Patent Application
20240310154
This patent application claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2023 105 717.0, filed Mar. 8, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present disclosure relates to a jacket projectile, in particular a partial jacket projectile or an armor-piercing projectile (AP projectile), for ammunition with a caliber of, for example, less than 13 mm, in particular less than 12.7 mm. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to ammunition with such a jacket projectile.
Jacket projectiles are generally characterized by the fact that a projectile core, usually made of lead, is encased in a jacket of a harder metal alloy. The jacket thus protects the barrel of a firearm from the abrasion of the softer core and also prevents the softer core from deforming or even splintering when the projectile hits a target.
For environmental and health reasons, especially on practice shooting ranges, the use of lead as a material for projectiles is becoming increasingly unsuitable. When selecting materials for projectiles, there is therefore a conflict of interest, particularly between good precision and flight range and environmental compatibility. Alternative materials to lead, such as tin, zinc and copper, have proven to be less suitable due to their low density, which would ensure better environmental compatibility, but would result in significant losses in terms of precision and flight range. Furthermore, alternative solutions in the form of steel or brass full projectiles also have decisive disadvantages in terms of barrel service life and resistance to being pressed through the barrel of the firearm. This results in unfavorable internal ballistics. The pressure during powder combustion is too high while the resulting muzzle velocity is too low.
So-called armor-piercing projectiles (AP projectiles), also known as armor-penetrating or kinetic-energy projectiles, are generally used in military areas to penetrate and destroy armored and/or hardened faces of targets. The AP projectiles can have additives inside, such as explosives, to generate an additional effect after hitting a target, such as igniting the explosive.
A major challenge in the design of AP projectiles is that the core should form as large a part of the projectile as possible, wherein the projectile jacket is not primarily relevant to penetration. This means that the mass of the jacket should be kept as small as possible compared to the core. Furthermore, when dimensioning the length-diameter, it must be considered that a core that is too long will guidingly be prone to breakage, while a core that is too short will have poorer penetration properties. The challenge with AP projectiles is therefore to find the optimum balance between barrel load, precision and penetration power.
WO 97/41404 A1 discloses a small-caliber AP projectile with a large, two-stage pointed tungsten carbide penetration core, which is enclosed in a guide and rests against the jacket on the pointed side. However, the projectile of WO 97/41404 A1 is not capable of satisfactorily solving the above-mentioned challenges.
An internal ballistic problem with AP projectiles is the increased press-through resistance of the projectile through the barrel of the firearm. Since the guide and the penetration core are made of comparatively hard material, the crumple zone formed by the softer jacket is only very thin.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the embodiments and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the embodiments.
The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Elements, features and components that are identical, functionally identical and have the same effect are—insofar as is not stated otherwise—respectively provided with the same reference character.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments, including structures, systems, and methods, may be practiced without these specific details. The description and representation herein are the common means used by those experienced or skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring embodiments of the disclosure.
An object of the disclosure is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to provide a projectile with reduced press-through resistance and/or increased terminal velocity.
Accordingly, a jacket projectile, in particular a partial jacket projectile or an armor-piercing projectile (AP projectile), is provided for ammunition with a caliber of, for example, less than 13 mm, in particular less than 12.7 mm. AP projectiles form a special type of jacket projectile and are generally used in military areas to penetrate and destroy armored and/or hard faces of targets. They are also known as armor-piercing ammunition projectiles. Another special type of AP projectiles are armor-piercing incendiary projectiles (API projectiles) to which an additional flammable substance, for example zirconium, is added in order to produce an additional incendiary effect and/or light signal effect after penetrating the target, in particular its armor.
