Patent Application
20130243961
Images are often formed on a cloth garment (e.g., a shirt) via a heat transfer method or a direct-to-garment printing method. Depending on the cloth garment imaged, it is often desired to pre-treat the garment before forming the image. The pretreatment can help keep the ink on the surface of the garment and/or form a strong bond between the image and the garment.
For example, a treatment composition can be sprayed directly onto the garment. However, this spray method can apply the treatment composition unevenly across the surface area (and/or the thickness) of the garment. For instance, the treatment composition may be applied heavily in certain areas and lightly in other areas. Thus, due to the uneven application of the treatment composition to the garment, the depth that the ink penetrates the fibrous substrate across the cloth may be uneven, resulting in an image that will appear uneven. This unevenness is especially apparent when forming an image on a dark cloth using lighter colors (e.g., white).
Alternatively, the garment can be dipped and/or submerged into the treatment composition. However, this application results in the treatment composition being applied across the entire surface area of the garment. Thus, even the areas of the garment that are not going to be imaged (i.e., that will be free from an image) have the treatment composition present, resulting in wasted treatment composition.
Therefore, a need exists for an improved method of pretreating a cloth garment prior to forming an image thereon.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof to one skilled in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, which includes reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features or elements of the present invention.
Objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
Methods and kits are generally provided for treating a fibrous substrate prior to forming an image thereon. In one embodiment, the method includes positioning a treatment sheet adjacent to the fibrous substrate, transferring a salt (e.g., calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or a mixture thereof) from the treatment sheet to the fibrous substrate using a wetting solution (e.g., an aqueous solution, such as water) to carry the salt from the treatment sheet into the fibrous substrate, and drying the fibrous substrate such that the salt remains in the substrate. For example, the transfer of the salt from the treatment sheet into the fibrous substrate can be accomplished via pressing the backside of the treatment sheet such that the wetting solution flows from the treatment sheet into the fibrous substrate while carrying the salt.
In one embodiment, the treatment sheet can be substantially dry when positioned adjacent to the fibrous substrate. In such an embodiment, transferring the salt from the treatment sheet to the fibrous substrate can be accomplished by adding the wetting solution to a backside of the treatment sheet after positioning the treatment sheet adjacent to the fibrous substrate. For instance, the wetting solution can be sprayed onto the backside of the treatment sheet. Alternatively, a wet sheet (saturated with the wetting solution) can be positioned adjacent to the backside of the treatment sheet, and pressed to pass the wetting solution from the wet sheet through the treatment sheet and into the fibrous substrate.
In another embodiment, the treatment sheet can be saturated with the wetting solution when positioned adjacent to the fibrous substrate. In such an embodiment, the salt can be transferred from the treatment sheet to the fibrous substrate via pressing the backside of the treatment sheet such that the wetting solution flows from the treatment sheet into the fibrous substrate while carrying the salt.
The treatment sheet can include the base sheet (e.g., that comprises pulp fibers). For example, the base sheet can be a paper web, a hydroentangled web, or a coform web. In certain embodiments, the base sheet can be laminated to a film or other support sheet.
Kits are also generally provided for treating to a fibrous substrate prior to forming an image thereon. In one embodiment, the kit can include a water-proof container configured to keep moisture out of the interior space when sealed, a plurality of treatment sheets positioned within the interior space of the water-proof container, and a treatment composition comprising a salt (e.g., calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or a mixture thereof). For example, the treatment composition can be saturated within each treatment sheet, that is either substantially dry or saturated with a wetting solution. Alternatively, the treatment composition can be positioned within a pouch configured to be substantially water-tight. Instructions can also be present in the kit, and can direct a user on the steps to be performed to pretreat a fibrous substrate using the kit.
Other features and aspects of the present invention are discussed in greater detail below.
As used herein, the term “printable” is meant to include enabling the placement of an image on a material, especially through the use of ink-jet inks.
As used herein, the term “polymeric film” is meant to include any sheet-like polymeric material that is extruded or otherwise formed (e.g., cast) into a sheet. Typically, polymeric films do not contain discernable fibers.
As used herein, the term “polymer” generally includes, but is not limited to, homopolymers; copolymers, such as, for example, block, graft, random and alternating copolymers; and terpolymers; and blends and modifications thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term “polymer” shall include all possible geometrical configurations of the material. These configurations include, but are not limited to isotactic, syndiotactic, and random symmetries.
Chemical elements are discussed in the present disclosure using their common chemical abbreviation, such as commonly found on a periodic table of elements. For example, hydrogen is represented by its common chemical abbreviation H; helium is represented by its common chemical abbreviation He; and so forth.
