Patent Application
20230049686
The invention relates to knives for augers and more specifically to a knife with an angled or tilted edge for use with an auger in a bulk mixer.
Feed for livestock typically includes different ingredients which are required to be mixed together and cut before they are provided to the livestock. For example, hay may be mixed with a variety of feed supplements, such as vitamins, and cut to provide a bulk feed material. Various mixers are known which are designed to mix and cut the bulk feed material to a desired extent. Vertical feed mixers are disclosed, for instance, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,122 (Tamminga) and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,462,354 (Neier).
In conventional use, the components of the bulk material are mixed together and cut by rotation of the auger. The material is cut by knives located on the flighting of the auger. During operation of the auger, the feed typically travels upward along the auger and downward along another portion of the auger due to the pitch of the auger flighting as it rotates. Material coming into contact with the knives are on the auger flighting is cut. However, conventional flat knives do not cut the material efficiently resulting in longer cut times to reach a desired level of cutting.
A need therefore exists for a knife which can effectively cut the material and reduce cut time or decrease wear without requiring significant increase in power consumption.
In one embodiment, the invention provides for a knife for attachment to auger flighting, the knife comprising:
an exterior cutting side,
a leading end defined as the front end during rotation of the auger,
a trailing end opposite the leading end;
an inboard side adapted for attachment to the auger flighting;
the exterior cutting side comprising:
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, the angled section is positioned towards or at the trailing end.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, the exterior cutting side comprises a plurality of angled sections, each angled section along a portion of the blade edge and each angled upward from horizontal by X°.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, the angled sections are positioned adjacent one another.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, the angled sections are positioned such that one angled section is at the trailing end.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, each angled section is angled upward from horizontal at a different angle X°.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, each angled section positioned closer to the trailing end has a greater upward angle from horizontal.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, X is from about 1 to about 90.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, X is from about 1 to about 45.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, X is from about 7 to about 40.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, the exterior cutting side comprises three adjacent angled sections, each angled section having a greater upward angle from horizontal relative its proximity to the trailing end.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, the exterior cutting side further comprises a flat section with substantially no angle upward from horizontal positioned at or toward the leading end.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, the three angled sections have an angle of about 7-10°, about 14-20° and about 21-30°, respectively.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, the blade edge is serrated.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, at least a portion of an underside of the knife comprises a tungsten carbine coating.
In another embodiment of the knife or knives as outlined above, the angled section or sections of the knife are integrated together and the angle is variable along its length.
In an even further embodiment, the present invention provides for a base knife for attachment directly or indirectly to a bottom flight of an auger flighting, the knife comprising:
an exterior cutting side,
a leading end defined as the front end during rotation of the auger,
a trailing end opposite the leading end;
in inboard side adapted for attachment to the auger flighting;
a longitudinal bend between the exterior cutting side and the inboard side;
the exterior cutting side comprising:
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, the angled section is positioned towards or at the trailing end.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, the exterior cutting side comprises a plurality of angled sections, each angled inward from a plane defined by the knife area between the longitudinal bend and the cutting side by Y°.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, the angled sections are positioned adjacent one another.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, the angled sections are positioned such that one angled section is at the trailing end.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, each angled section is angled inward from the plane at a different angle Y°.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, each angled section positioned closer to the trailing end has a greater angle from the plane.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, Y is from about 1 to about 90.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, Y is from about 1 to about 45.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, Y is from about 7 to about 40.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, the exterior cutting side comprises three adjacent angled sections, each angled section having a greater angle from the plane relative its proximity to the trailing end.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, the exterior cutting side further comprises a flat section with substantially no angle from the plane at or toward the leading end.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, the three angled sections have an angle of about 7-10°, about 14-20° and about 21-30°, respectively.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, the blade edge is serrated.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, at least a portion of the knife comprises a tungsten carbine coating.
In another embodiment of the base knife or knives as outlined above, the angled section or sections of the knife are integrated together and the angle is variable along its length.