The jacket projectile according to the disclosure, also referred to as “projectile” for short, may comprise a core, a jacket, in particular tapering ogive-like in the direction of flight and surrounding the core, and a guide shoe arranged between the core and the jacket. The core can be pressed with the guide shoe and joined as a unit with the jacket, in particular pressed therewith, in order to form the final projectile. The jacket may comprise or consist of, for example, copper or alloys thereof, steel or other equivalent materials with regard to stability and press-through properties through the firearm barrel. Among other things, it is responsible for holding the hard core and the guide shoe of the core. In addition, the jacket incurs the internal and external ballistic functions of a normal projectile, as it can be easily formed into the required form and external shape. The guide shoe comprises or consists, for example, of steel or aluminum or alloys thereof. A modulus of elasticity of 50,000 N/mm2 to 250,000 N/mm2, a density value in the range of 2,500 kg/m3 to 8,000 kg/m3, a yield strength of at least 250 N/mm2 and/or an elongation at break of at least 5% have proven to be advantageous. The core, in particular the penetration core, may comprise or consist of hard material such as steel, sintered material, tungsten carbide, in particular containing tungsten or cobalt, in particular an alloy of 94% tungsten and 6% cobalt, tungsten carbide or hardened steel, in order to achieve the desired penetration performance of the projectile. Due to the high hardness of the core, it is virtually impossible to change its external shape after completion, so that manufacturing tolerances must be compensated for by the other parts of the projectile, in particular the guide shoe and the jacket. The front or outer end of the hard core sits more or less freely inside the ballistic jacket and only touches it in the portion of its circumferential shoulder. It also sits in the open part of the guide shoe. A modulus of elasticity of at least 500,000 N/mm2, in particular at least 550,000 N/mm2 or at least 600,000 N/mm2, a density value of at least 10,000 kg/m3, in particular at least 12,500 kg/m3 or 14,000 kg/m3 can be advantageous for the core. In other words, the jacket forms the outer shape of the projectile and accommodates the core consisting of a harder material as well as the guide shoe holding the core, which may, for example, be formed like a quiver and be open to the front in the direction of flight of the projectile in order to enable the core to be mounted in the shoe.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the guide shoe and the jacket have a matching, in particular form-fitting interlocking, rib-recess structure. The rib-recess structure can affect an axial fixation of the guide shoe and jacket against each other. The rib-recess structure can be used to ensure that the guide shoe and jacket move as little as possible relative to each other, in particular that relative movement is excluded, whereby the force transmission of the gas expansion associated with the firing of the projectile to the jacket projectile is optimized, so that both a high terminal velocity and good precision can be achieved. The rib-recess structure has at least one rib and at least one recess on at least the guide shoe and/or at least the jacket. For example, the rib-recess structure may have a plurality of ribs and/or recesses. Both the ribs and the recesses can be arranged on both the guide shoe and the jacket. The matching of the rib-recess structure between the guide shoe and the jacket ensures that the structures formed on the guide shoe or jacket can cooperate with the other structure respectively.
For example, the jacket has a hardness in the range of 45 HV to 120 HV, the guide shoe has a hardness in the range of 200 HV to 250 HV and/or the core has a higher hardness than the jacket, in particular a hardness of more than 920 HV10 or 1200 HV10.
In an exemplary embodiment of the jacket projectile according to the disclosure, the guide shoe and the jacket interlock radially with each other in accordance with the rib-recess structure for form-fitting axial securing against each other. It has been found that a minimum interlocking dimension, particularly in the single-digit percentage range in relation to the wall thickness of the jacket and/or the wall thickness of the guide shoe, is already sufficient to achieve the axial securing. For example, on its inner circumference facing the guide shoe, the jacket has at least one groove, in particular a plurality of grooves arranged at a particularly uniform distance in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, and/or the guide shoe has at least one rib, in particular a plurality of ribs arranged at a particularly uniform distance in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, on its outer circumference facing the jacket. The ribs and grooves, in particular each of a pair of ribs and grooves assigned to one another, can be matched to one another in terms of their dimensions, at least their dimensions in the longitudinal direction of the projectile.
