Patent Application
20080057044
The present invention relates to Lactobacillus plantarum with body-fat reducing activity and foods containing them.
The present invention provides Lactobacillus strains with body-fat reducing activity.
The present invention also provides live organisms, killed organisms, broken cell wall fractions, a culture solution, a dried culture solution, a cultured extract containing CLA with a body-fat reducing effect, which result from the Lactobacillus strains of the present invention, and body-fat reducing functional foods and food additives containing them.
In addition, the present invention provides, body-fat reducing functional foods and beverages using Lactobacillus strain with a body-fat reducing effect as a starter strain or additive.
Furthermore, the present invention provides a medicament with a body-fat reducing effect containing the Lactobacillus strains of the present invention.
In modern societies, obesity is a disease with lower perfect cure proportion than cancer and increases a death rate as well as various adult diseases resulting from it. It has brought about severe problems enough to make public “war on obesity” in U.S.A. Many materials have been asserted to be a material effective in preventing and treating obesity, but till now only pyruvic acid and conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) have been proved to be efficacious according to a scientific basis (Lenz T L, Hamilton W R. Supplemental products used for weight loss. 2004. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash D.C.) 44:59-67). It is suggested that a body-fat reducing mechanism is a reduction of adipose-cell number, a reduction of adipose-cell size, an ingestion reduction of energy and food, a production reduction of fat, an increase of energy consumption, lipolytic activity, an increase of lipid oxidation or like by inducing apoptosis of adipose cells (Chardigny J M, Hasselwander O, Genty M, Kraemer K, Ptock A, Sebedio J L. 2003, Effect of conjugated FA on feed intake, body composition, and liver FA in mice. Lipids. 38(9):895-902).
CLA(c9t11-octadecadienoic acid, t10c12-octadecadienoic acid) is formed through an isomerization of linoleic acid(LA, C18:2 cis9cis12). It has been known that CLA has an antioxidative effect, a cholesterol lowering effect, a growth promoting effect, and an anticancer effect according to the location of double bonds. Recently, it has bee known that CLA has body plasma lipids, a body-fat reducing effect, or like. It has been reported that CLA may be found in animal meats, fermented milk or like. Animal experiments and clinical trials have already proved that especially c9,t11-CLA of CLA isomers has a body-fat reducing effect. Most ideally, c9t11-CLA and t10c12-CLA are most preferably produced in the same quantity.
Butyrivibrio fibriosolvents is the first found anaerobic microorganism that produces CLA, which is isolated from ruminants like a cow. It produces trans-11-octadecenoic acid through 2 steps upon the biohydrogenation of LA. cis-9, trans-11-Octadecadienoic acid is produced by the action of linoleic acid isomerases, prior to hydrogenating the generated conjugated acid to produce trans-11-octadecenoic acid.
According to the recent Norway study in 2004(Gaullier J M, Halse J, Hoye K, Kristiansen K, Fagertun H, Vik H, Gudmundsen O. 2004. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 79(6):1118-1125), CLA caused a weight loss of 4-10% without side effects when administered to 180 overweight people for one year.
The present invention selected and identified a Korean-type Lactobacillus strain with a body-fat reducing effect that overproduced t10c12-CLA, confirmed characteristics of a probiotic, such as intestinal adaptation or like, in the strain, and found out conditions that the strain could maximally produce CLA and Lactobacillus strains with a body fat reducing effect by carrying out an animal experiment to confirm weight loss.
[Disclosure]
[Technical Problem]
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a strain that produces CLA.
The strain of the present invention is Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 that was deposited as KCCM-10655P to Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms on May 9, 2005.
Another object of the present invention is to provide Lactobacillus strains capable of reducing body fat.
Still another object of the-present invention is to prevent or treat various adult diseases by reducing body fat.
Further another object of the present invention is to provide conditions that produce maximum CLA with a body-fat reducing effect.
Additional another object of the present invention is to provide a strain that has a body-fat reducing effect, good adhesion to the intestines, and strong tolerance to both acid and bile.
Further still another object of the present invention is to provide as a probiotic Lactobacillus strains that doesn't transfer an antibiotic resistance and is harmless.
