Patent Application
20150203718
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a laminated film, an optical laminated film and a display device. Particularly, the invention relates to a laminated film that is favorably used as a component of a backlight unit of a liquid crystal display, an optical laminated film containing the laminated film, and a display device equipped with the optical laminated film.
2. Background Art
An optical laminated film having a prism sheet, a lens sheet, a diffusion sheet and the like is being widely used as a constitutional component of a backlight unit of a liquid crystal display device (such as a television set and a monitor). An optical laminated film contains many sheets including a prism sheet or a lens sheet that refracts incident light to a prescribed direction, a diffusion sheet that diffuses incident light by refracting variously, and the like. For example, Patent Reference 1 describes a backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device constituted by a diffusion sheet, a prism sheet, a lens sheet and the like that are laminated between a liquid crystal display panel and a light guide plate. In Patent Reference 1, an upper diffusion sheet and a lower diffusion sheet are disposed on an upper surface and a lower surface of a lens sheet, respectively.
As described above, an optical laminated film containing many sheets laminated on each other has been used in a backlight unit of a liquid crystal display device. In recent years, however, it is considered that the number of the laminated sheets is decreased for reducing the cost. For example, Patent Reference 2 describes that the number of the laminated sheets is decreased by the structure, in which a diffusion sheet is removed, and a backcoat film containing particles is provided on one surface of the support. In this structure, the backcoat film containing particles is provided to prevent formation of interference fringes, which are liable to occur due to the removal of the diffusion sheet.
Patent Reference 1: JP-A-2009-175646
Patent Reference 2: JP-T-2001-524225
However, in the case where an optical laminated film having no diffusion sheet as in Patent Reference 2 is used in a backlight unit of a liquid crystal display device, there is a problem that unevenness in iridescent color (iridescent unevenness) is formed on viewing the prism sheet in an oblique direction. The iridescent unevenness is caused by the wavelength dispersion of refractive index of the resin of the prism sheet, which is different from the interference fringes caused by the difference in refractive index of the laminated film.
It is considered to increase the content of the particles in the backcoat film for suppressing the formation of iridescent unevenness sufficiently. However, the increase of the content of the particles may provide a problem that the haze of the backcoat film is increased to lower the luminance. Accordingly, there has been a problem that both the problem of formation of iridescent unevenness and the problem of lowering the luminance of the backcoat film may not be solved simultaneously.
It is also considered to provide irregularity on the surface of the backcoat film for suppressing the formation of iridescent unevenness. For providing sufficient irregularity on the surface of the backcoat film, the backcoat film has been formed by using a coating solution containing particles of an acrylic resin or the like. However, the backcoat film that is formed by using the coating solution having been used by the ordinary method suffers a problem that the irregularity and the fluctuation thereof on the surface of the backcoat film may be increased to damage the other adjacent sheets and the light guide plate and also to damage the backcoat film itself.
For solving the problems in the related art, the present inventors have made investigation for providing an optical laminated film having a prism sheet that is sufficiently suppressed in the formation of iridescent unevenness and has a high luminance. In addition, the inventors have made investigation for providing a laminated film that is suppressed in the irregularity on the surface of the backcoat film within a prescribed range.
As a result of earnest investigations for solving the problems, the inventors have found that in a laminated film having a support and a backcoat film, irregularity (undulation) within a desired range may be imparted to the backcoat film by defining the compositional ratio of the constitutional components of the silicon-containing resin contained in the backcoat film and by defining the volume average particle diameter of the matting agent to a suitable range. According to the constitution, the backcoat film of the invention may prevent iridescent unevenness without decreasing the luminance. Specifically, the invention includes the following aspects.
(1) A laminated film containing a support and a backcoat film on the support, wherein the backcoat film contains a silicon-containing resin, a matting agent and a surfactant, the silicon-containing resin contains a condensate of a silane coupling agent, the silane coupling agent contains a tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and a trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane, a molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane is from 25/75 to 85/15, a volume average particle diameter r of the matting agent and an average thickness t of the backcoat film satisfies the relationship t<r, and a content of inorganic fine particles in the backcoat film is 20% or less.
(2) The laminated film according to the item (1), wherein the silane coupling agent contains a tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and a trifunctional alkoxysilane, and a molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional alkoxysilane is from 25/75 to 85/15.
(3) The laminated film according to the item (1) or (2), wherein the trifunctional alkoxysilane is an alkoxysilane having an epoxy group.
(4) The laminated film according to the item (3), wherein the trifunctional alkoxysilane is 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane.
(5) The laminated film according to any one of the items (1) to (4), wherein the laminated film further contains an intermediate backcoat film between the support and the backcoat film.
(6) The laminated film according to any one of the items (1) to (5), wherein the laminated film has a haze value of from 3 to 30%.
(7) The laminated film according to any one of the items (1) to (6), wherein the backcoat film has a surface that has a ten-point average roughness Rz satisfying the relationship Rz<1 μm.
(8) A method for producing a laminated film, containing coating a coating solution containing a silane coupling agent, a matting agent having a volume average particle diameter r, and a surfactant, on a support, to form a backcoat film having a thickness t, wherein the silane coupling agent contains a tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and a trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane, a molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane is from 25/75 to 85/15, the value r and the value t satisfying the relationship t<r, and a content of inorganic fine particles in the coating solution is 20% or less.
(9) The method for producing a laminated film according to the item (8), wherein the coating solution contains a condensate of the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane.
(10) The method for producing a laminated film according to the item (8) or (9), wherein the forming of the backcoat film contains condensing at least a part of a hydrolyzate of the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane and then condensing a hydrolyzate of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane.
(11) The method for producing a laminated film according to the item (9) or (10), wherein the coating solution contains the condensate in an amount of from 70 to 99% based on the solid mass except for the matting agent.
(12) A laminated film that is produced by the method according to any one of the items (8) to (11).
(13) An optical laminated film containing a support of the laminated film according to any one of the items (1) to (7) and (12), and on a surface of the support of the laminated film opposite to the surface having the backcoat film laminated thereon, an easily adhesive layer and a prism layer laminated in this order.
(14) A display device containing the optical laminated film according to the item (13).
According to the invention, an optical laminated film having a prism sheet may be prevented from suffering iridescent unevenness, and a laminated film having a high luminance may be obtained. Accordingly, the laminated film of the invention may be favorably used in a display device, such as a liquid crystal display device.
