JOINABLE FIGURE TOY

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a joinable figure toy which is played with by being joined with a figure toy or toys of the same type.

Description of the Related Art

There have conventionally been proposed joinable figure toys which can be played with by being joined with a figure toy or toys of the same type. For example, in the related art figure toys, an infant figure toy is known which is made up of joinable body parts such as a head part, left and right arm and leg parts. In these body parts, a spherical end is provided on one of the arm parts, and a C-shaped receptacle portion is formed on the other arm part. Additionally, a C-shaped receptacle portion is formed on one of the leg parts, and a spherical end is provided on the other leg part. The spherical ends can be brought into engagement with the receptacle of either of the arm part and the leg part. Thus, the figure toy is completed by joining the body parts together.

Normally, the figure has a front (a front surface) and a back (a back surface), and the figure also has different facial or bodily expressions to be provided depending upon how the figure is oriented. In the related art figure toy described above, the body parts can be joined together only in a specified orientation, this imposing a limitation on a joining method. This, in turn, limits the play mode of the figure toy which is completed by joining the body parts together.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the invention is to provide a joinable figure toy having a high degree of freedom in building it up.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a joinable figure toy including a trunk part, left and right arm parts and left and right leg parts, wherein a spherical portion is formed at a hand portion of each of the arm parts, wherein a receptacle portion is formed on a foot portion of each of the leg parts, the receptacle portion being able to be joined with the spherical portion through ball-and-socket joint, wherein a first notched portion is formed at a distal end side of each of the spherical portions, wherein a pair of second notched portions are disposed in an opening edge of each of the receptacle portions, the pair of second notched portions being opposite to each other, wherein the left and right arm parts are coupled together by a first transverse shaft inserted rotatably through the trunk part, and wherein the left and right leg parts are coupled together by a second transverse shaft inserted rotatably through the trunk part below the first transverse shaft, the first transverse shaft and the second transverse shaft being disposed parallel to each other.

According to the invention, since the body parts can be joined together with all the body parts arranged to show their front surfaces or back surfaces to a player or with some of the body parts arranged to show their front surfaces and the other body parts arranged to show their back surfaces to the player, it is possible to provide the joinable figure toy having a high degree of freedom in building it up.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a front view of a joinable figure toy according an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 1B is a side view of the joinable figure toy according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 1C is a rear view of the joinable figure toy according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2A is a bottom view of the joinable figure toy according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along a line IIb-IIb in FIG. 2A showing the joinable figure toy according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3A is a drawing showing a joining example of two joinable figure toys according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3B is a drawing showing a joining example of three joinable figure toys according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a building example using joinable figure toys according to the embodiment of the invention and decorative members;

FIG. 5 is a drawing showing another building example using joinable figure toys according to the embodiment of the invention and decorative members;

FIG. 6A is a front view showing a joinable figure toy according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6B is a side view showing the joinable figure toy according to the other embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6C is a rear view showing the joinable figure toy according to the other embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7A is a bottom view showing the joinable figure toy according to the other embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 7B is a sectional view taken along a line VIIb-VIIb in FIG. 7A showing the joinable figure toy according to the other embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described based on the drawings. FIG. 1A is a front view of a joinable figure toy 1, FIG. 1B is a side view of the joinable figure toy 1, and FIG. 1C is a rear view of the joinable figure toy 1. The joinable figure toy 1 mimics a human figure and has a trunk part 2, a head part 3, arm parts 4 (a left arm part 4a, a right arm part 4b) and leg parts 5 (a left leg part 5a, a right leg part 5b). In the following description of the joinable figure toy 1, the left arm part 4a represents a left side of the joinable figure toy 1. Similarly, the right arm part 4b represents a right side, the head part 3 represents an upper side, and the leg parts 5 represent a lower side of the joinable figure toy 1.

A spherical portion 41 is formed at a distal hand portion of each of the left arm part 4a and the right arm part 4b. The left arm part 4a and the right arm part 4b are joined together by a first transverse shaft 43 at proximal portions 42 which correspond to shoulders of the figure toy 1. The first transverse shaft 43 is inserted rotatably in a through hole 21 which is provided in the trunk part 2 so as to open to the left and right of the trunk part 2.