Lactobacillus strains can be prepared in various compositions, preferably these compositions are compositional forms, such as capsules, tablets, powder etc and convenient forms capable of being added to various foods. These formulations can be prepared using pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, solvent or supplements by the known methods. These method and ingredients have been well known, and are in detail disclosed in standard texts and manuals, for example a publication(Remington. 1995. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. Mack Publishing Co. Easton, Pa. 18042, USA), which is incorporated herein by reference.
Digestive Foods containing Lactobacillus strains may be prepared by the well-known method in the art.
Foods and beverages with a body-fat reducing effect may be prepared by the well-known method in the art using the strain as a starter strain or additive of fermented foods containing fermented milk products.
Fermented foods with a maximum body-fat reducing effect can be produced using conditions suggested herein.
[Technical Solution]
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the above and other objects can be accomplished by the provision of body-fat reducing functional foods.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 KCCM-10655P capable of reducing body fat.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there are provided body-fat reducing functional foods containing Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 KCCM-10655P in an amount of 1×106-1×1011 CFU/g in order to prevent and treat adult diseases using a body-fat reducing effect.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there are provided food and beverage additives containing Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there are provided conditions capable of obtaining a maximum body-fat reducing effect in fermented foods using Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by reference to examples of preferred embodiments of the present invention which, however, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention in any way.
[Advantageous Effects]
Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 of the present invention has a body-fat reducing effect to be capable of preventing or treating diseases resulting from obesity. In addition, dried Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 and Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 cultural filtrates, dried cultural filtrates of the present invention may be used as additives of various foods and beverages to be useful in preventing and treating body fat, hence can be used in preventing and treating all obesity-related diseases. Furthermore, fermented foods using said Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 of the present invention could prevent and treat obesity by a body-fat reducing effect.
In addition, according to the present invention Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 must be primary-cultured in a medium containing LA in order to produce maximum CLA. LA content is 100-1000 ppm, Tween-80 content is 0.01-1%, and carbohydrate is preferably fructose and sucrose, so that fermented foods using Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 have a maximum body fat reducing effect.
The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
In order to select CLA-producing strains, Lactobacillus strains that grew in a medium containing LA, a substrate of CLA, were screened. And then, it was confirmed whether they expressed an isomerase enzyme, an enzyme involved in producing CLA.
<Materials and Method>
First, Lactobacillus strains that grew in a medium containing linoleic acid(LA) were selected, of which CLA-producing Lactobacillus strains were screened. For this, CLA-producing strains may easily be screened from a large quantity of Lactobacillus strains by using an isomerase assay(Ogawa J, Matsumura K, Kishino S, Omura Y, and Shimizu S. 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid accumulation via 10-Hydroxy-12-octadecaenoic acid during microaerobic transformation of linoleic acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 67:1246-1252; T. Y. Lin, C. W. Lin, Y. J. Wang. 2002. Linoleic acid isomerase activity in enzyme extracts from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. Shermanii, J. Food Sci. 67(4): 1502-1505)). First, Lactobacillus strains that grew in a MRS medium containing 0.1% LA were primarly selected. And then, these Lactobacillus strains were twice subcultured in a MRS broth and cultured in a MRS broth containing 0.1% LA 10 mL for 2 days. The medium of 5 mL was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect cells, prior to washing the cells twice with a 0.1M potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.0). Again, thereto a 0.1M potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.0) 1.0 mL was added, followed by breaking and centrifuging the admixture every 3 minutes in a cold state using an ultrasonic breaker to obtain a crude enzyme solution. The crude enzyme solution was added to a substrate solution(LA 0.1 mL, 0.1M potassium phosphate buffer 2.7 mL, and 1,3-propanediol 0.2 mL) to measure an absorbance at 233 nm.
<Results and Discussion>
CLA-producing Lactobacillus strains were screened out of more than 200 Lactobacillus strains using an isomerase assay.
In order to confirm how much CLA was substantially produced by Lactobacillus strains expressing isomerase enzymes, the quantity of generated CLA was determined using a gas chromatography.
