Patent Application
20150274502
This invention relates to pressurised vessels such as kegs for storing, transporting and dispensing beverages. The invention also relates particularly to a closure for a keg, the closure having a safety mechanism to enable a keg to which the closure is fitted to be vented after use. This ensures that the keg cannot be left pressurised after use and also that it cannot be refilled with the closure being re-closed afterwards.
Kegs are widely used for the distribution and service of beverages such as beer. A keg closure typically includes a valve that defines multiple flow paths through the closure. Each flow path either leads to either a headspace of the keg (adjacent to the closure and neck of the keg), or leads to an internal base region of the keg via a dip-tube.
During filling, beverage is usually injected into the keg through the closure via a first flow path while displaced gas can exit the keg through the closure via a second flow path. Conversely, during dispensing, a propellant inert gas (typically nitrogen or carbon dioxide) can be injected into the keg through the closure via the first flow path to force beverage out of the keg through the closure along the second flow path. In the most common ‘well-type’ and ‘flat type’ arrangements, the closure comprises one or more valve elements and concentric flow paths.
At a filling station on a production line, the keg is usually inverted when filling the keg with beer and carbonated soft drinks, although it could be upright for other beverages, especially those without effervescence, and a filling head is coupled to the closure to form a seal with the closure. The filling head has one or more formations that press against one or more spring-loaded valve elements of the closure to open the flow paths through the closure. Air inside the keg is flushed out with a relatively inert gas, for example carbon dioxide, and beverage is then injected into the keg via a liquid line connected to the filling head. Gas displaced from the keg by the incoming beverage is forced out through an outlet in the filling head. When the keg is removed from the filling station, the filling head is uncoupled from the closure and the one or more valve elements of the closure therefore snap shut under spring loading, sealing the beverage and any remaining inert gas within the keg.
For the purpose of dispensing the beverage, a dispense head is coupled to the closure to form a seal with the closure. The dispense head has a lever that, when depressed, extends one or more plungers corresponding to the formations of the filling head. The plunger(s) therefore press against one or more valve elements of the closure to re-open the flow paths through the closure. Those flow paths communicate with gas and liquid lines connected to the dispense head. A propellant gas is injected into the keg from an external source connected to the gas line. Beverage is then forced out of the keg when a tap in the liquid line is opened to dispense the beverage.
When the dispense head is coupled to the closure, the propellant gas is injected into the keg at super-atmospheric pressure. The keg will remain under super-atmospheric pressure unless and until that gas is vented. It is recommended for safety purposes to vent the propellant gas from the keg prior to the dispense head being uncoupled from the closure, typically when the keg has been emptied and is being interchanged with a fresh, full keg. Such venting may be achieved by first disconnecting the pressure line from the dispense head before removing the dispense head from the closure. However, in practice, a user will often be in a hurry to swap empty kegs for full kegs while dispensing beverages in a busy bar and may not therefore take the time necessary to vent the propellant gas from the empty keg.
Instead, the user may simply remove the dispense head from the closure, allowing the one or more spring-loaded valve elements of the closure to snap shut and hence to close the flow paths through the closure. The result is that the empty keg remains pressurised, which may not be apparent upon viewing the keg. This is a particular problem where a keg is of flexible material such as blow-moulded polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is intended to allow the keg to be crushed after use for recycling rather than being returned intact for refilling like a rigid metal keg. Clearly a pressurised keg is not easily crushable. Also, in safety terms, it is undesirable for a pressurised keg to be punctured or ruptured, for example if an attempt is made to crush the keg during waste disposal while believing that the keg is not pressurised.
Another problem is that if the valve element(s) of the closure can still be opened and closed after the original beverage has been dispensed, the keg could possibly be re-filled in an unauthorised manner. For example, the keg could be re-filled with a beverage that is not of the appropriate quality; certainly, the keg is unlikely to be re-filled under the controlled conditions necessary to deliver a beverage in optimum condition. This is particularly undesirable as the keg may bear the brand of the original beverage supplier, whose reputation may be damaged by apparently supplying an inferior product. The keg could even be re-filled with a liquid that is not intended for human consumption and that could be dangerous to drink. Unauthorised refilling may not be apparent from a cursory inspection of the keg.
It is against this background that the present invention has been devised.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a closure for a pressurised vessel such as a beverage keg. For the avoidance of doubt, whilst the first aspect of the invention relates to a closure in isolation, it will be understood that in other aspects, the invention may extend to a closure in combination with a pressure vessel such as a beverage keg.
