Patent Grant
10561691
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from Kimchi, and more specifically, relates to novel Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 and Lactobacillus curvatus C3 having an activity for preventing and/or treating aging (senescence) and dementia.
Background Art
To delay an aging process is one of important health challenges in a modern society rapidly proceeding into an aging society. In Korea, the population aged 65 or more comprised 11.3% in 2010, and is anticipated to rapidly increase to 37.3%. In such the aging society, it is anticipated that a disease morbidity rate is increased and enormous medical expenses are expected, as well as it is anticipated that a rapid growth of senile disease such as dementia becomes to be problematic socially.
A process progressing the aging is affected by a genetic, environment, and complex action of a lifestyle, and is followed by various morphological, biochemical changes, in particular, an increase of oxidation stress and inflammation reaction are believed as a major reason involving in a promotion of aging. The oxidation stress is caused by an increase of a generation of reactive oxygen species having a strong reactivity or a reduction of an anti-oxidative defense mechanism in a body, and as a result, biomacromolecules such as DNA, etc. are destroyed, cellular damages are caused to promote the aging, and a risk of age-associated diseases, such as degenerative neuronal disease including dementia, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. is increased.
Alder et al. (Adler A S, Sinha S, Kawahara T L, Zhang J Y, Segal E, Chang H Y. Motif module map reveals enforcement of aging by continuous NF-kappa B activity. Genes Dev. 2007;21:3244-57) proved a relevance between NF-κB activation motif and a unit regulating the aging process and thus demonstrated that the inflammation reaction mediated by NF-κB and the aging process are very closely associated with each other. In addition, it is known that the aging activates PI3K/AKT, which phosphorylates FOXO3, and ROS generation cannot be inhibited and thus a gene variation, etc. are occurred.
Dementia which is one of aging diseases is occurred by chronic or progressive diseases of brain, and regression, degeneration of brain tissues, and aging-central nervous system infection (neurosyphilis, tuberculous meningitis, viral encephalitis, etc.), cerebral infarction, brain damage, toxic metabolic disorder, nervous system disease (Parkinson's disease) and the like, have been known to be a major reason for causing the dementia. Dementia includes Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and other mixed forms, 50˜60% of old dementia patients aged 65 or more have Alzheimer's dementia and remaining 10˜15% of them have the mixed forms of such two (2) diseases. It is known that a waste in brain, β-amyloid (Aβ) is a major cause of the disease of Alzheimer-type dementia, and many drugs have been attempted for treating Alzheimer-type dementia but there are no drug proving its significant effects. Only acetylcholinesterease inhibitor which acts in acetylcholine, is used as a treating agent, but it is known that it partially exhibits an improvement of a cognitive function but does absolutely no action in proceeding of Alzheimer's disease. And thus, there is a need for a development of the effective agent for preventing or treating dementia.
Meanwhile, lactic acid bacteria have been used for a long time and their intestinal regulations, anticancer effects, immune boost effects and the like have been reported. Therefore, inventors of the present invention had been studied for searching lactic acid bacteria having beneficial effects in aging and dementia, and as a result, confirmed that novel lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi have effects for preventing or treating aging and dementia and then completed the present invention.
An object of the present invention is to provide lactic acid bacteria having effects for preventing or treating an aging and dementia.
In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide an antioxidant and anti-aging composition and a composition for preventing or treating dementia, which include the lactic acid bacteria.
Furthermore, still another object of the present invention is to provide an antioxidant and anti-aging fermentation composition, and a fermentation composition for preventing or treating dementia, which are fermented with the lactic acid bacteria.
To achieve said objects, the present invention provides Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 KCCM11291P isolated from Kimchi.
In addition, the present invention provides an antioxidant and anti-aging pharmaceutical composition including Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating dementia, which includes Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides a health dietary supplement having antioxidant and anti-aging effects, which includes Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides a health dietary supplement for preventing or improving dementia, which includes Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides an antioxidant and anti-aging composition including a fermentation composition, which is fermented with Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29, as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides a composition for preventing or treating dementia, which includes a fermentation composition that is fermented with Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29, as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides Lactobacillus curvatus C3 KCCM43009 isolated from Kimchi.
In addition, the present invention provides an antioxidant and anti-aging pharmaceutical composition including Lactobacillus curvatus C3 as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating dementia, which includes Lactobacillus curvatus C3, as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides a health dietary supplement having antioxidant and anti-aging effects, which includes Lactobacillus curvatus C3, as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides a health dietary supplement for preventing or improving dementia, which includes Lactobacillus curvatus C3, as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides an antioxidant and anti-aging composition including a fermentation composition, which is fermented with Lactobacillus curvatus C3, as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides a composition for preventing or treating dementia, which includes a fermentation composition that is fermented by Lactobacillus curvatus C3, as an active ingredient.