<Materials and Method>
Lactobacillus candidates were inoculated into a MRS liquid medium containing LA, prior to culturing the mixture at 37° C. for 24-48 hours. The cultured medium was extracted with heptadecanoic acid and a mixture of chloroform:methanol. The extract was treated with sodium sulfate to remove moisture, and then evaporated. 1N Sodium hydroxide(in methanol) was added to the prepared sample, prior to saponifying the sample at 100° C. for 15 minutes. Thereto 4% HCl(in methanol) was added to be methylated. Hexane:water(1:1, v/v) were added to the methylated sample, and then mixed and centrifuged. An organic solvent fraction was taken to remove organic solvent using nitrogen gas, followed by dissolving the sample in hexane 1 mL.
According to the present invention, CLA content within each sample before and after the removal of oxides was measured by gas chromatography(Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II GC) with a flame ionization detector(FID). The used capillary column(DB FFAP capillary column) has a length of 30 m, an inner diameter of 0.25 μm, and a film thickness of 0.25 μm. After setting the column into a GC, a GC was used under the following conditions: oven temperature(210° C.); detector temperature(270° C.); injector temperature(250° C.); carrier gas(Helium(1 mL/min)); split ratio(50:1); and sample injection(2 μl). Each peak area was calculated using an integrator(3395, Hewlett Packard) linked with the GC. CLA was identified, as compared with the retention time of a standard material. Heptadecanoic acid was used as an internal standard material in order to measure CLA contents(Lin, T. Y. 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid concentration as affected by lactic cultures and additives, Food Chemistry 69. 27-31).
<Results and Discussion>
As indicated in the gas chromatogram of
In order to identify CLA-producing Lactobacillus strains, it was confirmed whether they showed gram positive on a gram's staining and catalase negative or not. Various biochemical and physiological tests were carried out using an API kit, and 16S rRNA sequence was analyzed and identified. In addition, in order to classify closely related species, strains were identified by multiplex PCR assays using a group-specific primer.
1. Gram's Staining
Straining was smeared on a slide and heat-fixed, prior to adding a crystal violet solution thereon to be reacted for about 1 minute. The resulting slide was treated with an iodine solution to wash an excess of dyes, followed by adding iodine thereon to be treated for 1 minute. The resulting slide was decolorized with 95% ethanol for 30 seconds, and then washed with water for 2-3 seconds to remove water with a sucker. The resulting slide was treated with a safranin 0 solution for 10-30 seconds for a counter stain. The resulting slide was carefully rinsed with water until dyes didn't come out any more, followed by drying the resulting slide with a sucker and letting a drop of immersion oils fall to be observed through a microscope.
<Results and Discussion>
As shown in
2. Biochemical and Physiological Tests Using an API Kit
After confirming whether strains were purely isolated or not, the strains were cultured in a MRS medium at 30° C. or 37° C. for 24 hours. They were more than twice subcultured in a MRS broth, prior to isolating a colony from a MRS medium. A suspension medium ample was opened to prepare a heavy suspension with very high turbidity using a cotton ball. The prepared strain solution was dropped into the suspension medium 5 mL drop by drop till turbidity reached McFarland 2. The API 50 CHL medium containing the strains was divided into tubes of a strip and cultured under the aerobic condition at 30° C. or 37° C. for 48 hours. If acid is generated, an API kit makes a medium yellowish by a bromocresol purple indicator within the medium. If color changes from purple to black in an Esculin test(Tube No. 25), it means a positive reaction.
<Results and Discussion>
As indicated Table 1, experimental results using an API 50CH kit showed that the Lactobacillus strain of the invention was identified to Lactobacillus plantarum(99.3%).
Lactobacillus plantarum (99.3%)
3. Identification Using 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis
Genomic DNA was isolated to amplify a 16S ribosomal DNA fragments thereof, prior to confirming the amplified DNA fragments by an electrophoresis. DNA fragments were purified using a Qiagen PCR purification kit(Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) to be mixed with a reactant solution containing d-Rhodamine dye-labeling dd-NTP, prior to performing a direct sequencing to purify the obtained DNA using an ethanol/sodium acetate precipitation. The purified DNA was dissolved in TSR(template suppression reagent) to be analyzed with an ABI prism 310 Genetic analyzer(PE Applied Biosystems, U.S.A). The analyzed sequence was identified using Genebank(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).
