Patent Grant
7991782
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to data processing, and more particularly, to the accessing data through a logical framework.
2. Description of the Related Art
Databases are computerized information storage and retrieval systems. The most prevalent type of database is the relational database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A relational database management system (DBMS) is a database management system that uses relational techniques for storing and retrieving data.
Regardless of the particular architecture, in a DBMS, a requesting entity (e.g., an application, the operating system or a user) demands access to a specified database by issuing a database access request. Such requests may include, for instance, simple catalog lookup requests or transactions and combinations of transactions that operate to read, change and add specified records in the database. These requests are made using high-level query languages such as the Structured Query Language (SQL). Illustratively, SQL is used to make interactive queries for getting information from and updating a database such as International Business Machines' (IBM) DB2, Microsoft's SQL Server, and database products from Oracle, Sybase, and Computer Associates. The term “query” denominates a set of commands for retrieving data from a stored database. Queries take the form of a command language that lets programmers and programs select, insert, update, find out the location of data, and so forth.
In many cases, particularly in research-oriented environments, the task of analyzing information is typically a multi-step process involving generation of an initial set of query results that is further reduced through subsequent queries. For example, in a medical research environment, an initial query could be posed to find a set of research candidates meeting a particular diagnosis or test result profile. In a large data warehouse environment, it may take a lot of time and resources to process a query of this nature, in particular if the criteria specified is complex. Once the query results are returned, it may be desirable to apply other criteria to further reduce or subset the results returned. While this could be accomplished by extending the original query with additional logic, it would be more efficient to perform the subsequent query against the results of the original query. Unfortunately, current methods to address this scenario are typically rather manual and error prone. Specifically, the user is required to go through several steps to save the results from the original query in a form that would allow for subsequent queries to be performed against it. In a relational environment, this would require a table to be created to hold the results of the original query. Similarly, in an XML-based repository, query result data would need to be stored in the repository in order to be re-queried. In either case, the user would then need to understand the physical schema used to represent the initial query results and expresses subsequent query taking this schema into account.
Another problem encountered in the iterative query scenario is that a subsequent query may not return a desired set of results. The user may then wish to go back to a prior point in the progression of intermediate query results. Using conventional techniques the user must consciously save the results from each query in order to re-establish a prior query iteration.
Therefore, what is needed is a query framework providing flexibility in data analysis.
The present invention provides a method, system and article of manufacture for accessing physical data through an abstraction model. The abstraction model includes metadata describing and defining a plurality of logical fields.
In one aspect, a method of using a logical framework to query data is provided. The method includes at least defining a logical view of the data; and iteratively restricting the logical view of the data for each successive abstract query, based on at least one result criterion of an immediately previous abstract query.
In another aspect, a method for constructing abstract queries defined by logical fields is provided. The method includes at least providing an initial abstract data model defining a plurality of logical fields mapped to physical data having a particular schema; receiving a first abstract query comprising at least one condition and a result criterion comprising at least one of the plurality of logical fields; transforming the first abstract query into an executable query with reference to the initial abstract data model; executing the executable query; returning results produced by execution of the executable query; and generating another abstract data model comprising only the at least one of the plurality of logical fields of the result criterion, wherein the at least one of the plurality of logical fields is mapped to the results.
In another aspect, a method for constructing abstract queries defined by logical fields is provided. The method includes at least providing an initial abstract data model defining a plurality of logical fields and mapping each logical field to physical data; receiving a first abstract query comprising at least two logical fields defined by the initial abstract data model; transforming the first abstract query into an executable query with reference to the initial abstract data model; executing the executable query; returning results produced by execution of the executable query; and generating another abstract data model. Generating another abstract data model includes, for each of the at least two logical fields of the first abstract query, (i) retrieving, from the initial abstract data model, a logical field definition for the logical field; (ii) updating the logical field definition to refer to a portion of the results; and (iii) adding the updated logical field definition to the another abstract data model.
Yet another aspect provides a computer-readable medium containing a program which, when executed by a processor, performs an operation for each abstract query in a succession of abstract queries. The operation includes at least initializing an abstract data model; adding to the abstract data model only those one or more logical fields defined as result fields in the abstract query; mapping each logical field of the abstract data model to a different portion of results returned for the abstract query as a result of being executed; making the abstract data model available for construction of a next abstract query in the succession of abstract queries, whereby logical fields defined by a given abstract data model are limited to those defined as result fields in a last-executed abstract query of the succession of abstract queries.