According to the invention, furthermore, a laminated film having irregularity on the surface of the backcoat film that is controlled within a prescribed range may be obtained. Accordingly, the laminated film of the invention may have irregularity that is necessary to prevent the formation of iridescent unevenness, but the other adjacent sheets and the light guide plate may not be damaged, and the backcoat film itself may not be damaged.
The invention will be described in detail below. The descriptions for the constitutional elements shown below may be based on representative embodiments and specific examples, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments. The numerical range herein expressed with numerical values includes the numerical values as the lower limit and the upper limit. The term (meth)acrylate means both acrylate and methacrylate.
The invention relates to a laminated film.
The laminated film of the invention is a laminated film that has a support and a backcoat film on the support. The backcoat film contains a silicon-containing resin, a matting agent and a surfactant. The silicon-containing resin contains a condensate of a silane coupling agent condensed. The silane coupling agent contains a tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and a trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane, and the molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane is from 25/75 to 85/15. The volume average particle diameter r of the matting agent and an average thickness t of the backcoat film satisfies the relationship t<r. The content of inorganic fine particles in the backcoat film is 20% or less.
The laminated film of the invention may have a haze value that is not excessively large, due to the aforementioned structure. The haze value of the backcoat film may be 35% or less, preferably from 3 to 30%, more preferably from 6 to 30%, and further preferably from 6 to 20%.
In the case where the laminated film of the invention is used in an optical laminated film having a prism sheet, the optical laminated film may be sufficiently suppressed from suffering iridescent unevenness. The backcoat film of the invention has a low haze value, and thus the laminated film and the optical laminated film may be in a state with a high luminance. Accordingly, the laminated film of the invention is favorably used in a display device, such as a liquid crystal display device.
The irregularity on the surface of the laminated film on the side of the backcoat film is in a prescribed range, and thus high scratch resistance may be achieved. Specifically, even though the backcoat film is in contact with the other adjacent sheets, the contact surfaces of the backcoat film itself and the other adjacent sheets may be prevented from being damaged. The backcoat film may not damage the other adjacent sheets and the light guide plate while the backcoat film has irregularity that is necessary to prevent iridescent unevenness.
The backcoat film according to the invention contains a silicon-containing resin, a matting agent and a surfactant. The silicon-containing resin contains a condensate of a silane coupling agent condensed, the silane coupling agent contains a tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and a trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane, and the molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane is from 25/75 to 85/15. The content of inorganic fine particles in the backcoat film is 20% or less.
The material used in the silane coupling agent is preferably a water soluble or water dispersible material. The use of a water soluble or water dispersible material is particularly preferred from the standpoint of reducing environmental pollution due to VOC (volatile organic compounds).
The silane coupling agent contains a tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and a trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane. As for the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane, either one of the trifunctional and bifunctional alkoxysilanes may be contained, and a mixture of the trifunctional and bifunctional alkoxysilanes may be contained. In the invention, particularly, a trifunctional alkoxysilane is preferably contained, and the molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional alkoxysilane is preferably from 25/75 to 85/15.
The silane coupling agent has a hydrolyzable group, such as a tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and a trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane. The hydrolyzable group is hydrolyzed in an acidic aqueous solution to form silanol, and silanol molecules are condensed with each other to form an oligomer.
The trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane may be a trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane that is represented by the following general formula (1):
Rn+1Si(OR1)3-n (1)
wherein R represents an organic group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms that does not contain an amino group; R1 represents an alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms, such as a methyl group and an ethyl group; and n represents 0 or 1.
Preferred examples of the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane represented by the general formula (1) include vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, propyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, propylmethyldimethoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethylmethyldiethoxysilane, vinylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, chloropropylmethyldiethoxysilane, propylmethyldiethoxysilane, phenylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-2-[2-(methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethylurethane, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl-2-[2-(methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethylurethane, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-2-[2-(methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propylurethane, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl-2-[2-(methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propylurethane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane.
Among these, the trialkoxysilane, wherein n is 0, is more preferred, examples of which include 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-2-[2-(methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethylurethane, and 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-2-[2-(methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propyl urethane.
The trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane represented by the general formula (1) does not contain an amino group as a functional group. That is, the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane has an organic group R that does not contain an amino group. In the case where the R has an amino group, dehydration condensation among silanols formed on mixing and hydrolysis with the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane may be accelerated. This is not preferred since a coating solution for the backcoat film may be unstable.
R in the general formula (1) may be an organic group having a molecular chain length with the number of carbon atoms in a range of from 1 to 15. When the number of carbon atoms is 15 or less, the backcoat film may not be excessively flexible but may have sufficient hardness. The number of carbon atoms of R is more preferably from 3 to 15, and further preferably from 5 to 13. When the number of carbon atoms of R is in the range, a backcoat film that is further improved in brittleness may be obtained. In the case where an intermediate backcoat film is provided as described later, the adhesiveness between the intermediate backcoat film and the backcoat film may be enhanced.
The organic group represented by R preferably has a hetero atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. When the organic group has a hetero atom, the adhesiveness to the intermediate backcoat film may be further enhanced. In particular, the organic group R preferably has an epoxy group, an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, an ester group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group and the like. Among these, the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane that has an epoxy group is particularly preferred since it has an effect of enhancing the stability of silanol in acidic water. The trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane that has an epoxy group may impart sufficient hardness to the backcoat film while imparting suitable flexibility thereof.
In the general formula (1), R1 represents an alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms. R1 particularly preferably represents a methyl group or an ethyl group. When R1 is an alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms, the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane may have enhanced hydrophilicity, which may accelerate hydrolysis in an aqueous solution.
In the general formula (1), n represents 0 or 1. When n is 0, the compound represented by the general formula (1) is a trifunctional alkoxysilane, and when n is 1, the compound is a bifunctional alkoxysilane. The trifunctional alkoxysilane and the bifunctional alkoxysilane may be used as a mixture thereof.
The use of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane as a component of the coating solution for the backcoat film may increase the crosslinking density formed through dehydration condensation of silanol formed by hydrolysis of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane with the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane represented by the general formula (1). The increase of the crosslinking density may impart sufficient hardness to the backcoat film.
While the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane is not particularly limited, ones having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred, and tetramethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane are particularly preferred. When the number of carbon atoms thereof is 4 or less, the hydrolysis rate of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane may not be too low on mixing with acidic water, and the period of time required to dissolve to form a uniform aqueous solution may be shortened. Accordingly, the production efficiency may be enhanced.
The molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane contained in the backcoat film according to the invention may be from 25/75 to 85/15, preferably from 30/70 to 80/20, more preferably from 30/70 to 65/35, and further preferably from 45/55 to 65/35. When the molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane contained in the backcoat film is in the range, the polymerization degree of the silane coupling agent may be controlled to a desired range. Accordingly, iridescent unevenness may be prevented from occurring while preventing the haze from being increased.
Examples of the matting agent include organic resin fine particles and inorganic fine particles. In the invention, the matting agent is defined as particles having a primary particle diameter or a volume average particle diameter of an agglomerate thereof is 500 nm or more. The matting agent is preferably translucent particles.
Examples of the matting agent include silica, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, aluminum oxide, polystyrene, a polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate, crosslinked polymethyl methacrylate, a styrene-acrylic copolymer, melamine, and benzoguanamine, and an agglomerate of particles may also be used. At least one kind of particles selected from the group consisting of melamine resin particles, hollow particles, polystyrene resin particles, styrene-acrylic copolymer resin particles, polymethyl methacrylate, crosslinked polymethyl methacrylate, and silicone resin particles may be preferably used, and particles formed of primary particles are preferably used from the standpoint of controlling the surface roughness.
A mixture of two or more kinds of particles having different particle diameters may be used as the matting agent. In particular, when the difference in volume average particle diameter between at least two kinds of particles among two or more kinds of particles is 1 μm or more, agglomeration of the particles may be reduced. According to the constitution, the particles may be improved in dispersibility, and thereby the appearance of the film surface may be improved.
The matting agent used may contain two or more kinds of particles formed of different kinds of materials simultaneously. For example, by providing a difference in refractive index among the particles, the front luminance and the prevention of iridescent unevenness may be achieved simultaneously, and the appearance of the film surface may be improved.
The volume average particle diameter r of the matting agent is preferably from 0.4 to 3.0 μm or less, more preferably from 0.7 to 3.0 μm or less, and further preferably from 1.0 to 3.0 μm or less.
As shown in
As shown in
The volume average particle diameter of the matting agent may be obtained as the equivalent sphere diameter of the equivalent circle average diameter obtained from the average value of the projected areas thereof in the image of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) (obtained for at least 100 particles). The average thickness t of the backcoat film 11 may be obtained in such a manner that a coating solution that is produced without the component of the matting agent is coated and dried to forma simulated film, which is imaged for the cross section thereof with SEM at the number of positions capable of measuring the thickness without fluctuation, and the average value of the thickness values measured at the positions is obtained. In the case where the formulation of the coated film formed without the matting agent is equivalent, the thickness may be conveniently obtained in such a manner that the amount of Si, which is the major component of the coated film, is measured by a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (Axios, produced by Panalytical), and with the SEM thickness and the Si measured values of the simulated film evaluated in advance, the thickness of the actual film containing the matting agent may be calculated in proportion from the Si value thereof measured by the fluorescent X-ray analyzer.
In the invention, furthermore, the volume average particle diameter r of the matting agent and the average thickness t of the backcoat film preferably satisfy the relationship r/4≦t<r. When the relationship r/4≦t<r is satisfied, the drop between the concave part and the convex part of the irregularity formed on the surface of the backcoat film 11 may be suppressed to a certain range. According to the structure, the other adjacent sheets and the light guide plate may be prevented from being damaged while providing the irregularity that is necessary to suppress iridescent unevenness from occurring. Furthermore, the backcoat film itself may be prevented from being damaged due to contact of the backcoat film with the other sheets and the like.
The ten-point average roughness Rz of the backcoat film preferably satisfies the relationship Rz<1 μm. The relationship 0.3≦Rz≦0.9 is more preferred, and the relationship 0.3≦Rz≦S 0.8 is further preferred. When Rz is in the range, the other adjacent sheets and the light guide plate may be prevented from being damaged, and the backcoat film itself may be prevented from being damaged.
The fluctuation of Rz σ(Rz) may be less than 0.1, preferably less than 0.08, and more preferably 0.05 or less. The value σ(Rz)/Rz may be less than 0.12, preferably 0.08 or less, and more preferably 0.05 or less. When the values σ(Rz) and σ(Rz)/Rz are in the ranges, the other adjacent sheets and the light guide plate may be prevented from being damaged, and the backcoat film itself may be prevented from being damaged.
Examples of the inorganic fine particles include metal fine particles having electroconductivity and metal oxide fine particles. Specific examples of the metal include antimony, selenium, titanium, tungsten, tin, zinc, indium, and zirconium, and specific examples of the metal oxide include antimony oxide, selenium oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO (tin oxide doped with antimony), phosphorus-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide, zinc antimonate, tin-doped indium oxide, and silica. Among these, colloidal silica is preferably used from the standpoint of crosslinking to the silane coupling agent.
The colloidal silica is colloid of silicon dioxide or a hydrate thereof dispersed in water, and the average particle diameter of the colloid particles may be in a range of from 3 to 300 nm. The average particle diameter of the colloid particles is preferably in a range of from 4 to 50 nm, more preferably in a range of from 4 to 40 nm, and particularly preferably in a range of from 5 to 35 nm.
The colloidal silica more preferably has pH adjusted to a range of from 2 to 7 at the time of addition thereof to the coating solution for the backcoat film. When the pH is from 2 to 7, the stability of silanol as a hydrolyzate of the alkoxysilane may be improved, and the increase in viscosity of the coating solution due to fast progress of the dehydration condensation reaction of the silanol may be suppressed more definitely, as compared to the case where the pH is less than 2 or more than V.
The inorganic fine particles are contained in the backcoat film in an amount of 20% or less based on the solid mass except for the matting agent. The amount of the inorganic fine particles is preferably in a range of 20% or less based on the hydrolyzate of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane of the general formula (1) as 100%. The inorganic fine particles may not be contained in the backcoat film, and the amount thereof may be 0%. The content of the inorganic fine particles may be 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and further preferably 5% or less. When the content of the inorganic fine particles is in the range, the irregular shape on the surface at the edge of the matting agent formed on curing the coated film may be spread widely, and thus the irregularity on the surface may be formed with a small amount of the matting agent.
The backcoat film of the invention contains a surfactant. The surfactant used is preferably an anionic surfactant and/or a cationic surfactant.