In a further embodiment, the present invention provides for an auger comprising a knife mounted to flighting thereon, the knife as defined in any one of the embodiments outlined herein.
In a further embodiment, the auger is a vertical auger for use in a vertical mixer.
In a further embodiment, the present invention provides for a vertical mixer comprising a knife as defined herein or an auger as defined herein.
In a further embodiment, the mixer is a feed mixer.
Described herein are examples and embodiments of knives for augers, augers comprising knives mounted thereon and vertical mixers comprising augers with the knives mounted thereon. It will be appreciated that embodiments and examples are provided herein for illustrative purposes intended for those skilled in the art and are not meant to be limiting in any way. All references to embodiments or examples throughout this disclosure should be considered as references to illustrative and non-limiting embodiments and illustrative and non-limiting examples. It will be appreciated that none of the features disclosed herein are intended to be essential unless specifically stipulated as such. Reference to any dimensions or measurements is for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be limiting and are not intended to be an exact and limiting measurement. The term “about” is intended to be applied to all such dimensions and measurements and at least accounts for inaccuracies and error associated with taking such measurements, the devices for taking such measurements, the tools used for manufacturing the products and the variation in manufacturing.
The knife 200 includes an angled section 240 along a portion of the blade edge 255 angled upward from horizontal by an angle of X°. The knife 200 shown in
It will be appreciated that reference herein to horizontal is made as the knives of the present invention are typically designed for and may be used for mount on an auger for a vertical mixer and therefore the knives are oriented closer to horizontal than to a vertical orientation. It is not necessary that the knives be oriented perfectly level horizontally when mounted and it will be appreciated that the flighting of an auger for a vertical mixer is not level and horizontal but gradually cork screws upward. Reference to horizontal or an angle upward from horizontal is simply a reference to an angle out of plane and upward from the plane when the knife is oriented in a horizontal plane. Reference to the angle being upward from horizontal is not intended to be limiting and may be used interchangeably with an angle upwards from the longitudinal plane of the knife when the knife is oriented horizontally and upright. Reference to horizontal and an angle upwards from horizontal has been used herein in an effort to simplify explanation of the angles of the angled sections for the ease of the reader.
In one embodiment, each of the angled sections 240, 245 and 250 of the knife 200 may have a different angle upward from horizontal. Optionally, each angled section may be bent more upwards relative the proximity to the trailing end 215 of the knife 200. For example, the angled section 250 which is at the trailing end 215 may be bent more upwards than the adjacent angled section 245 positioned toward the leading edge 210 which may be bent more upward than the adjacent angled section 240 positioned even more toward the leading edge 210. The most forward section 235 may be flat and not angled upward from horizontal.
It will be appreciated that the angled sections 240, 245 and 250 may be integrated together into one larger angled section that includes a gradually increasing angle toward the trailing end 215. Such an integrated angled section is shown with reference to
As with conventional knives, the inboard side 220 can include any suitable mounting holes or brackets 230 for mounting the knife 200 to an auger using any suitable mounting technique.
Optionally, a protecting coating may be applied to various portions of the knife 200. For example, a tungsten carbine coating may be applied to lengthen the operational life of the knife 200 and to reduce maintenance. The coating may be applied to an underside 260 of the knife 200.
As can be appreciated, the knives of the present invention may be curved knives such as those shown with reference to
It is contemplated that an angle upward of up to 90° may be used and effectively cut material while reducing cut time. It is also contemplated that the entire cutting side may comprise of angle sections or a single gradual angled section or a single angled section, that spans the entire length of the cutting side.
During rotation of the auger 500 bulk material moves upward along certain portions of the auger 500 as a result of rotation of the auger 500 and the pitch of the flighting 510. The material also moves downward along other outer portions of the auger 500. The upward angled sections of the knife 300 appear to cut the material more efficiently allowing for a reduction in cut time as compared to a conventional flat knife.