The closure comprises a housing which defines an inlet and a venting hole. The closure ideally also comprises a barrier for sealing the venting hole. The closure may be switchable between an unvented configuration and a vented configuration. Ideally, the closure is manually switchable between the unvented and vented configurations. Preferably, in the unvented configuration, the barrier seals the venting hole. Ideally, in the vented configuration, the barrier no longer seals the venting hole. Thus, in the unvented configuration, a keg to which the closure is fitted can be pressurised and in the vented configuration, that keg can be depressurised. Advantageously, the venting hole and the barrier together provide a simple way in which a keg can be permanently depressurised. Thus, the closure is effectively provided with a safety mechanism that enables a keg to which the closure is fitted to be vented after use. This ensures that the keg cannot be left pressurised after use and also that it cannot be refilled with the closure being re-closed afterwards.
Ideally, the closure is arranged to be fitted to beverage keg. Ideally, when the closure is fitted to a beverage keg, it is switchable irreversibly from the unvented configuration to the vented configuration. Accordingly, the keg to which the closure is fitted can be permanently depressurised. Advantageously, this prevents re-pressurisation of the beverage keg whilst the closure is fitted to the keg. If the closure is unfitted from the beverage keg, then it may then be notionally possible to switch the closure back from the vented to the unvented configuration, however, doing so may require disassembly of the closure, or render tamper-evidencing damage to the closure and/or keg.
Ideally, the venting hole communicates with a gas vent path between the headspace of the keg and an exterior of the closure. The venting hole is advantageously separate from the inlet so that the keg can be depressurised regardless of the state of the inlet. For example, if the inlet is closed, this does not hinder depressurisation of the keg. Accordingly, the keg to which the closure is fitted can be permanently depressurised, and so thereafter be easily and safely handled, for example crushed for disposal or recycling. Furthermore, the permanent depressurisation prevents unauthorised refilling, pressurisation and reuse of the keg.
Ideally, the closure is intended for use with a keg suitable for the pressurised dispensing of draught beverages such as beer. Ideally, the inlet is for admitting a pressurised propellant gas into the keg for the pressurised dispensing of draught beverages from the keg. Accordingly, the closure may define a gas flow path between the inlet and an internal headspace of the keg to which the closure is fitted. The gas flow path and the gas vent path may join with one another at least in part.
Ideally, the housing of the closure is shaped and arranged to allow fitment of the closure to the keg. Ideally, the closure is arranged to engage with and seal around a neck of the keg. Ideally, the housing of the closure is arranged so that the closure can be at least partly received within the neck of the keg. This has many advantages including saving space, and improving the strength of the engagement between the keg and closure. Ideally, to facilitate automated fitting of the closure to the keg, the closure can be push-fit on to the keg.
As mentioned, the housing may define the venting hole. More specifically, the housing may comprise a wall within which the venting hole may be defined. Preferably, the barrier is engaged to the housing defining the venting hole when the closure is in the unvented configuration. Ideally, the barrier is arranged to be dislodged from its engagement with the housing so as to switch the closure to the vented configuration. Preferably, the barrier is fitted at least partly within the venting hole to seal the closure in the unvented configuration. Ideally, the barrier is arranged to be expelled from the venting hole so as to switch the closure to the vented configuration. Ideally, the barrier is a discrete member such as a bung which, when dislodged, separates from the housing defining the venting hole. Advantageously, the dislodging of the barrier from its engagement with the housing defining the venting hole further assures the permanency of the depressurisation.
Preferably, the closure further comprises a retention portion for retaining the barrier to the closure when the closure is in the vented configuration, and the barrier is unsealed/dislodged from the venting hole. The retention portion may comprise a cage within which the barrier is captured if the barrier is fully separated from the housing defining the venting hole. Ideally, the gas vent path is at least partly routed through the cage. Advantageously, the retention portion allows the barrier to become disengaged from the housing defining the venting hole, but prevents separation of the barrier from the closure in general. If the barrier were to be completely separated from the wall defining the venting hole, then there would be a danger that the barrier could fall into a beverage contained within the keg, potentially spoiling it. The retention portion prevents this.