Examples of the anionic surfactant include a higher fatty acid salt, such as potassium stearate and potassium behenate, an alkyl ether carboxylate salt, such as sodium POE lauryl ether carboxylate, an N-acyl-L-glutamate salt, such as monosodium N-stearoyl-L-glutamate, a higher alkyl sulfate ester salt, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and potassium lauryl sulfate, an alkyl ether sulfate ester salt, such as triethanolamine POE lauryl sulfate and sodium POE lauryl sulfate, an N-acylsarcosinate salt, such as sodium lauroylsarcosinate, a higher fatty acid amidosulfonate salt, such as sodium N-myristoyl-N-methyltaurine, an alkyl phosphate salt, such as sodium stearylphosphate, an alkyl ether phosphate salt, such as sodium POE oleyl ether phosphate and sodium POE stearyl ether phosphate, a sulfosuccinate salt, such as sodium di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate, sodium monolauroylmonoethanolamide polyoxyethylene sulfosuccinate and sodium laurylpolypropylene glycol sulfosuccinate, an alkylbenzenesulfonate salt, such as sodium linear dodecylbenzenesulfonate, triethanolamine linear dodecylbenzenesulfonate, linear dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and dodecyldiphenyl ether disulfonic acid, and a higher fatty acid ester sulfate ester salt, such as sodium hydrogenated palm oil fatty acid glycerin sulfate.
Examples of the cationic surfactant include an alkyltrimethylammonium salt, such as stearyltrimethylammonium chloride and lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, a dialkyldimethylammonium salt, such as distearyldimethylammonium chloride, an alkylpyridinium salt, such as poly(N,N-dimethyl-3,5-methylenepiperidinium) chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride, an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt, an alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salt, an alkylisoquinolinium salt, a dialkylmorphlinium salt, a POE alkylamine, an alkylamine salt, a polyamine fatty acid derivative, an amyl alcohol fatty acid derivative, benzalkonium chloride, and benzethonium chloride. The use of the surfactant suppresses agglomeration of the particles during the drying process of the coated film, and a uniform surface irregularity may be provided.
The coating solution for the backcoat film may contain a curing agent, and the curing agent is preferably water soluble. The curing agent may accelerate dehydration condensation of silanol to accelerate formation of a siloxane bond. Examples of the water soluble curing agent include an inorganic acid, an organic acid, an organic acid salt, an inorganic acid salt, a metal alkoxide, and a metal complex, that are water soluble.
Preferred examples of the inorganic acid include boric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. Preferred examples of the organic acid include acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and ascorbic acid. Preferred examples of the organic acid salt include aluminum acetate, aluminum oxalate, zinc acetate, zinc oxalate, magnesium acetate, magnesium oxalate, zirconium acetate, and zirconium oxalate. Preferred examples of the inorganic acid salt include aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, zirconium chloride, zirconium sulfate, and zirconium nitrate.
Preferred examples of the metal alkoxide include aluminum alkoxide, titanium alkoxide, and zirconium alkoxide. Preferred examples of the metal complex include aluminum acetylacetonate, aluminum ethyl acetoacetate, titanium acetylacetonate, and titanium ethyl acetoacetate.
Among the curing agents, a compound containing boron, a compound containing phosphorus, and a compound containing aluminum, such as boric acid, phosphoric acid, aluminum alkoxide, and aluminum acetylacetonate, are preferred from the standpoint of the water solubility and the stability in water, and at least one kind thereof may be preferably used as a curing agent.
The curing agent is preferably mixed and dissolved uniformly in the coating solution, and is preferably dissolved in water as a solvent for the coating solution for the backcoat film in the invention from the standpoint of ensuring the transparency of the resin film. This is because in the case where the solubility in water is low, the curing agent may remain in the form of solid in the coating solution and also remain as foreign matters after drying the coated film, and thus a backcoat film having low transparency may be formed in some cases.
The amount of the curing agent is preferably in a range of from 0.1 to 20%, more preferably in a range of from 0.5 to 10%, and particularly preferably in a range of from 0.5 to 8%, based on the total alkoxysilanes including the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane represented by the general formula (1) as 100%.
The backcoat film preferably has a surface resistivity of from 108 to 1012Ω per square at 25° C. and 40% RH. When the surface resistivity at 25° C. and 40% RH is in the range, the optical laminated film may be imparted with an antistatic function, and thereby foreign matters may be prevented from being attached to the surface of the laminated film.
When foreign matters are attached to the surface of the laminated film, the foreign matter may inhibit UV light, which is light used for irradiation for curing for formation of the prism layer, from being transmitted. The inhibition of the transmission of UV light may cause partial failure of curing of the prism layer, which may be defects. In this case, the yield ratio of the laminated film may be deteriorated. Furthermore, the period of time for curing the uniform prism layer of the laminated film may be prolonged, which may deteriorate the production efficiency. Accordingly, the backcoat film preferably has a surface resistivity of from 108 to 1012Ω per square at 25° C. and 40% RH, thereby imparting the antistatic function to the laminated film.
For imparting the antistatic function to the laminated film, an ionic antistatic agent, such as cationic, anionic and betaine antistatic agents, is preferably added to the coating solution for the backcoat film. Among these, a betaine compound having an imidazolium skeleton, such as 2-alkyl-N-carboxyethyl-N-hydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine, is preferred. Instead of or in addition to the ionic antistatic agent, fine particles formed of an electroconductive metal oxide, such as tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide and antimony oxide, may be used.
For controlling the surface characteristics, particularly the friction coefficient, of the laminated film, wax may be added to the coating solution for the backcoat film.
Examples of the wax used include paraffin wax, micro wax, polyethylene wax, polyester wax, carnauba wax, a fatty acid, a fatty acid amide, and a metal soap.
As shown in
The intermediate backcoat film 11a may be generally formed by coating a coating solution containing a binder, a curing agent and a surfactant on the surface of the support 12. The materials used in the intermediate backcoat film 11a may be materials that are suitably selected for fixing the matting agent 15 to the support 12. Furthermore, a binder having a self-crosslinking function may be used without the use of the curing agent.
The binder used in the intermediate backcoat film is not particularly limited, and from the standpoint of the adhesion force to the support, at least one of polyester, polyurethane, an acrylic resin, and a styrene-butadiene copolymer is preferred. A binder that has water solubility or water dispersibility is particularly preferred from the standpoint of reduction of the environmental load.
The intermediate backcoat film may contain metal oxide particles exhibiting electroconductivity through electron conduction. The metal oxide particles may be an ordinary metal oxide, and examples thereof include ZnO, TiO2, SnO2, Al2O3, In2O3, MgO, BaO, MoO3, composite oxides thereof, and metal oxides formed of these oxides containing a small amount of a different element. Among these metal oxides, SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, and In2O3 are preferred, and SnO2 is particularly preferred. Instead of the metal oxide particles exhibiting electroconductivity through electron conduction, an electroconductive polymer having π-electron conjugated system, such as a polythiophene polymer, may be contained.
