Patent Application
20220228020
The present invention relates to a laminated polyester film. More specifically, the present invention relates to a laminated polyester film comprising a readily adhesive coating layer that is highly suitable for use in all fields, such as optics, packaging, labeling, etc.
Thermoplastic resin films, in particular, polyester films, have excellent properties in terms of mechanical properties, electrical properties, dimensional stability, transparency, chemical resistance, etc. Therefore, such films can find wide application, for example, in magnetic recording materials; packaging materials; solar-cell applications; anti-reflection films for use in flat displays etc.; diffusion sheets; optical films such as prism sheets; and films for label printing. However, in such applications, when another material is applied to form a layer on a polyester film, the polyester film has a drawback such that the material may poorly adhere to the polyester film, depending on the material used.
Accordingly, as one of the methods to impart adhesion to the surface of a polyester film, a method is known that comprises applying one or more of various resins to the surface of the polyester film to form a readily adhesive coating layer.
Heretofore, a technique has been known that allows for easy adhesion in hard coating, prism lens processing, or the like by forming a coating layer using a coating liquid containing a copolyester resin and a urethane resin (Patent Literature (PTL) 1); or using a coating liquid containing a copolyester resin, a urethane resin, and an isocyanate compound (Patent Literature (PTL 2)). However, such conventional techniques have problems in regards to poor resistance to blocking, and insufficient adhesion to UV ink (UV-curable ink) used in label printing.
Another technique has also been known; this technique provides easy adhesion in hard coating that is particularly used in the production of a front sheet for solar cells, by forming a coating layer using a urethane resin and a block isocyanate (Patent Literature (PTL) 3). However, this conventional technique has a problem in regards to low transparency.
Still another technique to provide easy adhesion to label processing by forming a coating layer using an acrylic copolymer and a polymer having an oxazoline group has been known (Patent Literature (PTL) 4). However, this conventional technique has a problem in regards to insufficient adhesion to a hardcoat layer.
The present invention was made in view of the above problems of the prior art. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated polyester film that is highly transparent, is resistant to blocking, and has excellent adhesion to a hardcoat layer and excellent adhesion to UV ink.
To achieve the above object, the present inventors investigated causes etc. of the above problems. During their investigation, the inventors found that when a laminated polyester film has a coating layer formed on at least one surface of a polyester film substrate, and the coating layer is formed by curing a composition comprising a crosslinking agent, a polyester resin, and a urethane resin having a polycarbonate structure and a branched structure, the object of the present invention can be achieved. The inventors have accomplished the present invention based on these findings.
Specifically, the present invention has the following features.
1. A laminated polyester film comprising a polyester film substrate and a coating layer on at least one surface of the polyester film substrate, the coating layer being formed by curing a composition containing a urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure and a branched structure, a crosslinking agent, and a polyester resin.
2. The laminated polyester film according to Item 1, wherein the crosslinking agent is a compound containing three or more blocked isocyanate groups.
3. The laminated polyester film according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure and a branched structure is obtained by synthesizing and polymerizing a polycarbonate polyol component and a polyisocyanate component, and the mass ratio of the polycarbonate polyol component to the polyisocyanate component (the mass of the polycarbonate polyol component/the mass of the polyisocyanate component) in the synthesis and polymerization is within the range of 0.5 to 3.
The laminated polyester film of the present invention is highly transparent, is resistant to blocking, and has excellent adhesion to a hardcoat layer and excellent adhesion to UV ink. In particular, the laminated polyester film has excellent adhesion to UV ink after processing with low-dose W.
In the present invention, the polyester resin forming the polyester film substrate is, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, or a copolyester resin in which a portion of the diol component or dicarboxylic acid component of a polyester resin described above is replaced by a copolymerization component. Examples of copolymerization components include diol components, such as diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and polyalkylene glycol; dicarboxylic acid components, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 5-sodium isophthalic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; and the like.
The polyester resin preferably used for the polyester film substrate in the present invention is mainly selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate. Among these polyester resins, polyethylene terephthalate is most preferred in terms of the balance between physical properties and cost. The polyester film substrate formed from such a polyester resin is preferably a biaxially stretched polyester film, and can improve chemical resistance, heat resistance, mechanical strength, and the like.
The catalyst for polycondensation used in the production of the polyester resin is not particularly limited. Antimony trioxide is suitable because it is an inexpensive catalyst with excellent catalytic activity. It is also preferable to use a germanium compound or a titanium compound. More preferred examples of polycondensation catalysts include a catalyst containing aluminum and/or a compound thereof, and a phenolic compound; a catalyst containing aluminum and/or a compound thereof, and a phosphorus compound; and a catalyst containing an aluminum salt of a phosphorus compound. Particularly preferably, the transparency of the film can be improved by using a catalyst containing aluminum and/or a compound thereof, and a phosphorus compound.
The layer structure of the polyester film substrate in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a single-layer polyester film, a polyester film with a two-layer structure in which the components in the layers are different, or a polyester film substrate composed of at least three layers including outer layers and an inner layer.
To improve adhesion to a hardcoat layer, adhesion to UV ink, and blocking resistance, the laminated polyester film of the present invention preferably comprises a coating layer laminated on at least one surface of the polyester film substrate, the coating layer being formed by curing a composition containing a urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure and a branched structure, a crosslinking agent, and a polyester resin. It is believed that the coating layer is formed by crosslinking and curing the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure and a branched structure, and the polyester resin, with the crosslinking agent. However, since it is difficult to describe the crosslinked chemical structure itself, it is described as being formed by curing the composition containing the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure and a branched structure, the crosslinking agent, and the polyester resin. The coating layer may be formed on both surfaces of the polyester film. Alternatively, the coating layer may be formed on only one surface of the polyester film, and a different resin coating layer may be formed on the other surface.
Each of the components of the coating layer is described below in detail.
Urethane Resin with Polycarbonate Structure and Branched Structure
The urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure in the present invention preferably has at least a urethane bond moiety derived from a polycarbonate polyol component and a polyisocyanate component, and a branched structure; and further contains a chain extender, as necessary. The branched structure referred to herein is suitably introduced to the urethane by synthesizing and polymerizing the aforementioned starting material components that form the molecular chain, at least one of which has three or more terminal functional groups, thereby forming a branched molecular chain structure.
It is preferable that the number of terminal functional groups in the molecular chain of the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure in the present invention is 3 to 6, by virtue of the branched structure; this is because the resin can be stably dispersed in an aqueous solution, and blocking resistance can be improved.
The lower limit of the mass ratio of the polycarbonate polyol component to the polyisocyanate component (the mass of the polycarbonate polyol component/the mass of the polyisocyanate component) in the synthesis and polymerization of the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure in the present invention is preferably 0.5, more preferably 0.6, even more preferably 0.7, particularly preferably 0.8, and most preferably 1.0. A mass ratio of 0.5 or more is preferred because adhesion to UV ink can be improved. The upper limit of the mass ratio of the polycarbonate polyol component to the polyisocyanate component in the synthesis and polymerization of the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure in the present invention is preferably 3.0, more preferably 2.2, even more preferably 2.0, particularly preferably 1.7, and most preferably 1.5. A mass ratio of 3.0 or less is preferred because blocking resistance can be improved.