The auger 500 also includes a bottom flight 515 on the flighting 510 to which a base knife 1000 is mounted directly or indirectly thereto. The auger 500 may include a trailing wing 520 or trailing blade fixed or incorporated into to the bottom flight 515 and onto which may be mounted a base knife 1000. In such a situation, the base knife 1000 would be considered to be indirectly mounted to the bottom flight 515 of the auger 500. Base knives are contemplated by the inventors and are described in more detail with reference to
Test Results
The tests carried out show that using a knife according to the present invention reduced mix/cutting time from 18.5 minutes to 11 minutes as compared to a conventional flat knife when mixing an exemplary feed mix under mix conditions which are representative of typical mix conditions.
Objective: To compare the processing and mixing efficiency of the Jaylor Wing-knife, also referred to as an angled knife, with that of the current Flat-knife in a Jaylor 6850 operating on the Armstrong Dairy farm, by monitoring power use, total fuel consumption, mix particle size distribution and milk production and composition during one full week of operation with each type of knife fitted in the mixer.
Procedure: The trial was conducted on the Armstrong Manor dairy farm which was comprised of 335 lactating cows and associated calves, growing heifers and dry cows. All feed for the farm was batched and fed-out using a new Jaylor 6850, twin-auger vertical TMR mixer, without the use of Alexander or vertical knives.
The trial was designed to consist of two, approximately two-week periods, about four weeks in total, with the first week of each period to be used for machinery set-up (i.e. knife changes) and dietary adaptation by the animals, and the second week used for data collection. The realized timeline of the trial is given in Table 1.
The trial initially started with the installation of new Flat knives on Mar. 19, 2021, and progressed with installation of the Wing-knives on April 2. On April 5, the quality of the round bale hay changed to a significantly coarser hay, so it was decided to restart the trial as of that day and add a second Flat-knife period after the Wing-knife period was completed. The data from the first Flat-knife period was subsequently not included in this report.
Each trial period started with the installation of the knives to be tested, with data collection being conducted over one week, starting Friday, April 9 for the Wing-knives, and April 23 for the Flat knives (Table 2). This resulted in a 4-day adaptation period in each case, 3 days less than the targeted 7-day adaptation.
In roughly the middle of each data collection week, the mixer was fitted with a PTO torque meter for one load of lactating ration to measure power consumption. Then, 10 equally spaced, approximately 280-gram (one liter) samples of the entire batch of lactating ration were taken from the feed alley, as soon as possible after the ration was fed, for determination of particle size distribution using a Jaylor Shaker Box.
The mixer operator monitored the amount of fuel used during a defined time period within each data collection period, as well as provided a summary of the milk production and composition records for the 7 days of each data collection period.
During the entire trial, it was attested that all parameters such as numbers of animals being fed, numbers of cows being milked, ration formulations, and miscellaneous use of the tractor running the TMR mixer remained relatively constant. Throughout the experiment the mixer operator was encouraged to minimize the processing and mixing time required to achieve the desired mix.
Results:
The composition of the lactating ration that was batched during each data collection period of the trial is given in Table 3. The mixer was loaded as follows:
The mixing times, power usage and PTO RPM for the respective batches are summarized in Table 4. The time taken to initially process the round hay bale before other ingredients were added was about one minute less for the Wing-knife than for the Flat-knife, while the average power used (kW) was about 35% greater. This resulted in a similar amount of energy (kWh) being consumed for the initial bale processing in both cases.
The initial loading phase (Phase 1: hay, corn silage and wet corn gluten feed) was about one minute shorter for the Wing-knife than for the Flat knife, perhaps reflecting its shorter period of initial bale processing, yet the energy consumption using the Wing-knife was greater by about 10%. Surprisingly, the final loading phase (Phase 2) was longer by a minute and 20 seconds with the Wing-knife, which resulted in a higher energy consumption (6.4%) during this period, as well. The reason for the longer mixing time during Phase 2 has not been explained. As a result, both the total mixing time and total energy consumption were greater for the Wing-knife than for the Flat-knife (2.2% and 7.8%, respectively).