#p<0.05 vs. normal control, *p<0.05 vs. scopolamine single treatment control.
The Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 and Lactobacillus curvatus C3 of the present invention are novel microorganisms isolated from cabbage Kimchi.
The Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 of the present invention is a strain belonging to lactobacillus in a molecular phylogenetic systematic and biochemical characteristic analysis based on 16s rDNA base sequence and was identified as the strain exhibiting a high level of the molecular phylogenetic systematic relationship with both of Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus plantarum, but since its biochemical characteristics were more similar to those of Lactobacillus pentosus, it was called as Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29, and deposited, in compliance with the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure, on the International Depository Authority, Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (“KCCM”) as a Deposit No. KCCM1129P, on Jul. 9, 2012. The deposit was accepted as viable on Apr. 10, 2015. KCCM has an address of 361-221, Yurim B/D, Hongje-1-dong, Seodaemun-gu, SEOUL 120-091, Republic of Korea.
In addition, since the Lactobacillus curvatus C3 of the present invention is a strain belonging to lactobacillus in the molecular phylogenetic systematic analysis based on 16s rDNA base sequence, and was identified as the strain belonging to Lactobacillus curvatus, and thus, it was called as Lactobacillus curvatus C3, and deposited on the International Depository Authority, KCCM as a Deposit No. KCCM43009, on Jul. 9, 2012.
The Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 (hereinafter, also referred to as “C29”) and the Lactobacillus curvatus C3 (hereinafter, also referred to as “C3”) of the present invention were identified as having effects on improving a memory of mice by a passive avoidance response test using an animal model, mouse with Alzheimer's disease when the C29 strain or C3 strain is administered, and the C29 strain was also identified as having the memory improvement effect even in a Y maze task and a water maze task, and thus, these effects on preventing and treating dementia were confirmed (See Example 2).
For the present invention, dementia refers to the state, in which a brain function is damaged by various reasons, and also a cognitive function such as a memory, linguistic skills, and judgments is consistently and generally lowered than ever before thereby exhibiting the negative effects in the daily life, and includes senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's dementia, Huntington's dementia, dementia induced by normal pressure hydrocephalus, dementia induced by a head injury, dementia induced by a material, and the like.
In addition, as the results of measuring lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, and glutathione concentration after administering the C29 strain or C3 strain to the mice aged 16 months for 3 months, the significant superior antioxidant effects were exhibited as compared with the mice aged 16 months administered with physiological saline for 3 months, and the decreases of the expressions of the aging-associated genes were exhibited, and thus, the antioxidant and anti-aging effects were confirmed (see Table 6 and Example 3).
Therefore, the Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 and Lactobacillus curvatus C3 of the present invention were identified as being strains having superior effects for preventing and treating dementia and an aging.
The morphological features, the physiological features, the analysis results of the sucrose fermentation, and the composition of cellular fatty acid of the Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 of the present invention are listed with the features of the known L. plantarium ATCC 14917 and L. pentosus DSM20314, in the following Tables 1, 2 and 3.
L.
plantarum ATCC 14917 and L.pentosus DSM20314
L.
plantarum
L.
pentosus
acommercially available from Zanoni, P., Farrow, J.A.E., Phillips, B.A., Collins, M.D. (1987) Lactobacilluspentosus (fred, peterson, and anderson) sp. Nov., nom, rev. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 339-341.
L.
plantarum
a
L.
pentosus
b
Any one of the above three lactic acid bacteria did not ferment 2-keto-gluconate, 5-keto-gluconate, erythritol, D-arabinose, L-xylose, β-methyl-D-xyloside, L-sorbose, inositol, glycogen, xylitol, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D-fucose, L-fucose, and L-arabitol.
a: commercially available from Van Reenen, C. A., Dicks, L. M. (1996) Evaluation of numerical analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (rapd)-per as a method to differentiate lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus pentosus. Curr Microbiol 32, 183-187.
b: commercially available from Zanoni, P., Farrow, J. A. E., Phillips, B. A., Collins, M. D. (1987) Lactobacillus pentosus (fred, peterson, and anderson) sp. Nov., norn, rev. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 339-341.