A receptacle portion 52 is formed on a sole portion 51 of a foot portion of each of the left leg part 5a and the right leg part 5b. The receptacle portions 52 are joined with the spherical portions 41 through ball-and-socket joint. The left leg part 5a and the right leg part 5b are joined together by a second transverse shaft 54 at proximal portions 53 thereof which lie to face the trunk part 2. The second transverse shaft 54 is inserted rotatably in a through hole 22 which is provided in the trunk part 2 so as to open to the left and right of the trunk part 2 below the through holes 21.

Here, a peripheral configuration of the receptacle portion 52 will be described. FIG. 2A is a bottom view of the joinable figure toy 1, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view of the joinable figure toy shown in FIG. 2A taken along a line IIb-IIb shown in FIG. 2A. The sole portion 51 is formed as a substantially flat surface which is recessed shallowly in relation to a circumferential edge 51a. The receptacle portion 52 is defined by a spherical inner surface 52a which defines a space corresponding to part of a spherical shape. An inside diameter of an opening edge 52b of the receptacle portion 52 is formed narrower than an inside diameter of the spherical inner surface 52a. By adopting this configuration, once a spherical portion 41 of another joinable figure toy 1 is brought into engagement with an interior of the spherical portion 52, the spherical portion 41 is prevented from being dislocated easily from the receptacle portion 52 by the opening edge 52b.

A pair of substantially rectangular notched portions 521a, 521b are formed in the opening edge 52b. The pair of notched portions 521a, 521b are disposed so as to lie in opposite positions in relation to the opening edge 52b. The notched portion 521a on a front side of the joinable figure toy 1 is provided further transversely outwards than the notched portion 521b on a rear side of the joinable figure toy 1. The notched portions 521a, 521b are formed into grooves which are shallower than the receptacle portion 52. Bottom portions 521c of the notched portions 521a, 521b are disposed above a center position P5 of the receptacle portion 52. The opening edge 52b can be deformed so as expand diametrically when a predetermined magnitude of force is applied thereto in a radially outward direction by providing the pair of notched portions 521a, 521b. This allows even an infant to locate and dislocate the spherical portion 41 into and from the receptacle portion 52.

Returning to FIGS. 1A to 1C, the first transverse shaft 43 and the second transverse shaft 54 are disposed substantially parallel. Here, when a center position of the spherical portion 41 is referred to as P4, and a center position of the spherical inner surface 52a of the receptacle 52 is referred to as P5, the center position P4 and the center position P5 substantially coincide with each other in relation to the transverse direction. In addition, a rotational radius of the center position P4 about the first transverse shaft 43 is substantially the same as a rotational radius of the center position P5 about the second transverse shaft 54.

The joinable figure toy 1 has non-interferential portions 11 defined outwards of the left leg part 5a and the right leg part 5b. The non-interferential portions 11 are formed by narrowing transverse widths of the leg parts 5 near the proximal portions 53 thereof. Thus, the left arm part 4a including the spherical portion 41 and the right arm part 4b including the spherical portion 41 can be rotated without interfering with the left leg part 5a and the right leg part 5b, respectively. On the other hand, the left leg part 5a and the right leg part 5b are allowed to rotate forwards 90 degrees but are restricted from rotating backwards as a result of a locking projection on the second transverse shaft 54 being locked on a locked projection provided inside the trunk part 2 (not show).

As shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, a substantially hexagonal hole portion 231 is formed on a back portion 23 of the joinable figure toy 1. The hole portion 231 is provided in a substantially vertical middle position between the first transverse shaft 43 and the second transverse shaft 54. Additionally, the hole portion 231 is disposed in a substantially transverse center position of the trunk part 2.

Next, using or playing examples of the joinable figure toy 1 will be described. FIG. 3A is a drawing showing a joining example of two joinable figure toys 1a, 1b.

