TREA

Laminar flow duct cooling system

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Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 6343984
  • Patent Number
    6,343,984
  • Date Filed
    Monday, November 30, 1998
    25 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, February 5, 2002
    22 years ago
Information
Abstract
The invention provides a redundant cooling system with abatement of noise from cooling fans used primarily in computer equipment and other boxes housing electronic equipment. Typically either the computer system or box housing electronic components has two parallel side panels, a front panel, and a back panel upon which cooling fans are mounted to draw air across various electronic components and through the box for heat dissipation. The cooling system includes an airflow grille attached to one end of a laminar flow duct and two adjacent cooling fans mounted to the other end of a laminar flow duct which includes a Venturi opening on the top panel of the laminar flow duct to facilitate laminar flow through the laminar flow duct at a distance before the cooling fans and at a distance after the cooling fans.
Description




FIELD OF THE INVENTION




This invention relates to noise reduced computer fan cooling systems.




BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION




Personal computers and generic boxes housing electronic components are conventionally cooled by fans mounted to their back panels that blow air across their respective components and transfer heat through convection.




The design trend towards smaller enclosures packing more computing power in less space has increased the amount of heat generated per unit area and consequently has required more effective and reliable cooling. Failure to provide adequate cooling can result in electronic component or peripheral failure, the loss of valuable computing time, and wasted resources in recovering lost data. It is therefore more cost efficient to provide a given box with the requisite cooling initially than to repair and retrofit. However, it is also important to provide cooling without introducing acoustic noise that could diminish system efficiency. System acoustic noise generally takes two forms: mechanical noise and aerodynamic noise.




Mechanical noise is generated from the vibration of moving parts such as fans and disk drives. Aerodynamic noise is generated from turbulent airflow across and in the vicinity of the fan blades. The design and implementation of grommets or other dampening devices for minimizing mechanical noise is well known in the art. Techniques of minimizing aerodynamic noise are less well known. However, while less well known and less critical than the techniques for minimizing mechanical noise they are still important for optimizing system efficiency.




In general, aerodynamic noise generated by cooling fans is a function of the type of flow in the region surrounding the fan blades, flow velocity, fan blade shape, number of fan blades and the shape of the duct in which the fan is housed.




Many different approaches have been tried to minimize cooling fan noise. These approaches try to minimize noise contributions by modifying at least one of the aforementioned parameters. However, a first problem known in the art is that changing flow velocity and type of flow can result in less cooling and it would be desirable to change flow characteristics to minimize noise without diminishing cooling capacity.




It is known in the art to provide a grille at an airflow entrance for the fan both for human safety and for minimizing radiated electromagnetic noise. A second problem known in the art is that an airflow grille with grill openings small enough to minimize both radiated electromagnetic noise and human contact with rotating fan blades can decrease the efficiency of the fan. This efficiency decrease can result from at least two factors. (1) The airflow grille produces back-pressure on the fan, so that operation of the fan is strained and the fan can be subject to extra wear. (2) The airflow grille produces turbulence, so that operation of the fan is less efficient and airflow over the systems or equipment is less efficient at cooling.




Accordingly, it would be advantageous to provide a cooling system and a method for operating a cooling system, which has relatively reduced noise and is relatively efficient and inexpensive. This advantage is achieved in an embodiment of the invention in which a laminar flow duct modifies flow characteristics by separating a set of cooling fans from an airflow grille. Thus, back pressure on the fan is reduced and laminar flow through the fan and over the systems or equipment is improved.




SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION




The invention provides a cooling system and a method for operating a cooling system, which has relatively reduced noise and is relatively efficient and inexpensive. A set of cooling fans operates in conjunction with an airflow grille and a laminar flow duct, so as to reduce the amount of aerodynamic noise, and to block dust and other foreign objects. A laminar flow duct separates the cooling fans from the airflow grille, so as to reduce back pressure on the fan and improve laminar flow through the fan and over the systems or equipment. Additionally, the laminar flow duct acts to reduce electromagnetic noise.




In a preferred embodiment, the laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, so as to draw airflow into the cooling fans from a region adjacent to the laminar flow duct. The Venturi opening allows the cooling fans to cool a secondary set of systems or equipment, such as a set of disk drives or other equipment that need relatively minimal cooling effect.











BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS





FIG. 1

shows an isometric view of a laminar flow duct cooling system with a Venturi opening and a breakaway view of an airflow grille.





FIG. 2

shows a front view of a laminar flow duct with set of cooling fans attached.





FIG. 3

shows a right side view of a laminar flow duct with set of cooling fans attached.











DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT




In the following description, a preferred embodiment of the invention is described with regard to preferred process steps and geometries. Those skilled in the art would recognize after perusal of this application that embodiments of the invention can be implemented using cooling systems adapted to particular process steps and geometries described herein, and that implementation of the process steps and geometries described herein would not require undue experimentation or further invention.




System Elements





FIG. 1

shows an isometric view of a laminar flow duct with a Venturi opening. A cooling system


100


includes a plenum or laminar flow duct


110


including a Venturi opening


111


and a set of cooling fans


121


each encased in a fan housing


120


with each fan including a fan toroidal opening


122


. Additionally,

FIG. 1

shows a blind mate connection


140


and in a breakaway view an airflow grille


130


including grille opening pattern


131


and thumb screws


132


. The plenum or laminar flow duct


110


may be any geometry that defines an interior cavity through which air may be conducted via fan power. For example, possible geometries may include rectangular solids, cylindrical solids, or the like. Furthermore, the Venturi opening


111


may assume any geometry so long as the flow proximate to the set of cooling fans


121


remains laminar flow. Thus, possible geometries may include a rectangular slot, an elliptical slot, an array of slots or holes, or the like. Additionally, the geometries of the openings in the grille opening pattern


131


may include any of variety of shapes. Possible geometries may include square, rectangular, triangular, circular or elliptical shapes.