According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the guide shoe has on its outer circumference, in particular on a cylindrical section of the guide shoe, at least one relief groove, in particular a plurality of relief grooves distributed at a particularly uniform distance in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. The at least one relief groove forms a groove of the rib-recess structure and/or is arranged adjacent to the rib of the rib-recess structure. The radial dimension of the at least one relief groove can therefore be significantly larger than the recesses of the rib-recess structure arranged in the inside of the jacket. The relief groove allows the material of the jacket to deflect into the fields and riflings in the free space formed by the relief groove when radial pressure occurs, for example when the projectile is fired and/or when it is pressed through the barrel of the firearm, in order to counteract overloading of the jacket material. In this way, while maintaining the high terminal velocity and precision of the projectile, it is possible to reduce the resistance to pressing through the barrel and thus increase its service life.
According to a further exemplary embodiment of the jacket projectile according to the disclosure, the rib-recess structure has a plurality of alternately successive ribs and recesses in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. In other words, the jacket and/or the guide shoe has a sequence of one rib and one recess each in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, with a recess separating two ribs that follow one another in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. According to an exemplary further development, one rib and/or at least one recess has a different dimension, in particular width, in the longitudinal direction of the projectile compared to the other ribs and/or recesses. In this case, a dimension of the ribs in the longitudinal direction of the projectile can tend to increase in the direction of the rear of the projectile, starting from front-sided, taper-proximal ribs. When the present disclosure refers to “front side”, “bow side” or “front or rear side of the projectile”, “rear side” or “rear of the projectile”, these terms are to be understood in relation to the direction of flight of the projectile after firing. The inventors of the present disclosure have identified that the barrel load can be influenced, in particular reduced, by the design of the rib-recess structure, in particular the relief grooves formed with it, because it has been found that the gas slip in the firearm barrel has a significant influence on the final precision when the projectile is fired. Due to the gas slip, the jacket is pressed so firmly against the guide shoe that the ribs of the guide shoe connect with the jacket, in particular interlocking in the recesses assigned to the respective ribs. To prevent the ribs on the outside of the jacket facing the barrel of the firearm from becoming noticeable, it is advantageous if the individual rib widths decrease in the flight direction of the projectile towards the rear of the projectile. The reason for this is that the gas slip between the barrel and the projectile decreases in the flight direction of the projectile. The rib deepening/width gradation achieves a reduction in the press-in resistance in the gun barrel. This increases the service life of the firearm barrel and ensures a permanently high projectile velocity, especially with gas pressures that conform to the regulations (CIP, SAAMI).
According to a further exemplary further development of the jacket projectile according to the disclosure, the 50% to 70% of the front-sided, taper-proximal ribs have a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the projectile in the range of 20% to 40% of the wall thickness of the jacket and/or the 10% to 30% of the centered ribs with respect to the longitudinal direction of the projectile have a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the projectile in the range of 30% to 50% of the wall thickness of the jacket and/or the 10% to 30% of the rear-sided ribs facing away from the taper have a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the projectile in the range of 40% to 75% of the wall thickness of the jacket.
The percentages relating to the number of ribs should be understood to mean that the corresponding percentage relates to the total number of all ribs or recesses and forms a sub-range thereof. For example, the front-sided ribs have a dimension of approximately 30% of the jacket wall thickness, the central ribs have a dimension of approximately 40% of the jacket wall thickness and the rear-sided ribs have a dimension in the range of 50% to 65% of the jacket wall thickness. This gradation has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to the technical effect of influencing the firearm barrel load as a result of gas expansion at the firearm barrel. The specifications are to be understood in particular with regard to a 9.5 mm caliber projectile. It is clear that the corresponding information can be adapted or scaled to other projectile types, in particular other caliber sizes.
In a further exemplary embodiment of the jacket projectile according to the disclosure, a recess of the rib-recess structure has a radial depth transversely to the longitudinal direction of the projectile which is in the range of 5% of the wall thickness of the jacket plus 70% to 100% of half the difference between the field and rifling diameter. For example, the depth is in the range of 5% of the wall thickness of the jacket plus approximately 80% to 95% of half the difference between the field and rifling diameter, in particular plus approximately 90% of half the difference between the field and rifling diameter.
