Patent Grant
11229942
This is a national phase application in the United States of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2017/006309 with an international filing date of Feb. 21, 2017, which claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-066139 filed on Mar. 29, 2016. The contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a joining method of members and a joint structure of members.
A high-tensile-strength steel sheet, called high tension steel, is used in structural members of automobiles. Such high tension steel is effective in reducing the weight and improving the safety of the structural member, but is still heavier than a low-specific-gravity material, such as aluminum. The high tension steel, due to its high strength, has problems, including reduction in formability, increase in forming load, and reduction in dimensional accuracy. To counter these problems, multi-materialization has been recently carried out, which involves utilizing a combination of a steel component and an extruded product, a cast product, or a press-formed product, which is made of aluminum with a lower specific gravity than a steel sheet.
Joining between a steel sheet component and an aluminum component is an issue for the multi-materialization. In welding techniques typified by spot welding, a brittle intermetallic compound (IMC) is formed at the interface between the steel sheet and the aluminum sheet. Owing to this, other joining techniques, such as electromagnetic forming joining, screw fastening typified by bolts and nuts, friction stir welding (FSW), rivets, self-piercing rivet (SPR), mechanical clinching, and bonding, have been employed into practical use.
In caulking by the electromagnetic forming, a solenoid forming coil is inserted into a pipe-shaped component that is designed to be fitted into a mating component, and then an impulse current is passed through the coil to change the magnetic field, whereby an induced current is generated in the pipe-shaped conductor component. An electromagnetic force results from the interaction between the magnetic field formed by the primary current of the coil and the induced current flowing in the opposite direction along the circumferential direction of the pipe-shaped component. At this time, the pipe-shaped component receives the force directed outward and thereby is enlarged and deformed to be caulked and joined to the mating component. This joining method is suitable for copper and aluminum as they have high electrical conductivity, and hence it has been put into practical use for the joining of some automobile parts.
JP 2007-284039 A discloses a caulking joining technique through electromagnetic forming for multi-materialization. In the technique mentioned in JP 2007-284039 A, a bumper reinforcement formed of metal and having a hollow cross section is enlarged and deformed by the electromagnetic forming to be fitted into and joined to a hole provided in a bumper stay that is formed of an aluminum alloy.
The electromagnetic forming mentioned in JP 2007-284039 A and other joining methods are required to improve the joining strength between members. To improve the joining strength, it is preferable that the strength of the member itself is enhanced. To this end, an increase in the hardness of material or in the thickness of the member can be proposed. However, the increase in the hardness of the member increases the risk of crack formation in the member on impact, and also the increase in the thickness of the member increases the weight of a component including the member. Alternatively, to improve the joining strength, the joint portion is also proposed to be subjected to a process, such as burring. However, the burring process is sometimes difficult to perform on account of the shape of the joint portion. Even if the shape of the joint portion is one that is suitable for the burring process, the execution of the burring process leads to an increase in the number of manufacturing steps and also to an increase in the manufacturing cost of the joint portion. In addition, joining using electromagnetic forming has difficulty in enlarging a member having a polygonal cross-section and caulking and joining the member to a mating member.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a joining method and joint structure of members which can improve a joining strength therebetween while suppressing an increase in the weight of the members when joining the two members by enlarging one of these members that has a polygonal cross section.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a joining method of members, which includes the steps of:
preparing a first member in which a first hole portion having a polygonal cross-sectional shape is formed, and a second member having a hollow shape, wherein
the second member has a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the polygonal cross-sectional shape of the first hole portion, the second member including a plurality of straight line portions extending linearly and a corner portion positioned between the adjacent two straight line portions in the cross-sectional shape;
inserting the second member into the first hole portion of the first member; and
caulking and joining the second member to the first member by enlarging and deforming the corner portion.
With the above-mentioned configuration, the joining strength between the members can be improved by enlarging and deforming the corner portion, which has a higher caulking holding force than the straight line portion.
In particular, as the number, size, or weight of the members is not increased or another member is not added, the joining strength between the members can be improved without increasing the weight of the members.
