1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to the packaging of a product in a heat-sealable pouch, and more particularly to caulking pinhole leaks to increase the freshness and shelf life of a packaged food product.
2. Description of Related Art
Many snack foods, like chips, pretzels, etc., are packaged in pouches formed of very thin packaging films. These pouches can be manufactured on vertical form, fill, and seal packaging machines that, as their name implies, forms a package, fills it with a product, and seals the filled package.
One such packaging machine is seen diagrammatically in
There are three main parameters of the sealing mechanism that are typically changed to correct improper sealing of a bag: temperature, pressure, and dwell time (the time the seal jaws are closed to form the seal). The materials used generally seal within a given range of temperatures, such as 375-425° F., although this range can vary, depending on the accompanying pressure and dwell time. Of these three variables, the pressure is generally set at the factory by a mechanic, and is not easily changeable. A typical pressure would be about 300 pounds of pressure across the entire facing, with the pressure generally fairly evenly distributed across the entire facing. Thus, for an eight-inch wide bag, there can be approximately eight square inches of packaging contacted when making the top/bottom seal or a pressure of about 37.5 pounds per square inch for a seal that is ½ inch wide.
Typical back seals formed using the film composition shown in
With reference to
In contrast to the factory-set pressure, the temperature and dwell time are operator decisions at the time the product is packaged. The operator will generally be familiar with the specific materials being used for a package and can vary the time and temperature parameters as needed to obtain an effective seal, within the constraints of the situation. One such constraint is that increasing the temperature past a given range for a material can result in burning, or melting a hole through the material. An additional constraint is the effective throughput of a machine, which can be affected by the dwell time. For instance, if a seal formed at a given temperature and pressure is not holding after 1/10 of a second, increasing the dwell time of the sealing mechanism to ⅕ second, or even ½ second, may significantly improve the seal, but it may also mean that the machine can only package a fraction of the product it can handle at a lower dwell time. A dwell time that requires additional machines to meet a production schedule is not an economic solution.
A typical film used for packaging snack foods is seen in
The OPP layers of the packaging material can be separately manufactured and formed into the final material on a laminator as seen in
Ideally, every seal on every package made from this film would be a hermetic, or leak-proof transverse seals, even under pressure changes. This is especially important with snack foods, so that flavor and freshness are preserved.
a shows a cross-section along the length of a pair of prior art crimper jaws 400 having a bag 450 with a fin seal that is about to be sealed between the jaws 400. In this drawing, the areas near the back seal and the gusset are enlarged to form
b shows a cross-section along the length of a pair of prior art crimper jaws 400 having a bag 450 with a lap seal that is about to be sealed between the jaws 400. In this drawing, the areas near the back seal and the gusset are enlarged to form
Lap seals are more desirable than fin seals for packaging because less material is required to make the same size package. Consequently, use of lap seals is more economical from a cost of packaging film standpoint. However, lap seals have a tendency to leak in the trouble areas. While it is probably impossible to totally eliminate leakers in the production line, the goal is always to achieve a vanishingly small number of them.
Consequently, a need exists to reduce the number of leaking packages produced in the production line without increasing dwell time, without modifications to the bag maker, and without increased costs.
The invention provides a multilayered film for a package which comprises a high melt characteristic polymer disposed between a first or outer facing layer and a second or product facing layer. In one aspect, the high melt characteristic polymer has properties such that a portion of the high melt polymer flows, upon application of heat and/or pressure from sealing jaws, into a void space created by overlapping layers. In one aspect, once the sealing jaws are removed, the high melt polymer solidifies and caulks a channel in the transverse seal that could otherwise provide communication between the inner package and the outer environment.
The multilayer film and food package is a substantial improvement over prior art laminate films. The film can be used on existing vertical form and fill machines with no modification to the machines. Similarly, the cost of the film of the present invention is substantially similar to the cost of prior art films. The present invention can thereby produce a package that can preserve and enhance the shelf life of food and non-food oxygen sensitive items.
The above as well as additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following written detailed description.