The polycarbonate polyol component used to synthesize and polymerize the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure in the present invention preferably contains an aliphatic polycarbonate polyol having excellent heat resistance and hydrolysis resistance. Examples of the aliphatic polycarbonate polyol include aliphatic polycarbonate diols, aliphatic polycarbonate triols, and the like. Preferably, aliphatic polycarbonate diols can be used. Examples of aliphatic polycarbonate diols that can be used to synthesize and polymerize the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure in the present invention include aliphatic polycarbonate diols obtained by reacting one or more diols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,8-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol, with, for example, a carbonate, such as dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or phosgene; and the like.
In the present invention, the polycarbonate polyol preferably has a number average molecular weight of 1000 to 3000, more preferably 1200 to 2900, and most preferably 1500 to 2800. A number average molecular weight of 1000 or more is preferred because ink adhesion can be improved. A number average molecular weight of 3000 or less is preferred because blocking resistance can be improved.
Examples of polyisocyanate components that can be used to synthesize and polymerize the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure in the present invention include aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates, such as xylylene diisocyanate; alicyclic diisocyanates, such as isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane; aliphatic diisocyanates, such as hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate; and polyisocyanates obtained by adding one or more of these compounds to, for example, trimethylolpropane. The aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates, alicyclic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, and the like are preferred because there is no problem of yellowing when they are used. They are also preferred because the resulting coating film is not overly hard, the stress due to thermal shrinkage of the polyester film substrate can be relaxed, and good adhesion is exhibited.
Examples of chain extenders include glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, and 1,6-hexanediol; polyhydric alcohols, such as glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol; diamines, such as ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and piperazine; amino alcohols, such as monoethanolamine and diethanolamine; thiodiglycols, such as thiodiethylene glycol; and water.
To form a branched structure in the urethane resin, for example, a method comprising reacting the polycarbonate polyol component, the polyisocyanate, and the chain extender at a suitable temperature for a suitable period of time, adding a compound containing three or more hydroxyl groups or isocyanate groups, and further allowing the reaction to proceed can be preferably adopted.
Specific examples of the compound containing three or more hydroxyl groups include caprolactone triol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, butanetriol, hexanetriol, 1,2,3-hexanetriol, 1,2,3-pentanetriol, 1,3,4-hexanetriol, 1,3,4-pentanetriol, 1,3,5-hexanetriol, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, polyether triols, and the like. Examples of the polyether triols include compounds obtained by addition polymerization of one or more monomers, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, amylene oxide, glycidyl ether, methyl glycidyl ether, t-butyl glycidyl ether, and phenyl glycidyl ether, using one or more initiators (e.g., compounds having three active hydrogens, such as glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and diethylenetriamine).
A specific example of the compound containing three or more isocyanate groups is a polyisocyanate compound that contains at least three isocyanate (NCO) groups per molecule. Examples of isocyanate compounds containing three or more functional groups in the present invention include biurets, nurates, and adducts obtained by modifying an isocyanate monomer having two isocyanate groups, such as an aromatic diisocyanate, aliphatic diisocyanate, aromatic aliphatic diisocyanate, or alicyclic diisocyanate.
Examples of aromatic diisocyanates include 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-toluidine diisocyanate, dianisidine diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl ether diisocyanate, and the like.
Examples of aliphatic diisocyanates include trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-propylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, 1,3-butylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, and the like.
Examples of aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates include xylylene diisocyanate, ω,ω′-diisocyanate-1,4-diethylbenzene, 1,4-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, 1,3-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, and the like.
Examples of alicyclic diisocyanates include 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (also known as IPDI, isophorone diisocyanate), 1,3-cyclopentane diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, methyl-2,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, methyl-2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, and the like.
The biuret is a self-condensate with a biuret bond formed by self-condensation of an isocyanate monomer. Examples include a biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate, and the like.
The nurate is a trimer of an isocyanate monomer. Examples include a trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate, a trimer of isophorone diisocyanate, a trimer of tolylene diisocyanate, and the like.
The adduct is an isocyanate compound containing three or more functional groups that is obtained by reacting an isocyanate monomer described above with a low-molecular-weight compound containing three or more active hydrogens. Examples include a compound obtained by reacting trimethylolpropane with hexamethylene diisocyanate, a compound obtained by reacting trimethylolpropane with tolylene diisocyanate, a compound obtained by reacting trimethylolpropane with xylylene diisocyanate, a compound obtained by reacting trimethylolpropane with isophorone diisocyanate, and the like.
Chain extenders containing three or more functional groups include alcohols containing three or more hydroxyl groups, such as trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol, which are listed in the explanation of the chain extender described above.
The coating layer in the present invention is preferably formed by an in-line coating method described later, using a water-based coating liquid. It is thus desirable that the urethane resin of the present invention has water solubility or water dispersibility. The phrase “water solubility or water dispersibility” means dispersing in water or an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble organic solvent in an amount of less than 50 mass %.
To impart water dispersibility to the urethane resin, a sulfonic acid (salt) group or a carboxylic acid (salt) group can be introduced (copolymerized) into the urethane molecular skeleton. In order to maintain moisture resistance, it is preferable to introduce a carboxylic acid (salt) group, which is weakly acidic. A nonionic group, such as a polyoxyalkylene group, can also be introduced.
To introduce a carboxylic acid (salt) group into the urethane resin, for example, a polyol compound containing a carboxylic acid group, such as dimethylolpropanoic acid or dimethylolbutanoic acid, is introduced as a polyol component (copolymerization component), and neutralization is performed using a salt-forming agent. Specific examples of salt-forming agents include ammonia; trialkylamines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, tri-n-propylamine, and tri-n-butylamine; N-alkylmorpholines, such as N-methylmorpholine and N-ethylmorpholine; and N-dialkylalkanolamines, such as N-dimethylethanolamine and N-diethylethanolamine. These may be used singly, or in a combination of two or more.
When a polyol compound containing a carboxylic acid (salt) group is used as a copolymerization component to impart water dispersibility, the molar percentage of the polyol compound containing a carboxylic acid (salt) group in the urethane resin is preferably 3 to 60 mol %, and more preferably 5 to 40 mol %, based on the entire polyisocyanate component of the urethane resin taken as 100 mol %. A molar percentage of 3 mol % or more is preferred because water dispersibility is obtained. A molar percentage of 60 mol % or less is preferred because water resistance is maintained, and wet-heat resistance is obtained.
The urethane resin of the present invention may have a blocked isocyanate structure at one or more terminals thereof to improve toughness.
The crosslinking agent contained in the composition for forming the coating layer in the present invention is preferably a blocked isocyanate, more preferably a blocked isocyanate containing three or more functional groups, and particularly preferably a blocked isocyanate containing four or more functional groups. These blocked isocyanates improve blocking resistance and adhesion to a hardcoat layer.
The lower limit of the NCO equivalent of the blocked isocyanate is preferably 100, more preferably 120, even more preferably 130, particularly preferably 140, and most preferably 150. An NCO equivalent of 100 or more is preferred because there is no risk of coating-film cracking. The upper limit of the NCO equivalent is preferably 500, more preferably 400, even more preferably 380, particularly preferably 350, and most preferably 300. An NCO equivalent of 500 or less is preferred because blocking resistance is maintained.
