF3OC3H7-iso107fNHCCl3OC3H7-iso107gNHCF3

267

107hNHCCl3

268

107iNHCF3OCH2CF2CHF2107jNHCCl3OCH2CF2CHF2107kNHCF3

269

107lNHH

270

[1029]

2

TABLE 2

(Ie)

271

Com-

Melting

pound

point ° C. or

No.
A
R2
R4
R5
n20D

108.
NH
H

272

CHO
102-103

109.
NH
H

273

CHO
1.6206

110.
NH
H

274

CHO
137-138

111.
NH
H

275

CHO

112.
NH
C3H7-n
H
COCH3
162-165

113.
NH
H
CH3
COCH3
1.5740

114.
NH
H
C2H5
COCH3

115.
NH
H
C3H7-n
COCH3

116.
NH
H
C3H7-iso
COCH3

117.
NH
H

276

COCH3

118.
NH
H

277

COCH3

119.
NH
H

278

COCH3

120.
NH
H

279

COCH3

121.
NH
H
CH3
COC4H9-tert
100-101

122.
NH
H
CH3

280

1.5921

123.
NH
H
C2H5

281

124.
NH
H
C3H7-n

282

125.
NH
H
C3H7-iso

283

126.
NH
H

284

285

98-102

127.
NH
H

286

287

128.
NH
H
CH3

288

1.6040

129.
NH
H
CH3

289

130.
NCH3
H
CH3
CHO

131.
NCH3
H
C2H5
CHO

132.
NCH3
H
C3H7-n
CHO

133.
NCH3
H
C3H7-iso
CHO

134.
NCH3
H

290

CHO

135.
NCH3
H

291

CHO

136.
NCH3
H

292

CHO

137.
NCH3
H
CH3
COCH3
1.5552

138.
NCH3
H
C2H5
COCH3

139.
NCH3
H
C3H7-n
COCH3

140.
NCH3
H
C3H7-iso
COCH3

141.
NCH3
H

293

COCH3

142.
NCH3
H

294

COCH3

143.
NCH3
H

295

COCH3

144.
NCH3
H

296

COCH3

145.
NCH3
H
CH3

297

146.
NCH3
H
C2H5

298

147.
NCH3
H
C3H7-n

299

148.
NCH3
H
C3H7-iso

300

149.
NCH3
H

301

302

150.
NCH3
H

303

304

45-48

151.
NCH3
H
CH3

305

36-38

152.
NCH3
H
CH3

306

153.
NH
H
H

307

175-177

154.
NH
H

308

309

185-188

155.
S
H
CH3
COCH3
1.6012

156.
NH
H
CH3
SO2CH3
113-114

157.
NH
H
CH3

310

111-115

158.
NCH3
H
CH3
SO2CH3

159.
NCH3
H
CH3

311

76-78

[1030]

3

TABLE 3

(If)

312

Melting point (mp)° C.

Compound

or

No.
R1
Rn
n20D

160.
H
H
212-214

161.
CH3
H
130-139

162.
H
2-F
230-232

163.
H
3-F
218-221

164.
H
4-F
220-222

165.
H
2-Cl
216-218

166.
H
3-Cl
220

167.
H
4-Cl
216

168.
H
2-Br

169.
H
3-Br

170.
H
4-Br
230-231

171.
H
2-I

172.
H
2-CN

173.
H
2-CH3

174.
H
3-CH3

175.
H
4-CH3
192-196

176.
H
4-C2H5

177.
H
4-C3H7-iso

178.
H
2-CF3

179.
H
3-CF3

180.
H
4-CF3

181.
H
2-OCH3

182.
H
3-OCH3

183.
H
4-OCH3
218-219

184.
H
3-OCF3

185.
H
4-OCF3

186.
H

313

187.
H

314

188.
H

315

189.
H

316

190.
H
2,3,-F2

191.
H
2,4,-F2
>250

192.
H
2,5-F2

193.
H
3,4-F2

194.
H
3,5-F2

195.
H
2,4-Cl2
217-219

196.
H
3,4-Cl2
237-239

197.
H
2,5-(CH3)2

198.
H
3,5-(CH3)2

199.
H
3,5-(CF3)2

200.
H
3,4-(OCH3)2
212-214

201.
H
3,5-(OCH3)2

202.
H
3,4-(CH2OCH2)

203.
H
3,4,5-(OCH3)3

204.
H

317

205.
H

318

[1031]

4

TABLE

(I)

319

Com-

Melting point (mp) ° C.

pound

or

No.
A
-(Q)kZ
n20D

206.
NH
CH2CH═CH2
65-66

207.
NH
CH(CH3)CH═CH2

208.
NH
CH2C(CH3)═CH2

209.
NCH3
CH2CH═CH2

210.
NC2H5
CH2CH═CH2

211.