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
a is a schematic cross-section view of a tube of packaging illustrating the formation of a prior art fin seal.
b is a schematic cross-section view of a tube of packaging illustrating the formation of a prior art lap seal.
a shows the layers in a typical packaging material for snack foods.
b shows a laminator as it bonds two layers of film together.
a shows a top cross-section along the length of a pair of prior art crimper jaws having a bag with a fin seal that is about to be sealed between the jaws.
b shows a top cross-section along the length of a pair of prior art crimper jaws having a bag with a lap seal that is about to be sealed between the jaws.
c and 4d demonstrate the problem areas on a fin seal bag where pinhole leaks tend to occur.
e and 4f demonstrate the problem areas on a lap seal bag where pinhole leaks tend to occur.
a depicts an exaggerated cutaway perspective view of the laminate packaging film of the present invention and the direction of flow of the high melt polymer in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
b depicts an exaggerated top cross-section of the intersection of the three layers of laminate packaging films in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
The present invention provides a film layer for use in forming food packages, where the film layer has a high melt characteristic that flows into a void in a layer intersection area where the number of layers change at the transverse seal. Referring now to
The first skin layer 610 can be any olefin polymer known in the art including, but not limited to polyester, polyethylene including high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In one embodiment, the first skin layer comprises oriented polypropylene (OPP), which is well known in the art.
The second skin layer 660 can be any olefin polymer known in the art including, but not limited to polyester, polyethylene including HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, and PET. In one embodiment, the second skin layer comprises a metalized polymer such as polypropylene (PP) including OPP or metalized PET. Metalized polymer films are polymer films with a metal layer, such as aluminum, formed thereon. Methods for making metalized PP, metalized PET and other metalized polymer films are known.
The sealant layer 680 of the package wall functions to seal the open ends of the package. Typically, this sealant function is accomplished because of the temperature at which the package is finally formed. The sealant layer 680 is formed of a composition that melts at a lower temperature than the substances forming the other layers of the package wall. The melting of the sealant layer 680 seals the package, while the remaining layers of the package wall are not melted. Melting of the remaining layers of the package wall is not desirable because such melting would cause the package to stick to the machinery used to form the package, and would result in the formation of disfigured packages. The sealant layer 680 is typically comprised of a ter-polymer blend, namely, polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene. Other polymers and polymer blends may be used, however, as long as such blends allow for the sealant function. In one embodiment a sealant layer 680 disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,833,170 can be used.
a depicts an exaggerated cutaway perspective view of the laminate packaging film at the present invention and the direction of flow of the high melt polymer in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
The desired flow characteristics of the core layer 640 can be achieved with the proper combination of melt index and/or the melting point of the polymer. The melt index is a reflection of the molecular weight of the material or the length of its hydrocarbon chains. The longer the hydrocarbon chains, the higher the molecular weight, the more viscous and tough the material, and the lower the melt index. As used herein a melt index is measured by ASTM D-1238, at 190° C. under a total load of 2.16 kg. As the melt index of a polymer increases, its ability to flow increases as well. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, the core layer 640 comprises a high melt index polymer. As used herein, a high melt index is defined as a polyolefin resin having a melt index of between about 10 dg/min and about 50 dg/min. Several types of polyolefin polymer or polyolefin resins have such a melt index and include, but are not limited to LDPE resins, LLDPE resins, HDPE resins, and ethylene copolymers such as ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene methyl acrylic acid, ethylene acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. Manufacturers of such materials include Dow Chemical, Eastman Chemical, CP Chemical, and Westlake. In one embodiment, the core layer 640 comprises a polyolefin resin having a melt index of between about 10 dg/min and about 50 dg/min. In one embodiment, the core layer 640 comprises a polyolefin resin having a melt index of greater than about 13 dg/min. In one embodiment, the core layer 640 comprises a polyolefin resin having a melt index of less than about 20 dg/min.