The lower limit of the boiling point of the blocking agent of the blocked isocyanate is preferably 150° C., more preferably 160° C., even more preferably 180° C., particularly preferably 200° C., and most preferably 210° C. The higher the boiling point of the blocking agent, the more the volatilization of the blocking agent by application of heat is suppressed in the drying process after application of the coating liquid or in the film-forming process in the case of an in-line coating method, and the more the formation of minute irregularities on the coating surface is suppressed, thereby improving transparency of the film. The upper limit of the boiling point of the blocking agent is not particularly limited; about 300° C. seems to be the upper limit in tams of productivity. Since the boiling point is related to the molecular weight, it is preferable to use a blocking agent having a high molecular weight in order to increase the boiling point of the blocking agent. The blocking agent preferably has a molecular weight of 50 or more, more preferably 60 or more, and even more preferably 80 or more.
The upper limit of the dissociation temperature of the blocking agent is preferably 200° C., more preferably 180° C., even more preferably 160° C., particularly preferably 150° C., and most preferably 120° C. The blocking agent dissociates from the functional groups by application of heat in the drying process after application of the coating liquid, or in the film-forming process in the case of an in-line coating method, to produce regenerated isocyanate groups. Thus, the crosslinking reaction with the urethane resin and the like proceeds, and the adhesion is improved. When the temperature at which the blocking agent dissociates from the blocked isocyanate is equal to or lower than the above temperature, the dissociation of the blocking agent sufficiently proceeds, resulting in good adhesion and particularly good wet-heat resistance.
Examples of blocking agents having a dissociation temperature of 120° C. or less and a boiling point of 150° C. or more that can be used for the blocked isocyanate of the present invention include bisulfite-based compounds, such as sodium bisulfite; pyrazole-based compounds, such as 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3-methylpyrazole, 4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazole, and 4-nitro-3,5-dimethylpyrazole; active methylene-based compounds, such as malonic acid diesters (dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, di-n-butyl malonate, and di-2-ethylhexyl malonate); methyl ethyl ketone; and triazole-based compounds, such as 1,2,4-triazole. Of these, the pyrazole-based compounds are preferred in terms of wet-heat resistance and yellowing resistance.
The polyisocyanate containing three or more functional groups that is a precursor of the blocked isocyanate of the present invention can be suitably obtained by introducing an isocyanate monomer. Examples include biurets, nurates, and adducts obtained by modifying an isocyanate monomer having two isocyanate groups, such as an aromatic diisocyanate, aliphatic diisocyanate, aromatic aliphatic diisocyanate, or alicyclic diisocyanate.
The biuret is a self-condensate with a biuret bond formed by self-condensation of an isocyanate monomer. Examples include a biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate, and the like.
The nurate is a trimer of an isocyanate monomer. Examples include a trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate, a trimer of isophorone diisocyanate, a trimer of tolylene diisocyanate, and the like.
The adduct is an isocyanate compound containing three or more functional groups that is obtained by reacting an isocyanate monomer with a low-molecular-weight compound containing three or more active hydrogens. Examples include a compound obtained by reacting trimethylolpropane with hexamethylene diisocyanate, a compound obtained by reacting trimethylolpropane with tolylene diisocyanate, a compound obtained by reacting trimethylolpropane with xylylene diisocyanate, a compound obtained by reacting trimethylolpropane with isophorone diisocyanate, and the like.
Examples of the isocyanate monomer include aromatic diisocyanates, such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 1,4-naphthylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylether diisocyanate, 2-nitrodiphenyl-4,4′-diisocyanate, 2,2′-diphenylpropane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylpropane diisocyanate, and 3,3′-dimethoxydiphenyl-4,4′-diisocyanate; aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates, such as xylylene diisocyanate; alicyclic diisocyanates, such as isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane; and aliphatic diisocyanates, such as hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate. The aliphatic and alicyclic diisocyanates and modified products thereof are preferred in terms of transparency, adhesion, and wet-heat resistance, and are preferred for optical applications that require high transparency without yellowing.
To impart water solubility or water dispersibility to the blocked isocyanate in the present invention, a hydrophilic group may be introduced into the precursor polyisocyanate. Examples of hydrophilic groups include (1) quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alcohols, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylaminoalkylamines, and the like; (2) sulfonic acid salts, carboxylic acid salts, phosphoric acid salts, and the like; and (3) polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and the like that are mono-endcapped with an alkyl group. The blocked isocyanate becomes (1) cationic, (2) anionic, and (3) nonionic when the hydrophilic moieties are individually introduced. Among these, anionic blocked isocyanates and nonionic blocked isocyanates are preferred because they are easily compatible with other water-soluble resins, many of which are anionic. Moreover, anionic blocked isocyanates have excellent compatibility with other resins; and nonionic blocked isocyanates have no ionic hydrophilic groups, and are thus preferable for improving wet-heat resistance.
The anionic hydrophilic groups are preferably those containing a hydroxyl group for introduction into the polyisocyanate, and a carboxylic acid group for imparting hydrophilic properties. Examples include glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxybutyric acid, oxyvaleric acid, hydroxypivalic acid, dimethylolacetic acid, dimethylolpropanoic acid, dimethylolbutanoic acid, and carboxylic acid group-containing polycaprolactone. To neutralize the carboxylic acid group, an organic amine compound is preferably used. Examples of organic amine compounds include ammonia; C1-20 linear or branched primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, cyclohexylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, dibutylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, tributylamine, and ethylenediamine; cyclic amines, such as morpholine, N-alkylmorpholine, and pyridine; hydroxyl group-containing amines, such as monoisopropanolamine, methylethanolamine, methylisopropanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, and triethanolamine; and the like.
The nonionic hydrophilic groups include polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, both of which are mono-endcapped with an alkyl group, wherein the number of repeating units of the ethylene oxide and/or the propylene oxide is preferably 3 to 50, and more preferably 5 to 30. If the number of repeating units is small, the compatibility with resins may become poor, and the haze may increase. If the number of repeating units is large, the adhesion under high temperature and high humidity may decrease. To improve water dispersibility, nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants can be added to the blocked isocyanate of the present invention. Examples include nonionic surfactants, such as polyethylene glycol and polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters; anionic surfactants, such as fatty acid salts, alkyl sulfuric acid esters, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid salts, sulfosuccinic acid salts, and alkyl phosphoric acid salts; cationic surfactants, such as alkylamine salts and alkylbetaine; amphoteric surfactants, such as carboxylic acid amine salts, sulfonic acid amine salts, and sulfuric acid ester salts; and the like.
The coating liquid may contain a water-soluble organic solvent in addition to water. For example, the coating liquid may contain the organic solvent used in the reaction; or the organic solvent used in the reaction may be removed, and another organic solvent may be added.
The polyester resin used to form the coating layer in the present invention may be linear; however, it is preferably a polyester resin containing a dicarboxylic acid and a diol with a branched structure as constituents. Examples of the dicarboxylic acid that mainly constitutes the polyester resin include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. Other examples thereof include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid and sebacic acid; and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. The branched glycol is a branched alkyl group-containing diol. Examples include 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-n-hexyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-n-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-n-hexyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-di-n-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-n-butyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-di-n-hexyl-1,3-propanediol, and the like.