In the present disclosure, when a layer is being described as “on” or “over” another layer or substrate, it is to be understood that the layers can either be directly contacting each other or have another layer or feature between the layers, unless otherwise stated. Thus, these terms are simply describing the relative position of the layers to each other and do not necessarily mean “on top of” since the relative position above or below depends upon the orientation of the device to the viewer.
Reference now will be made to the embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are set forth below. Each example is provided by way of an explanation of the invention, not as a limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention, which broader aspects are embodied exemplary constructions.
Methods are generally provided for treating a substrate prior to forming an image thereon. Specifically, a treatment composition (e.g., a salt) can be transferred from a treatment sheet into a fibrous substrate. According to particular embodiments of the presently disclosed methods, the treatment composition can be transferred so as to be present in and/or on the fibrous substrate in a substantially evenly distributed manner in the treated areas. In one embodiment, the treatment composition can be applied into and/or onto the substrate without the use of a spraying unit.
Kits are also generally provided, along with their methods of formation. The kits can supply the materials to a user that can then treat a fibrous substrate prior to forming an image thereon.
In certain embodiments, the application of the treatment composition can be controlled such that the treatment composition is applied to the areas where an image is to be formed (i.e., imaged areas) to form treated areas. For example, the treatment composition can be applied only to the areas where an image is to be formed (i.e., imaged areas), while leaving the other areas, corresponding to the areas of the substrate that remain unimaged, substantially free from the treatment composition. Thus, there can be treated areas on the garment (where the treatment composition has been transferred), and untreated areas on the garment that are substantially free from the treatment composition. According to one embodiment of the method, the treatment composition can be applied substantially evenly across the treated areas.
As stated, the presently disclosed methods generally involve transferring a treatment composition (e.g., a salt) from a treatment sheet to the substrate. This transfer can be achieved according to several methods. The treatment composition transferred to the substrate to form the treated areas can, in one particular embodiment, include a salt. For example, the salt can be calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or a mixture thereof.
The amount of salt that can be applied may be varied as desired based on the particular fibrous substrate treated, but will generally be in an amount sufficient to keep a majority of the colorant of the image near the surface of the substrate. For example, at least 50% of the colorant (e.g., dye, pigment, etc.) of the image can penetrate less than about 25% of the thickness of the fibrous substrate. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the salt component of the treatment composition (which is present within the thickness of the fibrous substrate) can draw the ink solvent quickly into the interior of the fibrous substrate causing the colorant material of the ink to remain on or near the surface of the substrate. Thus, the colorant material of the ink can be quickly dried to remain on or near the surface of the substrate. This advantage is particularly suitable for direct-to-garment printing on the treated areas.
While the treatment composition may include only a salt or a mixture of salts (e.g., being substantially free from any other material), other materials may also be included in the treatment composition. For example, an acrylic binder may also be included in the treatment composition to help bond the colorant of the image to the fibrous substrate. For example, a non-ionic and/or cationic acrylic binder can be included in the treatment composition. Suitable polyacrylic binders can include polymethacrylates, poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), and copolymers of the various acrylate and methacrylate esters and the free acids; ethylene-acrylate copolymers; vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymers, and the like. Suitable acrylic polymers that can be utilized as a binder in the treatment composition include those acrylic latexes sold under the trade names Rhoplex by Rohm and Haas (Wilmington, Del.) and/or HYCAR® by Lubrizol, Inc. (Cleveland, Ohio). Other cationic additives may be employed, such as APC-M1 from Ghen Materials, a tertiary amine salt of MDAA (methyl diallylamine) and Glascol F207 from CIBA Specialty Chemicals, and APC-A1, which are examples of a quarternary ammonium salt of DADMAC (dimethyl diallylammonium chloride).
As will be discussed below, the treatment composition can be applied utilizing a treatment sheet. In one embodiment, the treatment sheet can include a base sheet saturated with a salt. The base sheet can include pulp fibers, such as those suitable for paper making, to form a fibrous web. The fibrous web including pulp fibers can be in the form of a paper web, a spunbond web of synthetic fibers (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, or copolymers thereof, or a mixture thereof) that has been hydroentangled with pulp fibers.
The base sheet can be saturated with a solution containing the treatment composition (e.g., a salt), such that the treatment composition is intermixed with the fibers of the web, and contained within the construction of the web. In one embodiment, the treatment sheet can be dried, to remove the solvent of the solution while leaving the salt therein.