L.
plantarum ATCC 14917 and L.pentosus DSM20314
L.
plantarum
a
L.
pentosus
b
a
L.
plantarum: commercially available from Van Reenen, C.A., Dicks, L.M. (1996) Evaluation of numerical analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (rapd)-per as a method to differentiate lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus pentosus. Curr Microbiol 32, 183-187.
L.
pentosus: commercially available from Zanoni, P., Farrow, J.A.E., Phillips, B.A., Collins, M.D. (1987) Lactobacillus pentosus (fred, peterson, and anderson) sp. Nov., nom, rev. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 339-341.
Also, the morphological features, the physiological features, and the results of fermentation of sucrose of the Lactobacillus curvatus C3 of the present invention are listed along with the features of the known L. curvatus ATCC25601 in the following Tables 4 and 5.
L.
curvatus ATCC 25601
L.
curvatus
L.
curvatus
Any one of the above three lactic acid bacteria did not ferment 2-keto-gluconate, 5-keto-gluconate, erythritol, D-arabinose, L-xylose, β-methyl-D-xyloside, L-sorbose, inositol, glycogen, xylitol, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D-fucose, L-fucose, and L-arabitol.
The Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 strain and Lactobacillus curvatus C3 strain of the present invention may be used for preventing and treating aging and dementia, and thus, the present invention provides an antioxidant and anti-aging pharmaceutical composition and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating dementia, which include a Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 strain or a Lactobacillus curvatus C3 strain as an active ingredient.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered orally (e.g., taking medicine by mouth or inhalation) or parenterally (e.g., injection, percutaneous absorption, or rectal administration), and the injection may be, for example, a venous injection, a subcutaneous injection, an intramuscular injection, or an intraperitoneal injection. The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may be formulated into a tablet, capsule, granule, fine subtilae, powder, sublingual tablet, suppository, ointment, injection, turbid liquid, suspension, syrup, spray, and the like, according to an administration route. The pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention in the above-described various forms may be prepared by the known techniques using a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier that is generally used for each of the formulations. Examples of the pharmaceutical acceptable carrier include an excipient, binding agent, disintegrating agent, lubricant, preservative, antioxidant, isotonic agent, buffer, coating agent, sweetening agent, solubilizer, base, dispersion, wetting agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, colorant, and the like.
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention includes the Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 strain or Lactobacillus curvatus C3 strain of the present invention in the amount of about 0.01 to 100 wt %, depending on their pharmaceutical formulations.
The specific dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be varied according to a kind, a body weight, a sex, a degree of the disease of a mammal including a human to be treated, a decision of a practitioner, and the like, and the proper dose according to the specific use may be determined by the person ordinary skilled in the art. Preferably, for an oral administration, 0.001 to 500 mg of an active ingredient per 1 kg of a body weight per a day is administered, and for a parenteral administration, 0.01 to 200 mg of an active ingredient per 1 kg of a body weight per a day is administered. More preferably, 100 mg of an active ingredient per 1 kg of a body weight per a day is administered. The total dose per a day may be administered at one time or several times depending on a degree of a disease, a judgment by a practitioner and the like.
The present invention also provides a health dietary supplement having an antioxidant and anti-aging effects and a health dietary supplement for preventing or improving dementia, which includes a C29 strain or a C3 strain as an active ingredient.
A kind of the health dietary supplement of the present invention is not specifically limited, and the health dietary supplement of the present invention may be in a form of an oral-type formulation, such as, a powder, granule, table, capsule, suspension, emulsion, and syrup, or may be added to a general food, such as, a candy, cracker, gum, ice cream, noodle, bread, and beverage.
The health dietary supplement of the present invention may be prepared by properly using a filler, extender, binder, wetting agent, disintegrating agent, sweetening agent, flavoring agent, preservative, surfactant, lubricant, excipient, and the like in a routine manner according to its forms.
The content of a C29 strain or C3 strain for the preparation of the above-described health dietary supplement is different according to a form of a health dietary supplement, but the content thereof may be approximately 0.01 to 100 wt %.
In addition, the present invention provides a composition having an antioxidant and anti-aging effect and a composition for preventing or improving dementia, which include a fermentation composition that is fermented with a C29 strain or C3 strain, as an active ingredient.
In the present invention, the fermentation composition includes a fermentation composition of a soybean or defatted soybean, a fermentation composition of kalopanax, a fermentation composition of ginseng, and a fermentation composition of Codonopsis lanceolata.