In the preferred embodiment described above, the content of the branched glycol component in the polyester resin is preferably 10 mol % or more, and more preferably 20 mol % or more of the entire glycol component. A branched glycol component content of 10 mol % or less may increase crystallinity, resulting in decreased adhesion of the coating layer. The upper limit of the content of the branched glycol component in the entire glycol component is preferably 80 mol % or less, and more preferably 70 mass %. A branched glycol component content of 80 mol % or more may increase the concentration of oligomers as a by-product, affecting the transparency of the coating layer. As a glycol component other than the compounds mentioned above, ethylene glycol is most preferable. Diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, or the like may be used as long as the amount thereof is small.
As the dicarboxylic acid, which is a constituent of the polyester resin, terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid is most preferred. In addition to the above dicarboxylic acids, it is preferable to use 5-sulfoisophthalic acid or the like in the range of 1 to 10 mol % for copolymerization, in order to impart water dispersibility to the copolyester-based resin. Examples include sulfoterephthalic acid, 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid, and the like. A polyester resin containing a dicarboxylic acid with a naphthalene skeleton may be used; however, in order to suppress a decrease in adhesion to UV ink, the amount thereof is preferably 5 mol % or less of the entire carboxylic acid component, or the dicarboxylic acid with a naphthalene skeleton may not be used.
The lower limit of the content of the crosslinking agent is preferably 5 mass %, more preferably 7 mass %, even more preferably 10 mass %, and most preferably 12 mass %, based on the total solids content of the polyester resin, the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure, and the crosslinking agent in the coating liquid taken as 100 mass %. A crosslinking agent content of 5 mass % or more is preferred because blocking resistance can be improved. The upper limit of the content of the crosslinking agent is preferably 50 mass %, more preferably 40 mass %, even more preferably 35 mass %, and most preferably 30 mass %. A crosslinking agent content of 50 mass % or less is preferred because transparency is increased.
The lower limit of the content of the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure is preferably 5 mass %, based on the total solids content of the polyester resin, the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure, and the crosslinking agent in the coating liquid taken as 100 mass %. A urethane resin content of 5 mass % or more is preferred because adhesion to UV ink can be improved. The upper limit of the content of the urethane resin with a polycarbonate structure is preferably 50 mass %, more preferably 40 mass %, even more preferably 30 mass %, and most preferably 20 mass %. A urethane resin content of 50 mass % or less is preferred because blocking resistance can be improved.
The lower limit of the content of the polyester resin is preferably 10 mass %, more preferably 20 mass %, even more preferably 30 mass %, particularly preferably 35 mass %, and most preferably 40 mass %, based on the total solids content of the polyester resin, the urethane resin, and the crosslinking agent in the coating liquid taken as 100 mass %. A polyester resin content of 10 mass % or more is preferred because the adhesion between the coating layer and the polyester film substrate is good. The upper limit of the content of the polyester resin is preferably 70 mass %, more preferably 67 mass %, even more preferably 65 mass %, particularly preferably 62 mass %, and most preferably 60 mass %. A polyester resin content of 70 mass % or less is preferred because the wet-heat resistance of a hard-coated film after hard coating is good.
The coating layer in the present invention may contain known additives, such as surfactants, antioxidants, heat-resistant stabilizers, weathering stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, organic lubricants, pigments, dyes, organic or inorganic particles, antistatic agents, and nucleating agents, in the range where the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, particles are added to the coating layer to further improve the blocking resistance of the coating layer. In the present invention, examples of the particles to be added to the coating layer include inorganic particles of titanium oxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, silica, alumina, talc, kaolin, clay, or mixtures thereof, or combinations with other general inorganic particles, such as calcium phosphate, mica, hectorite, zirconia, tungsten oxide, lithium fluoride, and calcium fluoride; styrene, acrylic, melamine, benzoguanamine, silicone, and other organic polymer particles; and the like.
The average particle size of the particles in the coating layer (average particle size based on the number of particles measured with a scanning electron microscope (SEM); hereafter the same) is preferably 0.04 to 2.0 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 μm. Inert particles having an average particle size of 0.04 μm or more are preferred because they facilitate formation of unevenness on the film surface, resulting in improved handling properties of the film, such as sliding properties and winding properties, and good processability during bonding. Inert particles having an average particle size of 2.0 μm or less are preferred because they are less likely to drop off. The particle concentration in the coating layer is preferably 1 to 20 mass % in the solid components.
The average particle size of the particles is measured by observing the particles in the cross-section of the laminated polyester film with a scanning electron microscope. Specifically, 30 particles are observed, and the average value of the particle sizes of the particles is defined as the average particle size.
The shape of the particles is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the object of the present invention, and spherical particles and non-spherical particles having an irregular shape can be used. The particle size of particles having an irregular shape can be calculated as an equivalent circle diameter. The equivalent circle diameter is a value obtained by dividing the area of the observed particle by n, calculating the square root, and doubling the value of the square root.
The method for producing the laminated polyester film of the present invention is described, taking a case using a polyethylene terephthalate (which hereinafter may be referred to as “PET”) film substrate as an example. However, naturally, the method of the present invention is not limited to this example.
After a PET resin is sufficiently dried in vacuum, the resin is fed into an extruder, and the melted PET resin at about 280° C. is melt-extruded in a sheet form from a T-die onto a rotating cooling roll, followed by cooling and solidifying the sheet by an electrostatic application to form an unstretched PET sheet. The unstretched PET sheet may be single-layered, or may be multilayered by a coextrusion method.
The obtained unstretched PET sheet is subjected to uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching for crystal orientation. For example, in the case of biaxial stretching, the unstretched PET sheet is stretched 2.5- to 5.0-fold in the longitudinal direction with rolls heated to 80 to 120° C. to obtain a uniaxially stretched PET film; the film is then held with clips at the ends thereof and guided to a hot-air zone heated to 80 to 180° C., followed by stretching 2.5- to 5.0-fold in the width direction. In the case of uniaxial stretching, the unstretched PET sheet is stretched 2.5- to 5.0-fold in a tenter. After stretching, the resulting film is guided to a heat treatment zone for heat treatment to complete crystal orientation.
The lower limit of the temperature of the heat treatment zone is preferably 170° C., and more preferably 180° C. A heat treatment zone temperature of 170° C. or more is preferred because curing sufficiently proceeds, good blocking resistance are obtained in the presence of liquid water, and drying does not take a long time. The upper limit of the temperature of the heat treatment zone is preferably 230° C., and more preferably 200° C. A heat treatment zone temperature of 230° C. or less is preferred because it reduces the likelihood of the physical properties of the film deteriorating.
The coating layer may be formed after the production of the film or in the production process. In particular, in terms of productivity, the coating layer is preferably formed at any stage of the production process of the film; i.e., the coating layer is preferably formed by applying the coating liquid to at least one surface of the unstretched or uniaxially stretched PET film.
The coating liquid may be applied to the PET film by using a known method. Examples of the method include reverse roll coating, gravure coating, kiss coating, die coating, roll brush coating, spray coating, air knife coating, wire bar coating, a pipe doctor method, impregnation coating, curtain coating, and the like. These methods may be used singly or in combination for application of the coating liquid.
In the present invention, the thickness of the coating layer can be suitably determined within the range of 0.001 to 2.00 μm; however, in order to achieve both processability and adhesion, the thickness is preferably within the range of 0.01 to 1.00 μm, more preferably 0.02 to 0.80 μm, and even more preferably 0.05 to 0.50 μm. A coating layer thickness of 0.001 μm or more is preferred due to good adhesion. A coating layer thickness of 2.00 μm or less is preferred because blocking is less likely to occur.