Ideally, at least one of the barrier and housing defining the venting hole are shaped to restrain the barrier against movement in an outward direction towards the exterior of the closure. Preferably, the barrier and wall defining the venting hole are tapered relative to one another so as to ensure a reliable seal between the barrier and the venting hole and also to restrain the barrier against movement in the outward direction toward the exterior of the closure. Advantageously, this further assures the permanency of the depressurisation of the keg. Effectively, this is because the barrier must be dislodged from the venting hole by moving it in a direction toward the interior of the closure or keg. When the closure is fitted to the keg, this is at a position that is practically inaccessible to a user, and so the user cannot reattach the barrier to reseal the venting hole. Furthermore, in this configuration, a force on the barrier imparted by a super-atmospheric pressure within the keg cannot force the barrier in a direction that unseals the venting hole, causing premature depressurisation.
The closure may comprise a venting member. Alternatively, the closure may simply be arranged or configured for operation or interaction with a venting member, the venting member not necessarily being part of the closure.
Ideally, the venting member is arranged to act on the barrier to unseal the barrier from the venting hole thereby to switch the closure from the unvented to the vented configuration. Advantageously, the venting member can be optimally shaped and arranged to effectively transfer a force provided by a user wishing to depressurise the keg to the barrier. To this end, the venting member may comprise a drive member for transmitting a manually-applied force to the barrier.
Advantageously, the manually-operable drive member provides a greater choice in the design, size and shape of the barrier. Specifically, the barrier can be chosen to be small in size relative to the rest of the closure. This can minimise the outward force acting on the barrier when the keg is pressurised, and so can make it easier for a user to drive the barrier into the closure against the gas pressure. If the drive member were not present, then the barrier would need to be of a minimum size and shape to allow, for example, a user's finger to unplug it from the venting hole by pushing the barrier in towards the closure. Furthermore, the drive member can allow a user to apply the force necessary to unseal the barrier more comfortably; the force applied by the user's fingers or hand can be spread over a relatively large area, yet can be transmitted via the drive member to a barrier having a comparatively smaller area. To this end, the venting member may comprise a hand contact region for receiving a manually-applied force, that hand contact region being larger than a barrier contact region for transmitting that manually-applied force to the barrier.
Ideally, at least a portion of the venting member is arranged to fit within the venting hole. Advantageously, this allows the venting member to be in direct contact with the barrier, and at position ready for depressurising a keg to which the closure is fitted. Ideally, the portion of the venting member that is arranged to fit within the venting hole defines a conduit shaped and arranged to permit gas released during depressurisation of the keg to flow through the venting hole whilst that portion of the venting member is in the venting hole. Advantageously, this further ensures the safety of the closure during depressurisation as the vented gas can be routed by the conduit in a way that prevents injury to a user. Ideally, the venting member is arranged to drive the barrier in an inward direction away from the exterior of the closure, and in towards the gas vent path. This can further minimise injury as there is no danger of the barrier being forcibly expelled towards the user by the vented gas.
Another advantage of the venting member is that it prevents tampering with the depressurisation function of the closure. As the venting member drives the barrier through the venting hole, the venting hole and the barrier are not necessarily directly accessible to a user. Thus the venting hole cannot easily be accessed for unauthorised resealing of the keg after depressurisation.
Ideally, the closure is switched from the unvented to the vented configuration via movement of the venting member between a respective first and second position. Advantageously, this provides a visual indication to a user that the keg has been depressurised, and so can be safely disposed. Ideally, the movement of the venting member is a sliding movement relative to the housing of the closure. Preferably, the housing defines a channel along which the venting member is slidable.
Ideally, the closure further comprises at least one latch member. Ideally, the at least one latch member is arranged to be movable between a latched position and an unlatched position. At the latched position, the at least one latch member may block movement of the venting member preventing the venting member from acting on the barrier. Ideally, at the unlatched position, the at least one latch member no longer blocks the movement of the venting member. Accordingly, at the unlatched position, the venting member is free to move to a position at which the venting member can act on the barrier to unseal the venting hole. Ideally, the at least one latch member is biased towards the latched position. Advantageously, the latch member can prevent accidental depressurisation.
Ideally, the at least one latch member is moveable towards the unlatched position in a direction transverse to the direction in which the venting member moves to act on the barrier to unseal the venting hole. This can further guard against accidental depressurisation of a keg to which the closure may be fitted. This is because it is very difficult for a user to accidentally apply forces in the two different directions: one to unlatch the latch member, and the other to move the venting member to unseal the venting hole.
Nonetheless, it is preferred that the at least one latch member and the venting member are positioned and arranged relative to one another to permit one-handed operation of the closure to switch it from the unvented to the vented configuration. Ideally, such one-handed operation does not require a user's hand to shift position when switching the closure from the unvented to the vented configuration. Advantageously, this arrangement increases the ease with which a user can intentionally depressurise the keg to which the closure is fitted.