In the two joinable figure toys 1a, 1b, leg parts 5 are rotated forwards, and arm parts 4 are rotated upwards. Then, receptacle portions 52 of the joinable figure toy 1b are joined with spherical portions 41 of the joinable figure toy 1a, whereby a frame-like joined structure 101 which opens leftwards in the drawing can be formed by the two joinable figure toys 1a, 1b. The spherical portions 41 of the joinable figure toy 1a which are in engagement with the receptacle portions 52 of the joinable figure toy 1b are kept so engaged due to the spherical portions 41 being prevented from being dislocated easily from the receptacle portions 52 by the opening edges 52b. In addition, the spherical portions 41 are allowed to move rotationally within the receptacle portions 52 so that the angles of the arm parts 4 can be controlled freely in relation to the corresponding sole portions 51. A maximum rotational angle of the arm part 4 is controlled as a result of a boundary portion 44 between the spherical portion 41 and the arm part 4 being brought into abutment with the opening edge 52b.

The joined structure 101 can also be formed into an L-shape as a whole by extending the leg parts 5 of the joinable figure toy 1a or the leg parts 5 of the joinable figure toy 1b (refer to FIG. 1B). The joined structure 101 can be formed into a straight line as a whole by extending the legs parts 5 of both the joinable figure toy 1a and the joinable figure toy 1b. In this way, the joined structure 101 can be formed into a plurality of configurations by using the two joinable figure toys 1a, 1b. Moreover, the joinable figure toys 1a, 1b can be joined together with all their body parts arranged to show their front surfaces or back surfaces to a player or with some of the body parts arranged to show their front surfaces and the other body parts arranged to show their back surfaces to the player.

FIG. 3B is a drawing showing a joining example of three joinable figure toys 1c, 1d, 1e. The joinable figure toys 1c, 1d, 1e extend leg parts 5 and rotate arm parts 4 upwards. The left arm part 4a of the joinable figure toy 1c which is disposed in a lower position in FIG. 3B is joined with the right leg part 5b of the joinable figure toy 1e which is disposed in an upper position. The right arm part 4b of the joinable figure toy 1d which is disposed in another lower position in FIG. 3 is joined with the left arm part 5a of the upper joinable figure toy 1e. In this way, a substantially triangular plate-shaped joined structure 102 can be formed by using the three joinable figure toys 1c, 1d, 1e.

FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a building example using joinable figure toys 1 and decorative members 6. FIG. 4 is a left side view of a joined structure 81 which mimics a vehicle which is built up from a plurality of joinable figure toys (1f to 1l) and a plurality of decorative members 6. The decorative members 6 include a body frame 61, front wheels 62, rear wheels 63 and other body parts 64 to 68. In the following description based on FIG. 4, a left-hand side denotes a front of the joined structure 81 and an opposite side to the left-hand side denotes a rear of the joined structure 81.

The front wheels 62 and the rear wheels 63 have axle portions and are attached rotatably to the body frame 61. A plurality of spherical portions 60, having a substantially identical shape or outside diameter to that of the spherical portion 41, are provided on the body frame 61. The joinable figure toys 1f to 1i are fixed to the body frame 61 by causing their receptacle portions 52 to be joined with the spherical portions 60 which are provided on the body frame 61. The body part 66 and the body part 67 are attached to hole portions 231 of the joinable figure toy 1g and the joinable figure toy 1h, respectively.

The joinable figure toy 1j is joined with the joinable figure toy 1f in such a state that leg parts 5 of the joinable figure toy 1j are bent slightly downwards (forwards in relation to the joinable figure toy 1j). Spherical portions 41 of the joinable figure toy 1j are joined with receptacle portions (not shown) in the body frame 61.

The joinable figure toy 1k is joined with the joinable figure toy 1l in such a state that arm parts 4 of the joinable figure toy 1k are bent slightly downwards (forwards in relation to the joinable figure toy 1k). Receptacle portions 52 of the joinable figure toy 1k are joined with the spherical portions (not shown) inside the body frame 61.

The joinable figure toy 1l is joined with the joinable figure toy 1k via leg parts 5 thereof which are directed upwards. Spherical portions 41 of the joinable figure toy 1l are joined with receptacle portions (not shown) inside the body frame 61. In addition, the body part 68 is attached to a hole portion 231 of the joinable figure toy 1l.