The upper limit of the haze of the laminated polyester film of the present invention is preferably 1.5%, more preferably 1.3%, even more preferably 1.2%, and particularly preferably 1.0%. The laminated polyester film having a haze of 1.5% or less is preferred in terms of transparency, and can be suitably used for optical films that require transparency. A lower haze value is preferable. Ideally, a haze of 0% is most preferable; however, the haze may be 0.1% or more, and even a haze of 0.3% or more does not cause any practical problems.
Next, the present invention is described below in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following Examples. First, the evaluation methods used in the present invention are explained below.
The haze of the obtained laminated polyester films was measured using a turbidimeter (NDH5000, produced by Nippon Denshoku Industries, Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JIS K 7136: 2000.
Two sheets of the same film sample were superimposed in such a manner that their coating layer surfaces faced each other. A load of 98 kPa was applied so that the two sheets of the same film sample were in close contact with each other and allowed to stand in an atmosphere of 50° C. for 24 hours. The two sheets of the same film sample was then detached from each other, and the detached state was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: The two sheets can easily be detached from each other, without any transfer of one coating layer to another.
B: The coating layers are basically maintained, but the surface layer of one coating layer is partially transferred to the opposing surface.
C: The two sheets are tightly adhered to each other in such a manner that the sheets cannot be detached from each other; or, even if the two sheets can be detached from each other, cleavage in the film substrates occurs.
A print was famed on a coating layer of a laminated polyester film using a UV ink (produced by T&K TOKA Co., Ltd., trade name “Best Cure UV161 Indigo S”) with an “RI Tester” (trade name; produced by Akira Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) printing machine. Subsequently, the film coated with the ink layer was irradiated with 40 mJ/cm2 of UV light using a high-pressure mercury lamp to thereby cure the UV-curable ink. Subsequently, cuts that reached the film substrate through the ink layer were made to form a grid of 100 squares on the ink layer surface using a cutter guide with spaced intervals of 2 mm. Next, Cellophane adhesive tape (produced by Nichiban Co., Ltd., No. 405, width: 24 mm) was applied to the cut surface in the form of a grid, and rubbed with an eraser to ensure complete adhesion. The Cellophane adhesive tape was then vertically peeled off from the ink layer surface of the ink laminated film, and the number of squares peeled off from the ink layer surface of the ink laminated film was visually counted to determine the adhesion between the ink layer and the film substrate according to the following formula. The squares that were partially peeled off were also counted as being peeled off. In the evaluation of ink adhesion, 100(%) was rated as acceptable.
Ink adhesion (%)=100−(Number of squares that peeled off)
A coating liquid for forming a hardcoat layer of the following composition was applied to the coating layer of the laminated polyester film using a #5 wire bar, and dried at 80° C. for 1 minute. After the solvent was removed, the laminated polyester film having a hardcoat layer famed thereon by the application was irradiated with 300 mJ/cm2 of ultraviolet rays using a high-pressure mercury lamp to thereby obtain a hard-coated laminated polyester film.
Subsequently, cuts that reached the film substrate through the ink layer were made to form a grid of 100 squares on the hardcoat layer surface using a cutter guide with spaced intervals of 2 mm. Next, Cellophane adhesive tape (produced by Nichiban Co., Ltd., No. 405, width: 24 mm) was applied to the cut surface in the form of a grid, and rubbed with an eraser to ensure complete adhesion. The Cellophane adhesive tape was then vertically peeled off from the hardcoat layer surface of the hard-coated laminated film, and the number of squares peeled off from the hardcoat layer surface of the hard-coated laminated film was visually counted to determine the adhesion between the hardcoat layer and the film substrate according to the following formula. The squares that were partially peeled off were also counted as being peeled off. In the evaluation of adhesion to a hardcoat layer, 95(%) was graded as acceptable.
Adhesion to hardcoat layer (%)=100−(Number of squares that peeled off)
High-purity terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol were placed at a molar ratio of 1:2 in a 2-liter stainless steel autoclave with a stirrer. Triethylamine was added in an amount of 0.3 mol % relative to the acid component. An esterification reaction was performed while water was distilled off from the reaction system at 250° C. under a pressure of 0.25 MPa to obtain a mixture of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate and an oligomer having an esterification ratio of about 95% (hereinafter referred to as a BHET mixture). Subsequently, while stirring the BHET mixture, a solution of antimony trioxide in ethylene glycol was added as a polymerization catalyst in an amount of 0.04 mol % in terms of antimony atoms relative to the acid component in the polyester, and the resulting mixture was further continuously stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at normal pressure at 250° C. for 10 minutes. Thereafter, while the temperature was raised to 280° C. over a period of 60 minutes, the pressure of the reaction system was gradually reduced to 13.3 Pa (0.1 Torr), and a polycondensation reaction was further performed at 280° C. and 13.3 Pa. After releasing the pressure, the resin under slight pressure was discharged in a strand shape into cold water, and quenched; then, it was maintained in the cold water for 20 seconds. The strands were cut into cylindrical pellets with a length of about 3 mm and a diameter of about 2 mm.
The polyester pellets obtained by melt-polymerization were dried under reduced pressure (at 13.3 Pa or less at 80° C. for 12 hours), and subsequently subjected to crystallization treatment (at 13.3 Pa or less at 130° C. for 3 hours, and further at 13.3 Pa or less at 160° C. for 3 hours). After cooling, the polyester pellets were subjected to solid-phase polymerization in a solid-phase polymerization reactor while the reaction system was maintained at a pressure of 13.3 Pa or less and at a temperature of 215° C. Polyester pellet P-1 with an intrinsic viscosity (solvent: phenol/tetrachloroethane=60/40) of 0.62 dl/g was thus obtained.
A 20 g/l aqueous basic aluminum acetate (hydroxyaluminum diacetate; produced by Aldrich) solution that was prepared by heat treatment with stirring at 80° C. for 2 hours, and whose peak position chemical shift to a lower field side in a 27Al-NMR spectrum was confirmed was placed with an equal volume (volume ratio) of ethylene glycol in a flask, and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. Water was then distilled off from the reaction system with stirring at 90 to 110° C. under reduced pressure (133 Pa) for several hours to prepare a 20 g/l solution of the aluminum compound in ethylene glycol.
As a phosphorus compound, Irganox 1222 (produced by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) was placed in a flask together with ethylene glycol, and heated with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere at a liquid temperature of 160° C. for 25 hours to prepare a 50 g/l solution of the phosphorus compound in ethylene glycol. 31P-NMR spectroscopy confirmed a roughly 60 mol % conversion to hydroxyl groups.
The solution of the aluminum compound in ethylene glycol obtained above in section Preparation of Aluminum Compound and the solution of the phosphorus compound in ethylene glycol obtained above in section Preparation of Phosphorus Compound were placed in a flask and mixed at room temperature to achieve a molar ratio of aluminum atoms to phosphorus atoms of 1:2, and stirred for 1 day to prepare a catalyst solution. The 27Al-NMR spectrum and 31P-NMR spectrum measurement results of the mixture solution both confirmed a chemical shift.
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in section Production of Polyester Pellet P-1, except that the mixture of the solution of the aluminum compound in ethylene glycol/the solution of the phosphorus compound in ethylene glycol was used as a polycondensation catalyst and that this catalyst was added in an amount such that the resulting polyester mixture contained aluminum atoms in an amount of 0.014 mol % and phosphorus atoms in an amount of 0.028 mol %, relative to the acid component of the polyester. Polyester pellet P-2 with an intrinsic viscosity (solvent: phenol/tetrachloroethane=60/40) of 0.65 dl/g was thus obtained.