Ideally, the at least one latch member is integrally-formed with the venting member. This can reduce the cost of the closure.
Ideally, the closure comprises at least one ratchet formation that locks the venting member at a position at which the venting member has acted on the barrier to unseal it from the venting hole. This can prevent reverse movement of the venting member to a position which may otherwise incorrectly indicate to a user that the keg to which the closure may be fitted that said keg is not depressurised. A further advantage of a ratchet formation is that when it ratchets into place, it provides a tactile and audible cue that the closure has been successfully switched to the vented configuration.
Ideally, the at least one ratchet formation is integrally-formed with the venting member. Again, this can reduce the cost of the closure.
The closure may comprise a valve element for opening and closing the inlet. The valve element may be biased towards a closed position. The closure may further comprise an outlet through which a liquid such as a beverage may be extracted from the keg to which the closure is fitted. The valve element may be for opening and closing the outlet of the closure. The inlet and the outlet of the closure may be arranged concentrically to one another. Ideally, the outlet is at a radially-inner position relative to the inlet. This arrangement can make it easier to introduce a pressurising gas into the headspace of the keg via the inlet, and as a result to extract a liquid such as a beverage from the keg via the outlet. This is because a fluid-extraction structure such as a dip-tube can be more easily fit to the concentrically-inner outlet.
The closure may further comprise a dip-tube. The dip-tube may be positioned so that when the closure is fitted to a keg, an open end of the dip-tube is positioned adjacent to a lowermost position within the keg. This is to ensure that substantially all the liquid within the keg can be extracted via the dip-tube. Accordingly, the closure may define a fluid flow path that extends between the outlet and a lowermost position of the keg, ideally an internal base region of the keg. In this scenario, it is assumed that the keg is stood upright on its base.
Ideally, the closure, when in the unvented configuration, is arranged to receive a pressurised gas via the inlet to dispense beverage from a keg to which the closure is fitted via the outlet.
Ideally, the closure, and/or one or more valve elements are shaped and arranged to receive a standard filling or dispensing head so as to allow filling or dispensing of beverage from a keg to which the closure is fitted using standard equipment.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a pressure vessel, such as a beverage keg, supplied or fitted with a closure according to the first aspect of the present invention. Ideally, the vessel is constructed from a flexible material. The material may be a plastics material. The vessel may be blow-moulded from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Where the pressure vessel is a keg, the keg is ideally suitable for storing, transporting and dispensing beverages.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of controlling the pressurisation a vessel such as a beverage keg. A method may comprise fitting a closure to the vessel. The closure may define a venting hole communicating with a gas vent path between a headspace of the vessel and an exterior of the closure. The closure may be provided with a barrier to seal the venting hole so as to retain a pressurised gas within the vessel. The method may further comprise unsealing the barrier from the venting hole to permanently depressurise the vessel. The vessel may accord to the second aspect of the present invention. The closure may accord to the first aspect of the present invention.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of improving the safety of a vessel such as a draught beverage keg. The method may comprise at least one of the steps of:
The vessel may accord to the second aspect of the present invention. The closure may accord to the first aspect of the present invention.
It will be understood that features or advantages of the different aspects of the present invention may be combined or substituted where context allows.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:
a shows a front perspective view of a push button of the closure of
b shows a reverse perspective view of the push button of
a shows a reverse perspective view of the closure of
The embodiments of the present invention relate to a keg closure corresponding functionally and in key dimensions with existing keg closures known in the art as ‘Flat Type’, ‘Type A’ or ‘Flat Type A’ keg closures. As such, standard dispensing or filling heads suitable for use with such ‘Flat Type A’ keg closures can also be used in conjunction with the closure of the first and second embodiments of the present invention.
b relate to the first embodiment of the present invention and
The components of each closure 10 are made predominantly of injection-moulded plastics materials such as polyester, polyolefin, polyamide or the like. The keg is formed from PET, stretch blow-moulded from a preform. It is emphasised that the materials used for the keg 20 and the closure 10 and their methods of manufacture are merely preferred and are not essential to the broad inventive concept.
A closure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to
The annular seal 4, the valve mechanism 5 and the coil spring 6 share many features in common with the aforementioned previously-known keg closures. In particular, they allow movement of a valve element to open and close concentric flow paths to allow the keg 20 to be filled with beverage, and also allow dispensing of beverage from the keg 20.
