Patent Grant
7819849
The present disclosure is generally directed to a new laminated material and, more particularly, a laminated material suitable for use in forming body wearable pouches.
In the field of body wearable pouches, they are formed of material(s) having certain known characteristics. If the pouch comprises a body waste collection pouch, these characteristics include the ability to receive and hold human body waste for a determinable period of time while also serving as a satisfactory gas and odor barrier. Also, it is desirable to form such pouches, especially for ostomy, of a material that has low noise characteristics.
For this purpose, there are commercially available ostomy films which are highly effective in many respects. These ostomy grade barrier films are generally capable of receiving and holding human body waste material and also providing the requisite gas and odor barrier characteristics. However, the available ostomy films are still often less than desirable in terms of certain other important characteristics.
In particular, the known ostomy grade barrier films are sometimes unacceptable as to their “hand” or “feel”. They have a tendency to stick against the body in hot or humid conditions and/or after showering, which is generally known to cause discomfort to the user of an ostomy pouch. Further, commercially available ostomy barrier films have a tendency to produce a crinkling noise during movement.
To counteract these problems, it has been proposed to cover the film with a non-woven or other fibrous layer which is thermally secured to the surface of the ostomy grade barrier film. It has been suggested that this will achieve sound-deadening as well as a better “hand” or “feel”. However, by thermally securing the non-woven or other fibrous layer to the ostomy grade barrier film, the fibers of the non-woven or other fibrous layer are embedded within the film.
In a perhaps more accurate description, the interstices of the non-woven or other fibrous layer are filled with melted and solidified ostomy film material as a result of the thermal bonding process.
Unfortunately, thermally embedding fibers within the ostomy film has resulted in no significant noise reduction. The normal body movements of the user are found to still cause an undesirable crinkling noise. In addition, the non-woven or other fibrous layer adds comfort to the user but can snag on clothing at times.
In some instances, a non-woven or other fibrous layer is peripherally attached to the ostomy pouch edges. This, too, provides more comfort but does not appreciably reduce noise during user movement. Furthermore, previous attempts to overcome these problems have failed to overcome still other shortcomings.
In particular, it is important for an ostomy pouch to greatly limit the degree to which there is water cling following a shower. The previous attempts to thermally bond a non-woven or other fibrous layer to an ostomy film have failed to satisfy this characteristic. Additionally, an ostomy pouch should ideally be manufactured of materials and with processes that are commercially desirable.
In the past, ostomy grade barrier films, i.e., films that meet the essential characteristics for ostomy, have been expensive which means that the cost of ostomy pouches to the user is high. While there are other films that are commercially available and widely used in many other industries, they have typically been viewed as failing to exhibit essential ostomy characteristics.
In addition to ostomy, it will be understood that similar problems are encountered with many different types of body wearable pouches such as those provided to receive or deliver liquid or semi-solid flowable materials where noise reduction, comfort and/or limited water cling are important criteria.
For the foregoing reasons, it has remained to provide an entirely satisfactory material that can advantageously be manufactured from many different commercially available films while exhibiting the foregoing desirable characteristics.
Accordingly, the present disclosure is of a laminated material suitable for forming body wearable pouches. The laminated material comprises three distinct material layers wherein the layers are integrally bonded. The three distinct material layers include a fabric layer, an adhesive layer and a thin film layer.
The laminated material utilizes a suitably thick layer of adhesive which permits use of a thin, commercially available film layer. The adhesive layer is between and preferably substantially co-extensive with the facing surfaces of the film layer and the fabric layer. The suitably thick, co-extensive adhesive layer adds bulk to the thin film layer and penetrates the fibers of the fabric layer.
More specifically, the laminated material utilizes a thin, commercially available film layer and a suitably thick adhesive layer in thicknesses that, combined, approximate the thickness of a typical ostomy grade barrier film wherein some of the adhesive penetrates into the fabric layer to achieve excellent bonding of the three distinct material layers. When the laminated material is formed in this manner, the resulting material has all of the essential characteristics of an ostomy grade barrier film while also having low noise characteristics, excellent “hand” or “feel”, significantly reduced water cling characteristics, and it permits use of thin, commercially available films previously believed unsuitable for ostomy applications.
The fabric layer can be formed of a knit fabric, a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric. The material for the fabric is preferably composed of fibers or filaments of a synthetic material such as nylon, polypropylene, polyester, low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The fabric can also be formed of a sheath of LDPE having a core wherein the core may be suitably formed of any one or more of polypropylene, polyester and nylon. Alternatively, the material for the fabric can be of a natural material such as cotton, silk or cellulosic materials, or blends of such materials, including blends also containing synthetic fibers or filaments. In addition, the fabric can be treated with water repellant, or can have water wicking fibers therein, if desired.
In some embodiments, the fabric is brushed, sueded, or sheared on at least one surface thereof.
As for the adhesive layer, it is preferably formed of a hot melt thermoplastic adhesive, and is substantially continuous between the fabric layer and the film layer. It produces low noise characteristics, reduces water retention characteristics and adds bulk to the film layer. Additionally, the adhesive forming the layer may be activated or cured by utilization of chemical cross-linking agents, radio frequency, ultrasonic, e-beam, thermal, ultraviolet, or ambient temperature techniques.