No matter the method utilized, the substrate can be imaged onto the treated areas. For example, referring to
The image 80 can be formed on the substrate 10 by any suitable method. For example, the image 80 can be formed via direct-to-garment printing. Alternatively, the image 80 can be formed via a heat transfer method, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,604,856 of Kronzer, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,364,636 of Kronzer, U.S. Pat. No. 7,361,247 of Kronzer, U.S. Pat. No. 6,916,751 of Kronzer, U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,668 of Kronzer, U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,900 of Kronzer, et al., all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
In particular embodiments, the substrate 10 is a fibrous substrate, such as a woven fabric. For example, the substrate 10 can be a woven fabric of any suitable material for use in clothing garments (e.g., cotton, wool, nylon, polyester, or mixtures thereof). The presently disclosed methods are particularly suitable for forming an image on a dark colored fabric.
With reference to each of the following embodiments, the wetting solution can be an aqueous solution that includes water. For example, the wetting solution can be substantially water (i.e., deionized water, tap water, etc.) without a significant amount of any other solvent present. In other embodiments, the wetting solution can include, either substantially alone or in addition to water, an alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, etc.), a glycol, an acetate (e.g., ethyl acetate, acetone, etc.), etc., or mixtures thereof.
I. Pretreating Using a Dry Treatment Sheet
In one particular embodiment, a treatment sheet that is substantially dry (i.e., free from any liquid, such as a wetting solution) can be utilized to transfer a treatment composition to the substrate. For instance, the fibrous substrate can be treated prior to forming an image thereon, according to the following method: positioning a dry treatment sheet (e.g,. a paper web saturated with a salt) adjacent to the fibrous substrate; thereafter, wetting a backside of the dried treatment sheet with a wetting solution (e.g., via spraying, a sponge, or application of a wet sheet adjacent thereto); pressing the backside of the treatment sheet such that the wetting solution carries the salt from the treatment sheet to the fibrous substrate; and drying the fibrous substrate such that the salt remains in the substrate.
For example,
A wetting solution 14 can then be applied onto the surface 13 of the dried treatment sheet 12 that is positioned opposite from the substrate 10. For example, as shown in the embodiment of
Once the treatment sheet 12 is saturated with the wetting solution 14, pressure (P) can be applied onto the exposed surface 13 of the treatment sheet 12, as shown in
After transferring the treatment composition from the treatment sheet 12 to the substrate 10, the treatment sheet 12 can be removed from the surface of the substrate 10. The substrate 10 can be then be dried to remove the wetting solution 14 while leaving the treatment composition (e.g., the salt) in and/or on the substrate 10 in the treated areas 11. The image 80 can then be formed on the treated areas 11 of the substrate 10, to form the imaged substrate 10 shown in
FIGS. 1 and 4-5 sequentially show another exemplary method of transferring a treatment composition from a dried treatment sheet 12 to the substrate 10. As shown in
As shown in
After transferring the treatment composition from the treatment sheet 12 to the substrate 10, the wet sheet 42 and the treatment sheet 12 can be removed from the surface of the substrate 10. The substrate 10 can be then be dried to remove the wetting solution 14 while leaving the treatment composition (e.g., the salt) in and/or on the substrate 10 in the treated areas 11. The image 80 can then be formed on the treated areas 11 of the substrate 10, to form the imaged substrate 10 shown in
When utilizing a dried treatment sheet 12, as shown in
In another embodiment, a treatment sheet that is substantially saturated with the wetting solution (such as discussed above) is positioned adjacent to the substrate in order to transfer a treatment composition to the substrate. For instance, For instance, the fibrous substrate can be treated prior to forming an image thereon, according to the following method: positioning a wet treatment sheet adjacent to the fibrous substrate, wherein the wet treatment sheet comprises a paper web saturated with a treatment composition (e.g., a salt solution); pressing a backside of the treatment sheet such that the wetting solution carries the salt from the treatment sheet to the fibrous substrate; and drying the fibrous substrate such that the salt remains in the substrate.
A. Wet Laminates
In one embodiment, a wet laminate can be used to transfer the treatment composition to the fibrous substrate. The laminate can generally include a wet base sheet that is saturated with the treatment composition and wetting solution and a film layer (e.g., a polymeric film, such as a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, etc.) configured to provide structural integrity to the wet paper web.
