Kinetically Activated Subsurface Micribial Sampler (KASMS)

Information

  • NSF Award
  • 2306193
Owner
  • Award Id
    2306193
  • Award Effective Date
    10/1/2022 - a year ago
  • Award Expiration Date
    8/31/2023 - 9 months ago
  • Award Amount
    $ 112,404.00
  • Award Instrument
    Standard Grant

Kinetically Activated Subsurface Micribial Sampler (KASMS)

Earthquakes and their after shocks generate energy in the form of seismic waves, heat, strain, fractured rock and chemical reactions producing hydrogen gas. Can the repeated energy pulses from seismic activity stimulate subsurface life that generates methane and acetic acid? Does this microbial activity impact the frequency and distribution of after shocks? In 2017 the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) supported DSeis (Drilling into Seismogenic Zones) project will examine a previously unknown fault zone responsible for the 2014 5.5-magnitude Orkney earthquake, South Africa's largest earthquake in over 50 years. At a depth of 3 km in the bottom of Moab Khotsong gold mine, geophysicists and geomicrobiologists will join forces to drill down an additional 600 meters into this still-active fault zone, analyze core samples, install seismic instruments and deploy a Kinetically Activated Subsurface Microbial Sampler (KASMS). KASMS is a novel, portable, autonomous fluid sampling and preservation device that will be triggered by seismic events along the fault zone. The data from this study will significantly advance our understanding of the type of earthquakes that are associated with ultra-deep mining, hydrofracking and fracking brine injections and thus better inform safety and environmental regulations. The high-resolution temporal data will provide the first picture of how subsurface microbial communities respond to environmental stimuli, such as hydrogen gas pulses. If a substantial biomass enhancement is found within the fault zone, then similar ancient fault zones exposed on the surface of Mars may be selected for the Mars 2020 rover mission, the first step in the Mars Sample Return mission series. With the involvement of geophysics, geology, rock mechanics, and geomicrobiology students from Japan, South Africa, Switzerland, Israel, Germany, India, Australia and the United States, DSeis and this project will stimulate cross-disciplinary international STEM education. Through videos of the coring and sampling activity and of the installation and operation of KASMS, and downhole videos of the borehole, DSeis and this project will relate to the public how science is conducted in one of the most extreme environments on the planet and what subsurface life says about the origin and evolution of life on Earth and possibly other planets. <br/><br/>This two-year project will design, construct and deploy KASMS, the first fully automated sampling device for geochemical and microbiological studies. KASMS is comprised of a borehole-deployed U-tube fluid sampling system and a discrete sensor array for monitoring the wellbore environment. KASMS will also contain two osmo-samplers combined with mineral coupons to collect biofilms within the fault zone. Unique to the KASMS system is the capability to autonomously respond to seismic events and capture a time progression of fluid samples. These samples will be analyzed for aqueous geochemistry, dissolved gas concentrations and isotopic values, and they will be subsampled using two types of filters with preservatives, one for SEM/TEM microscopy and the other for metagenomic/metatranscriptomic/metaproteomic analyses. During the year that KASMS is deployed at Moab Khotsong gold mine, experiments will be performed with positive and negative controls: samples collected before and after small magnitude seismic events within the fault zone, before, during and after mine detonations, during mining holidays when the mine is inactive and before, during and after the injection of hydrogen and methane gas. After one year KASMS will be retrieved and returned to Princeton University, where it will be available for deployment to other subsurface microbiology sites.

  • Program Officer
    Jonathan G Wynnjwynn@nsf.gov7032924725
  • Min Amd Letter Date
    11/17/2022 - a year ago
  • Max Amd Letter Date
    11/17/2022 - a year ago
  • ARRA Amount

Institutions

  • Name
    Montana State University
  • City
    BOZEMAN
  • State
    MT
  • Country
    United States
  • Address
    216 MONTANA HALL
  • Postal Code
    59717
  • Phone Number
    4069942381

Investigators

  • First Name
    Eric
  • Last Name
    Boyd
  • Email Address
    eboyd@montana.edu
  • Start Date
    11/17/2022 12:00:00 AM

Program Element

  • Text
    EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES
  • Code
    1575
  • Text
    Instrumentation & Facilities
  • Code
    1580
  • Text
    Geobiology & Low-Temp Geochem
  • Code
    7295