The invention relates to a jointless prosthetic foot with a leaf spring which has a distal foot-strike section, a connecting section, and a proximal attachment section which extends in an anterior-posterior direction and on which an attachment adapter can be secured. A prosthetic foot of this kind is suitable in particular as a sports foot.
A sports foot is generally designed as a one-piece leaf spring made from a fiber-reinforced plastic. The binding to a socket, which is also intended to be possible in below-knee prostheses, has the effect that, during loading, the tip of the leaf spring not only moves upward with respect to the socket, i.e. in the vertical direction, but also moves forward as a result of a flexion of the spring. When the foot is set down, this has the effect that the leg is pressed rearward in relation to the ground. Moreover, when the energy stored in the spring is released, a posteriorly directed component may arise, with the result that the direction of the energy release does not correspond 100% to the direction in which the athlete is running.
Under the trade name Flex-Run, the company Össur markets a sports foot with a spring which is bent in a C shape and on the upper end of which an attachment adapter is secured.
Under the trade name “endolite Blade XT”, the company Chas A Blatchford & Sons Ltd. markets a prosthetic foot for amateur athletes and runners, having a forefoot spring which has a substantially horizontal head section and a one-piece spring with an outwardly convex shape, said spring being divided into two parts in the lower area by a slit. In the front area of the spring, a sole protection and a heel spring are fastened by way of two screws; the spring stiffness of the heel spring can be set using a wedge. The heel spring has a less flexible reaction as a consequence of inserting the heel wedge. A proximal adapter is guided displaceably in a receiving slit in a securable manner.
The company Freedom Innovations markets a sports foot under the trade name “Nitro Running Foot”, with a vertical receiving area on which a proximal adapter is secured. From the proximal adapter, a one-piece leaf spring extends in an arc shape as far as a foot-strike area. The special leaf spring slopes gently upward.
The object of the present invention is to make available a prosthetic foot which is easily adaptable to the different needs of a user, and to bring the action line closer to the center of gravity of the body, so as to allow the prosthetic foot to be used as efficiently as possible.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a jointless prosthetic foot having the features of the main claim. Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims, the description and the figures.
In the jointless prosthetic foot with a leaf spring which has a distal foot-strike section, a connecting section which can extend obliquely upward and rearward, and a proximal attachment section which extends in an anterior-posterior direction and on which an attachment adapter can be secured, provision is made that the attachment adapter is mounted so as to be adjustable along a convexly curved path in the anterior-posterior direction. By means of the adjustable, preferably steplessly adjustable, mounting of the attachment adapter along a path which is convex, i.e. curved outward, it is possible that, during a shift of the attachment adapter relative to the leaf spring in the anterior-posterior direction, the position of the foot-strike area or of the foot-strike line to the perpendicular of the attachment adapter remains substantially constant, i.e. there is no displacement of the foot-strike area in the anterior-posterior direction. It is thus possible to bring about an increased variability of the force introduction on account of the change of the force lever, without changing the set-up of the prosthesis. In particular, upon displacement of the leaf spring in the anterior direction, no shifting of the foot-strike area is effected in the anterior direction to the center of gravity of the body, which would lead to a displacement of the line of action in front of the center of gravity of the body, by which means the person using the prosthesis would be slowed down. Moreover, in addition to the constant or almost constant position of the foot-strike area and the avoidance of an increased rearwardly directed force component, the prosthetic foot height must be maintained, as a result of which the user senses no appreciable change in the prosthesis dimensions despite the change in the spring properties.
In the case where the attachment adapter is mounted directly on the leaf spring, the attachment section can have a directly convex shape in order to configure the desired path curve. Upon adjustment under the adapter, the leaf spring is then displaced in the anterior or posterior direction, more easily to the front or rear, and the adapter is fixed in the desired position. If the adapter is secured on the leaf spring via an attachment adapter bearing, this can likewise permit a non-linear adjustment, such that an adjustment on the attachment adapter bearing alone or in combination with a non-linear configuration of the attachment section leads to a substantially constant prosthesis height at different positions of the attachment adapter on the leaf spring. Both the attachment section and also the attachment adapter bearing can be formed convexly, the attachment adapter bearing can have a curved guide path for the attachment adapter, wherein the curvatures of the attachment section and/or of the attachment adapter bearing do not have to be constant. The curvatures are configured or supplement each other in such a way that the attachment adapter itself remains at a substantially constant height during an adjustment, and the foot-strike area remains substantially unchanged during an adjustment. If the rotation point of the leaf spring in the foot-strike section lies in the perpendicular to the attachment adapter, and if the bearing surface of the foot-strike section has a constant curvature, then the curvature of the attachment section and/or the curvature of the attachment adapter bearing can be constant. If the foot-strike point or the foot-strike line lies in front of or behind the perpendicular, and if the foot-strike section in the roll-over area, for example, is provided with a constant radius of curvature during the adjustment, the curvature of the attachment section and/or of the attachment adapter bearing is such that the height difference is compensated, the prosthetic foot height remains constant, and the foot-strike point or the foot-strike line as before lies in front of or behind the perpendicular. The set-up does not change.