When a urethane resin having a polycarbonate structure is subjected to proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), a peak derived from a methylene group adjacent to an OCOO bond is observed around 4.1 ppm. Further, in a field higher than this peak by about 0.2 ppm, a peak derived from a methylene group adjacent to a urethane bond formed by a reaction of polyisocyanate and polycarbonate polyol is also observed. The number average molecular weight of polycarbonate polyol was calculated from integral values of these two kinds of peaks and molecular weights of the monomers constituting the polycarbonate polyol.
27.5 parts by mass of hydrogenated m-xylylene diisocyanate, 6.5 parts by mass of dimethylolpropanoic acid, 61 parts by mass of polyhexamethylene carbonate diol having a number average molecular weight of 1800, 5 parts by mass of neopentyl glycol, and 84.00 parts by mass of acetone as a solvent were placed into a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a Dimroth condenser, a nitrogen introduction tube, a silica gel drying tube, and a thermometer. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached a predetermined amine equivalent. Subsequently, 2.2 parts by mass of trimethylol propane was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1 hour, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached a predetermined amine equivalent. After the temperature of this reaction mixture was reduced to 40° C., 5.17 parts by mass of triethylamine was added to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer solution. Subsequently, 450 g of water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a homodisper capable of high-speed stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 25° C. While the resulting mixture was mixed with stirring at 2000 min−1, a polyurethane prepolymer solution was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Acetone and a portion of water were then removed under reduced pressure, thus preparing a water-dispersible urethane resin solution (A-1) with a solids content of 34 mass %.
25 parts by mass of 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 5 parts by mass of dimethylolpropanoic acid, 52 parts by mass of polyhexamethylene carbonate diol having a number average molecular weight of 2600, 6 parts by mass of neopentyl glycol, and 84.00 parts by mass of acetone as a solvent were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a Dimroth condenser, a nitrogen introduction tube, a silica gel drying tube, and a thermometer. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. Subsequently, 10 parts by mass of a polyisocyanate compound having an isocyanurate structure (Duranate TPA, produced by Asahi Kasei Corporation, trifunctional compound) prepared using hexamethylene diisocyanate as a starting material was added. The resulting mixture was stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 1 hour, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. The temperature of the reaction mixture was then reduced to 50° C., and 4 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketoxime was added dropwise. After the temperature of the reaction mixture was reduced to 40° C., 5.17 parts by mass of triethylamine was added to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer solution. Subsequently, 450 g of water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a homodisper capable of high-speed stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 25° C. While the resulting mixture was mixed by stirring at 2000 min−1, a polyurethane prepolymer solution was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Acetone and a portion of water were then removed under reduced pressure, thus preparing a water-dispersible urethane resin solution (A-2) with a solids content of 35 mass %.
22 parts by mass of 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 20 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether having a number average molecular weight of 700, 53 parts by mass of polyhexamethylene carbonate diol having a number average molecular weight of 2100, 5 parts by mass of neopentyl glycol, and 84.00 parts by mass of acetone as a solvent were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a Dimroth condenser, a nitrogen introduction tube, a silica gel drying tube, and a thermometer. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. Subsequently, 9 parts by mass of a polyisocyanate compound having an isocyanurate structure (Duranate TPA, produced by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation, trifunctional compound) prepared using hexamethylene diisocyanate as a starting material was added. The resulting mixture was stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 1 hour, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. The temperature of the reaction mixture was then reduced to 50° C., and 4 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketoxime was added dropwise. After the temperature of the reaction mixture was reduced to 40° C., a polyurethane prepolymer solution was obtained. Subsequently, 450 g of water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a homodisper capable of high-speed stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 25° C. While the resulting mixture was mixed by stirring at 2000 min−1, a polyurethane prepolymer solution was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Acetone and a portion of water were then removed under reduced pressure to obtain a water-dispersible urethane resin solution (A-3) with a solids content of 35 mass %.
22 parts by mass of 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 3 parts by mass of dimethylol butanoic acid, 74 parts by mass of polyhexamethylene carbonate diol having a number average molecular weight of 2000, 1 part by mass of neopentyl glycol, and 84.00 parts by mass of acetone as a solvent were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a Dimroth condenser, a nitrogen introduction tube, a silica gel drying tube, and a thermometer. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. Subsequently, 2 parts by mass of trimethylolpropane was added. The resulting mixture was stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 1 hour, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. Subsequently, after the temperature of the reaction mixture was reduced to 40° C., 8.77 parts by mass of triethylamine was added to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer solution. Subsequently, 450 g of water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a homodisper capable of high-speed stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 25° C. While the resulting mixture was mixed by stirring at 2000 min−1, a polyurethane prepolymer solution was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Acetone and a portion of water were then removed under reduced pressure, thus preparing a water-dispersible urethane resin solution (A-4) with a solids content of 34 mass %.
47 parts by mass of 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 21 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether having a number average molecular weight of 700, 20 parts by mass of polyhexamethylene carbonate diol having a number average molecular weight of 1200, 12 parts by mass of neopentyl glycol, and 84.00 parts by mass of acetone as a solvent were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a Dimroth condenser, a nitrogen introduction tube, a silica gel drying tube, and a thermometer. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. Subsequently, 2.5 parts by mass of trimethylolpropane was added. The resulting mixture was stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 1 hour, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. Subsequently, after the temperature of this reaction mixture had been reduced to 40° C., 8.77 parts by mass of triethylamine was added to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer solution. Subsequently, 450 g of water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a homodisper capable of high-speed stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 25° C. While the resulting mixture was mixed by stirring at 2000 min−1, a polyurethane prepolymer solution was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Acetone and a portion of water were then removed under reduced pressure to obtain a water-dispersible urethane resin solution (A-5) with a solids content of 34 mass %.
23.5 parts by mass of 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 4.5 parts by mass of dimethylol butanoic acid, 70 parts by mass of polyhexamethylene carbonate diol having a number average molecular weight of 2000, 2 parts by mass of neopentyl glycol, and 84.00 parts by mass of acetone as a solvent were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a Dimroth condenser, a nitrogen introduction tube, a silica gel drying tube, and a thermometer. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. Subsequently, after the temperature of the reaction mixture was reduced to 40° C., 8.77 parts by mass of triethylamine was added to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer solution. Subsequently, 450 g of water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a homodisper capable of high-speed stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 25° C. While the resulting mixture was mixed by stirring at 2000 min−1, a polyurethane prepolymer solution was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Acetone and a portion of water were then removed under reduced pressure, thus preparing a water-dispersible urethane resin solution (A-6) with a solids content of 34 mass %.
27.5 parts by mass of hydrogenated m-xylylene diisocyanate, 6.5 parts by mass of dimethylol propanoic acid, 60 parts by mass of polyhexamethylene carbonate diol having a number average molecular weight of 1800, 6 parts by mass of neopentyl glycol, and 84.00 parts by mass of acetone as a solvent were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a Dimroth condenser, a nitrogen introduction tube, a silica gel drying tube, and a thermometer. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. After the temperature of the reaction mixture was reduced to 40° C., 5.17 parts by mass of triethylamine was added to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer solution. Subsequently, 450 g of water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a homodisper capable of high-speed stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 25° C. While the resulting mixture was mixed by stirring at 2000 min−1, a polyurethane prepolymer solution was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Acetone and a portion of water were then removed under reduced pressure, thus preparing a water-dispersible urethane resin solution (A-7) with a solids content of 34 mass %.