320

CH2CH═CH2

212.

321

CH2CH═CH2

213.
NH

322

1.5723

214.

323

CH2CH═CH2
1.6012

215.
NC3H7-iso
CH2C(CH3)═CH2
1.5480

216.
NH

324

217.
NH
CH2CH═CHCH3

218.
NH
CH2CH(OH)CH2OH
68-72

219.

325

CH2CH(OH)CH2OH
1.5962

220.
NC3H7-iso

326

126-127

221.
NH

327

222.
NH

328

223.
NH

329

224.
NCH3
CH2CH(OH)CH2OH

225.

330

CH2CH(OH)CH2OH

226.

331

CH2CH(OH)CH2OH

227.
NC2H5

332

228.
NH

333

229.
NH

334

107-108

230.
NH

335

132-133

231.
NH

336

1.5526

232.
NH

337

1.5570

233.
NH

338

1.5268

234.
NH

339

1.5452

235.
NH

340

1.5247

236.
NH

341

1.5155

237.
NH

342

1.5440

238.
NH

343

1.5375

239.
NH

344

1.5560

240.
NH

345

1.5340

241.
NH

346

1.5382

242.
NH

347

1.5526

243.
NH

348

1.5381

244.
NH

349

1.5332

245.
O

350

1.5285

245a.
NC2H5
CH2C(CH3)═CH2

245b.
O

351

245c.
O

352

245d.
NH

353

245e.
NH

354

245f.
NH

355

245g.
NH

356

[1032]

5

TABLE 5

(I)

357

Melting

Com-

point

pound

(mp)(° C.) or

No.
A
(-Q)k-Z
n20D

246.
NH
C(CH3)2CH2OH
1.5722

247.
NH
(CH2)3OH
70-71

248.
NH
CH2CHCH3OH
82-86

249.
NH
CH2CH(C2H5)OH
91-33

250.
NH

358

83-86

251.
NC2H5
CH2CH2OH
1.5680

252.
NC3H7-iso
CH2CH2OH
88-91

253.
NH

359

1.5843

254.
NH

360

93-95

255.
NH
CH(CH3)CH2OH
108-109

256.
NH
CH(C3H7-iso)CH2OH
1.5586

257.
NCH3
CH2CH(C4H9-tert)OH
83-87

258.
NH

361

122-129

259.
NCH2CH2OH
CH2CH2OH
1.5550

260.
O

362

156-158

261.
O

363

115-117

262.
NH
CH2CH2NHCH3
81-83

263.
NH
CH2CH2N(CH3)2

264.
NH
(CH2)3NHCH3
1.5699

265.
NH

364

63-65

266.
NH
(CH2)3N(CH3)2

267.
NH
CH(CH3)(CH2)3N(C2H5)2

268.
NH
(CH2)2NHCH2CH2OH
1.5583

269.
NH
(CH2)2NHCH2CH(CH3)OH
96-99

270.
NH

365

151-153

271.
NH

366

168-172

272.
NH

367

169-175 (decomp.)

273.
S
H
79-80

273a.
NH
CH2CH2N(C2H5)2

[1033]

6

TABLE 6

(Ig)

368

Com-

pound

Melting point

No.
Het
(mp(° C.) or n20D

274.

369

1.5622

275.

370

1.5831

276.

371

181-185

277.

372

>250

278

373

211-214

279.

374

198-199

280.

375

163-164

281.

376

160-163

282.

377

191-193

283.

378

164-167

284.

379

285.

380

193-194

286.

381

190-194

287.

382

140-141

288.

383

>250

289.

384

190-191

289a.

385

[1034]

7

TABLE 7

(Ih)

386

Compound

Melting point (mp)(° C.)

No.
Z
or n20D

290.
N(CH3)2
196-197

291.
N(C2H5)2

292.
N(C3H7-iso)2

293.
N(C4H9-n)2

294.
N(C3H7-iso)CH3

295.

387

296.

388

297.