For example, during dispensing, a dispense head is fitted to the closure 10 and operated to open the valve element of the valve mechanism 5. Accordingly, the concentrically-outermost flow path allows pressure to be introduced into a headspace 21 internal to the keg 20 thereby allowing a beverage such as beer to be dispensed under super-atmospheric pressure from the concentrically-innermost flow path which is in communication with a dip-tube 29.
It should be noted that
For the avoidance of doubt, the keg 20, the dip-tube 29 and certain features of the closure are similar to those described in International Publication Number WO2007/064277 the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
After dispensing of beverage, when a dispense head is removed from the closure 10, the valve mechanism 5 automatically closes the valve element. Accordingly, this super-atmospheric pressure remains inside the keg 20. Some of the remaining components of the closure 10, in particular the bung 1 and the push button 3, cooperate to define a safety mechanism that allows this pressure to be vented to allow safe disposal of the keg 20 after use as will be described in greater detail below.
The closure 10 and keg 20 have complementary engagement structures which allow the closure 10 to be push-fit onto the keg 20. In the present embodiment, the complementary engagement structures include a circumferential flange 28 on the neck 8 of the keg 20, and a complementary snap-ring 18 on the closure. During push-fitting of the closure 10 to the keg 20, the snap-ring 18 is arranged to snap-fit into place underneath the circumferential flange 28. Advantageously, in contrast with other screw-thread arrangements, such a snap-fit connection between the closure 10 and the keg 20 can more easily be automated and also provides a more reliable and tamper-proof engagement between the closure 10 and keg 20.
As can be seen clearly in
The opening of the venting hole 11 ensures a gas can flow along a gas vent path between the headspace 21 of the keg 20 and the environment external to the keg 20 and closure 10. Accordingly, if there is super-atmospheric gas remaining in the keg 20, this will be vented through the venting hole 11. Specifically, gas is able to pass from the headspace 21, via holes in the basket 7 into an annular chamber defined between the housing 2 and the valve mechanism 5 and through the venting hole 11 communicating with that chamber—the gas flowing around the outside of the rod portion 16.
Moreover, although the rod portion 16 is inserted into the venting hole 11, the rod portion 16 defines a conduit through which the gas being vented can flow. This can be more clearly seen in
It will be noted that the end-surface 16a which contacts with the bung 1 is far smaller than the region of the push button 3 that a user pushes. Accordingly, the manually-applied force of the user can be easily transferred to the bung 1 to dislodge it.
As the bung 1 falls away from the venting hole 11, the effect of pressing the push button 3 to depressurise the keg 20 is permanent—i.e. whilst the closure is fitted to the keg, it is not possible to repressurise the keg 20 once the push button 3 has been pressed. Thus, the closure 10 is configured to switch irreversibly from an unvented configuration to a vented configuration.
In view of this, it is desirable to prevent accidental or premature pressing of the button 3. To this end, the push button 3 comprises latch members in the form of a pair of jaws 32 integrally-formed with the push button 3.
Referring to
Referring back to
When moving the push button 3 inwardly to displace the bung 1 to switch the closure 10 from the unvented to the vented configuration, the ratchet formations 33a of the prongs 33 slide past the first pair of openings 14 and latch into the second pair of openings 15. The push button 3 thereby latches into a position where it is permanently recessed with the channel 13, providing a visual indication to a user that the closure 10 has been vented, and the keg 20 can safely be disposed. Furthermore, the user is provided with a tactile and audible cue that the closure 10 has been latched into the vented position when the prongs 33 spring out and their ratchet formations 33a click into place within the openings 14.
a show a closure according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the main difference over the first embodiment being the shape of the push button 3. Here, the push button 3 has a chamfered profile, with a ramped upper surface. Unlike the first embodiment, the upper surface does not consist of a jaw; only the lower surface of the push button 3 supports a jaw 32a. This configuration reduces the profile of the closure 10 and simplifies its operation. Furthermore, the closure of the second embodiment allows one of the user's fingers to operate the jaw 32a on the lower surface of the push button 3 whilst an opposing finger on the ramped upper surface of the push button 3 simultaneously provides a reaction force to enable the jaw 32a to be squeezed upwardly while pushing the push button 3 in a radially-inward direction to vent the keg 20.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1221141.3 | Nov 2012 | GB | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2013/053093 | 11/22/2013 | WO | 00 |