The ration produced by the Wing-knife had a smaller particle size distribution than that produced by the Flat-knives. There was a smaller proportion of particles retained on the top two trays of the Jaylor Shaker Box, and a greater proportion retained on the bottom tray, for the Wing-knife compared with the Flat-knife, which resulted in a 9.4% smaller Geometric Mean Size (4.8 vs. 5.3 mm), respectively. This is consistent with the greater energy consumption observed when using the Wing-knives.
1 Phase 1: Loading and pre-mixing of hay, corn silage and wet corn gluten feed (timed from bale entry to pause to relocate for loading of remaining ingredients).
2 Phase 2: Loading of grain and supplements by auger from feed bins and final mixing (timed from the end of Phase 1 to the end of final mixing).
The farm operator did not provide actual fuel consumption nor milk production data, but summarized the results, as follows. There was a 13-15% reduction in total fuel consumption when using the Wing-knives versus the Flat knives, but no apparent difference in average milk production (44-45 kg per head per day) or milk composition (4.4 to 4.5% milk fat, 3.3% milk protein).
The lower fuel consumption was attributed to generally less time spent running the mixer during loading with the Wing-knives. This is consistent with the less time spent mixing observed during Phase 1 loading of the lactating ration but contrasted with the greater time spent mixing during Phase 2, with the Wing-knives. It is likely, that the longer time spent loading and mixing during Phase 2 was an anomaly of that single test batch, compared to what happened overall with the number of batches made each day, including those for dry cows and growing heifers. It is equally possible that the overall savings in fuel consumption were primarily related to reduction in time required to process long forage and mix the higher forage dry cow and heifer rations.
The lack of a detectable difference in milk production and composition is unsurprising given that the nutritional content of the ration was held constant, and the particle size distribution of both rations were within the range expected to minimize sorting while supporting optimal rumen function.
A Jaylor 6850, twin-auger vertical mixer fitted with Wing-knives processed a round bale at a faster rate than when fitted with Flat-knives and reduced the time for initial loading of the mixer, but with both a higher rate of power use and energy consumption. Yet, over daily usage, the fuel consumption of the mixer tractor was reported by the farm operator to be 13-15% less with the Wing-knives than it was with the Flat-knives, which was attributed to less time spent mixing during loading. The longer mixing time observed during the second phase of loading the lactating ration was unanticipated and is likely not related to the mixing efficiency of the Wing versus the Flat knife but did result in smaller particle size of the ration produced with the Wing-knife. It is therefore conceivable, that should a mixer fitted with Wing-knives be operated slower, or for less time, than one fitted with Flat-knives, it could process a ration faster and with less energy consumption, when yielding a comparable ration particle size distribution.
It is also contemplated that the angles of the angled sections may be downward from horizontal or the knives may be mounted upside down on the bottom side of the flighting.
Also contemplated within the invention are base knives that may be situated directly on the bottom flight 515 or indirectly on the bottom flight, such as for example, on a trailing wing 520 or trailing blade fixed or incorporated into to the bottom flight as shown with reference to
One example of a base knife is shown with reference to
It will be appreciated that, like the other knives described herein, the angled sections may be in different spots along the cutting side 1025 and may be integrated together into a single section. Each section or integrated section may also include a varying degree of bend and the trailing section or sections may have less angle than a section closer to the leading end.
It is believed that by bending a base knife upwards from the bottom of the auger and including a section or sections of the angled cutting edge that bend inward toward the auger post, cutting and/mixing of the bulk material will be more efficient or more effective or a combination of thereof.
One or more illustrative embodiments have been described by way of example. It will be understood to persons skilled in the art that a number of variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined herein and in the claims. Such modifications and variations are within the intended scope of the invention and the contemplation of the inventors.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/220,604 filed Jul. 12, 2021 and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63220604 | Jul 2021 | US |