The addition of one of the metal oxide particles exhibiting electroconductivity through electron conduction and the electroconductive polymer having a π-electron conjugated system to the intermediate backcoat film may control the surface resistivity of the intermediate backcoat film to 1012Ω per square or less. Accordingly, the laminated film may have a sufficient antistatic function, by which dust and dirt may be prevented from being adsorbed thereto.
For controlling the refractive index of the intermediate backcoat film, fine particles formed of a metal oxide may be contained in the intermediate backcoat film. The metal oxide is preferably one having a high refractive index, such as tin oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, and niobium oxide. This is because a metal oxide having a higher refractive index may change the refractive index with a smaller amount thereof. The particle diameter of the fine particles of a metal oxide is preferably in a range of from 1 to 50 nm, and particularly preferably in a range of from 2 to 40 nm. The amount of the fine particles of a metal oxide may be appropriately determined depending on the target refractive index, and the fine particles are contained in the intermediate backcoat film in an amount preferably in a range of from 10 to 90%, and particularly preferably in a range of from 30 to 80%, based on the translucent resin as 100%. The intermediate backcoat film preferably has a refractive index in a range of from 1.4 to 1.8.
The intermediate backcoat film preferably has a thickness of from 0.05 to 0.3 μm. When the thickness of the intermediate backcoat film is 0.3 μm or less, interference unevenness caused by the minute changes of the thickness of the backcoat film may be suppressed. When the thickness of the intermediate backcoat film is 0.05 μm or more, the easily adhesive property may be exhibited. The intermediate backcoat film may retain the matting agent partially.
In the case where the intermediate backcoat film lie is provided on the backcoat film 11 as shown in
As shown in
The support may be produced by forming a polymer compound into a film shape by a melt film forming method or a solution film forming method. As the polymer compound used for the support, a transparent compound may be used. Examples of the support include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), a polyarylate compound, a polyether sulfone, polycarbonate, polyether ketone, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, a polyester liquid crystal polymer, triacetyl cellulose, a cellulose derivative, polypropylene, a polyamide compound, polyimide, and a polycycloolefin compound.
Among these, PET, PEN, triacetyl cellulose, and a cellulose derivative are preferred, and PET and PEN are particularly preferred.
The support used is preferably a biaxially stretched polymer film. The biaxially stretched polymer film may be obtained in such a manner that a polymer compound in the form of a long film is stretched in two directions perpendicular to each other, i.e., the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction. In the invention, a film obtained by biaxially stretching a PET or PEN film is particularly preferably used as the support from the standpoint of the elastic modulus and the transparency.
At least of one surface and the other surface of the support is preferably subjected to a corona discharge treatment. The one surface and/or the other surface of the support may be hydrophilized by the corona discharge treatment, thereby having enhanced wettability to various aqueous coating solutions. A functional group, such as a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group, may be introduced thereto. Accordingly, the adhesion force of one surface of the support to an easily adhesive layer, or the other surface of the support to the backcoat film may be further enhanced.
The support preferably has a thickness of from 50 to 350 μm. When the thickness is in the range, the laminated film that has a thickness suitable for a constitutional component of a backlight unit may be obtained.
The support preferably has a refractive index of from 1.40 to 1.80 while the value depends on the material used. When the refractive index is in the range, the support may have excellent rigidity as a base material and simultaneously may provide a laminated film excellent in transparency.
As shown in
The easily adhesive layer may be generally formed by coating a coating solution containing a binder, a curing agent and a surfactant on one surface of the support. The materials used in the easily adhesive layer may be preferably materials that are suitably selected for enhancing the adhesion force to the prism layer. The easily adhesive layer may appropriately contain organic or inorganic fine particles.
The binder used in the easily adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and at least one of polyester, polyurethane, an acrylic resin, a styrene-butadiene copolymer, and a polyolefin resin is preferred from the standpoint of the adhesion force. A binder that has water solubility or water dispersibility is particularly preferred from the standpoint of reduction of the environmental load.
The easily adhesive layer may contain metal oxide particles exhibiting electroconductivity through electron conduction. The metal oxide particles may be an ordinary metal oxide, and examples thereof include ZnO, TiO2, SnO2, Al2O3, In2O3, MgO, BaO, MoO3, composite oxides thereof, and metal oxides formed of these oxides containing a small amount of a different element. Among these metal oxides, SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, and In2O3 are preferred, and SnO2 is particularly preferred. Instead of the metal oxide particles exhibiting electroconductivity through electron conduction, an electroconductive polymer having a π-electron conjugated system, such as a polythiophene polymer, may be contained.
The addition of one of the metal oxide particles exhibiting electroconductivity through electron conduction and the electroconductive polymer having a π-electron conjugated system to the easily adhesive layer may control the surface resistivity of the easily adhesive layer to 1012Ω per square or less. Accordingly, the optical laminated film may have a sufficient antistatic function, by which dust and dirt may be prevented from being adsorbed thereto.
For controlling the refractive index of the easily adhesive layer, fine particles formed of a metal oxide may be contained in the easily adhesive layer. The metal oxide is preferably one having a high refractive index, such as tin oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, and niobium oxide. This is because a metal oxide having a higher refractive index may change the refractive index with a smaller amount thereof. The particle diameter of the fine particles of a metal oxide is preferably in a range of from 1 to 50 nm, and particularly preferably in a range of from 2 to 40 nm. The amount of the fine particles of a metal oxide may be appropriately determined depending on the target refractive index, and the fine particles are contained in the easily adhesive layer in an amount preferably in a range of from 10 to 90%, and particularly preferably in a range of from 30 to 80%, based on the easily adhesive layer as 100%.
The thickness of the easily adhesive layer may be controlled by adjusting the coated amount of the coating solution for forming the easily adhesive layer. For exhibiting excellent adhesion force with high transparency, the thickness thereof is preferably constant within a range of from 0.01 to 5 μm. When the thickness is 0.01 μm or more, the adhesion force may be definitely enhanced as compared to the case where the thickness is less than 0.01 μm. When the thickness is 5 μm or less, the easily adhesive layer may be formed with a more uniform thickness as compared to the case where the thickness is larger than 5 μm. Furthermore, increase in the amount of the coating solution used may be suppressed to prevent the drying time from being prolonged, thereby preventing the cost being increased. The thickness of the easily adhesive layer is more preferably in a range of from 0.02 to 3 μm. Two or more layers of the easily adhesive layers may be laminated within the aforementioned range of the thickness.