The polygonal cross-sectional shape of the first hole portion only needs to have a shape that includes straight line portions and a corner portion. Further, the corner portion of the first hole portion may be one having an arc shape or one having a vertex with a predetermined angle. The cross-sectional shape of the second member corresponding to the polygonal cross-sectional shape of the first hole portion only needs to have any shape which enables the second member to be inserted into the first hole portion having the polygonal cross-sectional shape and which has straight line portions corresponding to the straight line portions of the first hole portion and a corner portion corresponding to the corner portion of the first hole portion. The corner portion of the second member may be one having an arc shape or one having a vertex with a predetermined angle.
The first aspect preferably further includes the following configurations.
(1) An elastic body is disposed in the corner portion of the second member, and
the corner portion is enlarged and deformed by compressing the elastic body in a direction of the insertion of the second member.
(2) The straight line portion of the second member has a length that is equal to or more than a first length, and
a core member is disposed at the straight line portion.
(3) In the above-mentioned configuration (2), the first length is equal to an effective width B of the first member, the effective width B is determined by formula (1) below, and
a length C of the core member in a longitudinal direction of the straight portion is determined by formula (3) below:
[Equation 1]
B=α×√E×t/√σy (1)
0.9≤α≤1.1 (2)
C≥L−B (3)
where α is specified by formula (2), E is a Young's modulus of the first member, t is a plate thickness of the first member, σy is a yield stress of the first member, and L is a length of the straight line portion.
With the above-mentioned configuration (1), the corner portion is enlarged and deformed using the elastic body disposed in the corner portion, so that the corner portion can be uniformly deformed. Consequently, the fitting accuracy between the first member and the second member is improved, thereby making it possible to improve the joining strength therebetween.
With the above-mentioned configuration (2), by arranging the core member at the straight line portion that has a predetermined length or more, the corner portion having a higher caulking holding force than the straight line portion is deformed concentratedly without deforming the straight line portion which is more likely to elastically buckle by an in-plane compressive force generated at the time of caulking. Thus, the joining strength can be improved.
With the above-mentioned configuration (3), when the length of the straight line portion is larger than the effective width of the first member, the first member is more likely to elastically buckle in the region spaced away from each of both ends of the straight line portion only by half the effective width, i.e., ½ of the effective width. Because of this, the core member is arranged in this region, thereby preventing the second member from being enlarged and deformed in the region, which can also prevent the first member from elastically buckling in the region.
With the above-mentioned configuration (4), the region where the elastic body is arranged is located in at least the joint portion between the first member and the second member, thereby making it possible to reduce the necessary amount of the elastic body. Furthermore, the size of the elastic body is set smaller, so that the corner portion can be uniformly and more easily deformed using the elastic body.
A second aspect of the present invention is characterized by a joint structure of members between a first member having a first hole portion and a second member having a hollow shape, the second member being inserted into the first hole portion, wherein
the first hole portion has a polygonal cross-sectional shape,
the second member has a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the polygonal cross-sectional shape of the first hole portion, the second member including a plurality of straight line portions extending linearly and a corner portion positioned between the adjacent two straight line portions in the cross-sectional shape, and
an amount of enlarged deformation of the second member in at least the one corner portion is larger than an amount of enlarged deformation of the second member in the straight line on at least one side.
With the above-mentioned configuration, the amount of enlarged deformation of the corner portion having a higher caulking holding force than the straight line portion is increased, thereby making it possible to improve the joining strength of the members. In particular, as the number, size, or weight of the members is not increased or another member is not added, the joining strength between the members can be improved without increasing the weight of the members.
In short, according to the present invention, the joining method and joint structure of members can be provided that improves a joining strength therebetween while suppressing an increase in the weight of the members when joining the two members by enlarging one of these members that has a polygonal cross section.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although in the description below, terms indicative of directions and positions (e.g., “upper side”, “lower side”, and the like) are used in some cases, these terms are to make the invention easy to understand and do not limit the technical scope of the present invention by their meanings. Furthermore, the following description is illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention only, and is not intended to limit the present invention and applied products or applications thereof.
Although in the respective embodiments illustrated below, materials of individual members are exemplified, the materials of the individual members are not particularly limited to the exemplified ones in all embodiments. The present invention can be applied to arbitrary materials. For example, the first and second members both are formed of iron only, aluminum alloys only, or a combination of iron and an aluminum alloy and the like.