According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a jacket projectile, in particular a partial jacket projectile or an armor-piercing projectile (AP projectile), is provided for ammunition with a caliber of, for example, less than 13 mm, in particular of less than 12.7 mm. AP projectiles form a special type of jacket projectile and are generally used in military areas to penetrate and destroy armored and/or hard faces of targets. They are also known as armor-piercing ammunition projectiles. Another special type of AP projectiles are armor-piercing incendiary projectiles (API projectiles) to which an additional flammable substance, for example zirconium, is added in order to produce an additional incendiary effect and/or light signal effect after penetrating the target, in particular its armor.
The jacket projectile according to the disclosure, also referred to as “projectile” for short, comprises a core, a jacket, in particular tapering ogive-like in the direction of flight and surrounding the core, and a guide shoe arranged between the core and the jacket. The core can be pressed with the guide shoe and joined as a unit with the jacket, in particular pressed therewith, in order to form the final projectile. The jacket comprises or consists of, for example, copper or alloys thereof, steel or other equivalent materials with regard to stability and press-through properties through the firearm barrel. Among other things, it is responsible for holding the hard core and the guide shoe of the core. In addition, the jacket incurs the internal and external ballistic functions of a normal projectile, as it can be easily formed into the required form and external shape. The guide shoe comprises or consists, for example, of steel or aluminum or alloys thereof. A modulus of elasticity of 50,000 N/mm2 to 250,000 N/mm2, a density value in the portion of 2,500 kg/m3 to 8,000 kg/m3, a yield strength of at least 250 N/mm2 and/or an elongation at break of at least 5% have proven to be advantageous. The core, in particular the penetration core, may comprise or consist of hard material such as steel, sintered material, tungsten carbide, in particular containing tungsten or cobalt, in particular an alloy of 94% tungsten and 6% cobalt, tungsten carbide or hardened steel, in order to achieve the desired penetration performance of the projectile. Due to the high hardness of the core, it is virtually impossible to change its external shape after completion, so that manufacturing tolerances must be compensated for by the other parts of the projectile, in particular the guide shoe and the jacket. The front or outer end of the hard core sits more or less freely inside the ballistic jacket and only touches it in the portion of its circumferential shoulder. It also sits in the open part of the guide shoe. A modulus of elasticity of at least 500,000 N/mm2, in particular at least 550,000 N/mm2 or at least 600,000 N/mm2, a density value of at least 10,000 kg/m3, in particular at least 12,500 kg/m3 or 14,000 kg/m3 can be advantageous for the core. In other words, the jacket forms the outer shape of the projectile and accommodates the core consisting of a harder material and the guide shoe holding the core, which can, for example, be formed like a quiver and be open at the front in the direction of flight of the projectile in order to enable the core to be mounted in the shoe.
According to a further aspect of the disclosure, an in particular conical recess is provided rear-sided in the guide shoe on a bottom face oriented in the opposite direction to the direction of flight. By means of the particularly conical recess, possible stresses during production and/or during firing of the projectile can be compensated. In particular, the rear-sided recess can help to compensate for the massive stress that arises at the projectile rear of the guide shoe, whether due to the production process or due to the forces that occur when the projectile is fired and act on the jacket projectile, particularly at the rear of the projectile. The recess can, for example, be a recess or be produced as a recess. A conical shape has proven to be advantageous, particularly with regard to simple and mass-production-compatible manufacture.
According to an exemplary further development of the jacket projectile according to the disclosure, the recess is arranged centrally with respect to a center axis of the jacket projectile. If the recess is conical, in particular triangular in cross-section, the central axis runs through a tip of the recess oriented in the flight direction of the projectile. The central arrangement of the recess has proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of reducing and equalizing the stresses that occur.
In a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the recess is conical and/or V-shaped in cross-section. These conical geometries have proven to be particularly advantageous, especially with regard to manufacture and/or with regard to the successful reduction or equalization of the occurring stress. An opening angle can be in the range of 600 to 120°, in particular in the range of 70° to 110° or in the range of 800 to 100°, such as about 90°.