In the present invention, a water suspension of the powder of the soybean or defatted soybean means to one prepared by adding 5 to 15 times water to the powder's weight to the powder of the dried soybean or defatted soybean and suspending the powder in the water, but the present invention is not limited thereto. A type of soybean milk prepared by grinding the soybean soaked in water may be used, as long as it corresponds to the objects of the present invention.
In the present invention, the kalopanax, ginseng and Codonopsis lanceolata may be in a form of an extract or essence, and preferably, a type of the extract prepared by a hydrothermal extraction, ethyl alcohol extraction or mixed extraction may be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In order to increase the extraction efficiency of the above-described extract, it may be ground or powdered, and the grinding and pulverization process may be conducted according to the conventional extraction method well-known in the art. For example, a water extraction method, alcohol extraction method, organic solvent extraction method and supercritical extraction method, and the like, may be used, and preferably the water extraction method is used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As an extraction solvent used in the above-described alcohol extraction method, low alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the like, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and butanol, may be used, and as an extraction solvent used in the above-described organic solvent extraction method, an organic solvent such as acetone, ether, benzene, chloroform, ethylacetate, methylene chloride, hexane, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid, cyclohexane and petroleum ether; or a mixture thereof may be used.
At this time, the rate of the extraction solvent added at the time of extraction is not specifically limited, but 2 to 20 times (based on the weight) of the extraction solvent with respect to the dry weight of kalopanax, ginseng, or Codonopsis lanceolata may be used. In order to increase the extraction efficiency, preferably, the extraction may be repeated several times, for example, 2 times or more by using 5 times to 15 times (based on the weight) of the extraction solvent with respect to kalopanax, ginseng or Codonopsis lanceolata.
At this time, an extraction temperature is preferably 50 to 110° C., and more preferably, 70 to 100° C. An extraction time varies according to the extraction temperature, but may be 1 to 48 hours, and preferably 2 to 8 hours. In addition, when it is stirred with a shaker at the time of extraction, the extraction efficiency may be more increased.
The extract may be prepared by a decompression distillation method or thin film distillation method.
In the present invention, the effects of the soybean or defatted soybean fermentation composition fermented by inoculating a C29 strain or C3 strain, the kalopanax fermentation composition, the ginseng fermentation composition, and the Codonopsis lanceolata fermentation composition on improving the memories of mice are confirmed in a passive avoidance response task by using the mice, an animal model with Alzheimer's disease, and thus, the effects for preventing or treating dementia are confirmed (see Example 5).
In the present invention, when the C29 strain or C3 strain is inoculated on the above-described extract, the extract is used after heating the extract at the temperature of 100° C. or more for 15 minute to 1 hour for a sterilization to inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria at the time of the inoculation.
Although the inoculating amount of the C29 strain or C3 strain varies according a kind of the extract used in the fermentation, the inoculating amount thereof is to be 1×108 CFU/ml or more and a fermentation temperature is preferably 20 to 40° C. Although a fermentation time is not specifically limited as long as it corresponds to the objects of the present invention, the fermentation time may be 10 to 30 hours after inoculating the C29 strain or C3 strain. In this case, when it is fermented for 10 hours or more, the fermentation composition is not sufficiently made, and when it is fermented for 30 hours and more, an organic acid is made much so as to generate strong sour taste and thus decrease a mouthfeel, and therefore, it is preferable to ferment it within the range of the fermentation time as mentioned above.
In addition, in the present invention, various fermentation food may be prepared according to the materials used in the fermentation; and for example, a fermentation beverage of lactic acid bacteria such as a yogurt may be prepared by inoculating a C29 strain or C3 strain to dry milk or milk, and then, fermenting it by the manner as above.
It is confirmed that the Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 strain or Lactobacillus curvatus C3 strain of the present invention has the superior effects on preventing and improving aging and dementia, and thus, they can be usefully utilized in the prevention or treatment of aging and dementia. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition and the health dietary supplement including the Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 strain or Lactobacillus curvatus C3 strain of the present invention can be effectively used for preventing or treating aging and dementia. Since the strains which are present in Kimchi intaken routinely are an active ingredient, it can be used without any concern for side effects or toxicity. In addition, since the fermentation compositions are prepared by inoculating the Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 strain or Lactobacillus curvatus C3 strain of the present invention, they can be effectively utilized as the compositions for preventing or treating aging and dementia.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These Examples are only to illustrate the invention, and it is self-evident to the skilled person in the art that the scope of the present invention is not to be limited to such Examples.