In the attachment section and/or the attachment adapter bearing, a receiving slit extending in the anterior-posterior direction can be arranged or formed for the attachment adapter. By virtue of the arrangement of the receiving slit in the attachment section or in the attachment adapter bearing, it is possible to achieve increased variability of the force introduction on account of the change of the force lever, with at the same time stepless displaceability and good guiding precision. Besides a receiving slit, the attachment adapter can be secured on a guide web or directly on the leaf spring, for example by a clamping connection.
The path, on which the attachment adapter is in particular mounted displaceably, can at least regionally have a radius of curvature which opens out in the foot-strike section, preferably in the roll-off area during the adjustment of the leaf spring. If the roll-off point or the roll-off line in the foot-strike section coincides with the center point of the curvature, the radius forms the shape of the path curvature along which the attachment adapter can be displaced.
In an advantageous embodiment, provision is made that the connecting section has a concave shape such that, after the foot-strike section, the leaf spring curves away from the ground, which has the effect that the connection area cannot come into contact with the ground, even with an increased length of stride. The ground contact of the leaf spring thus takes place only in the foot-strike section, not in the posteriorly and proximally adjoining connecting section. It is thus possible to keep the connecting section free from any ground contact, such that a defined assignment of the respective functions in the respective sections can be established. The foot-strike section is the only area that has ground contact, the attachment section defines the allocation of the attachment adapter to the leaf spring, and the connecting section produces the resilient, posteriorly and proximally extending connection between these two sections. By virtue of the convex shape of the attachment section, it is possible, during a rotation about the foot-strike point or the foot-strike line in the convex foot-strike section curved outward in the direction of the arc, to bring about an increase or decrease of the lever length of the leaf spring, without the foot height or the position of the foot-strike area being changed. If a greater lever length is wanted, for example in order to permit gentler spring compression during light jogging, the attachment adapter is displaced forward; if the attachment adapter is displaced further rearward, the spring stiffens, which is preferable for sprinting. Thus, seen from the attachment adapter, the preferred profile of the leaf spring is initially shaped convexly upward and away from the ground, then in the connecting section it is shaped concavely away from the ground and, finally, is shaped convexly toward the ground in the foot-strike section, in order there to provide a defined rotation point or a defined rotation axis in the bearing area of the foot-strike section which, on account of the convex configuration of the displacement path of the attachment adapter, remains almost unchanged relative to the perpendicular of the attachment adapter. The concave connecting section ensures that the ground contact always takes place in the front foot-strike section. If, with a strongly angled foot strike, the connecting section first had ground contact, the working lever of the prosthetic foot would be greatly reduced, as a result of which the prosthetic foot would be much stiffer at set-down than when lifting the prosthetic foot at the end of the ground contact. Such behavior is undesirable and is prevented by the concave curvature posterior to the foot-strike section.
In a development of the invention, provision is made that the attachment section, at least in the area of the receiving slit, has a radius of curvature which is constant with respect to a roll-off area in the foot-strike section, such that a constant foot height can be maintained independently of the position of the attachment adapter. The roll-off area is that area which, during the adjustment of the attachment adapter, is traversed from a maximum anterior point to a maximum posterior point, when the prosthetic foot is unloaded or only statically loaded, e.g. when the person using the prosthesis is standing relaxed. The constant radius of curvature can be achieved by the fact that the radii of the attachment section and of the foot-strike section are identical, or by the fact that approximately the roll-off area is so narrow that there is no significant change of the prosthesis height. This ensures that there is a constant prosthetic foot height across the adjustment range of the receiving slit.