Still another aspect provides a computer comprising a memory and at least one processor, and further comprising a framework for defining and processing abstract queries for accessing physical data. The framework includes at least an abstract data model generator configured to generate abstract data models based on (i) a logical result field of a last-executed abstract query in a series of abstract queries; and (ii) results returned for the last-executed abstract query. Each abstract data model defines a logical view of the data and includes at least (a) a logical field definition only for each logical result field of the last-executed abstract query; and (b) mapping information for each of the one or more logical field definitions, which maps each of the logical field definitions to a separate portion of the results returned for the last-executed abstract query.
So that the manner in which the above recited features, advantages and objects of the present invention are attained and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
Introduction
One embodiment of the invention is implemented as a program product for use with a computer system and described below. The program(s) of the program product defines functions of the embodiments (including the methods described herein) and can be contained on a variety of signal-bearing media. Illustrative signal-bearing media include, but are not limited to: (i) information permanently stored on non-writable storage media (e.g., read-only memory devices within a computer such as CD-ROM disks readable by a CD-ROM drive); (ii) alterable information stored on writable storage media (e.g., floppy disks within a diskette drive or hard-disk drive); or (iii) information conveyed to a computer by a communications medium, such as through a computer or telephone network, including wireless communications. The latter embodiment specifically includes information downloaded from the Internet and other networks. Such signal-bearing media, when carrying computer-readable instructions that direct the functions of the present invention, represent embodiments of the present invention.
In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the invention, may be part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, module, object, or sequence of instructions. The software of the present invention typically is comprised of a multitude of instructions that will be translated by the native computer into a machine-readable format and hence executable instructions. Also, programs are comprised of variables and data structures that either reside locally to the program or are found in memory or on storage devices. In addition, various programs described hereinafter may be identified based upon the application for which they are implemented in a specific embodiment of the invention. However, it should be appreciated that any particular nomenclature that follows is used merely for convenience, and thus the invention should not be limited to use solely in any specific application identified and/or implied by such nomenclature.
In one embodiment, a particular data definition framework (also referred to herein as a data repository abstraction (DRA) layer/component/model or abstract data model) is provided for accessing (e.g., querying and modifying) data independent of the particular manner in which the data is physically represented. The DRA includes metadata describing and defining a plurality of logical fields which map to physical data. For each iterative query, a DRA is derived based on the results of the query. The subsequent query is then executed based on the most current derived DRA.
Physical View of Environment
The client computer 102 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 110 connected via a bus 130 to a memory 112, storage 114, an input device 116, an output device 119, and a network interface device 118. The input device 116 can be any device to give input to the client computer 102. For example, a keyboard, keypad, light-pen, touch-screen, track-ball, or speech recognition unit, audio/video player, and the like could be used. The output device 119 can be any device to give output to the user, e.g., any conventional display screen. Although shown separately from the input device 116, the output device 119 and input device 116 could be combined. For example, a display screen with an integrated touch-screen, a display with an integrated keyboard, or a speech recognition unit combined with a text speech converter could be used.
The network interface device 118 may be any entry/exit device configured to allow network communications between the client computer 102 and the server computer 104 via the network 126. For example, the network interface device 118 may be a network adapter or other network interface card (NIC).
Storage 114 is preferably a Direct Access Storage Device (DASD). Although it is shown as a single unit, it could be a combination of fixed and/or removable storage devices, such as fixed disc drives, floppy disc drives, tape drives, removable memory cards, or optical storage. The memory 112 and storage 114 could be part of one virtual address space spanning multiple primary and secondary storage devices.
The memory 112 is preferably a random access memory sufficiently large to hold the necessary programming and data structures of the invention. While the memory 112 is shown as a single entity, it should be understood that the memory 112 may in fact comprise a plurality of modules, and that the memory 112 may exist at multiple levels, from high speed registers and caches to lower speed but larger DRAM chips.
Illustratively, the memory 112 contains an operating system 124. Illustrative operating systems, which may be used to advantage, include Linux and Microsoft's Windows®. More generally, any operating system supporting the functions disclosed herein may be used.
The memory 112 is also shown containing a browser program 122 that, when executed on CPU 110, provides support for navigating between the various servers 104 and locating network addresses at one or more of the servers 104. In one embodiment, the browser program 122 includes a web-based Graphical User Interface (GUI), which allows the user to display Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) information. More generally, however, the browser program 122 may be any GUI-based program capable of rendering the information transmitted from the server computer 104.