400 by mass of polycarbonate polyol comprising 1,6-hexanediol and diethyl carbonate and having a number average molecular weight of 2000, 10.4 parts by mass of neopentyl glycol, 58.4 parts by mass of isophorone diisocyanate, 74.3 parts by mass of dimethylol butanoic acid, and 320 parts by mass of acetone as a solvent were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a Dimroth condenser, a nitrogen introduction tube, a silica gel drying tube, and a thermometer. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. After the temperature of the reaction mixture was reduced to 40° C., isophoronediamine was added to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer solution. Subsequently, 1200 g of water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a homodisper capable of high-speed stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 25° C. While the resulting mixture was mixed by stirring at 2000 min−1, a polyurethane prepolymer solution was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Acetone and a portion of water were then removed under reduced pressure, thus preparing a water-dispersible urethane resin solution (A-8) with a solids content of 34 mass %.
75 parts by weight of a polyester polyol containing terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol as components and having a molecular weight of 5000, 30 parts by weight of hydrogenated m-xylene diisocyanate, 7 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 6 parts by weight of dimethylol propionic acid, and 84.00 parts by mass of acetone as a solvent were added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 75° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, and the reaction mixture was confirmed to have reached the predetermined amine equivalent. Subsequently, after the temperature of the reaction mixture was reduced to 40° C., 5.17 parts by mass of triethylamine was added to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer solution. Subsequently, 450 g of water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a homodisper capable of high-speed stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 25° C. While the resulting mixture was mixed by stirring at 2000 min−1, a polyurethane prepolymer solution was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Acetone and a portion of water were then removed under reduced pressure, thus preparing a water-dispersible urethane resin solution (A-9) with a solids content of 34 mass %.
66.04 parts by mass of a polyisocyanate compound having an isocyanurate structure (Duranate TPA, produced by Asahi Kasei Corporation) prepared using hexamethylene diisocyanate as a starting material, and 17.50 parts by mass of N-methylpyrrolidone were placed in a flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux condenser tube. 23.27 parts by mass of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (dissociation temperature: 120° C., boiling point: 218° C.) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was maintained in a nitrogen atmosphere at 70° C. for 1 hour, and 8.3 parts by mass of dimethylolpropanoic acid was then added dropwise. After the reaction mixture was subjected to infrared spectrum measurement and the disappearance of the isocyanate group absorption peak was confirmed, 5.59 parts by mass of N,N-dimethylethanolamine and 132.5 parts by mass of water were added, thus obtaining an aqueous blocked polyisocyanate dispersion (B-1) with a solids content of 40 mass %. The blocked isocyanate crosslinking agent had four functional groups, and an NCO equivalent of 280.
100 parts by mass of a polyisocyanate compound having an isocyanurate structure (Duranate TPA, produced by Asahi Kasei Corporation) prepared using hexamethylene diisocyanate as a starting material, 55 parts by mass of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and 30 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (average molecular weight: 750) were placed in a flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux condenser tube. The resulting mixture was maintained in a nitrogen atmosphere at 70° C. for 4 hours. The temperature of the reaction mixture was then reduced to 50° C., and 49 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketoxime was added dropwise. After the reaction mixture was subjected to infrared spectrum measurement and the disappearance of the isocyanate group absorption peak was confirmed, 210 parts by mass of water was added, thus obtaining an oxime-blocked isocyanate crosslinking agent (B-2) with a solids content of 40 mass %. The blocked isocyanate crosslinking agent had three functional groups, and an NCO equivalent of 170.
168 parts by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 220 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (M400, average molecular weight: 400) were placed in a flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux condenser and stirred at 120° C. for 1 hour. Further, 26 parts by mass of 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and 3.8 parts by mass of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phosphorene-1-oxide (2 mass % of total isocyanate) as a carbodiimidating catalyst were added. The resulting mixture was further stirred in a stream of nitrogen at 185° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was subjected to infrared spectrum measurement, and the disappearance of an absorption peak at a wavelength of 220 to 2300 cm−1 was confirmed. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 60° C., 567 parts by mass of ion exchange water was added. An aqueous carbodiimide resin solution (B-3) with a solids content of 40 mass % was thus obtained.
After 33.6 parts by weight of hexamethylene diisocyanate was added to 200 parts by weight of a polyester (molecular weight: 2000) of a 2-mol ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and maleic acid, a reaction was allowed to proceed at 100° C. for 2 hours. Subsequently, the temperature of the reaction system was once reduced to 50° C., and 73 parts by weight of an aqueous 30% sodium bisulfite solution was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 45° C. for 60 minutes, and then diluted with 718 parts by weight of water, thus obtaining an aqueous blocked polyisocyanate dispersion (B-1) with a solids content of 20 mass %. The blocked isocyanate crosslinking agent had two functional groups, and an NCO equivalent of 1300.
194.2 parts by mass of dimethyl terephthalate, 184.5 parts by mass of dimethyl isophthalate, 14.8 parts by mass of dimethyl-5-sodium sulfoisophthalate, 233.5 parts by mass of diethylene glycol, 136.6 parts by mass of ethylene glycol, and 0.2 parts by mass of tetra-n-butyl titanate were placed in a stainless steel autoclave equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a partial reflux condenser. A transesterification reaction was performed at a temperature of 160 to 220° C. for 4 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to 255° C., and the pressure of the reaction system was gradually reduced. A reaction was then performed at a reduced pressure of 30 Pa for one hour and a half, thus obtaining a copolyester resin (C-1). The obtained copolyester resin (C-1) was pale yellow and transparent. The reduced viscosity of the copolyester resin (C-1) was measured to be 0.70 dl/g. The glass transition temperature as measured by DSC was 40° C.
Fifteen parts by mass of the polyester resin (C-1) and 15 parts by mass of ethylene glycol n-butyl ether were placed in a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux condenser. The resulting mixture was heated at 110° C. and stirred to dissolve the resin. After the resin was completely dissolved, 70 parts by mass of water was gradually added to the polyester solution while stirring. After the addition, the resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature while stirring, thus preparing a milky-white aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-1) with a solids content of 15 mass %.
342.0 parts by mass of dimethyl 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate, 35.0 parts by mass of dimethyl terephthalate, 35.5 parts by mass of dimethyl-5-sodium sulfoisophthalate, 198.6 parts by mass of ethylene glycol, 118.2 parts by mass of 1,6-hexanediol, and 0.4 parts by mass of tetra-n-butyl titanate were placed in a stainless steel autoclave equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a partial reflux condenser. A transesterification reaction was performed at a temperature of 160 to 220° C. for 4 hours. Further, 60.7 parts by mass of sebacic acid was added, and an esterification reaction was performed. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to 255° C., and the pressure of the reaction system was gradually reduced. A reaction was then performed at a reduced pressure of 30 Pa for one hour and a half, thus obtaining a copolyester resin (C-2). The obtained copolyester resin was pale yellow and transparent.