389

[1035] Preparation of Intermediates

Synthesis Example 27

[1036]

390

[1037] A suspension, obtained by adding 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (2.0 g) and paraformaldebyde (0.3 g) to chlorotrimethylsilane (20 ml) was refluxed in a sealed tube for 3 hours by heating. After the solvent was distilled off, methylene chloride was added and the insoluble product was filtered off. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain N-chloromethyl-3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazolecarboxamide (2.0 g).

[1038] mp 98-99.

[1039] The intermediate compounds obtained in a similar manner as the above-mentioned Synthesis Example 27 are shown, together with the compound synthesized in Synthesis Example 27, in the following Table 8.

8TABLE 8(IV)

391

Melting pointCompound(mp(° C.)No.R1bR2bXn20DIV-1HHCl98-99IV-2CH3HCl1.5818IV-3HCF3Cl

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLES

Test Example A

[1040] Test of foliar spray effect against Pyricularia oryzae

[1041] Preparation of Formulations of the Compounds Tested

[1042] Active compound: 30-40 parts by weight

[1043] Carrier: mixture of diatomaceous earth and kaolin (1:5), 55-65 parts by weight

[1044] Emulsifier: polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, 5 parts by weight

[1045] The above-mentioned amounts of active compound, carrier and emulsifier are crushed and mixed to make a wettable powder. A portion of the wettable powder comprising the prescribed amount of active compound is diluted with water and used for testing.

[1046] Testing Procedure

[1047] Seedlings of paddy rice (cultivar: Kusabue) were cultivated in plastic pots each having a diameter of 6 cm. The previously prepared solution of the prescribed concentration of active compound was sprayed over the seedlings in the 1.5-2 leaf stage, at a rate of 20 ml per 3 pots. 5 days after the application, a suspension of spores of artificially cultured Pyricularia oryzae was sprayed on the test plants once for inoculation, and the plants were kept at 25° C. and 100% relative humidity for infection. 7 days after the inoculation, the infection rate per pot was classified and evaluated according to the following standard and the control value (%) was calculated. Phytotoxicity was tested at the same time. This test is an average of the results of 3 replications. The evaluation of the infection rate and the calculation method of the control value are identical in each of the Test Examples A-D.

9Infection ratePercentage of lesion area in (%)000.5less than 212-less than 525-less than 10310-less than 20420-less than 405more than 40

[1048]

Control value (%) = (1 - \frac{Infection rate of treated section}{Infection rate of untreated section}) \times 100

[1049] Test Results

[1050] Compounds No. 7, 26, 32, 34, 37, 38, 45, 48, 52, 59, 65, 67, 71, 73, 75, 76, 89, 93, 98, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112, 113, 121, 128, 151 and 153 showed control values of more than 80% at an active compound concentration of 500 ppm. No phytotoxicity was observed.

Test Example B

[1051] Test of water surface application effect against Pyricularia oryzae.

[1052] Testing Procedure

[1053] Seedlings of paddy rice (cultivar: Kusabue) in the 1.5 leaf stage were cultivated in plastic pots each having a diameter of 6 cm. The seedlings were then transplanted into irrigated plastic cups each having a diameter of 10 cm, one seedling per pot, and the water just covering the soil. The solution of the prescribed concentration of the active compound, which had been prepared in the same manner as that of Test Example A, was dropped to the water surface with a pipette at a rate of 5 ml per pot. 7 days after the chemical treatment, a suspension of spores of artificially cultured Pryricularia oryzae was sprayed once on the test plants for inoculation, and the plants were kept at a temperature of 25° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of 100%. Seven days after the inoculation, the infection rate per pot was classified and evaluated, and further the control value (%) was calculated. Phytotoxicity was tested at the same time.

[1054] This test is an average of the results of 3 replications.

[1055] Test Results

[1056] Compounds No. 1, 7, 22, 26, 30, 38, 48, 49, 67, 73, 75, 76, 92, 98, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112, 113, 121, 122, 128, 137 and 154 showed control values of more than 80% at an active compound rate of 8 kg/ha. No phytotoxicity was observed.