<Results and Discussion>
As a result of analyzing the sequence of CLA-producing Lactobacillus strain(
In order to be used as a probiotic, it must have strong tolerance to both acid and bile and good adaptation to intestinal cells. An intestinal adaptation should be confirmed through human experiments.
1. Acid Resistance Test
In order to know if pH affected survivability of selected strains, a MRS(DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe) medium was used after adjusting pH to 7.0, 4.8, and 4.5 using 10N HCl. An activated strain solution(0.D=2.0) was inoculated into a MRS medium in an amount of 2% and cultured at 37° C. for 24 hours, prior to measuring an absorbance at 600 nm. It was examined if pH affected growth of selected strains using the measured absorbance. The 0.D of pH 7.0 was diluted to 1/10 to measure and record an absorbance(Conway P L, Gorback S L, Goldin B R, 1987. Survival of lactic acid bacteria in the human stomach and adhesion to intestinal cells. J. Daily Sci. 70:1-12).
<Results and Discussion>
As a result of an experiment on survivability in the presence of low acid, even if said strains were treated for 24 hours, they survived, hence had a strong resistance to acid as shown in Table 2.
2. Bile Resistance Test
In order to know if bile affected growth of selected strains, ox-gall(OXOID) was added to a MRS(DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe) medium in amounts of 0.125% and 0.25% to be sterilized. The activated strain solution(0.D=2.0) was inoculated into the sterilized medium in an amount of 2% and cultured at 37° C. for 24 hours, followed by measuring an absorbance at 600 nm. The 0.D in 0% bile was diluted to 1/10 to measure and record an absorbance(Ibrahim S A, Bezkorovainy A. 1993. Survival of bifidobacteria in the presence of bile salt. J. Sci. Food Agric. 62: 351-354).
<Results and Discussion>
Healthy people have a bile concentration of 0.06% within the small intestines. The strains survived even in the presence of 0.250% bile, thus had a strong bile resistance.
3. Intestinal Adhesion Test
In order to know an adhesion to the human intestines, Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was adhered to Caco-2 cell lines derived from intestinal epidermal cells. For this, Caco-2 cell lines were cultured in a DMEM medium(pH 7.0) containing sodium bicarbonate 2.7 g/L, 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum(FBS) and antibiotics antimicotics. 3×105 Cells were inoculated into a medium of 2 mL in a petri dish of 30 mm to be cultured into a single layer. The medium was changed once every two days. The cell single layer was twice rinsed with a phosphate buffered saline(PBS) solution of 2 mL, 6 days later. The Lactobacillus strain of 1×107 cells was suspended in a medium of 2 mL and added to a petri dish, prior to culturing the admixture at 37° C. under an 5% CO2-95% air atmosphere for 60-90 minutes. The cells were twice rinsed with a sterilized PBS and fixed with methanol for 10 minutes. They were observed through an optical microscope after a gram's stain. 20 Fields were inspected under a 100-fold microscope for a quantitative analysis. The number of adhered strains was counted and indicated in terms of the number of adhered strains per 100 Caco-2 cells(Bibiloni R, Perez P F, DeAntoni G L. 1999. Anaerobe 5, 483-485; Edited by R. Fuller (1997) Probiotics 2, 10-22).
<Results and Discussion>
As shown in
4. Adaptation Test to the Human Intestines
In order to confirm whether Lactobacillus strains were adapted to the intestines after people substantially took them, Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was orally administered in an amount of 1010 CFU once a day for 8 days. The next day, feces were cultured, in a MRS(with 1% bromo phenol blue, 30 μg/mL vancomycin) for 48 hours. All the similar colonies were examined by a gram's stain, subcultured, and purely isolated. Species-specific PCR assays were carried out using purely isolated colonies.
<Results and Discussion>
As shown in
The safety test of Lactobacillus strains should be carried out for human dosage. For this, it was confirmed whether Lactobacillus strains produced toxic materials, such as ammonia, indole, hemolysin or like or not, and poisonous enzymes were present or not.
1. Hemolysis Test
When Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was inoculated into a sheep blood agar and cultured at 37° C. for 24 hours, only α-hemolysis was found, not β-hemolysis.