Cabbage Kimchi was suspended in MRS broth, the supernatant thereof was inoculated on MRS agar medium, and then, the medium thereof was anaerobically cultured at a temperature of 37° C. for 24 hours. Since then, the colony being grown out was selected and gram-stained, and 16S rDNA thereof was analyzed, and then a lactobacillus strain was isolated.
In addition, human feces were suspended in GAM broth (Nissui Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Japan), the supernatant thereof was inoculated on BL agar medium (Nissui Pharmaceutical) and then, the medium thereof was anaerobically cultured at 37° C. for 48 hours. Since then, the colony being grown out was selected and gram-stained, and 16S rDNA thereof was analyzed, and then, the lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains were isolated.
The isolated strains are as follows:
1) Lactic acid bacteria used by isolating from Kimchi
2) Lactic acid bacteria used by isolating from human digestive tract
In order to identify lactic acid bacteria having anti-dementia effects among 30 lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi and feces, an experiment was performed by using the above-described C1 to C30 strains and laboratory animals.
All animals used in the experiment were the male ICR-based mice (28 to 30 g), and the experiment was performed in accordance with Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animal (NIH publication No. 85-23). 5 and 6 laboratory animals were housed in a cage and were leaved to freely access to the food. The temperature in the cage was 23±1° C., the moisture was 60±10%, and 12 hours of day and night (07:30˜19:30) were always maintained.
2-1. Passive Avoidance Task Test
An experimental box (50×15×40 cm, electrofiable frid floor) as an experimental equipment was divided into two sections by using a partition, and it is designed so that when entering one side into the opposite side via a small entrance, the entrance was closed automatically. When an animal was put into one side of the section divided by the partition with turning on the light, it looked around followed entering into the dark section without any light, the entrance was automatically closed, immediately foot shock was made by flowing 0.25 mA of an electric current through stainless grid of a floor for one second. At the next day, the latency from the time that the laboratory animal was put into the section turning on the light to the time that the animal was passed over the dark section and then the entrance was closed was determined. The latencies until the mouse enters into the dark section like this were determined and compared for the control and test groups. The maximal limitation time was set to 300 seconds, wherein if the mouse did not enter into the dark section until over 300 seconds, the passive avoidance response latency was determined as 300 seconds. It was determined that greater the time until the animal passes over the dark section and the entrance was closed, the memory for passive avoidance through learning was well remained.
30 kinds of C1 to C30 lactic acid bacteria used in the experiment were administered to the animal model with dementia in a number of 1×1010 CFU one per 1 day for 2 days. Scopolamine (0.9 mg/kg) was administered at 1 hour after the last administration of lactic acid bacteria. As a result, as can be identified in
C29 lactic acid bacteria identified as having the best effects were administered to the mouse in 1×109 and 1×1010 CFU one per 1 day for two (2) days. Scopolamine (0.9 mg/kg) was administered at one hour after the last administration of lactic acid bacteria. As a result, as identified in
In addition, in order to identify the effect for improving dementia in the animal, hippocampus of a brain was isolated and was homogenized by adding 100 μg of RIPA buffer (Gibco) with protease inhibitor cocktail. After centrifuging it at 4° C., 13000 rpm for 15 minutes, p-CREB, CREB, BDNF and β-actin were measured by an immunoblotting method, while the supernatant was stored at −80° C.
Firstly, the supernatant was taken and subjected to an electrophoresis on SDS 10% (w/v) polyacrylamide gel for an hour and a half (sample, 50 μg). The gel subjected to electrophoresis was transferred onto a nitrocellulose paper at 100 V, 400 mA for 1 hour and 10 minutes, the transferred nitrocellulose paper was blocked by 5% defatted milk for 30 minutes and then washed with PBS-Tween three times each of 5 minutes, was reacted with the first antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) as 1:100 overnight. And then, after washing it three times with each of 10 minutes, the secondly antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) was reacted as 1:1000 for 1 hour and 20 minutes. And then, it was washed three times for 15 minutes, and was developed by emitting fluorescence. As a result, as can be confirmed in
The experimental results as above described show that the C29 and C3 lactic acid bacteria exhibit the dementia improvement effect via an improvement of the memory.
2-2. Y-maze Task
A Y-maze task measuring equipment had a shape of alphabet Y extending three arms, in which all the branches had 25 cm of a length, 14 cm of a height, and 5 cm of a width, and were positioned in the same angle. A head part of the laboratory animal is headed for the end of a path of Y-maze and let it go around a passage freely for 8 minutes. After recording a movement of the animal, if hind legs of the animal entered the passage, it is considered that the animal is arm entry. The movement of the animal is represented by an alternation, which is defined that if the animal passes three (3) passages continuously, it is defined as being one alternation. An amount of a spontaneous alternation is represented by a percent of the real alternation and the maximal possible alternation (i.e., a value obtained by deducting 2 from the total alternation).