30 parts by mass of the copolyester resin (C-2) and 15 parts by mass of ethylene glycol n-butyl ether were placed in a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux condenser. The resulting mixture was heated at 110° C. and stirred to dissolve the resin. After the resin was completely dissolved, 55 parts by mass of water was gradually added to the polyester solution while stirring. After the addition, the resulting liquid was cooled to room temperature while stirring, thus preparing a milky-white aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-2) with a solids content of 25 mass %.
The following coating components were mixed in a mixed solvent of water and isopropanol to prepare a coating liquid having a mass ratio of urethane resin solution (A-1)/crosslinking agent (B-1)/aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-1) of 25/26/49 based on solid content.
Urethane resin solution (A-1): 3.55 parts by mass
Crosslinking agent (B-1): 3.16 parts by mass
Aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-1): 16.05 parts by mass
Particles (dry-process silica with an average
particle size of 200 nm, solid content
concentration: 3.5 mass %): 0.47 parts by mass
Particles (silica sol with an average particle
size of 40 to 50 nm, solid content
concentration: 30 mass %): 1.85 parts by mass
Surfactant (silicone-based surfactant,
solid content concentration: 10 mass %): 0.30 parts by mass
As a film material polymer, the above polyester pellets P-1 were dried under a reduced pressure of 133 Pa at 135° C. for 6 hours. The dried pellets were then fed to an extruder, melted, and extruded in the form of a sheet at about 280° C. The resulting product was then quickly cooled, adhered, and solidified on a rotating cooling metal roll whose surface temperature was maintained at 20° C., to obtain an unstretched PET sheet.
The unstretched PET sheet was heated to 100° C. using a group of heated rolls and an infrared heater, and then stretched 3.5-fold in the longitudinal direction using a group of rolls differing in peripheral speed, thus obtaining a uniaxially stretched PET film.
Subsequently, the coating liquid, which was allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 hours or more, was applied to one side of the PET film by roll-coating and then dried at 80° C. for 20 seconds. The coating amount was adjusted so that the final amount of the dried coating layer (after biaxial stretching) was 0.15 g/m2 (coating layer thickness after drying: 150 nm). Subsequently, the film was stretched 4.0-fold in the width direction at 120° C. using a tenter, heated at 230° C. for 5 seconds with the length of the film in the width direction being fixed, and then subjected to a 3% relaxation treatment in the width direction at 100° C. for 10 seconds, thus obtaining a 100 μm laminated polyester film. Table 1 shows evaluation results.
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-2).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-3).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the crosslinking agent was changed to crosslinking agent (B-2).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-2) and the crosslinking agent was changed to crosslinking agent (B-2).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-3) and the crosslinking agent was changed to crosslinking agent (B-2).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the following coating components were mixed in a mixed solvent of water and isopropanol to achieve a mass ratio of urethane resin solution (A-2)/total of crosslinking agents (B-1 and B-2)/aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-1) 25/25/50 based on solid content.
Urethane resin solution (A-1): 3.55 parts by mass
Crosslinking agent (B-1): 2.10 parts by mass
Crosslinking agent (B-2): 1.00 part by mass
Aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-1): 16.20 parts by mass
Particles (dry-process silica with an average
particle size of 200 nm, solid content
concentration: 3.5 mass %): 0.47 parts by mass
Particles (silica sol with an average
particle size of 40 to 50 nm, solid content
concentration: 30 mass %): 1.85 parts by mass
Surfactant (silicone-based surfactant,
solid content concentration: 10 mass %): 0.30 parts by mass
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-2).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the following coating components were mixed in a mixed solvent of water and isopropanol to achieve a mass ratio of urethane resin solution (A-1)/crosslinking agent (B-1)/aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-1) ratio of 22/10/68 based on solid content.
Urethane resin solution (A-1): 2.71 parts by mass
Crosslinking agent (B-1) 1.00 part by mass
Aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-1): 19.05 parts by mass
Particle (dry process-silica with an average
particle diameter of 200 nm, solid content
concentration: 3.5 mass %): 0.47 parts by mass
Particle (silica sol with an average particle
diameter of 40 to 50 nm, solid content concentration: 30 mass %): 1.85 parts by mass
Surfactant (silicone-based surfactant,
solid content concentration: 10 mass %): 0.30 parts by mass
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-2).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-3).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the crosslinking agent was changed to crosslinking agent (B-3).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-4).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-5).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polyester pellets as a film material polymer were changed to polyester pellets (P-2).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-6).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-7).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-6).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-7).
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the target mass ratio of urethane resin solution (A-6)/crosslinking agent (B-1)/aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-2) based on solid content was changed to 38/7/55.
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the target mass ratio of urethane resin solution (A-8)/crosslinking agent (B-4)/aqueous polyester dispersion (Cw-2) based on solid content was changed to 22/12/66.
As shown in Table 1, the laminated polyester films obtained in the Examples were satisfactory in terms of haze, blocking resistance, adhesion to UV ink, and adhesion to a hardcoat layer. Further, the laminated polyester film obtained in Example 15 using polyester pellet P-2 had a haze value smaller than those of the laminated polyester coating films produced using polyester pellet P-1 in Examples 1 to 14, and was thus confirmed to have enhanced film transparency. In contrast, in Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the coating layer formed on at least one surface of the polyester film substrate did not contain a urethane resin having a branched structure; therefore, the laminated polyester films had unsatisfactory blocking resistance.
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the following coating components were mixed in a mixed solvent of water and isopropanol to achieve a ratio of urethane resin solution (A-1)/crosslinking agent (B-1) of 70/30 based on solid content.
Urethane resin solution (A-1): 9.03 parts by mass
Crosslinking agent (B-1): 3.38 parts by mass
Particles (dry-process silica with an average
particle diameter of 200 nm, solid content
concentration: 3.5%): 0.52 parts by mass
Particles (silica sol with an average
particle diameter of 40 nm, solid content
concentration: 30 mass %) 1.80 parts by mass
Surfactant (silicone-based surfactant, solid
content concentration: 10 mass %) 0.30 parts by mass
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the following coating components were mixed in a mixed solvent of water and isopropanol in an amount to achieve a ratio of urethane resin solution (A-1)/crosslinking agent (B-1) of 20/80 based on solid content.
Urethane resin solution (A-1): 2.58 parts by mass
Crosslinking agent (B-1): 9.00 parts by mass
Particles (dry-process silica with an
average particle diameter of 200 nm,
solid content concentration: 3.5 mass %): 0.52 parts by mass
Particles (silica sol with an average
particle diameter of 40 nm, solid content
concentration: 30 mass %): 1.80 parts by mass
Surfactant (silicone-based surfactant,
solid content concentration: 10 mass %): 0.30 parts by mass.
As shown in Table 1, since the coating layer formed on at least one surface of the polyester film substrate in Comparative Examples 7 and 8 did not contain a polyester resin, the adhesion between the coating layer and the substrate was low, and the polyester film was unsatisfactory in terms of adhesion to UV ink.
A laminated polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the urethane resin was changed to urethane resin (A-9).
As shown in Table 1, since the coating layer formed on at least one surface of the polyester film substrate in Comparative Example 9 did not contain a urethane resin having a polycarbonate structure, the polyester film of Comparative Example 9 was unsatisfactory in terms of adhesion to UV ink.
Table 1 summarizes evaluation results of the Examples and Comparative Examples.
According to the present invention, a laminated polyester film that is suitable for use in all fields, such as optical, packaging, and labeling applications, can be provided.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-058188 | Mar 2019 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2020/008630 | 3/2/2020 | WO | 00 |