Method of Operation




In a preferred embodiment the laminar flow duct


110


is a rectangular solid, 3 to 5 inches in length, and defines an anterior end and a posterior end.

FIG. 2

shows a front view of a rectangular shaped laminar flow duct with a set of cooling fans


121


attached to its posterio end. Additionally,

FIG. 2

shows blind mate connection


140


which acts as a conduit for power and control signals for the set of cooling fans


121


.




As shown in

FIG. 3

, the airflow grille is connected to the anterior end of the laminar flow duct


110


, while the set of cooling fans are connected to the posterior end. The set of cooling fans


121


are disposed to receive incoming air which is channeled through the grille opening pattern


131


and sucked through the laminar flow duct


110


and through the Venturi opening


111


and blown to a region requiring cooling.




The breakaway view in

FIG. 1

shows a view of a laminar flow duct


110


with integral airflow grille


130


having grille opening pattern


131


. In a preferred embodiment airflow grille


130


is perforated sheet metal, grille opening pattern


131


has openings of rectangular shape and Venturi opening


111


is rectangular in shape. As air is sucked through the airflow grille


130


and plenum or laminar flow duct


110


it creates an area of low pressure at the Venturi opening


111


which in turn sucks air down through the Venturi opening


111


, into the laminar flow duct


110


and through the set of cooling fans


121


where it is blown to a region requiring cooling. Additionally, as air is sucked down through the Venturi opening


111


in a Venturi downdraft, an air stream parallel to that flowing through the laminar flow duct is created upstream from the Venturi opening


111


in the region above the section of the laminar flow duct


110


which contains the Venturi opening


111


. In a preferred embodiment the Venturi downdraft is 150 lfm.




This provides cooling not only in the region downstream from the set of cooling fans


121


but also in the region of the laminar flow duct


110


upstream from the Venturi opening


111


. The presence of two air streams, one at the output of the set of cooling fans


121


and one along the region of the laminar flow duct containing the Venturi opening


111


is advantageous in that components can be cooled both downstream and upstream from the set of cooling fans thus lending flexibility to component placement and box design. For example, in a preferred embodiment, a disk drive or other component that does not require a high flow rate for cooling may be placed in the air stream created by the Venturi downdraft.




The design of the cooling system


100


is such that the set of cooling fans


121


are redundant and only one is necessary to cool a given personal computer or electronic box. However, the presence of the additional fan decreases the load on the individual fans and thereby increases fan efficiency and fan life. Moreover, it adds redundancy to the cooling mechanism, when desired, so immediate attention is not needed in the case of any one fan failure.




Laminar flow duct


110


in addition to conducting the laminar flow air stream from the airflow grille


130


to the set of cooling fans


121


acts as a RF collimator and reduces emission spread. That is it acts to minimize EM noise. Similarly, the small grille opening pattern


131


wherein the size of the opening is small in comparison to the wavelength of the radiated EM noise provides better rejection of RF noise emission.




The length of the laminar flow duct


110


allows the incoming air to transition from turbulent flow to laminar flow. In addition, maintaining an overall grille opening pattern


131


area that is greater than or equal to the fan toroidal opening


122


contributes to laminar flow within the laminar flow duct


110


proximate to the set of cooling fans


121


and lengthens the zone of laminar flow from the zone proximate to the set of cooling fans


121


to the region proximate to the airflow grille


130


. The increased area of the grille opening pattern


131


also restricts airflow less than conventional airflow grilles and hence decreases back pressure thereby minimizing both fan bearing and motor stress and their concomitant mechanical noise.




ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENTS




Although preferred embodiments are disclosed herein, many variations are possible which remain within the concept, scope, and spirit of the invention, and these variations would become clear to those skilled in the art after perusal of this application.



Claims
  • 1. A cooling system which reduces aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise comprising:one or more cooling fans in a housing, each fan having a toroidal fan opening and disposed for providing positive airflow over a first planar region, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region; an airflow grille, defining a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis wherein said grille opening is equal to or greater than said toroidal fan opening such that aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise are minimized; and a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by a laminar flow duct wherein said laminar flow duct has a geometry of a rectangular solid such that said laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, said Venturi opening being operative in conjunction with said one or more cooling fans to provide airflow through said Venturi opening from a region both upstream and above a region of said laminar flow duct containing said Venturi opening wherein airflow is parallel to said first laminar flow region, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis, wherein said laminar flow duct acts as an RF collimator to reduce electromagnetic noise.
  • 2. A method for cooling electronics and minimizing aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise, including steps for:cooling incoming air with one or more cooling fans in a housing, disposed for providing positive airflow over a first planar region, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region; receiving air through an airflow grille which defines a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis; and receiving air through a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by a laminar flow duct, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis.
  • 3. A method for cooling electronics and minimizing aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise, including steps for:cooling incoming air with one or more cooling fans in a housing, each fan having a toroidal fan opening and disposed for providing positive airflow over a first planar region, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region; receiving air through an airflow grille which defines a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis wherein said grille opening is equal to or greater than said toroidal fan opening such that aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise are minimized; and receiving air through a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by a laminar flow duct wherein said laminar flow duct has a geometry of a rectangular solid such that said laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, said Venturi opening being operative in conjunction with said one or more cooling fans to provide airflow through said Venturi opening from a region both upstream and above a region of said laminar flow duct containing said Venturi opening wherein airflow is parallel to said first laminar flow region, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis wherein said laminar flow duct acts as an RF collimator to reduce electromagnetic noise.
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