In addition to melt index, a polymer having a lower melting point causes the polymer in the core layer 640 to flow earlier, which can facilitate flow into the void space and/or help to minimize required dwell times when sealing the laminate film. Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, the core layer 640 comprises a melting point of between about 60° C. and about 140° C.
The melting point of a polymer resin can be lowered by polymerization and the amount the melting point is lowered can be dependent upon the copolymer type or catalyst type that is used. Metallocene polyolefins are homogenous linear and substantially linear ethylene polymers prepared using single-site or metallocene catalysts. It is known that polyolefins made from supported metallocene catalyst systems tend to result in a polymers having lower melting point than would otherwise be obtained if the metallocene were not supported. Consequently, in one embodiment of the present invention, the core layer 640 comprises a metallocene polyolefin obtained by the copolymerization of an ethylene including HDPE or LLDPE with an alpha olefin such as 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
The amount of a polymer used in a laminate can be defined by the coating weight. As used herein, the coating weight is the weight of the polymer applied per unit area of application. In one embodiment, the core layer 640 comprises a high melt index polymer having a coating weight of between about 1 and about 14 pounds per ream. In one embodiment, the core layer 640 comprises a high melt index polymer having a coating weight of between about 4 and about 8 pounds per ream. In one embodiment, the core layer 640 comprises a high melt index polymer wherein the high melt index polymer is greater than about 0.1 mils thick. In one embodiment, the core layer 640 comprises a high melt index polymer wherein the high melt index polymer is less than about 1.0 mils thick. In one embodiment, the core layer 640 comprises a high melt index polymer between about 0.2 and about 0.6 mils thick.
In one embodiment, the proper combination of melt index and melting point can be provided by one or more polymer layers 642644646 within the core layer 640. For example, in one embodiment, the core layer 640 comprises a three layer co-extruded film having a high flow resin 644 or middle layer sandwiched between two layers 642646. In one embodiment, the layers 642646 comprise low density polyethylene. As used herein, a high flow resin corresponds to a resin having a high melt index. Using multiple layers permits the laminator to coextrude a high flow resin with a more extrusion stable material so that the packaging film can be manufactured efficiently while delivering the desired caulking effect during the subsequent sealing process.
The flexible thin films assembled in the embodiments of
One advantage of the present invention is the reduced oxygen transfer rate and greater shelf life. Such advantage is evidenced by the comparative Example provided below.
A commercially available prior art film was used to make several vending machine sized bags (“Control Set”) filled with LAYS brand potato chips on Day 0. The prior art film had a MARFLEX 1017 (available from Chevron Phillips Chemical) laminating resin or core layer with a melt index of 7 dg/min. Additional bags (“Test Set”) were made from the inventive film on Day 0 and also filled with LAYS brand potato chips. The inventive film used a MARFLEX 1019 (also available from Chevron Phillips Chemical) laminating resin or core layer with a melt index of 16 dg/min. The packages were stored in controlled storage conditions. For the first four weeks, the packages were stored at 85° F. at 80% relative humidity and were then stored at 73° F. at 50% relative humidity for the remainder of the test. Several bags from the Control Set and Test Set were tested for oxygen levels at Day 0, Day 14, Day 21, Day 28, Day 35, Day 42, Day 49, Day 56, Day 63, and Day 70. The averages for each of these test sets were graphically plotted.
It is also believed that the film of the present invention can also be useful in a fin seal package because the pressure and temperature provided by the sealing jaws during the sealing can cause a thinning of the thickness of the laminate film in areas where more layers are present and a thickening of the thickness of the laminate film in the adjacent area where there are fewer layers as the polymer flow within the core layer moves laterally, thus minimizing the capillary void space.
As used herein, the term “package” should be understood to include any food container made up of multi-layer thin films. The sealant layers, thin films, and films with a high melt core layer as discussed herein are particularly suitable for forming packages for snack foods such as potato chips, corn chips, tortilla chips and the like. However, while the layers and films discussed herein are contemplated for use in processes for the packaging of snack foods, such as the filling and sealing of bags of snack foods, the layers and films can also be put to use in processes for the packaging of other foods. While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.