The second member 2 is formed of, for example, an aluminum alloy. The second member 2 has a hollow rectangular parallelepiped shape with their corners formed in an arc shape and extends in an axis Z direction. The axis Z passes through the center of the second member 2 and the centers of the first hole portions 17 and 18 of the first member 1. The axis Z direction coincides with the insertion direction in which the second member 2 is inserted into the first member 1.
The second member 2 also has a rectangular cross-sectional shape corresponding to the rectangular cross-sectional shape of each of the first hole portions 17 and 18 so as to be insertable into the first hole portions 17 and 18. Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the second member 2 is similar to the cross-sectional shape of each of the first hole portions 17 and 18, and is slightly smaller than the cross-sectional shape of each of the first hole portions 17 and 18.
The second member 2 includes straight line portions 21 to 24 extending linearly, and corner portions 25 to 28 positioned between the two straight line portions in the cross-sectional shape. In a state where the second member 2 is inserted into the first hole portions 17 and 18, the straight line portion 21 faces the straight line portion 171a, the straight line portion 22 faces the straight line portion 172a, the straight line portion 23 faces the straight line portion 173a, and the straight line portion 24 faces the straight line portion 174a. In the same state, the corner portion 25 faces the corner portion 175, the corner portion 26 faces the corner portion 176, the corner portion 27 faces the corner portion 177, and the corner portion 28 faces the corner portion 178. The four corner portions 25 to 28 each have an arc shape with the same curvature.
Each of the straight line portions 21 and 22 on the long side has a length that is equal to or more than a first length, and each of the straight line portions 23 and 24 on the short side has a length less than the first length. The first length is equal to an effective width B of the first member 1.
The effective width B of the first member 1 is determined by formula (1) below:
[Equation 2]
B=α×√E×t/√σy (1)
0.9≤α≤1.1 (2)
where α is specified by the formula (2), E is a Young's modulus of the first member 1, t is a plate thickness of the first member 1, and σy is a yield stress of the first member 1.
It is noted that in the formula (1), the effective width B of the first member 1 is specified by the Karman equation on the assumption that the first member 1 buckles elastically when the yield stress is reached.
Joining between the first member 1 and the second member 2 is performed in the following way.
First, as shown in
The length C of the core member 4 in the longitudinal direction of each of the straight line portions 21 and 22 is determined by formula (3) below:
[Equation 3]
C≥L−B (3)
where L is a length of each of the straight line portions 21 and 22.
The core member 4 is formed of, for example, steel. The core member 4 may be formed of the same material as the first member 1, or may be a different material from the first member 1.
Each elastic body 3 can expand outward by receiving a compressive force to enlarge and deform the second member 2, and includes, for example, an encapsulating member in which rubber, gas, or liquid is encapsulated. It is noted that the elastic body 3 is preferably a member that is uniformly deformed when expanding outward in response to the compressive force.
When the elastic body 3 is formed of rubber, suitable material of the rubber preferably is, for example, any of urethane rubber, chloroprene rubber, CNR rubber (chloroprene rubber+nitrile rubber), or silicone rubber. The hardness of these rubbers is preferably 30 or more in terms of Shore A.
It is noted that the second member 2 may be inserted into the first hole portions 17 and 18 in a state where the elastic bodies 3 and the core members 4 and 5 are inserted into the second member 2.
Then, the second member 2 into which the elastic bodies 3 and the core members 4 and 5 are inserted is set in a press device 6. The press device 6 includes an indenter 61 and a stand 62. The indenter 61 has a flat lower surface. The indenter 61 presses, with its lower surface, the elastic bodies 3 via the core members 5. The stand 62 has a flat upper surface. The elastic bodies 3 are placed on the upper surface of the stand 62 via the core members 5.
Then, an external compressive force is applied to the elastic bodies 3 in the axis Z direction by the press device 6. As the dimension in the axis Z direction of the elastic body 3 decreases, the dimension in the radial direction of the elastic body 3 increases. In this manner, each elastic body 3 is elastically deformed (expanded) outward from the axis Z, and as a result, the second member 2 into the interior of which the elastic bodies 3 are inserted is enlarged and deformed.