On the attachment section, e.g. on the receiving slit, on the leaf spring, on the attachment adapter bearing and/or on the attachment adapter, a scale for orientation of the anterior-posterior adjustment of the attachment adapter can be arranged, for example by line markings and a corresponding marking on the attachment adapter, such that, by means of the scale, a relationship to the achieved degree of hardness is produced in a quantifiable manner. It is thereby possible to adjust the hardness of the spring, and therefore also the prosthetic foot as such, not only by feel, but also exactly according to measured parameters. The scale or marking can have a Vernier. The scale permits a reproducibility of the setting.
The leaf spring is preferably thicker in the attachment section than in the foot-strike section, in order to achieve a precise assignment of the attachment adapter to the prosthesis socket and to the leaf spring. On account of the increased stiffness, which derives from an increased leaf spring thickness resulting from an increased number of fabric layers and/or an additional plastic matrix composition, only a slight deformation is permitted in the attachment section.
The receiving section is advantageously stiffer, as far as the transition to the connecting section, than in the connecting section itself and than in the foot-strike section. The stiffer configuration, which can extend to before the rear curvature or the rear arc, has the effect that the leaf spring deforms only slightly in this area, in order to cause the least possible horizontal displacement of the line of action of the leaf spring. A deformation of the leaf spring in the area of the attachment section would result in an almost horizontal deformation of the prosthetic foot tip, which is undesirable. Only in the area of the rear convex arc is the leaf spring designed tapering, because a deformation here leads to a greatly reduced horizontal displacement of the line of action. A deformation in the connecting section with the concave configuration also leads to a relatively more vertical direction of action of the leaf spring and is therefore desirable. By means of the spring tapering from the attachment section toward the foot-strike section, it is possible for the mechanical loads inside the spring to be kept substantially constant, since a lower mechanical load arises at the front end of the spring, i.e. in the area of the foot tip, than in the area of the support in the attachment adapter. The stiff configuration of the leaf spring in the attachment section and the more flexible configuration starting from the end area of the attachment section is also to be seen as an independent invention irrespective of the adjustment path of the attachment adapter. The tapering or more flexible configuration of the spring begins in front of the rear arc and can increase as far as the foot tip. The increasingly more flexible configuration can be provided continuously or in discrete steps, for example regionally for the connecting section and the foot-strike section.
The attachment adapter is arranged in a receiving slit, on a receiving web or on the leaf spring, wherein the attachment adapter has a contact surface with a shape corresponding to the attachment section or to the respective securing component. This means that the attachment adapter is designed in several parts, preferably having an upper part and a lower part, which can have the effect that the parts have on the one hand a concave configuration and on the other hand a convex configuration, so as to be able to bear over the greatest possible surface area on the optionally curved shape of the attachment section or of the attachment adapter bearing.
The attachment adapter can consist at least of a first, preferably upper adapter part and a second, preferably lower adapter part, wherein both adapter parts have correspondingly shaped contact surfaces, thereby ensuring that the adapter parts bear over a large surface area on the leaf spring or the adapter bearing. If securing is effected on a web or in a slit formed therein, the adapter parts can also be arranged to the right and left of the web.
To be able to effect simple displacement across the entire adjustment range, the leaf spring is provided in the attachment section with a constant material thickness, such that a tilting of the attachment adapter on account of different material thicknesses, for example on account of a tapering leaf spring in the rear adjustment area, is ruled out. Lateral clamping can also take place directly on the leaf spring.
A sole contour element, which has at least one padding or a profiling, can be secured in the foot-strike section in order to protect the abrasion-sensitive leaf spring with a composite material against wear and, in addition, to make available improved traction for the person using the prosthetic foot. The sole contour element with padding or profiling advantageously covers the prosthetic foot tip in order, on the one hand, to provide protection of the fiber components specifically in the front surfaces of the leaf spring and, on the other hand, to protect the user against sharp splinters or the like.
The prosthetic foot tip protrudes anteriorly beyond the attachment section, such that the set-down point or strike point or strike line of the foot-strike section advantageously lies between 3 cm and 5 cm in front of the perpendicular line of the attachment adapter.
The length of the adjustment range, e.g. of the receiving slit or of the displacement path on the attachment section, advantageously permits a rotation of between 5° and 10°, which has proven sufficient to provide adequate variability within the prosthetic foot, without the spring length becoming too great and without the material thickness having to be too great in order to be able to take up the forces that occur upon still greater enlargement of the lever length.