According to a further exemplary embodiment of the jacket projectile according to the disclosure, a depth of the recess in the longitudinal direction of the jacket projectile is in the range of 25% to 75%, in particular in the range of 35% to 65% or in the range of 45% to 55%, of a wall thickness of the bottom face, in particular is about 50% of the wall thickness of the bottom face. The present dimension has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to the absolute stresses. In particular, it must be considered that sufficient residual wall thickness must remain in the area of the bottom face in order to prevent any deformations occurring in the area of the projectile rear, in particular to prevent damage to the projectile rear.
According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a jacket projectile, in particular a partial jacket projectile or an armor-piercing projectile (AP projectile), is provided for ammunition with a caliber of, for example, less than 13 mm, in particular of less than 12.7 mm. AP projectiles form a special type of jacket projectile and are generally used in military areas to penetrate and destroy armored and/or hard faces of targets. They are also known as armor-piercing ammunition projectiles. Another special type of AP projectiles are armor-piercing incendiary projectiles (API projectiles) to which an additional flammable substance, for example zirconium, is added in order to produce an additional incendiary effect and/or light signal effect after penetrating the target, in particular its armor.
The jacket projectile according to the disclosure, also referred to as “projectile” for short, comprises a core, a jacket, in particular tapering ogive-like in the direction of flight and surrounding the core, and a guide shoe arranged between the core and the jacket. The core can be pressed with the guide shoe and joined as a unit with the jacket, in particular pressed therewith, in order to form the final projectile. The jacket comprises or consists of, for example, copper or alloys thereof, steel or other equivalent materials with regard to stability and press-through properties through the firearm barrel. Among other things, it is responsible for holding the hard core and the guide shoe of the core. In addition, the jacket assumes the internal and external ballistic functions of a normal projectile, as it can be easily formed into the required form and external shape. The guide shoe comprises or consists, for example, of steel or aluminum or alloys thereof. A modulus of elasticity of 50,000 N/mm2 to 250,000 N/mm2, a density value in the range of 2,500 kg/m3 to 8,000 kg/m3, a yield strength of at least 250 N/mm2 and/or an elongation at break of at least 5% have proven to be advantageous. The core, in particular the penetration core, may comprise or consist of hard material such as steel, sintered material, tungsten carbide, in particular containing tungsten or cobalt, in particular an alloy of 94% tungsten and 6% cobalt, tungsten carbide or hardened steel, in order to achieve the desired penetration performance of the projectile. Due to the high hardness of the core, it is virtually impossible to change its external shape after completion, so that manufacturing tolerances must be compensated for by the other parts of the projectile, in particular the guide shoe and the jacket. The front or outer end of the hard core sits more or less freely inside the ballistic jacket and only touches it in the portion of its circumferential shoulder. It also sits in the open part of the guide shoe. A modulus of elasticity of at least 500,000 N/mm2, in particular at least 550,000 N/mm2 or at least 600,000 N/mm2, a density value of at least 10,000 kg/m3, in particular at least 12,500 kg/m3 or 14,000 kg/m3 can be advantageous for the core. In other words, the jacket forms the outer shape of the projectile and accommodates the core consisting of a harder material and the guide shoe holding the core, which can, for example, be formed like a quiver and be open at the front in the direction of flight of the projectile in order to enable the core to be mounted in the shoe.
According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, the guide shoe is provided on its inner circumferential face facing the core with an annular recess, in the portion of which the core and the guide shoe are contactless. As a result, a cavity is formed between the guide shoe and the projectile core, which is in particular fully circumferentially formed. This internal cavity is used in particular for taring. This allows the center of gravity of the jacket projectile to be adjusted within a certain range, thereby increasing the precision of the projectile. In addition, the internal cavity or undercut also has the positive effect that, on the one hand, a further damping property is realized between the guide shoe and projectile core, as the external guide shoe can move radially inwards into the cavity, which in turn can positively reduce the load on the barrel of the firearm and, on the other hand, a further damping possibility is realized compared to pressing into the rifling-field profile. The elastic bridge formed in this way counteracts the extremely abrupt pressing in or pressing through of the projectile through the firearm barrel or into the rifling-field profile of the firearm barrel during the firing process. The annular recess can be open in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. Further, a maximum length of the annular recess in the longitudinal direction of the projectile can be designed in such a way that the core is pressed in over a length of at least the core diameter.