After the first member 1 and the second member 2 are joined together, the compressive force of the press device 6 is released. The elastic bodies 3 from which the compressive force has been released are restored to their original shape by their own elastic force, and are then removed from the second member 2. The core members 4 and 5 are also removed from the second member 2.
It should be noted that as the core member 4 is not disposed at the straight line portions 23 and 24 on the short side, the amount of enlarged deformation of the second member 2 in the corner portions 25 to 28 is smaller than the amount of enlarged deformation of the second member 2 in the straight line portions 23 and 24 on the short side. In more detail, the amount of enlarged deformation of the second member 2 toward the first member 1 increases from the corner portions 25 to 28 toward the center in the longitudinal direction of the straight line portions 23 and 24 on the short side.
According to the joining method and joint structure between the first member 10 and the second member 20 with the above-mentioned configuration, the following effects can be exhibited.
The joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2 can be improved by enlarging and deforming the corner portions 25 to 28, which have a higher caulking holding force than the straight line portions 21 to 24, in the second member 2. In particular, as the number, size, or weight of members is not increased or another member is not added, the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2 can be improved without increasing the weight of the members.
Since the corner portions 25 to 28 are enlarged and deformed using the elastic bodies 3 disposed in the corner portions 25 to 28, the corner portions 25 to 28 can be uniformly deformed. Consequently, the fitting accuracy between the first member 1 and the second member 2 is improved, thereby making it possible to improve the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2.
By arranging the core member 4 at the straight line portions 21 and 22, each having a predetermined length or more, the corner portions 25 to 28 having a higher caulking holding force than the straight line portions 21 and 22 are deformed concentratedly without deforming the straight line portions 21 and 22 which are more likely to elastically buckle by an in-plane compressive force generated at the time of caulking. Consequently, the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2 can be improved.
When the length of each of the straight line portions 21 and 22 is larger than the effective width B of the first member 1, the first member 1 tends to elastically buckle in a region spaced apart by half the effective width B, i.e., B/2 only from each of both ends of the straight line portions 21 and 22. Because of this, the core member 4 is arranged in this region, thereby preventing the second member 2 from being enlarged and deformed in the region, which can also prevent the first member 1 from elastically buckling in the region.
The region where each elastic body 3 is arranged is set to at least the joint portion 1a between the first member 1 and the second member 2, thereby making it possible to reduce the necessary amount of the elastic bodies 3. Furthermore, the size of each elastic body 3 is set smaller, so that the corner portions 25 to 28 can be uniformly and more easily deformed using the elastic bodies 3.
The cross-sectional shape of the second member 2 is similar to the cross-sectional shape of each of the first hole portions 17 and 18 in the first member 1. Thus, the corner portions 25 to 28 of the second member 2 can be uniformly enlarged and deformed, thus making it possible to suppress the occurrence of a local load on the first member 1 and the second member 2.
The amount of enlarged deformation of the second member 2 at the corner portions 25 to 28 is larger than the amount of enlarged deformation of the second member 2 at the straight line portions 21 and 22 on the long side. That is, the amount of enlarged deformation of the corner portions 25 to 28, each of which has a higher caulking holding force than the straight line portions 21 and 22, is set large. Because of this, the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2 can be improved. Furthermore, the amount of enlarged deformation of the second member 2 toward the first member 1 decreases from the corner portions 25 to 28 toward the center in the longitudinal direction of the straight line portions 21 and 22 on the long side, thereby making it possible to improve the fitting accuracy between the first member 1 and the second member 2 at the corner portions 25 to 28. Consequently, the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2 can be improved.
The upper wall 11 and the lower wall 12 of the first member 1 are provided with the first hole portions 71 and 72, respectively, into which the second member 2 is insertable.
The second member 2 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape corresponding to the rectangular cross-sectional shape of each of the first hole portions 71 and 72 so as to be insertable into the first hole portions 71 and 72. Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the second member 2 is similar to the cross-sectional shape of each of the first hole portions 71 and 72, and is slightly smaller than the cross-sectional shape of each of the first hole portions 71 and 72.