The C29 which is the best one of lactic acid bacteria used in the experiments was administered to the mouse in 1×109 and 1×1010 CFU one per 1 day for two (2) days. Scopolamine (0.9 mg/kg) was administered at one hour after the last administration of lactic acid bacteria.
As a result, as can be identified in
2-3. Water Maze Task
To a circle type of water tank (a diameter of 100 cm and a height of 35 cm), water that was made foggy by putting dry milk so as not to see a platform equipped in water of 23° C. was filled in a depth of 15 cm. In the case of using a mouse, a platform (a diameter of 4.5 cm and a height of 14.5 cm) was placed in the center of one fan shape of 4-divided shapes of water tank so that the top of the platform is placed below 0.5 cm of the surface of water. This device was installed in the laboratory having a mark which can identify the position. A training trial was practiced three times per a day for five days in consequentially. Once the mouse found the platform, it is allowed to stay for 10 sec, and back to the original cage, and after 5 min, the next trial was practiced. If the mouse did not find the platform within 120 sec, it is allowed to stay in the platform for 10 sec, and then finished the trial. A probe test was practiced to the animal that the trial was finished at 24 hrs after the final trial. At this time, the platform was removed from the pool, and the time staying in the 4-divided circle that the platform was placed during 90 sec was measured to represent it as a percentage.
A swimming time was measured daily while administering the best C29 lactic acid bacteria in the amount of 1×109 and 1×1010 CFU among the lactic acid bacteria used in the experiment once per day for 4 days. Scopolamine (0.9 mg/kg) was administered at 1 hour after the first administration.
As a result, the C29 lactic acid bacteria exhibited the memory improvement effect in a concentration-dependent manner, as can be seen in
In order to identify the anti-oxidation, anti-aging and anti-dementia effect, three lactic acid bacteria C29, C3, C24 (1×109 CFU, respectively) were administered for five days for 12 weeks, and the anti-aging effect of the lactic acid bacteria and aging-associated gene AKT, FOXO3, NF-KB (p65), mTorr phosphate body in a large intestine that the progress of oxidation reaction is fast, were measured. Beta-actin was measured as a comparative gene. Also, the memory improvement effect was measured.
1) Lipid Peroxide Analysis
To 100 mg of the large intestine tissue of the laboratory animal, 250 μl of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitor cocktail was added to homogenate. Thereafter, it was centrifuged for 15 min at 4° C., 13000 rpm, and then the surfactant was used in the lipid peroxidation analysis while storing −80° C.
The lipid peroxidation degree in the large intestine tissue was analyzed by using TBARS analysis kit (Cayman chem., USA). 100 μl of homogenate of the large intestine tissue was placed in 5 ml of a polypropylene screw-cap centrifugal tube, and then 100 μl of SDS solution was added and shaken lightly. 4 ml of color reagent was added to the tube, and then put into boiling water for 1 hour to stop the reaction. Thereafter, it was centrifuged for 10 min at 4° C., 13000 rpm, and then allowed to stand for 30 min at the room temperature, and measured the absorbance at 540 nm using an ELISA reader. The standard cure was made by using malonaldehyde (MDA) as a standard material, and the amount of MDA produced from this was measured.
2) Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity
The Cu, Zn-SOD activity was measured by using xanthine oxidase-cytochrome C system. 2. 4 ml of 50 Mm potassium phosphate (pH 7.8, containing 0.1 mM EDTA), 0.3 ml of 0.1 mM pericytochrome C, 0.2 ml of 1% deoxycholate, 0.1 ml of 1.5 mM potassium cyanate, 0.3 ml of 0.5 mM xanthine and 20 ml of xanthine oxidase were thoroughly mixed, and the reduction rate of pericytochrome C was measured at 25° C., 550 nm. 1 unit of SOD was defined as the amount to inhibit 50% reduction of cytochrome C.
3) Catalase Activity
To 2 ml of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 100 μl of an enzyme source was added, and 1 ml of 10 mM H2O2 solution was added to measure the reduction of the absorbance for 2 min. 1 unit was defined as the amount of the enzyme which decomposes 1 mol H2O2 for 1 min.