In this way, the player can play with the joinable figure toys of the invention by building up the joined structure 81 mimicking the vehicle using the plurality of joinable figure toys 1f to 1l and the decorative members 6 or by using the joined structure 81 as the vehicle. In addition, there is imposed no limitation on the directivity of the joinable figure toys 1, and the arm parts 4 and the leg parts 5 can rotate. Thus, the player can build up the joined structure 81 by handling the joinable figure toys 1, as it were, as part of the vehicle body.

FIG. 5 is a drawing showing another building example using joinable figure toys 1 and decorative members 7. FIG. 5 shows a front view of a joined structure 82, which mimics a robot, built up by using a plurality of joinable figure toys (1m to 1w, 1r1, 1t1, 1v1, 1w1) and a plurality of decorative members 7. The decorative members 7 include a head part 71, a trunk part 72 (a chest part 721, a left shoulder part 722, a right shoulder part 723, a back part 724), arm parts 73, (a left hand part 731, a right hand part 732), and leg parts 74 (a left leg part 741, a right leg part 742). In the following description based on FIG. 5, a side of the joined structure 82 facing the head part 71 represents an upper side, and a side facing the leg parts 74 represents a lower side of the joined structure 82. In addition, a side of the joined structure 82 facing the left hand part 731 represents a left-hand side, and a side opposite to the side facing the left hand part 731 represents a right-hand side of the joined structure 82.

The head part 71, the chest part 721, the left shoulder part 722, the right shoulder part 723 and the back part 724 are formed integrally or separately. In the case where the head part 71, the chest part 721, the left shoulder part 722, the right shoulder part 723 and the back part 724 are formed separately, they can be constructed so as to rotate predetermined angles individually.

A left arm part 821 of the joined structure 82 includes the left shoulder part 722, the joinable figure toys 1m, 1n, and the left hand part 731. The joinable figure toy 1m is joined with the left shoulder part 722 at a hole portion 231 thereof (not shown). The joinable figure toy 1m is joined with the joinable figure toy 1n. The joinable figure toy 1n is joined with the left hand part 731 via spherical portion 41 thereof (not shown).

Similarly, a right arm part 822 of the joined structure 82 includes the right shoulder part 723, the joinable figure toys 1o, 1p, and the right hand part 732. The joinable figure toy 1o is joined with the right shoulder part 723 at a hole portion 231 (not shown). The joinable figure toy 1o is joined with the joinable figure toy 1p. The joinable figure toy 1p is joined with the right hand part 732 via a spherical portion 41 thereof (not shown).

The left arm part 821 which includes the two left joinable figure toys 1m, 1n and the right arm part 822 which includes the two right joinable figure toys 1o, 1p can individually be rotated leftwards and rightwards. For example, the left arm part 821 rotates about a spherical portion 41 of the joinable figure toy 1m, and the right arm part 822 rotates about a spherical portion 41 of the joinable figure toy 1o.

A left arm part 4a of the joinable figure toy 1p is joined with the joinable figure toy 1m. A right arm part 4b of the joinable figure toy 1r is joined with the joinable figure toy 1o. Additionally, a spherical portion 41 (not shown) of a right arm part 4b of the joinable figure toy 1q and a spherical portion 41 (not shown) of a left arm part 4a of the joinable figure toy 1r are joined with receptacle portions which are formed in the chest part 721.

The two joinable figure toys 1q1, 1r1 are also disposed on sides of the joinable figure toys 1q, 1r which face the back part 724 in the same orientation as that of the joinable figure toys 1q, 1r. The joinable figure toy 1q1 is joined with the joinable figure toy 1m and the chest part 721. The joinable figure toy 1r1 is joined with the joinable figure toy 1o and the chest part 721.

Further, the joinable figure toys 1q, 1r, 1q1, 1r1 are joined with the four joinable figure toys 1s, 1t, 1u, 1t1 (the joinable figure toy 1t1 is disposed behind the joinable figure toy 1t) at lower portions thereof. The joinable figure toy 1s is joined with the joinable figure toys 1q, 1q1. The joinable figure toy 1t is joined with the joinable figure toys 1q, 1r. The joinable figure toy 1u is joined with the joinable figure toys 1r, 1r1. The joinable figure toy 1t1 is joined with the joinable figure toys 1q1, 1r1.