The server computer 104 may be physically arranged in a manner similar to the client computer 102. Accordingly, the server computer 104 is shown generally comprising a CPU 130, a memory 132, and a storage device 134, coupled to one another by a bus 136. Memory 132 may be a random access memory sufficiently large to hold the necessary programming and data structures that are located on the server computer 104.
The server computer 104 is generally under the control of an operating system 138 shown residing in memory 132. Examples of the operating system 138 include IBM OS/400®, UNIX, Microsoft Windows®, and the like. More generally, any operating system capable of supporting the functions described herein may be used.
The memory 132 further includes one or more applications 140 and an abstract query interface 146. The applications 140 and the abstract query interface 146 are software products comprising a plurality of instructions that are resident at various times in various memory and storage devices in the computer system 100. When read and executed by one or more processors 130 in the server 104, the applications 140 and the abstract query interface 146 cause the computer system 100 to perform the steps necessary to execute steps or elements embodying the various aspects of the invention. The applications 140 (and more generally, any requesting entity, including the operating system 138 and, at the highest level, users) issue queries against a database. Illustrative sources against which queries may be issued include local databases 1561 . . . 156N, and remote databases 1571 . . . 157N, collectively referred to as database(s) 156-157). Illustratively, the databases 156 are shown as part of a database management system (DBMS) 154 in storage 134. More generally, as used herein, the term “databases” refers to any collection of data regardless of the particular physical representation. By way of illustration, the databases 156-157 may be organized according to a relational schema (accessible by SQL queries) or according to an XML schema (accessible by XML queries). However, the invention is not limited to a particular schema and contemplates extension to schemas presently unknown. As used herein, the term “schema” generically refers to a particular arrangement of data which is described by a data repository abstraction 148.
In one embodiment, the queries issued by the applications 140 are defined according to an application query specification 142 included with each application 140. The queries issued by the applications 140 may be predefined (i.e., hard coded as part of the applications 140) or may be generated in response to input (e.g., user input). In either case, the queries (referred to herein as “abstract queries”) are composed using logical fields defined by the abstract query interface 146. In particular, the logical fields used in the abstract queries are defined by the data repository abstraction (DRA) component 148 of the abstract query interface 146. The abstract queries are executed by a runtime component 150 which transforms the abstract queries into a form (referred to herein as a concrete query) consistent with the physical representation of the data contained in one or more of the databases 156-157. The queries may be configured to access the data and return results, or to modify (i.e., insert, delete or update) the data. The application query specification 142, the abstract query interface 146 and the data repository abstraction component 148 are further described with reference to
In one embodiment, elements of a query are specified by a user through a graphical user interface (GUI). The content of the GUIs is generated by the application(s) 140. In a particular embodiment, the GUI content is hypertext markup language (HTML) content which may be rendered on the client computer systems 102 with the browser program 122. Accordingly, the memory 132 includes a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) server process 138 (e.g., a web server) adapted to service requests from the client computer 102. For example, the process 138 may respond to requests to access a database(s) 156, which illustratively resides on the server 104. Incoming client requests for data from a database 156-157 invoke an application 140. When executed by the processor 130, the application 140 causes the server computer 104 to perform the steps or elements embodying the various aspects of the invention, including accessing the database(s) 156-157. In one embodiment, the application 140 comprises a plurality of servlets configured to build GUI elements, which are then rendered by the browser program 122. Where the remote databases 157 are accessed via the application 140, the data repository abstraction component 148 is configured with a location specification identifying the database containing the data to be retrieved. This latter embodiment will be described in more detail below.
In one embodiment, the server computer 104 is further configured with a data repository abstraction generator 164 (DRA generator). The DRA generator 164 is invoked to generate data repository abstraction components or to modify the existing data repository abstraction component. For example, DRA generator may generate modified versions of the data repository abstraction component 148, either by replacing the data repository abstraction component or changing its attributes. Such modified versions are also referred to herein as “derived DRAs” because the modified versions are derived from a preexisting DRA. In one embodiment, a derived DRA persists in memory only for a user session. For example, a derived DRA may be discarded once a user logs off of the system. Alternatively, a derived DRA may be stored and retrieved for later use.