2. Gelatin Liquefaction Test
Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was inoculated into a slant medium made of a MRS gelatin medium(beef extract of 0.3 g, peptone of 0.5 g, gelatin of 12 g, and MRS broth of 100 mL) and cultured at 35° C. for 6 weeks. When it, together with a control, was cooled at 4° C. for 4 hours or so to examine gelatin liquefaction, it was thought that gelatinases were not present because a gelatin liquefaction wasn't observed.
3. Ammonia Formation Test
A urea agar medium(urea of 20 g, NaCl of 5 g, KH2PO4 of 2 g, peptone of 1 g, glucose of 1 g, phenol of 12 mg, and distilled water of 100 mL) was filtered and sterilized, followed by dissolving agar of 15 g in distilled water of 900 mL to be wet-sterilized and mixed with the prepared urea agar medium to adjust a total volume to 1 L(pH 6.9). Thereto Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was inoculated and cultured at 37° C. for 12 hours or so, prior to observing color change of the medium. Because a yellow medium means negative, it was proved that Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 didn't generate ammonia.
4. Indole Formation Test
Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was inoculated into a MRS agar containing 0.1% tryptone and cultured for 18 hours or so. When thereto 5 drops of a Kovac's reagent(p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde of 10 g, buthanol of 150 mL, and hydrocholic acid of 50 mL) were added, there was no color change. This means that indole wasn't produced.
5. Phenylalanine Deamination Test
Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was inoculated into a MRS medium containing 0.2% D,L-phenylalanine and cultured for 24 hours or like. After thereto letting 5-10 drops of 10% ferric chloride fall to flow down on a slant medium, a color change was observed within 1-5 minutes. In case of a positive reaction, the generated phenylpyruvic acid was reacted with ferric chloride to make a medium green. Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 showed a negative reaction.
6. β-Glucuronidase Test
p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide was dissolved in 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer(pH 6.0) for a 0.2% concentration. Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was suspended in a phosphate buffer to Ab600=4 to form a suspension. A buffer solution of 200 μl with a substrate was added to the suspension of 200 μl and treated at 37° C. for 16 hours. If a culture solution gets yellow, it is positive. However, this test showed a negative reaction. The culture solution was centrifuged to take a supernatant. When an absorbance of the supernatant was determined at 405 nm, it was 0.078.
7. Nitroreductase Activity Test
Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 cultured in a MRS liquid medium overnight was centrifuged at 3000×g for 10 minutes to collect biomass, prior to sonicating the biomass for 5 minutes. 4-Nitrobenzoic acid(final conc. 30 μg/mL) and trichloroacetic acid(final conc. 0.21%) were added to the supernatant and treated at 37° C. for 1 hour, followed by adding sodium nitrite(final conc. 0.007%) to be treated at room temperature for 20 minutes. Thereto ammonium sulfamate(final conc. 0.04%) was added and treated at room temperature for 3 minutes. Thereto NEDD(N-(1-naphtyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride)(final conc. 0.35%) was added and developed at 4° C. When the developed supernatant was observed under a 540 nm spectrophotometer, it showed a negative reaction. It was compared with a positive reaction obtained from adding 4-aminobenzoic acid of 1 μg/mL.
8. Antibiotic Resistance
The stronger antibiotic resistance a probiotic has, the higher survivability within the intestines is. Thus, the stronger an antibiotic resistance is, the better it is. However, if an antibiotic resistance is transferred, resistance problems may be brought about. It was confirmed whether an antibiotic resistance was transferred to other bacteria or not.
9. Transfer Test of Antibiotic Resistance
In order to examine the transfer of an antibiotic resistance, a filter binding assay was carried out(Givers, D., G. Huys, and J, Swings. 2003. In vitro conjugal transfer of tetracycline resistance from Lactobacillus isolates to other Gram-positive bacteria. FEMS Microb. Letters 225:125-130). Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was cultured to a mid-exponential phase(approximately 4-5 hours). The cultured strain of 1 mL was mixed with Enterococcus faecalis CCARM 5510 of 1 mL, followed by filtering the mixture through a sterilized cellulose acetate filter to be washed with PPS(peptone physiological saline solution). The filter paper was put on a non-selective agar medium and cultured at 37° C. for 16 hours. Biomass grown on the filter paper was washed with PPS of 2 mL and detached from the paper, prior to diluting the biomass to be inoculated into an Enterococcosal selective medium containing various antibiotics and cultured at 37° C. for 24-48 hours. It was examined whether E. faecalis with an antibiotic resistance was present or not, but there was no E. faecalis with an antibiotic resistance in the culture. This means that the antibiotic resistance was not transferred.