4) Glutathione (GSH)
A GSH concentration was measured by diluting a sample with a phosphate buffer and adding o-phthaldehyde, shaking for 15 min, and measuring the fluorescence at 345 nm of an excitation wavelength and 425 nm of a radiation wavelength.
As the results of four experiments as above, all 3 strains used in the experiments exhibited excellent anti-oxidation and anti-aging results, as listed in the following Table 6. The most excellent stain was C29, and then in the order of C24 and C3.
In addition, to 100 mg of larger intestine tissue of the laboratory animal, 250 μl of RIPA buffer (Gibco) including protease inhibitor cocktail was added to homogenate. It was centrifuged for 15 min at 4° C., 13000 rpm, and then, phosphor-FOXO3, phosphor-p65, p65, phosphor-mTorr, phosphor-AKT and β-actin were measured via an immunoblotting method while storing the supernatant at −80° C.
The supernatant was taken and subjected to the electrophoresis in a SDS 10% (w/v) polyacrylamide gel for 1 hr and 30 minutes (sample, 50 μg). The gel subjected to the electrophoresis was transferred to a nitrocellulose paper at 100 V, 400 mA for 1 hour and 10 minutes, the transferred nitrocellulose paper was blocked with 5% defatted milk for 30 minutes and then was washed with PBS-Tween three times with each of 5 minutes, reacted with the first antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) at 1:100 overnight, washed three times with each of 10 minutes, and reacted with the secondly antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) at 1:1000 for 1 hour and 20 minutes. After then, it was washed three times with each of 15 minutes, was development with emitting fluorescence.
The cell treated in the same method as the above method, except for treating it with the active ingredient and LPS, was used as a control. As a result, as illustrated in
5) Y-maze Task
A Y-maze task equipment has a shape of alphabet Y extending three arms, wherein the each branch has 25 cm of a length, 14 cm of a height, and 5 cm of a width and placed with the same angle. A head part of the laboratory animal is headed for the end of a path of Y-maze and let it go around the path freely for 8 minutes. After recording a movement of the animal, when hind legs of the animal entered the passage, it is considered that the animal is arm entry. The movement of the animal is represented by alternation, which is defined that when the animal passes three (3) passages continuously, it is defined as one alternation. A spontaneous alternation is represented as a percent of the real alternation and the maximal possible alternation (i.e., a value obtained by deducting 2 from the total alternation).
In this task, the C29 lactic acid bacteria, C3 lactic acid bacteria and C24 lactic acid bacteria were administered to the mice aged 16 months in 1×109 CFU one per 1 day for two (2) days. In this task, since the memory of the aged mice was lower than that of young mice, scopolamine was not administered.
As a result, as can be identified in
6) Morris Water Maze Task
To a circle type of water tank (a diameter of 100 cm and a height of 35 cm), water that was made foggy by putting dry milk so as not to see a platform equipped in water of 23° C. was filled in a depth of 15 cm. In the case of using a mouse, a platform (a diameter of 4.5 cm and a height of 14.5 cm) was placed in the center of one fan shape of 4-divided shapes of water tank so that the top of the platform is placed below 0.5 cm of the surface of water. This device was installed in the laboratory having a mark which can identify the position. A training trial was practiced three times per day for five days 6 in consequentially. Once the mouse found the platform, it is allowed to stay for 10 sec, and back to the original cage, and after 5 min next trial was practiced. If the mouse did not find the platform within 120 sec, it is allowed to stay in the platform for 10 sec, and then finished the trial. A probe test was practiced to the animal that the trial was finished at 24 hrs after the final trial. At this time, the platform was removed from the pool, and the time staying in the 4-divided circle that the platform was placed during 90 sec was measured to represent it as a percentage.
A swimming time was measured daily while administering the C29 lactic acid bacteria, C3 lactic acid bacteria and C24 lactic acid bacteria to the mice aged 16 months in the amount of 1×109 CFU once per a day for 4 days. In this test, since the memory of the aged mice was lower than that of young mice, scopolamine did not administered.