The second member 2 includes straight line portions 81 to 84 extending linearly, and corner portions 85 to 88 positioned between the two straight line portions in the cross-sectional shape. In a state where the second member 2 is inserted into the first hole portions 71 and 72, the straight line portion 81 faces the straight line portion 711a, the straight line portion 82 faces the straight line portion 712a, the straight line portion 83 faces the straight line portion 713a, and the straight line portion 84 faces the straight line portion 714a. In the same state, the corner portion 85 faces the corner portion 715, the corner portion 86 faces the corner portion 716, the corner portion 87 faces the corner portion 717, and the corner portion 88 faces the corner portion 718. The four corner portions 85 to 88 each have an arc shape with the same curvature.
Each of the straight line portions 81 and 82 on the long side and the straight line portions 83 and 84 on the short side has a length that is equal to or more than the first length. The first length is equal to the effective width B of the first member 1. The effective width B of the first member 1 is determined in the same way as in the first embodiment.
Joining between the first member 1 and the second member 2 is performed in the following way.
First, as shown in
The length C1 of the core member 4 in the longitudinal direction of each of the straight portions 81 and 82 is determined by formula (4) below:
[Equation 4]
C1≥L1−B (4)
where L1 is a length of each of the straight line portions 81 and 82.
The length C2 of the core member 4 in the longitudinal direction of each of the straight portions 83 and 84 is determined by formula (5) below:
[Equation 5]
C2≥L2−B (5)
where L2 is a length of each of the straight line portions 83 and 84.
The second member 2 may be inserted into the first hole portions 71 and 72 in a state where the elastic bodies 3 and the core members 4 and 5 are inserted into the second member 2.
Then, the second member 2 into which the elastic bodies 3 and the core members 4 and 5 are inserted is set in a press device 6. The press device 6 includes an indenter 61 and a stand 62. The indenter 61 has a flat lower surface. The indenter 61 presses, with its lower surface, the elastic bodies 3 via the core members 5. The stand 62 has a flat upper surface. The elastic body 3 is placed on the upper surface of the stand 62 via the core member 5.
Then, an external compressive force is applied to the elastic body 3 in the axis Z direction by the press device 6. As the dimension in the axis Z direction of the elastic body 3 decreases, the dimension in the radial direction of the elastic body 3 increases. In this manner, the elastic body 3 is elastically deformed (expanded) outward from the axis Z, and as a result, the second member 2 into which the elastic bodies 3 are inserted is enlarged and deformed.
After the first member 1 and the second member 2 are joined together, the compressive force of the press device 6 is released. The elastic bodies 3 from which the compressive force has been released are restored to their original shape by their own elastic force, and are then removed from the second member 2. The core members 4 and 5 are also removed from the second member 2.
The joining method and joint structure between the first member 1 and the second member 2 with the above-mentioned configuration can exhibit the following effects.
By arranging the core member 4 at the straight line portions 81 to 84 on four sides, each having a predetermined length or more, the corner portions 85 to 88 having a higher caulking holding force than the straight line portions 81 to 84 are deformed concentratedly without deforming the straight line portions 81 to 84 which are more likely to elastically buckle by an in-plane compressive force generated at the time of caulking. Consequently, the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2 can be improved. In particular, as the number, size, or weight of the members is not increased or another member is not added, the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2 can be improved without increasing the weight of the members.
Since the corner portions 85 to 88 are enlarged and deformed using the elastic bodies 3 disposed in the corner portions 85 to 88, the corner portions 85 to 88 can be uniformly deformed. Consequently, the fitting accuracy between the first member 1 and the second member 2 is improved, thereby making it possible to improve the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2.
The region where each elastic body 3 is arranged is located in at least the joint portion between the first member 1 and the second member 2, thereby making it possible to reduce the necessary amount of the elastic bodies 3. Furthermore, the size of each elastic body 3 is set smaller, so that the corner portions 85 to 88 can be uniformly and more easily deformed using the elastic bodies 3.
The cross-sectional shape of the second member 2 is similar to the cross-sectional shape of each of the first hole portions 71 and 72 in the first member 1. Thus, the corner portions 85 to 88 of the second member 2 can be uniformly enlarged and deformed, thus making it possible to suppress the occurrence of a local load on the first member 1 and the second member 2.