The lens layer has a large number of minute prisms disposed thereon for enhancing the luminance on the display surface, and has a function of focusing light from the light guide plate and the diffuser plate. Examples of the lens layer include a microlens layer, a prism layer, and a lenticular lens layer. Among these, a prism layer is particularly preferably used. The lens layer has a large number of minute prisms disposed thereon for enhancing the luminance on the display surface, and focuses light from the light guide plate and the diffuser plate.
a) and 2(b) show an optical laminated film 20 containing a laminated film having a backcoat film 11, a support 12 and an easily adhesive layer 13 laminated in this order, having further laminated thereon a prism layer 17. The backcoat film 11 of the optical laminated film 20 may have a single layer structure as shown in
The prism layer is preferably formed by a post-process step on an easily adhesive layer provided on the support. The optical laminated film has a light transmittance in a range of from 70 to 100% for light having a wavelength of 340 nm in the light incident from the side of the backcoat film. Accordingly, the post-process step for providing the prism layer may be shortened as compared to an ordinary process.
There are a case where the prism layer is formed by an embossing method and a case where it is formed by a cast molding polymerization method. A cast molding polymerization method having higher productivity is generally employed.
In the cast molding polymerization method, in general, a film formed of a UV-curable compound capable of being cured with a UV ray (ultraviolet ray) is formed into a prescribed shape, and the compound is cured with a UV ray while retaining the shape, so as to provide plural rows of prisms having a prescribed cross sectional shape as the prism layer. In the case where the prism layer is formed by the cast molding polymerization method, in general, a material containing as a major component a monomer, an oligomer or a polymer having a radical-polymerizable double bond is used, and furthermore a polymerization initiator is added thereto. Examples of the monomer, or oligomer having a radical-polymerizable double bond include an acrylic monomer and an acrylic oligomer. The cast molding polymerization method is preferred rather than the embossing method from the standpoint of the mass productivity, and among the cast molding polymerization methods, a cast molding polymerization method that uses an UV-curable compound is preferred.
In general, a metal halide lamp used for UV curing has a major emission wavelength in a range of from 340 to 400 nm, and a high-pressure mercury lamp has a major emission wavelength of 365 nm. As for the light transmittance of the optical laminated film that is required to have transparency in the visible region, there is a tendency that the transmittance is lower at a shorter wavelength within a range of from 340 to 400 nm. Therefore, the light transmittance for at least light of 340 nm is preferably from 70 to 100%. In particular, the light transmittance is preferably from 70 to 100% in overall range of from 340 to 400 nm. When the transmittance for light having a wavelength of 340 nm is 70% or more, a UV ray, which is radiated with a metal halide lamp or a high-pressure mercury lamp on the side of the backcoat film for providing the prism layer through UV curing on one surface of the support, may be prevented from being absorbed in the optical laminated film. Accordingly, the intensity of the UV ray that contributes to curing for providing the prism layer may be prevented from being reduced. As a result, the efficiency of curing the prism layer may be enhanced. When the curing efficiency is lowered, there may be a problem that the curing time required to provide a prescribed cured state may be prolonged, and the productivity of the optical film may be deteriorated. If the curing time is not prolonged, the prism layer may be insufficiently cured, and the prism layer may have insufficient scratch resistance.
The optical laminated films shown in
The invention relates to a laminated film 10 containing a backcoat film 11 and a support 12. As shown in
The invention also relates to an optical laminated film 20 having an easily adhesive layer 13, and a prism layer 17 and/or a lens layer, which are further laminated on the laminated film 10.
A display device may contain the optical laminated film 20, a liquid crystal panel unit disposed on the side of the prism layer 17 of the optical laminated film 20, a light guide plate disposed on side of the transparent layer 11 of the optical laminated film 20, and the like. Instead of the light guide plate, a direct type backlight or the like may be used. The display device may further contain, in addition to these, such sheets as a prism sheet, a microlens sheet and a reflective sheet. The combination of various sheets and the like may be variously configured depending on the target specification of the display device.
The invention relates to a method for producing a laminated film, containing a step of forming a backcoat film having a thickness t by coating a coating solution containing a silane coupling agent, a matting agent having a volume average particle diameter r, and a surfactant, on a support. The silane coupling agent contains a tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and a trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane, and the molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane is from 25/75 to 85/15. The value r and the value t satisfy the relationship t<r. The content of inorganic fine particles in the coating solution is 20% or less.
The coating solution coated on the support preferably contains a hydrolyzate formed through low molecular weight condensation of the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane. When the coating solution contains a hydrolyzate formed through low molecular weight condensation of the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane, the polymerization degree of the silane coupling agent may be controlled to a desired range. Accordingly, iridescent unevenness may be prevented from occurring without increase of the haze.
The polycondensation reaction of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane may be largely suppressed in such a manner that the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane is hydrolyzed in water under condition of pH of from 2 to 7 with an external temperature controlled to 30° C., and then the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane is hydrolyzed under the same external temperature condition. Furthermore, the resulting reaction liquid is preferably stored at a low temperature. According to the procedures, a long-term storing stability may be imparted to the liquid.
The content of the condensate of the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane contained in the coating solution is preferably from 70 to 99% based on the solid mass except for the matting agent. When the content of the condensate contained in the coating solution is in the range, the polymerization degree of the silane coupling agent may be controlled more precisely. According to the procedures, sufficient hardness may be imparted to the backcoat film while imparting suitable flexibility thereto. Furthermore, excellent scratch resistance may be obtained.
The step of forming a backcoat film may contain a step of hydrolyzing at least a part of the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane and then hydrolyzing the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane. At least a part of the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane is preferably hydrolyzed before hydrolyzing the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane, and at least a part of the hydrolyzate of the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane is preferably condensed before condensing the hydrolyzate of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane.
A laminated film that is obtained by the production method described above may have a polymerization degree of the silane coupling agent that is controlled to a desired range, and thus may have a low haze value and a high luminance. Furthermore, an optical laminated film formed therewith may be prevented from suffering iridescent unevenness. The irregularity on the surface of the backcoat film of the laminated film is suppressed in a prescribed range, and thus excellent scratch resistance may be obtained while retaining irregularity that is necessary to suppress generation of iridescent unevenness. The laminated film and the optical laminated film obtained by the production method may be favorably applied to a display device, such as a liquid crystal display panel.
The features of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples below. The materials, the amounts thereof used, the proportion thereof, the contents of procedures, the process steps of procedures, and the like shown in the examples below may be appropriately changed unless they deviate from the substance of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is not construed as being limited to the specific examples shown below.
A polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as PET) resin having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.66 obtained by polycondensation with a Ti compound as a catalyst was dried to a water content of 50 ppm or less and melted in an extruder having a heater temperature set to a temperature of from 280 to 300° C. The molten PET resin was ejected from a die to a chill roll applied with static charge to provide an amorphous base. The resulting amorphous base was stretched in the running direction by 3.1 times and then stretched in the transverse direction by 3.8 times to provide a PET support having a thickness of 250 μm.
The PET support was subjected to a corona discharge treatment under condition of 730 J/m2, and the following coating solution A was coated on the surface having been subjected to corona treatment by a bar coating method. The coated layer was dried at 145° C. for 1 minute to provide a first adhesive layer on one surface of the PET support, and the surface of the first adhesive layer was subjected to a corona discharge treatment under condition of 288 J/m2. The following coating solution B was coated on the first adhesive layer by a bar coating method, and the coated layer was dried at 145° C. for 1 minute to provide an easily adhesive layer film having a second adhesive layer formed on the first adhesive layer.
The coating solution A had the following composition.
The coating solution B had the following composition.
After forming the easily adhesive layer on one surface of the support, the other surface of the support was subjected to a corona discharge treatment under condition of 310 J/m2, and the coating solution for an intermediate backcoat film with the following composition was coated thereon by a bar coating method. The coated amount was 8.4 cm3/m2, and the coated layer was dried at 145° C. for 1 minute. According to the procedures, an intermediate backcoat film having an average thickness of approximately 0.1 μm was formed on the surface opposite to the surface having the easily adhesive layer formed thereon.
Subsequently, a coating solution for a backcoat film having the following composition was coated by a bar coating method on the intermediate backcoat film, which had been subjected to a corona discharge treatment under condition of 200 J/m2 in advance. The coated amount was 13.8 cm3/m2, and the coated layer was dried at 145° C. for 1 minute. According to the procedures, a backcoat film having an average thickness of approximately 0.85 μm was formed.
The coating solution for a backcoat film was prepared in the following manner.
While vigorously agitating the acetic acid aqueous solution in a thermostat chamber at 25° C., 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane was added dropwise to the acetic acid aqueous solution over 3 minutes. After agitating for 1 hour, subsequently, tetraethoxysilane was added to the acetic acid aqueous solution under vigorously agitating over 5 minutes, followed by agitating for 2 hours. The solution was cooled to 10° C. over 1 hour. The aqueous solution thus obtained was designated as an aqueous solution X.
The curing agent, the surfactants, the distilled water, and the resin fine particles were mixed and subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 5 minutes. The particle dispersion thus obtained was designated as an aqueous solution Y. The aqueous solution Y, the surfactant, and the distilled water were added sequentially to the aqueous solution X, followed by cooling to 10° C.
Optical laminated films of Examples 2 to 14 were produced by coating the coating solution for a backcoat film on the intermediate backcoat film in the same manner as in Example 1 while the compositions of the coating solution for a backcoat film and the coating solution for an intermediate backcoat film were partially changed. The compositions of the coating solutions for a backcoat film of Examples 1 to 14 are shown in Table 1 below.
Optical laminated films of Comparative Examples 1 to 7 and 11 to 12 were produced by coating the coating solution for a backcoat film on the intermediate backcoat film in the same manner as in Example 1 while the compositions of the coating solution for a backcoat film and the coating solution for an intermediate backcoat film were partially changed. The compositions of the coating solutions for a backcoat film are shown in Table 2 below.
The support was changed to a PET base (Cosmoshine A4100, produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), and after forming the easily adhesive layer having the same composition as in Example 1 on the non-coated surface of the PET base, a coating solution for a backcoat film having the composition shown in Table 2 was coated on the opposite surface, dried under condition of 70° C. for 1 minute, and then cured by irradiating with an ultraviolet ray under condition of 1,000 mJ/cm2 from the side of the backcoat film. The light source used for the ultraviolet ray irradiation was a metal halide lamp, UVL-1500M2, produced by Ushio, Inc.
The optical laminated films obtained in Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14 were subjected to the following evaluation.
In the form of the laminated film 10, the haze value thereof was measured with a haze meter (NDH-5000, produced by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) according to JIS K7105.
In the form of the optical laminated film 20, the haze value may be measured after completely flattening with a liquid having a refractive index that is equivalent to the lens layer (such as a matching oil).
The diameter Di and the number ni of the particles were measured in a region of 1 cm2 with an optical microscope, and the volume average particle diameter r was calculated by the following expression.
r=Σ(Di×Di3×ni)/Σ(Di3×ni)
In the case where the measurement with an optical microscope was difficult to perform, the particle diameter was appropriately calculated from images of the surface and the cross section of the film taken with an SEM or the like.
The same measurement was performed as in the measurement of the volume average particle diameter, and with the specific gravity of the particles Ai, the addition amount S was calculated by the following expression.
S(mg)=10×4π/3×Σ{Ai×ni×(Di/2)3}
Cross sectional images of the film were taken with an SEM at such a number of points that were capable of measuring the thickness without fluctuation, the thickness was measured at the points, and the measured values were averaged.
The 10-point average roughness (Rz) was a measured value obtained by a stylus type surface roughness meter (Handysurf E-35B, produced by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.) set according to JIS B0601 (1994).
The measurement was performed with an image clarity tester (ICM-1DP, produced by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.) according to JIS K7105. The measurement was performed by making light incident on the coated surface of the backcoat film (without the prism layer).
The measurement was performed on the coated surface of the backcoat film according to JIS K5600-5-4.
The evaluation of the iridescent unevenness, the luminance, and the scratch resistance was performed for a prism sheet having a prism layer formed on the easily adhesive layer.
The following coating solution for forming a prism layer (hereinafter referred to as a coating solution for a prism layer) was cast in a mold for forming a prism pattern. The coating solution for a prism layer contained a compound capable of being cured with an ultraviolet ray. The film was pressed on the mold with a roller in such a manner that the easily adhesive layer of the film was in contact with the coating solution on the mold, and after 3 seconds from the start of the contact of the coating solution and the easily adhesive layer, the film was irradiated with an ultraviolet ray from the side of the film base under condition of 1,000 mJ/cm2 for curing. The light source used for the ultraviolet ray irradiation was a metal halide lamp, UVL-1500M2, produced by Ushio, Inc. The film was released from the mold, and thus a film having a prism layer having an apex angle of 90°, a pitch of 60 μm and a height of 30 μm, i.e., a prism sheet, was obtained.
The coating solution for the prism layer had the following composition.