Test Example C

[1057] Test for the effect of seed treatment against Pyricularia oryzae

[1058] Testing Procedure

[1059] Seeds of paddy rice (cultivar: Kasabue) were soaked in a diluted solution of an active compound having the prescribed concentration. 5 ml of such solution, which had been prepared in the same manner as that of Test Example A, were used per 150 grains of seed. Soaking was conducted at a temperature of 20° C. for 5 days. After the soaking, the air-dried seeds were sown in 2 plastic pots, each having a diameter of 9 cm, and the seeds were germinated by placing the pots in a warmed nursery box (32° C.) for 3 days. After cultivating the seedlings for 2 weeks, the plants reached the 2-2.5 leaf stage. A spore suspension of artificially cultured Pyricularia oryzae was then sprayed on the test plants once, and the plants were kept at a temperature of 25° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of 100% for infection. Seven days after the inoculation, the infection rate per pot was classified and evaluated and the control value (%) was calculated. Phytotoxicity was tested at the same time.

[1060] This test is an average of the results of 2 replications.

[1061] Test Results

[1062] Compounds No. 1, 7, 26, 30, 38, 49, 58, 76, 89, 92, 93, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 121, 126, 128, 137, 150, 153, 154, 288 and 290 showed control values of more than 80% at an active compound concentration of 500 ppm. No phytotoxicity was observed.

Test Example D

[1063] Spraying test against Phytophthora infestans.

[1064] Testing Procedure

[1065] About 1 seed of tomato (cultivar: Regina) was sown in each plastic pot of a diameter of 6 cm, and raised in a greenhouse at 15-25° C. The solution obtained by diluting the prepared formulation of the test compound to the prescribed concentration as mentioned above, was sprayed at a rate of 20 ml per 3 pots over seedlings which had reached the 4 leaf stage. Zoosporangia formed on the lesion of tomato plants, which previously had been infected with Phytophthora infestans, were washed down with a brush into distilled water to make a suspension. Five days after the tomato plants had been sprayed with the solution of active compound, the suspension was sprayed on the plants once for inoculation, and the treated plants were kept at a temperature of 20° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of 100%. Four days after the inoculation, the infection rate per pot was classified and the control value (%/0) was calculated. Phytotoxicity was tested at the same time.

[1066] This test is an average of the results of 3 replications.

[1067] Test Results

[1068] Compounds No. 22, 30, 34, 37, 38, 45, 52, 58, 65, 69, 71, 89, 90, 92, 93, 100, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 113, 137, 150, 151, 153 and 290 showed control values of more than 80% at an active compound concentration of 500 ppm. No phytotoxicity was observed.

FORMULATION EXAMPLES

Formulation Example I

Granules

[1069] 25 parts by weight of water were added to a mixture of 10 parts by weight of Compound No. 30 according to the invention, 30 parts by weight of bentonite (montmorillonite), 58 parts by weight of talc and 2 parts by weight of lignin sulphonic acid salt, and the mixture was kneaded thoroughly. The resulting product was granulated by means of an extrusion granulator to form granules having a size of from 10 to 40 meshes. The granules were dried at a temperature between 40 and 50° C.

Formulation Example II

Granules

[1070] 95 parts by weight of a clay mineral having a particle size distribution within a range of from 0.2 to 2 mm were introduced into a rotary mixer. This product was uniformly wetted by spraying thereto under rotation a mixture of 5 parts by weight of Compound No. 38 according to the invention and a liquid diluent. The granules obtained in this manner were dried at a temperature between 40 and 50° C.

Formulation Example III

Emulsifiable Concentrate

[1071] An emulsifiable concentrate was prepared by mixing 30 parts by weight of Compound No. 106 according to the invention, 5 parts by weight of xylene, 8 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether and 7 parts by weight of calcium alkylbenzene sulphonate with stirring.

Formulation Example IV

Wettable Powder

[1072] A wettable powder was prepared by thoroughly mixing 15 parts by weight of Compound No. 108 according to the invention, 80 parts by weight of a mixture (1:5) of White Carbon (fine powder of hydrated non-crystalline silicon oxide) and powdery clay, 2 parts by weight of sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate and 3 parts by weight of a condensate of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulphonate and formaldehyde in powdery state.

Formulation Example V

Wettable Granules

[1073] 20 parts by weight of Compound No. 113 according to the invention, 30 parts by weight of sodium lignin sulphonate, 15 parts by weight of bentonite and 35 parts by weight of calcined diatomaceous earth powder were thoroughly mixed with water. The resulting product was granulated by means of extrusion through a 0.3 mm screen. After drying the product, wettable granules were obtained.

Isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives and their use as microbicides

Information

Publication Number

Date Filed

Date Published

Inventors

CPC

US Classifications

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims

Priority Claims (1)

PCT Information