The amount of enlarged deformation of the second member 2 in the corner portions 85 to 88 is larger than the amount of enlarged deformation of the second member 2 in the straight line portions 81 to 84. That is, the amount of enlarged deformation of the corner portions 85 to 88, which has a higher caulking holding force than the straight line portions 81 and 84, is set large. Because of this, the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2 can be improved. Furthermore, the amount of enlarged deformation of the second member 2 toward the first member 1 decreases from the corner portions 85 to 88 toward the center in the longitudinal direction of the straight line portions 81 and 84, thereby making it possible to improve the fitting accuracy between the first member 1 and the second member 2 in the corner portions 85 to 88. Consequently, the joining strength between the first member 1 and the second member 2 can be improved.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, the corner portions of the second member 2 are enlarged and deformed by compressing the elastic bodies 3 in the insertion direction (axis Z direction) of the second member 2. However, the means for enlarging and deforming the corner portion is not limited to the elastic body 3, and may be any means for enlarging and deforming the corner portion, such as application of pressure using a mold or the like.
In the above-mentioned embodiments, the elastic bodies 3 are separated into top and bottom parts and arranged to extend by a predetermined length along the insertion direction (axis Z direction) of the second member 2 and to cover the joint portions 1a between the first member 1 and the second member 2 in the corner portions of the second member 2. However, as shown in
In the above-mentioned embodiment, the effective width B of the first member is specified by the Karman equation on the assumption that the first member buckles elastically when the yield stress is reached, but may be derived based on another formula or other conditions.
In the above-mentioned embodiments, each of the first hole portions 17 and 18 of the first member 1 and the second member 2 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. However, the shape of each of the first hole portions 17 and 18 and the second member 2 is not limited to the rectangular cross-sectional shape and may be a polygonal cross-sectional shape that has the straight line portions and the corner portions, such as a triangle cross-sectional shape, a square cross-sectional shape, a pentagonal cross-sectional shape, and a hexagonal cross-sectional shape. It is noted that the cross-sectional shape of the second member 2 only needs to have any shape that enables the second member 2 to be inserted into each of the first hole portions 17 and 18 having the polygonal cross-sectional shape and which has straight line portions corresponding to the straight line portions of the first hole portions 17 and 18 and corner portions corresponding to the corner portions of the first hole portions 17 and 18.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, the respective corner portions of the first member 1 have the arc shapes that have the same curvature, but may have arc shapes that have, for example, different curvatures. Likewise, the respective corner portions of the second member 2 have arc shapes that have the same curvature, but may have arc shapes that have, for example, different curvatures. Each of the corner portions of the first member 1 and the corner portions of the second member 2 may have a vertex with a predetermined angle. It is noted that as each of the corner portions of the second member 2 has the arc shape, the elastic bodies 3 can easily fill in the respective corner portions without any gap, and thereby the corner portions can be more uniformly enlarged and deformed through the compression of the elastic bodies 3.
When the length of the straight line portion of the second member 2 is the first length or less, the core member 4 does not need to be disposed. However, if the core member 4 is disposed, the core member 4 should be preferably disposed at the center in the longitudinal direction of the straight line portion in consideration of the fact that the first member easily buckles elastically in the region spaced away from each of both ends of the straight line portion only by half the effective width, i.e., B/2.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, the second member 2 is inserted into the first hole portions of the first member 1 and passes through the first member 1. However, the second member 2 may not pass through the entire first member 1. Specifically, the joint portion 1a between the first member 1 and the second member 2 only needs to be present, and, for example, the second member 2 may pass through only one of the first hole portions of the first member 1 while not passing through the other.
The present invention is not limited to the configurations mentioned in the above embodiments, and can include various modifications that could be conceived by a person skilled in the art without departing from the contents mentioned in claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016-066139 | Mar 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/006309 | 2/21/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017/169298 | 10/5/2017 | WO | A |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2024681 | Jan 1980 | GB |
| S51-133170 | Nov 1976 | JP |
| 2007-284039 | Nov 2007 | JP |
| 2007-319919 | Dec 2007 | JP |
| 2010-046697 | Mar 2010 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| Notification of Transmittal of Translation of the International Preliminary Report on Patentability and Translation of Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority; PCT/JP2017/006309; dated Oct. 2, 2018. |
| International Search Report issued in PCT/JP2017/006309, dated Apr. 4, 2017. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190070656 A1 | Mar 2019 | US |