According to an exemplary further development, the annular recess has a radial depth transverse to the longitudinal direction of the projectile of at most 50% of the wall thickness of the guide shoe adjacent to the annular recess. In order to limit the elastic bridge or the deformation property and at the same time maintain the stability of the guide shoe so that it can reliably perform its guiding function, a maximum radial depth of the ring recess must be maintained.
In a further exemplary embodiment of the jacket projectile according to the disclosure, the annular recess is arranged on a front-sided end section of the guide shoe facing the taper, in particular is arranged in such a way that a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the projectile of a front end of the guide shoe delimiting the annular recess in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, such as a radial flange, is in the range of 90% to 110%, in particular in the range from 95% to 105%, of the wall thickness of the guide shoe.
In a further exemplary embodiment of the jacket projectile according to the disclosure, a rear-sided end of the annular recess facing away from the taper lies at most at the axial height of the center of gravity of the jacket projectile. This ensures good taring of the jacket projectile by allowing the center of gravity of the projectile to be deliberately adjusted so that its precision, terminal velocity and ballistics are optimized.
According to a further exemplary embodiment, the guide shoe and the jacket or the guide shoe and the core are made from one piece. It has been found that the precision of the projectile can be increased by making the guide shoe and jacket or core and guide shoe in one piece. One of the reasons for this is that any relative movement between the guide shoe and jacket or guide shoe and core, which could have a negative effect on precision, can be eliminated.
In another exemplary further development, the jacket is formed in two parts. Alternatively, or additionally, the jacket can have a rear part and a front part connected to it. The rear part can be formed essentially cylindrically and surround or encapsulate the core rear-sided. The front part can be pressed or glued to the rear part or, for example, connected to it in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner. Furthermore, the front part can enclose or encapsulate the core front-sided, wherein in particular the front part and the core are dimensioned in relation to each other in such a way that a cavity remains at the front, which is unoccupied. The front part can front-sided be formed solid and/or consist of solid material.
In the following description of exemplary embodiments of jacket projectiles according to the disclosure, a jacket projectile according to the disclosure is generally provided with the reference number 1. The same or similar reference signs are used for the same or similar components. The exemplary embodiments according to the enclosed figures show an embodiment of a jacket projectile according to the disclosure as a partial jacket projectile, wherein it should be clear that this is only to be understood as an example and that the corresponding embodiments and designs are also transferable to a full jacket projectile.
The jacket projectile 1 according to the disclosure essentially comprises the following main components: A jacket 3 determining the outer and inner ballistic shape and in particular tapering ogive-like, in particular with a hardness in the range of 45 HV to 120 HV; a hard core 5 arranged in the jacket 3, in particular with a higher hardness than the jacket material and/or with a length LK in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and a diameter D1; and a guide shoe 7 arranged likewise within the jacket 3 and receiving and fixing the core 5 and having a length LF in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. The jacket 3 is the component that comes into contact with the firearm barrel and is also responsible for the interaction between projectile 1 and the firearm barrel. The core 5 is made of a harder material than the jacket 3, for example hard metal, in particular containing tungsten, in particular tungsten carbide, cobalt, or steel, in particular hardened steel, in order to achieve the desired penetration performance of the projectile. The guide shoe 7, into which the projectile core 5 can be pressed so that core 5 and guide shoe 7 can be inserted into the jacket as an assembly unit, essentially fulfills two functions. Firstly, it is designed to fix or hold the core 5 in place in order to prevent relative movements between the core 5 and jacket 3, which have a negative effect on the precision of the projectile 1. On the other hand, the guide shoe 7 also contributes to increasing the penetration energy or penetration force of the projectile 1. The guide shoe can, for example, be made of steel or aluminum or comprise these materials.