Logical/Runtime View of Environment
The logical fields specified by the application query specification 142 and used to compose the abstract query 202 are defined by the data repository abstraction component 148. In general, the data repository abstraction component 148 exposes information as a set of logical fields that may be used within a query (e.g., the abstract query 202) issued by the application 140 to specify criteria for data selection and specify the form of result data returned from a query operation. The logical fields are defined independently of the underlying data representation being used in the databases 156-157, thereby allowing queries to be formed that are loosely coupled to the underlying data representation. The data to which logical fields of the DRA 148 are mapped may be located in a single repository (i.e., source) of data or a plurality of different data repositories. Thus, the DRA 148 may provide a logical view of one or more underlying data repositories. By using an abstract representation of a data repository, the underlying physical representation can be more easily changed or replaced without affecting the application making the changes. Instead, the abstract representation is changed with no changes required by the application. In addition, multiple abstract data representations can be defined to support different applications against the same underlying database schema that may have different default values or required fields.
In general, the data repository abstraction component 148 comprises a plurality of field specifications 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084 and 2085 (five shown by way of example), collectively referred to as the field specifications 208. Specifically, a field specification is provided for each logical field available for composition of an abstract query. Each field specification comprises a logical field name 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105 (collectively, field name 210) and an associated access method 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125 (collectively, access method 212). The access methods associate (i.e., map) the logical field names to a particular physical data representation 2141, 2142 . . . 214N in a database (e.g., one of the databases 156) according to parameters referred to herein as physical location parameters. By way of illustration, two data representations are shown, an XML data representation 2141 and a relational data representation 2142. However, the physical data representation 214N indicates that any other data representation, known or unknown, is contemplated.
Any number of access methods is contemplated depending upon the number of different types of logical fields to be supported. In one embodiment, access methods for simple fields, filtered fields and composed fields are provided. The field specifications 2081, 2082 and 2085 exemplify simple field access methods 2121, 2122, and 2125, respectively. Simple fields are mapped directly to a particular entity in the underlying physical data representation (e.g., a field mapped to a given database table and column). By way of illustration, the simple field access method 2121 shown in
It is noted that the data repository abstraction component 148 shown in
It is contemplated that the formats for any given data type (e.g., dates, decimal numbers, etc.) of the underlying data may vary. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the field specifications 208 include a type attribute which reflects the format of the underlying data. However, in another embodiment, the data format of the field specifications 208 is different from the associated underlying physical data, in which case an access method is responsible for returning data in the proper format assumed by the requesting entity. Thus, the access method must know what format of data is assumed (i.e., according to the logical field) as well as the actual format of the underlying physical data. The access method can then convert the underlying physical data into the format of the logical field.
By way of example, the field specifications 208 of the data repository abstraction component 148 shown in
An illustrative abstract query corresponding to the abstract query 202 shown in
Illustratively, the abstract query shown in Table I includes a selection specification (lines 005-014) containing selection criteria and a results specification (lines 015-019). In one embodiment, a selection criterion consists of a field name (for a logical field), a comparison operator (=, >, <, etc) and a value expression (what is the field being compared to). In one embodiment, result specification is a list of abstract fields that are to be returned as a result of query execution. A result specification in the abstract query may consist of a field name and sort criteria.
An illustrative instance of a data repository abstraction component 148 corresponding to the abstract query in Table I is shown in Table II below. By way of illustration, the data repository abstraction component 148 is defined using XML. However, any other language may be used to advantage.
Note that lines 004-009 correspond to the first field specification 2081 of the DRA 148 shown in
In any case, a data repository abstraction component 148 contains (or refers to) at least one access method which maps a logical field to physical data. However, the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative and the logical field specifications may include a variety of other metadata. In one embodiment, the access methods are further configured with a location specification defining a location of the data associated with the logical field. In this way, the data repository abstraction component 148 is extended to include description of a multiplicity of data sources that can be local and/or distributed across a network environment. The data sources can be using a multitude of different data representations and data access techniques. In this manner, an infrastructure is provided which is capable of capitalizing on the distributed environments prevalent today. One approach for accessing a multiplicity of data sources is described in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/131,984, entitled “REMOTE DATA ACCESS AND INTEGRATION OF DISTRIBUTED DATA SOURCES THROUGH DATA SCHEMA AND QUERY ABSTRACTION” and assigned to International Business Machines, Inc.
After building the data selection portion of the concrete query, the runtime component 150 identifies the information to be returned as a result of query execution. As described above, in one embodiment, the abstract query defines a list of abstract fields that are to be returned as a result of query execution, referred to herein as a result specification. A result specification in the abstract query may consist of a field name and sort criteria. Accordingly, the method 300 enters a loop at step 314 (defined by steps 314, 316, 318 and 320) to add result field definitions to the concrete query being generated. At step 316, the runtime component 150 looks up a result field name (from the result specification of the abstract query) in the data repository abstraction 148 and then retrieves a Result Field Definition from the data repository abstraction 148 to identify the physical location of data to be returned for the current logical result field. The runtime component 150 then builds (as step 318) a Concrete Query Contribution (of the concrete query that identifies physical location of data to be returned) for the logical result field. At step 320, Concrete Query Contribution is then added to the Concrete Query Statement. Once each of the result specifications in the abstract query has been processed, the query is executed at step 322.