As a result, as can be identified in
In order to identify the C29 strain and C3 strain verified as having the superior antioxidant and anti-aging effects and dementia improvement effects in the above tasks, a phylogenetic analysis was performed through the comparison of 16S rDNA gene sequences
When the rDNA base sequences were compared with each other using a BLAST similarity search program, and then, was proceeded an alignment of multiple sequences with the 16S rDNA gene sequences of various lactobacillus sp. Strains, and their positions were determined in a phylogenetic tree, since the C29 lactic acid bacteria exhibited at least 99.9% of homologe with Lactobacillus plantarum strain BIM B-536 and Lactobacillus pentosus strain LS3, they were named as Lactobacillus plantarum var. plantarum C29 and was deposited to the Depositary Authority, Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (“KCCM”) as a Deposit No. KCCM11291P, on Jul. 9, 2012. In addition, since the C3 lactic acid bacteria exhibited at least 99.9% of homologe with Lactobacillus curvatus, they were named as Lactobacillus curvatus C3, and were deposited to Deposit Authority, Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (KCCM) as a Deposit No. KCCM43009, on Jul. 9, 2012.
In order to identify the anti-dementia effects of a soybean or defatted soybean fermentation composition fermented with a C29 or C3 strain, a kalopanax fermentation composition, a ginseng fermentation composition, and a Codonopsis lanceolata fermentation composition, a passive avoidance task test using the laboratory animals was performed in the same method as Example 2.
5-1. Preparation of Fermentation Composition
10 g of a powder of the soybean or defatted soybean was suspended in 90 ml of water and sterilized, and 10 ml of the C29 or C3 strain was added in the amount of 1×108 CFU/0.1 ml thereto, and then, was cultured for 24 hrs.
10 g of each of a water extract of kalopanax, a water extract of ginseng and a water extract of Codonopsis lanceolata was suspended in 90 ml of water and sterilized, and 10 ml of the C29 or C3 strain was added in the amount of 1×108/0.1 ml, and then,was cultured for 24 hrs.
5-2. Passive Avoidance Task Test 0.1 ml of each of the soybean or defatted soybean fermentation composition, kalopanax fermentation composition, ginseng fermentation composition and Codonopsis lanceolata fermentation composition prepared by said method was added to the dementia model, mice once per 1 day for two (2) days. Scopolamine (0.9 mg/kg) was administered at one hour after the last administration of lactic acid bacteria. As a result, as can be identified in
The results of the above-described tasks show that the fermentation composition fermented by the C29 or C3 strain exhibits the dementia improvement effect by improving the memory.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2012-0089714 | Aug 2012 | KR | national |
This Application is a Rule 53 (b) Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/421,714, filed Feb. 13, 2015, which is a 371 Application of International Application No. PCT/KR2013/007410, filed Aug. 16, 2013, which claims the benefit of Korea Patent Application No. KR10-2012-0089714, filed Aug. 16, 2012, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7557089 | Zhang et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7619005 | Epstein et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 8404711 | Beattie et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8440426 | Fujita et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8940789 | Kusano et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 20110027348 | Feher | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110142990 | Jacob | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20150306158 | Kim et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20170049828 | Kim et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| Entry |
|---|
| Park et al., (2010), Journal of Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. vol. 39, pp. 1691-1694. |
| Hu et al., (2004), J. AgriC. Food Chem. vol. 52, pp. 5724-5739. |
| Grajek et al., Acta Biochimica Polonica, vol. 52 No. Mar. 2005, 665-671. |
| “Mass of a Bacterium”, Siu, 2003, accessed at https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/LouisSiu.shtml on Apr. 23, 2019. (Year: 2003). |
| Jung et al., “Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 protects scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice”, Journal Applied Microbiology, vol. 113, Issue 6, pp. 1498-1506 |
| Mendiola-Precoma et al., “Therapies for Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease”, BioMed Research International, vol. 2016, Article ID 2589276, 17 pages. |
| Virtanen et al., .(Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 102 (2007), pp. 106-115. |
| Kim et al., ((2011), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 165, 1107-1110). |
| He et al., ((2011), Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 112, 188-193). |
| Weon et al., ((2013), Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 464576, 7 pages). |
| “Nedelcheva et al., “Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus Plantarum NBIMCC 2415 with Antioxidant Activityas a Starter Culture in the Production of Dried Fermented Meat Products”, Biotechnol & BiotechnolEq, 2010”. |
| “Wang et al.,“Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001: In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity andEffect on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status in Weaning Piglets”, Asian-Aust. Ja. Anim. Sci., vol. 25, pp. 1153-1158, 2012.” |
| Office Action issued U.S. Appl. No. 14/421,714 dated Nov. 16, 2016. |
| Office Action issued U.S. Appl. No. 14/421,714 dated Apr. 21, 2017. |
| Office Action issued U.S. Appl. No. 15/297,955 dated Jan. 10, 2018. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170368114 A1 | Dec 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14421714 | US | |
| Child | 15641873 | US |