In
The jacket 3 also has an essentially cylindrical part adjoining the ogive-shaped projectile front 11, forming a guide band 12, which essentially forms the maximum outer diameter of the projectile and is designed primarily to engage with the barrel of the firearm. The projectile rear 9, which according to the exemplary embodiment is slightly inclined with respect to the projectile center axis M and finally merges into a planar projectile bottom 15, adjoins the guide band 12 at the rear.
The jacket projectile 1 according to the disclosure is arranged in such a way that an optimum geometric ratio is present in order to achieve the desired results in terms of barrel load, precision and penetration. The core 5 has a length in the longitudinal direction of the projectile in the range of 50% to 95% of a total projectile length. Furthermore, a length/diameter ratio of the core 5 is in the range of 3 to 7.
With reference to
The guide shoe 7 has an annular recess 29 on its inner circumferential face 27 facing the core 5, which can completely encircle the core 5 and has a substantially rectangular cross-section. In the portion of the annular recess 29, the guide shoe 7 and the jacket 5 are free of contact with each other. The ring recess 29 is designed in particular for taring. This allows the center of gravity of the jacket projectile 1 to be adjusted in a certain portion, thereby improving the precision of the projectile 1. The annular recess 29 also has the positive side effect that, on the one hand, a further damping device is realized in the event of any material deformations, in particular with regard to the external pressing into the rifling-and-field profiling of the firearm barrel, which can result in deformation of the jacket 3 and/or the guide shoe 7 from radially outwards to radially inwards. The elastic bridge thus formed between the firearm barrel and the core 5 thus counteracts the extremely abrupt pressing of the projectile 1 through the firearm barrel and in particular the pressing of the projectile 1 into the rifling-and-field profiling during the firing process.
As can be seen in particular in
With reference to
It can also be seen in
Referring again to the protrusions 33 formed on the outer circumference of the guide shoe substantially over its entire cylindrical extension, each forming a relief groove 59 between them, which allow the material of the jacket 3 to ensure a deflection into these relief grooves 59 in the event of radial pressures occurring, for example when the projectile is fired and/or when it is pressed through the barrel of the firearm, in order to avoid overloading the jacket material.
According to the disclosure, it was found that the gas slip in the firearm barrel has a significant influence on the final precision of the projectile 1, because due to the gas slip, the jacket 3 is pressed so firmly against the guide shoe 7 that the protrusions 33 of the guide shoe 7 connect with the jacket 3. In order to prevent the protrusions from becoming noticeable as far as the outside of the jacket 3, the protrusions 33 according to the exemplary embodiment of the jacket projectile 1 according to the disclosure shown in
With reference to
Furthermore, as can be seen in
A further difference compared to the previous embodiments is that the jacket 3, in particular the front part 97, is closed front-sided and completely covers the core 5 from the surroundings. Furthermore, the front part 87 is solid and/or formed from solid material, in particular in order to amplify the penetration performance of the projectile 1.
The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims can be of importance both individually and in any combination for the realization of the disclosure in the various embodiments.
To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present disclosure, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present disclosure is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art on the basis of the embodiments in the present disclosure without any creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the terms “first”, “second”, etc. in the description, claims and abovementioned drawings of the present disclosure are used to distinguish between similar objects, but not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that data used in this way can be interchanged as appropriate so that the embodiments of the present disclosure described here can be implemented in an order other than those shown or described here. In addition, the terms “comprise” and “have” and any variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or equipment comprising a series of steps or modules or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or modules or units which are clearly listed, but may comprise other steps or modules or units which are not clearly listed or are intrinsic to such processes, methods, products or equipment.
References in the specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “an exemplary embodiment,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
The exemplary embodiments described herein are provided for illustrative purposes, and are not limiting. Other exemplary embodiments are possible, and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the specification is not meant to limit the disclosure. Rather, the scope of the disclosure is defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102023105717.0 | Mar 2023 | DE | national |