One embodiment of a method 400 for building a Concrete Query Contribution for a logical field according to steps 310 and 318 is described with reference to
If the access method is not a filtered access method, processing proceeds from step 406 to step 412 where the method 400 queries whether the access method is a composed access method. If the access method is a composed access method, the physical data location for each sub-field reference in the composed field expression is located and retrieved at step 414. At step 416, the physical field location information of the composed field expression is substituted for the logical field references of the composed field expression, whereby the Concrete Query Contribution is generated. Processing then continues according to method 300 described above.
If the access method is not a composed access method, processing proceeds from step 412 to step 418. Step 418 is representative of any other access methods types contemplated as embodiments of the present invention. However, it should be understood that embodiments are contemplated in which less then all the available access methods are implemented. For example, in a particular embodiment only simple access methods are used. In another embodiment, only simple access methods and filtered access methods are used.
As described above, it may be necessary to perform a data conversion if a logical field specifies a data format different from the underlying physical data. In one embodiment, an initial conversion is performed for each respective access method when building a Concrete Query Contribution for a logical field according to the method 400. For example, the conversion may be performed as part of, or immediately following, the steps 404, 408 and 416. A subsequent conversion from the format of the physical data to the format of the logical field is performed after the query is executed at step 322. Of course, if the format of the logical field definition is the same as the underlying physical data, no conversion is necessary.
Derived Data Repository Abstraction Components
In one embodiment, a data repository abstraction component is derived for each iterative query based on the results of the executed query. That is, the derived DRA includes a logical field for each result field of the query, wherein each logical field is mapped to the appropriate underlying physical data. The subsequent query is then executed based on the most current derived DRA.
Referring now to
As noted previously, it may be desirable for a user to return to the previous derived DRA. As such, one embodiment provides for preserving the DRAs using a stack 510. A stack is a well-known data storage area or buffer, which may be implemented as a push-down list following a LIFO (last-in first-out) scheme. That is, the last item pushed onto (i.e., placed on) the stack is the first item popped (i.e., removed) from the stack. For each derivation of a DRA, the previous DRA is pushed onto the stack 510. A user desiring to return to a previous derivation of the DRA successively pops each DRA from the stack 510 until arriving at the desired DRA. In addition, prior results may be saved, e.g., in a series of temporary tables with each table containing the results of a given prior query. Each derived DRA then references the temporary table containing results of the query used to generate the derived DRA. Each temporary table may be maintained for as long a period of time as the corresponding derived DRA is maintained (e.g., if derived DRAs persist for the duration of the user's session, so would the corresponding temporary tables).
Referring now to
A first abstract query 602 is shown configured with a condition 604 and return criteria 606. The condition 604 and return criteria 606 of the abstract query 602 are each configured with one or more logical fields, each of which are represented in the DRA 608. By way of example, the condition 604 specifies a value of “5” for Field 4 and the return criteria 606 specifies that data is to be returned for Fields 2-4 and Field 7 where the condition 604 is satisfied.
Execution of the abstract query 602 returns query results 622. The query results are arranged as a data structure consistent with the particular schema of the data repository 618. Accordingly, where the data repository 618 is a relational database, the query results 622 are formatted as a table, T1. Alternatively, since the user is shielded from the particulars of the underlying data, the query results 622 may even be formatted in a schema different from that of the data repository 618. For example, if the data repository 618 is a relational database, the query results 622 may be formatted as an XML document. It is contemplated that the latter approach would require either a database engine that supported both relational and XML queries or more than one database engine, with one engine handling relational data storage and queries and the other handling XML data storage and queries.
In any case, the DRA generator 162 generates a derived DRA 624 based on the results 622. Specifically, the derived DRA includes a plurality of logical fields 626 each of which maps to the query results 622. Note that the plurality of logical fields 626 is a subset of the original plurality of logical fields 608 and corresponds to the logical fields specified in the return criteria 606 of the abstract query 602. However, the physical location parameters (e.g., table name 626 and column name 628 in the case of a relational schema) of the logical fields 626 have been updated to point to the query results 622. Specifically, each logical field 626 points to a different column of the table T1.