[Mode for Invention]
We found the concentration of LA and the kind of substrates that can maximally produce CLA.
1. LA Concentration Capable of Producing Maximum CLA
As LA of high concentration inhibits the growth of bacteria themselves, LA can't be added to a medium in high concentration(Jenkins J K, Courtney P D. 2003. Lactobacillus growth and membrane composition in the presence of linoleic or conjugated linoleic acid. Can J Microbiol. 2003 49(1): 51-57). In addition, in order to save LA spent on a medium LA concentration that could produce maximum CLA was found out.
<Materials and Method>
Water-soluble LA ester was added to a skim milk medium and MRS medium for various concentrations and cultured overnight, followed by measuring the quantity of CLA generated within the media. For this, lipid within a medium was extracted and methylated, prior to measuring the quantity of generated CLA using a GC. To do this, heptadecanoic acid of 1000 ppm and chloroform:methanol(2:1) of 200 mL were added to a culture solution of 20 mL, followed by thereto adding glass beads to be strongly shaken for 5 minutes and homogenized for 5 minutes.
The admixture was centrifuged at 600 rpm for 15 minutes(4° C.) and separated into two fractions. An organic solvent fraction was treated with sodium sulfate to remove residual moisture, prior to evaporating organic solvent to be dried with nitrogen gas. 1N Sodium hydroxide(methanol) of 3 mL was added to the dried sample and saponified at 100° C. for 15 minutes. At this time, a screw-capped tube treated with a Teflon tape was used and the cap was wrapped with a parafilm. Thereto 4% HCl(methanol) of 6 mL was added to be methylated for 20 minutes. The methylated sample was mixed with hexane:water(1:1, v/v) of 2 mL and strongly shaken for 10 minutes, followed by centrifuging the mixture at 8000 rpm and 4° C. for 15 minutes. An organic solvent fraction was taken and dried using nitrogen gas, prior to dissolving the dried matter in hexane 1 mL.
<Results and Discussion>
Supposing that the peak area of heptodecanoic acid, a standard reference material, is 100, when LA was in an amount of more than 100 ppm added to a medium CLA was produced in a sufficient amount(Table 5). In addition, if LA was in amounts of 1000 ppm and 500 ppm each added there was no striking difference between them in producing CLA. Preferably, LA is in an amount of 100-1000 ppm added in order to produce CLA. In the view of cost and efficiency, 500 ppm is most preferable.
2. Emulsifier Addition Conditions for Producing Maximum CLA
It was examined if when an emulsifier was added in order to increase the solubility of LA in a culture solution, the production of CLA increased or not. For this, LA was added to a skim milk medium and MRS medium for a 0.1% concentration. At this time, LA was added in three form of LA, LA salt, and LA and Tween-80(0.2%) and cultured ovemight, followed by confirming the CLA productivity of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62. Using the above-mentioned method, lipid within a culture solution was extracted to be methylated, prior to determining the quantity of CLA by GC.
<Results and Discussion>
A Tween-80 that was used in order to enhance a solubility of LA in a culture solution tripled the production of t10c12 CLA, as compared with a LA salt(Table 6). It is very important that an emulsifier was added to enhance solubility of LA upon adding LA to a medium.
3. Emulsifier Addition Conditions Upon Primary Culture for Inducing CLA Production
In order to produce maximum CLA immediately after taking Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 itself, or a starter strain or additive thereof, it was examined whether in case Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was cultured to produce products like lyophilized-dry powders, adding Tween-80 to increase solubility of LA was an efficient condition or not. For this, LA salt, LA and Tween-80 of 0.1%, LA and Tween-80 of 0.2%, and LA and Tween-80 of 0.5% were added to a medium on primary-culturing starter strains. The primary-cultured Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was cultured in a CLA-producing medium(skim milk containing LA of 0.1%) to measure the quantity of the generated CLA.