The four joinable figure toys 1s, 1t, 1u, 1t1 are joined with the four joinable figure toys 1v, 1w, 1v1, 1w1 at lower portions thereof. The joinable figure toys 1v, 1w are disposed on a front side of the joined structure 82, and the joinable figure toys 1v1, 1w1 are disposed on rear sides of the joinable figure toys 1v, 1w. These joinable figure toys 1v, 1w, 1v1, 1w1 are disposed so as to face the joined structure 82 on their front sides or back sides. Thus, in the joined structure 82, knee parts 823 can be formed which can rotate forwards and backwards in relation to the joinable figure toys 1s, 1t, 1u, 1t1 via spherical portions 41 of the joinable figure toys 1v, 1w, 1v1, 1w1. Consequently, the joined structure 82 can represent extending and flexing motions of the knee parts 823a.

The joinable figure toys 1v, 1v1 are joined with the left leg part 741 at lower portions thereof. The joinable figure toys 1w, 1w1 are also joined with the right leg part 742 at lower portions thereof. In this way, the joined structure 82 can be played with by building up the plurality of joinable figure toys 1m to 1w, 1q1, 1r1, 1t1, 1v1, 1w1 and the decorative members 7 or by using the completed joined structure 82 as a robot.

The joined structures 81, 82 are described as being built up as the vehicle and the robot in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively. In addition to this, the player can play with the joinable figure toys 1 of the invention by combining the plurality of joinable figure toys 1 together or combining the plurality of joinable figure toys 1 with appropriate decorative members to fabricate a toy building, a toy weapon, a toy clock and the like.

Thus, the embodiment of the invention has been described heretofore. However, the invention is not limited thereto but can be carried out in various forms. For example, the joinable figure toy 1 may mimic the shape of a human being, an animal and a fish, as well as the shape of an imaginary character.

In the description of the embodiment, the joinable figure toy 1 is described as being constructed so that the left arm part 4a and the right arm part 4b are joined together by the first transverse shaft 43 so as to rotate integrally. However, a configuration may be adopted in which the left arm part 4a and the right arm part 4b are connected to the transverse shaft 43 at different angles so as to rotate at the different angles integrally or independently. Further, a configuration may be adopted in which of the left arm part 4a and the right arm part 4b, one arm part 4 is fixed to the trunk part 2, while the other arm part 4 is connected to the transverse shaft, so that only the other arm part 4 can rotate.

As to the leg parts 5, similarly, the left let part 5a and the right leg part 5b may be connected to different transverse shafts so as to rotate independently of each other. Additionally, the left leg part 5a and the right leg part 5b may be connected to the second transverse shaft 54 at different angles so as to rotate at the different angles integrally or independently. Further, a configuration may be adopted in which of the left leg part 5a and the right leg part 5b, one leg part 5 is fixed to the trunk part 2, while the other leg part 5 is connected to the transverse shaft, so that only the other leg part 5 can rotate.

The arm part 4 may be configured in such a way that an elbow portion is provided in a middle position between the spherical portion 41 and the proximal portion 42 so as to allow the arm part 4 to extend and flex about the elbow portion. Similarly, the leg part 5 may be configured in such a way that a knee portion is provide in a middle position between the receptacle portion 52 and the proximal portion 53 so as to allow the leg part 5 to extend and flex about the knee portion.

The bottom portion 521c of the notched portion 521 may be disposed in a position which coincides substantially with the center position P5 of the receptacle 52 or which lies lower than the center position P5. By doing so, the joining strength can be enhanced. Further, only one notched portion 521 may be provided on the opening edge 52b, as long as the opening edge 52 is allowed to hold the expanding function.

The shape of the hole portion 231 is not limited to the substantially hexagonal shape. Thus, the hole portion 231 may be formed into other angular shapes, circular shapes or other hole shapes. Further, the joinable figure toy 1 may also include an angular or circular hole portion which is provided at a different portion on the back portion 23, on a front side of the trunk part 2, or at an appropriate portion of the head part 3, the arm part 4 or the leg part 5.