In one aspect, the derived DRA 624 preserves attributes of the original DRA 608. For example, the data type, the logical field name and the categorization scheme represented in the original DRA 608 are preserved in the derived DRA 624. Attributes of the underlying data repository 618 may also be preserved.
Referring to the
Referring now to
In the embodiment described with respect to
In one aspect, an advantage is provided to users constructing queries against data repository abstraction models. Since the view of the underlying data is dictated by the DRA, the user is given an increasingly restricted view of the data with each successive query. This aspect of the invention may be illustrated with reference to
Referring first to
For the next query, the Selection panel 902 shows the logical fields of the derived DRA generated by the DRA generator 162 based on the query results fields of the previous query. For the illustrative query of
In various embodiments, numerous advantages over the prior art are provided. In one aspect, advantages are achieved by defining a loose coupling between the application query specification and the underlying data representation. Rather than encoding an application with specific table, column and relationship information, as is the case where SQL is used, the application defines data query requirements in a more abstract fashion that are then bound to a particular physical data representation at runtime. The loose query-data coupling of the present invention enables requesting entities (e.g., applications) to function even if the underlying data representation is modified or if the requesting entity is to be used with a completely new physical data representation than that used when the requesting entity was developed. In the case with a given physical data representation is modified or restructured, the corresponding data repository abstraction is updated to reflect changes made to the underlying physical data model. The same set of logical fields is available for use by queries, and have merely been bound to different entities or locations in physical data model. As a result, requesting entities written to the abstract query interface continue to function unchanged, even though the corresponding physical data model has undergone significant change. In the event a requesting entity is to be used with a completely new physical data representation different than that used when the requesting entity was developed, the new physical data model may be implemented using the same technology (e.g., relational database) but following a different strategy for naming and organizing information (e.g., a different schema). The new schema will contain information that may be mapped to the set of logical fields required by the application using simple, filtered and composed field access method techniques. Alternatively, the new physical representation may use an alternate technology for representing similar information (e.g., use of an XML based data repository versus a relational database system). In either case, existing requesting entities written to use the abstract query interface can easily migrate to use the new physical data representation with the provision of an alternate data repository abstraction which maps fields referenced in the query with the location and physical representation in the new physical data model.
In another aspect, the ease-of-use for the application builder and the end-user is facilitated. Use of an abstraction layer to represent logical fields in an underlying data repository enables an application developer to focus on key application data requirements without concern for the details of the underlying data representation. As a result, higher productivity and reduced error rates are achieved during application development. With regard to the end user, the data repository abstraction provides a data filtering mechanism, exposing pertinent data and hiding nonessential content that is not needed by a particular class end-user developing the given query.
Solutions implementing the present model use the provided abstract query specification to describe its information requirements, without regard for the location or representation of the data involved. Queries are submitted to the runtime component which uses the data repository abstraction component to determine the location and method used to access each logical piece of information represented in the query. In one embodiment, the runtime component also includes the aforementioned data caching function to access the data cache.
In one aspect, this model allows solutions to be developed independent of the physical location or representation of the data used by the solution, making it possible to easily deploy the solution to a number of different data topologies and allowing the solution to function in cases where data is relocated or reorganized over time. In another aspect, this approach also simplifies the task of extending a solution to take advantage of additional information. Extensions are made at the abstract query level and do not require addition of software that is unique for the location or representation of the new data being accessed. This method provides a common data access method for software applications that is independent of the particular method used to access data and of the location of each item of data that is referenced. The physical data accessed via an abstract query may be represented relationally (in an existing relational database system), hierarchically (as XML) or in some other physical data representation model. A multitude of data access methods are also supported, including those based on existing data query methods such as SQL and XQuery and methods involving programmatic access to information such as retrieval of data through a Web Service invocation (e.g., using SOAP) or HTTP request.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
This is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/431,916 filed May 8, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,340,480 which is herein incorporated by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5584026 | Knudsen et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5734887 | Kingberg et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5956707 | Chu | Sep 1999 | A |
| 6272488 | Chang et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6411950 | Moricz et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6725227 | Li | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6954748 | Dettinger et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 7340480 | Dettinger et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7437690 | Baumgartner et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7574432 | De Bellis | Aug 2009 | B1 |
| 7689551 | Dettinger et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 20040186827 | Anick et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20050182917 | Gilkerson | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20080071758 | Dettinger et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080154864 | Dettinger et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080071734 A1 | Mar 2008 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10431916 | May 2003 | US |
| Child | 11944396 | US |