With regard to the film layer, it is preferably formed as a multilayer film to have at least an odor barrier sublayer and a sealing sublayer. The odor barrier sublayer is advantageously formed of polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl alcohol, or polyvinylidene chloride materials. Preferably, the film layer is formed with the sealing sublayer of the film layer comprising LDPE or a copolymer of LDPE.
In an alternative construction, the film layer can be formed of a monolithic film, i.e., a film having a single layer that possesses both odor barrier and sealing properties.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present disclosure will become apparent from a consideration of the following specification taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In the illustrations given, and with specific reference to
Preferably, the fabric layer 14 is formed of any of a knit fabric, a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric. The fabric layer 14 may be treated with a water repellant or have water wicking fibers therein, if desired. In addition, the fabric layer 14 may be brushed, sueded or sheared on at least one surface thereof, e.g., 14a.
As for the adhesive layer 18, it is preferably formed of a hot melt thermoplastic adhesive in such manner as to comprise a substantially continuous layer disposed between the fabric layer 14 and the film layer 16. The adhesive must not impair the flexibility of the film, must maintain the desired noise reduction and must also be soft enough to be comfortable to the wearer of a body wearable pouch formed of the laminated material 10, e.g., hard brittle epoxy is not a suitable adhesive because it is too stiff to achieve these objectives. The adhesive layer 18 may be activated or cured by utilization of chemical cross-linking agents, radio frequency, ultrasonic, e-beam, thermal, ultraviolet, or ambient temperature techniques.
The film layer 16 is a multilayer film having at least an odor barrier sublayer 20 formed of polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl alcohol, or polyvinylidene chloride materials, and at least a sealing sublayer 22. If the odor barrier sublayer 20 is formed of polyvinylidene chloride, it will typically be used with additives such as plasticizers, and the sealing sublayer 22 may be formed of a material such as LDPE or a copolymer of LDPE. If desired, the film layer 16 may comprise a, multilayer film having multiple odor barrier layers such as 20 with at least one sealing layer 22 to form an outer sealing sublayer 16a of the film layer 16.
In an alternative construction, the film layer can be formed of a monolithic film, i.e., a film comprised of a single layer that possesses both odor barrier and sealing properties.
As will be appreciated, the laminated material 10 comprises a material formed of three distinct layers, i.e., a fabric layer 14, a film layer 16, and an adhesive layer 18 therebetween. The laminated material 10 utilizes a suitably thick adhesive layer 18, e.g., approximately 1 mil in thickness, which bonds to the film layer 16 to permit the use of a thin, commercially available film layer while preserving the essential ostomy characteristics. The adhesive layer 18 cooperatively bonds to the thin, commercially available film layer 16, e.g., approximately 2½ mil in thickness, to provide needed assurance against leakage while at the same time providing fully satisfactory gas and odor barrier characteristics. The adhesive layer 18 provides bulk to the thin, commercially available film layer 16 so that the total thickness of the two layers is approximately 3½ mil which is comparable to the typical thickness of 3 to 4 mil for a commercial ostomy grade barrier film. As will be appreciated from
The fabric layer 14 is shown schematically in
With the laminated material 10, the resulting composite has all of the essential characteristics of an ostomy grade barrier film. In addition, it exhibits low noise characteristics, excellent “hand” or “feel”, and significantly reduced water cling characteristics. Further, it permits the use of a thin, commercially available film of a type previously not known or believed to be suitable for ostomy applications.
Presently, it is believed these results follow from utilizing a suitably thick adhesive layer 18 between a fabric layer 14 and a thin, commercially available film layer 16. The adhesive layer 18 achieves secure surface-to-surface bonding to what is generally viewed as a “noisy”, inadequate film product for ostomy and also achieves penetration into the fibers of the fabric layer 14. The secure surface-to-surface bonding of the adhesive layer 18 to the film layer 16, as well as secure penetration bonding of the adhesive to the fabric layer 14, is believed to provide the low noise characteristics. The penetration bonding between the adhesive layer 18 and the fabric layer 14 is also believed to reduce water cling by approximately 50% in relation to fabric which is thermally bonded to film about the perimeter thereof. The laminated material 10 also exhibits excellent “hand” or “feel” since the thickness of the adhesive layer 18 is insufficient to permit adhesive to reach the outer surface 14a of the fabric layer 14.
In testing, it has been found that the laminated material 10 exhibits a decibel level of approximately 50% less than the decibel level of a commercially available ostomy material used in a product sold under the trademark “First Choice” by Hollister Incorporated and that the laminated material 10 exhibits about 50% less water cling than an ostomy control material.
The laminated material 10 was tested for quietness by forming a 4 inch by 4 inch sample into a cylinder and mounting it on a test fixture with one end of the cylinder was held fixed and the other end was rotated about the axis of the cylinder at an angle of 15° at 70 cycles per minute. Noise emissions produced by the film's flexing were analyzed with a sound level meter. For comparison, the same test was conducted on a control material comprising the ostomy material used on the Hollister Incorporated “First Choice” product with a seal on one edge to simulate an ostomy pouch sealed only on the perimeter of the pouch.
