Patent Application
20080311605
The present invention provides a Biotest for the evaluation of minerals potential for being leached by bacteria in hydro metallurgic processes of bioleaching and bio-oxidation of minerals (copper sulfides, copper oxides, gold minerals and other metals).
Currently, during copper minerals exploitation and processing, the geo-mining-metallurgic planning has become the tool that allows the interrelation among geological, mining and metallurgic knowledge, which permits the optimization of the process as a whole and not, as previously done, when each of these disciplines acted as an isolated link of information from one area to another and there was not a possibility of interaction, synergy or feedback among them.
This new vision has allowed the optimization of the mining planning in order to obtain the best results in the plant, for example: preparing mineral mixes, performing stock management. In turn, the metallurgic operation of plants which have this integral view, has been optimized through the particle size control of the mineral mix, processing times and all of that is done with a needed vision of the mining operation that must put into practice in the field, ore deposit, the planning developed by the geologists and metallurgists.
This is a reality in the treatment of oxidized minerals and for that purpose there are different tools to rely on, among which the predictive metallurgic tests stand out, these tests quantify the copper extraction potential by means of chemical leaching of minerals.
These tests, that are applied to daily taken samples from the ore deposit (approximately 50 samples per day), last 1 to 3 days (depending on the protocol used in each mine company), have high repeatability and are able to accomplish the objective of determining the variability of the metallurgic result for each mineral zone, whether this is polygonal (banco) or expansion, in the ore deposit depth and also in its length.
This optimum way of performing the geo-mining-metallurgic planning for the oxides hydrometallurgy, has not been yet developed to an equivalent level for the hydro metallurgic process of sulfide minerals. This is due to the lack of predictive metallurgic tests which could quantify the bioleaching extraction potential of a mineral, test that also should have the characteristics of being fast, highly repeatable and be able to represent the variability of the mineral resource.
Bioleaching can be described as the leaching of a determined raw material (mineral) by the direct or indirect action of microorganisms. In principle, the direct method can be understood as the one mediated by the action of bacteria and where the chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, this option also assumes the physical contact between the microorganisms and the mineral. On the other side, the indirect mechanism is understood as the one where the chemical reactions, enzymatic and not enzymatic, occur without physical contact between the microorganisms and the mineral, even though the microorganisms play a central role in the formation of reactants that can take part in the process.
The present invention provides a Biotest as a kit, to be applied to minerals, which is a 100% biological, it is direct and reflects the direct and indirect mechanisms of bacterial leaching. It is a fast, highly repeatable, low cost and semi-quantitative biological test. Its objective is to help to determine the metallurgic response of the minerals for the geo-mining-metallurgic short term planning; therefore, the grade of the mineral can be determined and therefore which process of extraction is the most adequate (chemical leaching, bioleaching, pyro-metallurgy, etc.)
In
The biological test for evaluating the bioleaching potential of minerals permits to know the metallurgic response of the sulfide minerals for short term geo-mining-metallurgic planning, and also it can be used in field exploration and initial characterization of ore deposits. It is a fast assay, whose estimated answer time is from 3 to 4 days. It is low cost; it does not need additional physical-chemical or biological controls to those already performed as routine in the mining job. It has low requirement of human resources. It is a 100% biological assay, it is direct and it reflects the direct and indirect leaching mechanisms. The Biotest allows determining the variability of the metallurgic response of minerals according to their different mineralogy, grades, gangue and impurities that are present.
The present invention provides a Biotest as a kit, which consists of a propylene tube-type container (1), preferably of 10 cm height and 3 cm diameter, which has a line that specifies the liquid filling level and it has a plastic twist off cup (4) on the upper extreme.
Eventually, it can be operated with a propylene sphere (2) that floats on the liquid at the filling level inside the tube (1), whose objective is to reduce gas exchange between the exterior and interior, generating anaerobic conditions (lack of oxygen) inside the tube (4), this is accomplished due to the diameter of such sphere (2) that is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tube (1) allowing it to fit tight in it.
In case that aerobic conditions are required (presence of oxygen), the only necessary condition to achieve it, is just to remove the sphere (2) from the tube (1) and operate in the same manner, but without using it.
At the lower extreme of the tube (1) or base, it is placed a determined mass of biomass (3) from the lyophilized bacterial composition (powder), this biomass consists of typical bacterial consortium found in minerals, they are responsible of the bioleaching process, and when in contact with the mineral sample and the leaching solution (or acid water at pH 1.4-2.0) will catalyze the metal extraction if there are minerals with the capability of being bioleached.
The amount of mineral to be used must not be over 15 g nor lower than 5 g. The solution volume must not be over 30 ml nor lower than 19 ml.
Eventually, the test could include a compound (e.g. enzymes or nutrients) that accelerates or improves the microorganisms' metabolism.
a) The use of this product must be performed in a laboratory (work place), it can eventually be used in the field if minimal working conditions (sterile conditions, surgical gloves, good sample handling) are met.
b) The results will be of semi-quantitative nature, it will deliver the metallurgic extraction value from 0 to 100% in ranges, which will depend on the type of mineral being tested.
c) The result is obtained by comparing the color of the solution that has already reacted in the tube (1) with the colors printed on the strip (5) attached to the lower half of the outer surface of the tube (1). The strip indicates the range of metallurgic dissolution of the sample by means of different color tones. For example, the strip colors for copper vary from light to dark blue, where the lighter color means lower copper concentration in solution, while the darker color means higher metal dissolution and therefore higher copper concentration in solution. By relating this result of concentration in solution of the metal of interest, with the initial metal content in the mineral tested, mineral grade, (data obtained during routine control in mine work) and also with the volume of the leaching solution added in the Biotest, the potential dissolution of copper is obtained.
It is provided a Biotest without sphere to carry out an aerobic process. The Biotest is opened and a mineral sample, that has a minimal mass of 5 g and a maximum mass of 15 g-10# (particle size less than 10 mesh sieve) is placed in the tube, then a volume of 10 ml to 30 ml of leaching solution is added in the Biotest tube, which must be kept in vertical position, and subsequently the cap is placed on the tube to close the Biotest. Afterwards, the Biotest must be kept in vertical position, making sure that there is not exogenous contamination, and incubate it in that position at room temperature dulling at least 3 days. The tube, always in vertical position, must be agitated at least twice a day.
In case that the process requires anaerobic conditions, the same steps of mineral mass and leaching solution volume must be followed, but a propylene sphere must be placed in the tube before closing it, to ensure lack of oxygen.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| CL-1246-2007 | May 2007 | CL | national |