A backlight of a monitor (RL2240H, produced by BenQ Corporation) was taken out in the form capable of being turned on, and each specimen was placed on two diffusion sheets accompanying the monitor with the prism layer directed outward. The degree of color unevenness in the boundary region between the bright portion and the dark portion was visually evaluated on viewing in the direction that was perpendicular to the line in which prisms align in the prism layer and was tilted at approximately 30° from the right above.
A: Completely no color unevenness found
B: Substantially no color unevenness found
C: Slight color unevenness found
D: Color unevenness found
E: Severe color unevenness found
With the same arrangement as in the evaluation of iridescent unevenness, the luminance was measured at a field angle of 0.2° from the position that was remote from the backlight surface by 50 cm in the direction perpendicular thereto with reference to accompanying parts configuration, with a spectral radiant luminance meter (SR-3, produced by Topcon Corporation). Thus, the relative luminance of the prism sheet with respect to the luminance of the monitor of the product configuration as 100% was measured.
In a reciprocating abrasion tester (Tribo Gear Type 30, produced by Shinto Scientific Co., Ltd.), the diffusion surface of the diffusion sheet and the surface of the backcoat film were made in contact with each other and rubbed against each other at 100 cm/min for 1 minute with a load of 50 g per 25 mm×25 mm. The diffusion surface of the diffusion sheet and the surface of the backcoat film were observed after the test, and the level of scratch was evaluated by the following standard.
A: no scratch on diffusion surface or backcoat film surface, with no powder attached
B: scratches on diffusion surface or backcoat film surface in visually unrecognizable level (scratches with length of 50 μm or less), with no powder attached
C: scratches on diffusion surface or backcoat film surface in visually unrecognizable level (scratches with length of 100 μm or less), with no powder attached
D: scratches on diffusion surface or backcoat film surface in visually recognizable level, with no powder attached
E: scratches on diffusion surface or backcoat film surface in visually recognizable level, with powder attached
The results of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14 are summarized in Table 3.
In Examples 1 to 14, the molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane satisfies the range of from 25/75 to 85/15, and the volume average particle diameter r of the matting agent is larger than the average thickness t of the backcoat film. The content of the inorganic particles is 20% or less based on the solid mass except for the matting agent. In Examples 1 to 14, the laminated backcoat films have Rz of less than 1 and σ(Rz) of less than 0.1. In Examples 1 to 14, the backcoat films have a luminance of 96% or more, which means a high luminance. Furthermore, the laminated films suffer no occurrence of iridescent unevenness and have excellent scratch resistance.
In Examples 1 to 4, particularly, the laminated films are good in the iridescent unevenness prevention and the luminance and is considerably good in the scratch resistance.
In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, on the other hand, the molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane does not satisfy the range of from 25/75 to 85/15. In Comparative Example 1, no tetrafunctional alkoxysilane is contained. Accordingly, no film is formed, and a backcoat film is not formed on the support. In Comparative Example 2, no trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane is obtained. In this case, the polycondensation reactivity of the silane coupling agent is too high, and it is difficult to form the tilted surfaces required to prevent iridescent unevenness.
In Comparative Example 3, iridescent unevenness occurs since no surfactant is contained.
In Comparative Examples 4 to 7, the content of the inorganic particles is 20% or more based on the solid mass except for the matting agent. Accordingly, iridescent unevenness occurs, and the luminance is also lowered in Comparative Example 6.
In Comparative Example 8, no matting agent is contained, and iridescent unevenness is not prevented at all.
In Comparative Examples 9 to 11, an ordinary backcoat film layer formed by the solvent system is formed, and Rz is larger than 1. In Comparative Example 8, iridescent unevenness occurs, and the scratch resistance is poor. In Comparative Examples 9 and 10, the scratch resistance is poor although iridescent unevenness is suppressed.
In Comparative Examples 12 and 13, the volume average particle diameter r of the matting agent is smaller than the average thickness t of the backcoat film, and thus iridescent unevenness is not prevented at all.
In Comparative Example 14, the amount of the matting agent added is large, and the luminance is considerably lowered.
In summary, it is understood that laminated films having a high luminance are obtained in Examples 1 to 14 as compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 14. It is understood that the laminated films obtained in Examples 1 to 14 are suppressed in occurrence of iridescent unevenness. This is because Examples 1 to 14 satisfy the constitution of the invention and thus have irregularity that is required to suppress generation of iridescent unevenness, while controlling Rz of the backcoat film to the prescribed range.
In Examples 1 to 14, the molar ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilane and the trifunctional or bifunctional alkoxysilane satisfies the range of from 25/75 to 85/15, and thus the coating solution of the backcoat film is fixed in a smoothly tilted state along the irregularity of the matting agent in the drying process thereof. This phenomenon may occur since the component forming the backcoat film layer has a molecular weight that is relatively close to that of the solvent component, and thus migrates within the undried film until immediately before the formation of the film where the film is completely dried. In the invention, accordingly, the tilted surfaces of the irregularity on the surface may be smoothened without increasing the amount of the matting agent added, and thus both the high luminance and the prevention of iridescent unevenness may be achieved simultaneously.
In Examples 1 to 14, furthermore, the irregularity on the surface is controlled to the prescribed range, and the tilted surfaces of the irregularity are smooth. Accordingly, the backcoat film itself may be prevented from being damaged in contact with the other adjacent sheets, while maintaining the irregularity that is required to prevent iridescent unevenness from occurring.
According to the invention, a laminated film that suppresses generation of iridescent unevenness and suppresses decrease of the luminance is obtained. According to the invention, furthermore, a laminated film, in which the irregularity on the surface of the backcoat film is controlled to the prescribed range, is obtained. Therefore, the laminated film according to the invention may be favorably used in a display device, such as a liquid crystal display device. The laminated film and the optical laminated film of the invention may also be applied to electric decoration, such as an electrically decorated signboard and a recording material for electric decoration, and thus have high industrial applicability.
While the present invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
The present disclosure relates to the subject matter contained in International Application No. PCT/JP2013/076185, filed Sep. 27, 2013; and Japanese Application No. 2012-220066, filed Oct. 2, 2012, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. All the publications referred to in the present specification are also expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The foregoing description of preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. The description was selected to best explain the principles of the invention and their practical application to enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention not be limited by the specification, but be defined claims set forth below.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-220066 | Oct 2012 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2013/076185, filed Sep. 27, 2013, which in turn claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Application No. 2012-220066, filed Oct. 2, 2012, the disclosures of which applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2013/076185 | Sep 2013 | US |
| Child | 14672989 | US |