<Results and Discussion>
In order to produce maximum CLA in a skim milk medium(whey medium) used in a commercial production, in case Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was cultured in a skim milk medium containing LA of 0.1% and Tween-80 of 0.1-0.5% to induce productivity of CLA, CLA productivity was best(Table 7). It was thought that the reason why 0.2% Tween-80 has higher CLA productivity than 0.5% Tween-80 was the growth inhibition of Lactobacillus strains by 0.5% Tween-80.
4. Saccharide-Addition Conditions for Producing Maximum CLA
We found out the kind of saccharides capable of producing maximum CLA. To do this, fructose, sucrose, and lactose each was added to a skim milk containing 0.1% LA medium for a 6% concentration to measure a production of CLA.
<Results and Discussion>
CLA was produced most on adding fructose, followed by sucrose and lactose. When glucose and lactose were added, CLA production was reduced.
1. Change of the Body Weight of Rats Administered with CLA-Producing Lactobacillus Plantarum Strain PL62
A lyophilized Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 that was cultured in a medium containing 0.1% LA and 0.2% Tween-80 using skim milk as an excipient was administered into a rat in a dose of 109 CFU/day and 1 CFU/day with giving a high-fat diet, followed by observing the change of body weight of a rat.
<Materials and Method>
Four C57BL/6N rats(Charles river laboratory animal facility, USA) were assigned to five groups. The first group was a group administered with a normal diet(Purina rodent chow #5057(3.2 Scal/g), the second group was a group administered with a high-fat diet(Research diet 45% high fat diet D12451(5.252 cal/g), the third group was a control group administered with a high-fat diet and skim milk of an excipient, the fourth group was a group administered with a high-fat diet and Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 in high concentration(109 CFU/day), and the fifth group was a group administered with a high-fat diet and Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 in low concentration(107 CFU/day). While 3 week-old rats ate a high-fat diet and water to the full, the change of their body weight and the quantity of a fed diet were observed. The rats were anatomized on the 9th week to observe weight of intestinal fat and intestines using a microscope after a stain.
<Results and Discussion>
Table 9 represents the change of body weight of rats administered with Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62. According to Table 9, while a group administered with Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 in high concentration, hardly showed a significant statistic on the 4th week, it had lower weight gain by more than 3 g on the 8 th week, as compared with a control group(Table 9,
2. Change of the Intestines Weight of Rats Administered with CLA-Producing Lactobacillus Plantarum Strain PL62
The rats administered with Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 were anatomized on the 8th week to observe weight of intestinal fat and change in all organs. The results were shown in Table 10.
According to Table 10, it hardly showed a significant statistic difference on the weight of major organs containing kidney, spleen, brain, liver, etc, as compared with a control group. While, weight of organs accumulating intestine fat including renal limbus, inguinal region, epididymis, etc. were reduced on groups administered with Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62. That is to say, the weight of the renal limbus of groups administered with Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 were reduced to 0.63 g and 0.62 g respectively, which was 0.2 g(25%), as compared with a control group. And, the weight of the inguinal region of groups administered with Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 were reduced to 1.17 g and 1.16 g respectively, which was 0.23 g(16.43%), as compared with a control group. The weight of the epididymis of groups administered with Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 were reduced to 1.63 g and 1.47 g respectively, which was 0.14 g(7.9%) and 0.3 g(16.9%) respectively, as compared with a control group.
Therefore, reduction of the body weight of rats administered with Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 was caused by reduction of weight of intestine fat.
Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 of the present invention has a body-fat reducing effect. Said Lactobacillus strain can be directly used as body-fat reducing functional foods for preventing or treating all diseases resulting from obesity, or can be used as additives of body-fat reducing functional foods.
Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 of the present invention has a body-fat reducing effect to be capable of preventing or treating diseases resulting from obesity. In addition, dried Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 and Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 cultural filtrates, dried cultural filtrates of the present invention may be used as additives of various foods and beverages to be useful in preventing and treating body fat, hence can be used in preventing and treating all obesity-related diseases. Furthermore, fermented foods using said Lactobacillus plantarum Strain PL62 of the present invention could prevent and treat obesity by a body-fat reducing effect.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2004-0070132 | Sep 2004 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR05/02067 | 6/30/2005 | WO | 10/31/2007 |