In particular, the laminated material which was tested utilized a non-woven fabric layer comprising spun bonded polyethylene of 40 gms/m2, an adhesive layer comprising hot melt thermoplastic adhesive, and a film layer comprising a multilayer film formed of polyethylene skins and a core of nylon. The results were as follows:
In this table, dBA is a weighted average that takes into account the human perception of noise over the entire frequency range. The dB values in the 8 and 16 kHz octave bands are indicative of the noise in the higher frequency range and represent crispness of the noise. The dBA and dB values therefore reveal that the laminated material 10 is considerably quieter than the control material.
With regard to water cling, the laminated material 10 was also tested for water retention relative to a control material comprising a non-woven sealed at the edges to a film. This was done by cutting multiple 4⅜ inch circular samples of the laminated material 10 and the control material, and providing each of the samples with a 4 inch inner diameter sealer using a ⅛ inch seal width. The circular samples cut from the laminated material 10 and the control sample were then individually weighed and clamped in place one at a time under a 4 inch cylinder. A quantity of 100 ml of a 1% soapy water solution was poured into the cylinder after each of the circular samples was clamped in place. The soapy water solution was poured out after a period of 2 minutes for each of the circular samples and the samples were each placed between an equal number of layers of disposable towel. After placement between the layers of disposable towel, each circular sample was run through a nip to blot up any surface water and then reweighed to measure the water retained.
For the multiple circular samples of the laminated material 10, 0.010 grams of soapy water was retained on average whereas for the multiple circular samples of the control material, 0.023 grams of soapy water was retained on average.
This procedure is a modification of the TAPPI test method T441-OM-98, also known as the “Cobb Test”.
The laminated material 10 is a material that may be utilized to manufacture a body wearable pouch 12 (see
As noted above, the fabric layer 14 is formed of a knit fabric, a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric. The material for the fabric is preferably composed of fibers or filaments of a synthetic material such as nylon, polypropylene, polyester, low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The fabric can also be formed of a sheath of LDPE having a core suitably formed of any one or more of polypropylene, polyester and nylon. Alternatively, the material for the fabric can be of a natural material such as cotton, silk or cellulosic materials, or blends of such materials, including blends also containing synthetic fibers or filaments. In addition, the fabric can be treated with water repellant, or can have water wicking fibers therein, if desired.
In view of the above, the fabric layer 14 may not only be treated with a water repellant or have water wicking fibers, but it may also be brushed, sueded or sheared, and any combination of these characteristics can be utilized on one side, both sides, or neither side thereof, depending upon the desired characteristics for ostomy pouches such as 12
Still additionally, the fabric layer 14 may typically be laminated to the film layer 16 in such a manner that a brushed, sueded, or sheared side comprises the outwardly facing side 14a of the fabric layer. This outwardly facing side 14a may face toward the skin of the user, in which case it may be thought of as a comfort panel, and/or it may face the user's clothing; in either case, treating the fabric so it is brushed, sueded, or sheared is optional. Further, it is also possible for the fabric layer 14 to be laminated to the film layer 16 in such a manner that a brushed, sueded, or sheared side comprises the inwardly facing side 14b of the fabric layer 14.
When a brushed, sueded, or sheared side of the fabric layer 14 comprises the inwardly facing side 14b, it will be the side that is penetration bonded to the adhesive layer 18 which may be beneficial in causing the adhesive layer to penetrate and bind to the fibers of the fabric making up the fabric layer.
As for which of these various options is selected in practice, it will depend upon the physical characteristics that are desired by the end users of body wearable pouches such as 12. The fabric layer 14 may incorporate water wicking fibers on the side of a pouch such as 12 which faces the body of the user to draw perspiration or moisture away from the body. The fabric layer 14 may also be treated with a water repellant on the side opposite the body of the user to provide for quick drying after a user has showered. The water repellant coupled with the effects of the penetration bonding of the adhesive layer 18 with the fibers in the fabric of the fabric layer 14 will enhance resistance to water cling. Further, the placement and use of the brushed, sueded, or sheared side of the fabric layer 14 can be determined based on the desired coefficient of friction and/or “hand” or “feel” of the outwardly facing side 14b.
By providing substantially continuous bonding of the fabric layer 14 to the film layer 16 with a third, distinct adhesive layer 18, which may be formed using an adhesive, the objectionable crinkling sound typical of ostomy barrier films during movement of the user is largely, if not entirely, eliminated.
If desired, the film layer 16 can be formed as a multilayer film having up to about 8 layers which makes it possible to provide for multiple odor barrier layers such as 20. In addition, the film layer 16 can be formed as a multilayer film having a sealing sublayer on one side 22 or both sides 22 and 24 depending upon the desired film characteristics.
As will be appreciated, the laminated material 10 is well suited for not only ostomy pouches and other types of body waste collection pouches but also for any body wearable pouch used to receive or deliver liquid or semi-solid or flowable materials were similar problems are encountered respect to noise reduction, comfort and/or limited water cling
While in the foregoing there has been described a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, it will be appreciated that the details herein given may be varied by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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