For example,
In other embodiment, the wet treatment sheet 12 can be positioned and pressed (e.g., as shown in
B. Treatment Kits and Methods of Their Manufacture and Use
A kit containing the treatment sheets and the treatment composition can also be used to supply the required materials to the user in order to pre-treat the fibrous web prior to forming an image thereon. The kit can be designed in any suitable manner, depending on the desired readiness of the kit and/or level of involvement of the end user. As described in greater detail below with respect to specific exemplary embodiments, the treatment sheets can be provided in the kit in varying conditions of readiness for use (e.g., dry or wet). Likewise, the treatment composition can be supplied in a in the kit in varying conditions of readiness for use (e.g., adjacent to the treatment sheets, saturated within the treatment sheets, in a separate treatment container for application to the treatments sheets, etc.).
No matter the configuration or conditions of the kit, each kit will generally include a plurality of treatment sheets positioned within an interior space of a container (e.g., an air-tight container) and a treatment composition (e.g., a salt such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or a mixture thereof, as described above. Instructions can also be provided with the kit, explaining to the user how to treat a fibrous substrate.
Referring to
In the particular embodiment shown, the lid 92 can be fitted onto the container 90 to form an air-tight container that substantially keeps moisture out of the interior space 91 upon closing. Such an air-tight container 90 can help to keep the moisture content of the treatment sheets, whether supplied dry or wet, substantially constant until ready for use upon opening of the container. Thus, the container 90 and lid 92 can be formed from a substantially water-proof and air-tight material.
In the embodiment shown in
Alternatively, the plurality 94 of treatment sheets 12 can be supplied as dry sheets, in that the treatment sheets 12 can be substantially free from the wetting solution (e.g., water). In this embodiment, the treatment composition can be provided within each treatment sheet 12 (e.g., presaturated and then dried, as discussed above with respect to
When the treatment composition is provided within each treatment sheet 12 (e.g., presaturated and then dried, as discussed above with respect to
Alternatively, a wetting solution 14 can be added to the plurality 94 of dry treatment sheets 12 to wet the sheets prior to positioning on the fibrous substrate 10. Referring to
In the exemplary embodiment shown in
In this embodiment, the treatment composition is generally provided within or on each treatment sheet 12. For instance, each of the treatment sheets 12 of the plurality 94 can be presaturated and then dried with the treatment composition, as discussed above with respect to
In the exemplary embodiment of
The instruction sheet 96 in this embodiment can include a description for the user to (1) add the treatment composition in the pouch 110 to a specified amount of a wetting solution 14, (2) allow the treatment composition to solubilize within the wetting solution 14, and (3) add the wetting solution 14 carrying the treatment composition to the plurality 94 of treatment sheets 12, and (4) allow the plurality 94 of treatment sheets 12 to soak up the wetting solution 14 and become saturated. The amount of wetting solution 14 and/or the time allotted for a soaking period can vary, as discussed above, but will generally be enough volume and long enough to allow each of the treatment sheets 12 in the plurality 94 to be saturated with the wetting solution.
Now that the treatment sheets 12 are wet and saturated with the treatment composition, no matter the method of formation (e.g., as described above with respect to
Of course, in certain situations, the user may not need to utilize the entire plurality 94 of treatment sheets 12 at once. Thus, if fewer sheets 12 than the entire plurality 94 are to be used, these sheets 12 can be treated by either removing from the container 90 or removing the sheets 12, and then following the provided instructions proportionally (when applicable).
The present invention may be better understood with reference to the following examples.
Exemplary pretreatments were performed on a 100% cotton t-shirt (black) using the following method:
A laminate having a basis weight of 61.8 pounds per ream was used to transfer the treatment composition to a cotton t-shirt. The laminate included a paper web (as the base sheet) having a basis weight of 51.5 pounds per ream and a film having a basis weight of 10.3. The paper web was saturated with a solution of CaCl2 in water. The saturated sheet had a weight of 236.5 pounds per ream, so it absorbed nearly quadrupled its weight with the treatment solution. The saturated sheet was positioned on the cotton t-shirt, and pressed in a clam shell heat press (no heat). After pressing, the saturated sheet had a weight of 226.3 pounds per ream, indicating that 10.2 pounds per ream of the treatment solution was transferred into the fabric. This transferred amount corresponds to 4.0 pounds per ream of the dry salt being transferred to the cotton t-shirt.
The wet cotton t-shirt was then dried by pressing in a heat press at 375° F. for about 25 seconds. After cooling, direct-to-garment white inks, available from Brother International Corporation (Bridgewater, N.J.), AnaJet LLC (Costa Mesa, Calif.), and DuPont (Wilmington, Del.), were rolled over the treated area and the non-treated area. The pretreated area exhibited excellent ink hold for each ink.
These and other modifications and variations to the present invention may be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is more particularly set forth in the appended claims. In addition, it should be understood the aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged both in whole or in part. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the foregoing description is by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the invention so further described in the appended claims.