Next, referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, a joinable figure toy 1A of another embodiment of the invention will be described. In the following description of the joinable figure toy 1A, like reference signs will be given to like configurations to those of the joinable figure toy 1, so that the description thereof will be omitted or made briefly.

As shown in FIGS. 6 A to 6C, the joinable figure toy 1A has a notched portion 45 (a first notched portion) formed at a distal end side of a spherical portion 41A of each of a left arm portion 4a and a right arm portion 4b. The notched portion 45 is formed to extend along a front-rear direction of the spherical portion 41A. A bottom portion of the notched portion 45 is formed into a concavely curved shape as seen from the front-rear direction, so that an arc center position of a concavely curved surface of the bottom portion substantially coincides with a center position P4 of the spherical portion 41A as seen from the front-rear direction (also, refer to FIGS. 6A and 6C). Opposite inner surfaces of the notched portion 45 are formed so flat that the opposite inner surfaces stand substantially parallel to each other.

A space between left and right leg parts 5 (a left leg part 5a and a right leg part 5b) of the joinable figure toy 1A is formed wider than that of the joinable figure toy 1. A non-interferential portion 55 (a second non-interferential portion) is formed between the left and right leg parts 5 (the left leg part 5a and the right leg part 5b) of the joinable figure toy 1A. The non-interferential portion 55 has a space defined to such an extent that when spherical portions 41A of one joinable figure toy 1A with its arm parts 4 extended upwards (for example, the state of the joinable figure toy 1d shown in FIG. 3) are brought into engagement with corresponding receptacle portions 52A of another joinable figure toy 1A with its leg parts 5 extended downwards (similarly, the state of the joinable figure toy 1d shown in FIG. 3), a head port 3 of the lower joinable figure toy 1A is prevented from interfering with leg parts 5 of the upper joinable figure toy 1A. Due to this, even when the shape of the head part 3 of the joinable figure toy 1A is modified to match variously shaped characters, the head part 3 is prevented from interfering with the leg parts 5.

As shown in FIG. 7A, notched portions 521Aa, 521Ab (521A) (a second notched portion) are formed in the receptacle portion 52A of the joinable figure toy 1A. The notched portions 521Aa, 521Ab are formed so that when two spherical portions 41A of one joinable figure toy 1A are brought into engagement with two corresponding receptacle portions 52A of the other joinable figure toy 1A with the two joinable figure toys 1A oriented in the same direction or in opposite directions, opening positions at a front end 45a and a rear end 45b of the notched portion 45 (also, refer to FIGS. 6A to 6C) overlap opening positions of the notched portions 521Aa, 521Ab which are opposite to each other when seen in a bottom view. Positions of the spherical portions 41A which are in engagement with the corresponding receptacle portions 52A are indicated by chain double-dashed lines. In this embodiment, while the left and right notched portions 521Aa, 521Ab are slightly inclined into an inverted V-shape in such a manner as to be narrowed towards a front side, the left and right notched portions 521Aa, 521Ab may be formed so as to be parallel to each other.

By adopting the configuration described heretofore, since the spherical portions 41A become easy to deflect transversely inwards and the receptacle portions 52A become easy to deflect transversely outwards, the deflecting directions substantially coincide with each other, whereby the spherical portions 41A can easily be brought into engagement with and disengagement from the corresponding receptacle portions 52A.

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 7B, bottom portions 521c of the notched portions 521Aa, 521Ab of the receptacle portion 52A are disposed substantially at the same height as a center position P5 of the receptacle portion 52A. In the joinable figure toy 1A, since the notched portions 45 are provided in the spherical portions 41A, the spherical portions 41A can easily be brought into engagement with and disengagement from the corresponding receptacle portions 52A even by a child.

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	15891011	Feb 2018	US
Child	16250568		US

JOINABLE FIGURE TOY

Information

Publication Number

Date Filed

Date Published

Inventors

Original Assignees

CPC

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims

Priority Claims (1)

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

Continuation in Parts (1)