The prosthetic foot can be realized with leaf springs in different degrees of hardness and different dimensions, such that it is suitable for patients of different weights and as a child's prosthetic foot. The prosthetic foot height can be chosen according to the body height and the amputation level or stump length. The course of the path along which the attachment adapter can be adjusted is preferably configured such that the height of the prosthetic foot remains substantially constant during an adjustment of the leaf spring relative to the attachment adapter in the anterior-posterior direction. On account of the preferably convex shape of the path, a rotation of the leaf spring takes place as the anterior proximal end of the leaf spring shifts along the adjustment path in the posterior direction, such that the strike point or the strike line of the leaf-shaped, advantageously likewise convexly shaped foot-strike section, which in this case is curved in the direction of the ground, migrates as it were in the anterior direction, such that, on the one hand, a constant prosthetic foot height or at least an almost constant prosthetic foot height is made available at a constant position of the foot-strike area. A substantially constant prosthetic foot height is considered as a maximum difference of less than 5% of the initial height of the foot.
The distance of the foot-strike section during the adjustment of the attachment adapter advantageously remains substantially constant with respect to the perpendicular line of the attachment adapter, in particular the strike point or strike area or the strike line, in order to have an unchanged or almost unchanged prosthesis set-up with a modifiable spring stiffness.
Illustrative embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the attached figures, in which:
A receiving slit 3 extending in the anterior-posterior direction is worked into or formed in the end area of the attachment section 13 and serves to receive the attachment adapter (not shown). In the area of the receiving slit 3, a scale 31 in the form of slits or markings is applied in order to orient the attachment adapter precisely and reproducibly. The receiving slit 3 is substantially rectilinear and is formed centrally in the front end of the attachment section 13 as a through-slit.
The leaf spring 10 is formed in one piece from a fiber composite, in particular as a spring reinforced with carbon fibers. Fiber composites are generally produced from resin-impregnated fiber films, so-called prepregs, which are placed and oriented one over the other and are connected to each other by the action of heat.
In
The attachment adapter 2 lies above the foot-strike section 11 in the upright orientation of the prosthetic foot 1, wherein the attachment adapter 2 is located within the perpendicular projection of the foot-strike section 11. The foot tip 14 at the anterior and distal end of the leaf spring 10 is located in front of the attachment adapter 2, likewise the rollover area 111, which comes into contact with the ground and within which the set-down point 110 or the set-down line is located in a curved leaf spring 10.
The deformation direction of the leaf spring 10 is illustrated in
The radius R of curvature of the attachment section 13 is constant, at least over the adjustment path of the attachment adapter 2. In the illustrative embodiment shown, the perpendicular line L and the base point of the perpendicular line L on the ground are used as reference variables. The set-down point 110 or 110′ lies in front of the base point of the perpendicular line L in the running direction and in front of the projection of the attachment adapter 2 onto the ground. It will be seen that there is a slight height difference between the set-down points 110, 110′; this difference is generally negligible in practice and can be reduced or completely avoided if the radii R of the curvatures of the attachment section 13 and of the foot-strike section 11 match or if the set-down point 110 matches the base point of the perpendicular line L. It will also be seen that the set-down points 110, 110′ remain at an almost constant distance in front of the perpendicular line L. In the case of a rectilinear configuration of the adjustment path of the attachment adapter 2, the set-down point would in each case migrate forward or rearward about the adjustment path.
Through the design of the leaf spring 10, it is possible to ensure that no rearwardly directed force component occurs during foot-strike, compression and rebound. Through the change in the lever arm on account of the displaceable mounting in a convex area of the attachment section, it is possible to change the compression behavior and rebound behavior of the leaf spring 10 and also the energy storage capacity in the manner desired by the person using the prosthetic foot. The lower rotation point can correspond substantially to the foot-strike point or the foot-strike line of the leaf spring in the foot-strike section, such that, with a corresponding radius of the curvature in the attachment section, a constant height of the prosthetic foot is made available.
The padding 15 can be screwed onto the foot-strike section 11 so that it can be easily replaced if it becomes worn. It will be seen from the side view according to
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2014 006 744 | May 2014 | DE | national |
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PCT/DE2015/100187 | 5/8/2015 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2015/172767 | 11/19/2015 | WO | A |
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20170049585 A1 | Feb 2017 | US |