Patent Application
20170307648
The present invention relates to a laser radar device for measuring a value of wind speed in an observation space.
A radar device is known as a device for measuring the position of an object located in a remote observation space. The radar device emits a wave such as an electromagnetic wave or sound wave toward the observation space, and receives a wave reflected by a target object. The distance and angle from the radar device to the object is measured by analyzing the received signal.
Among radar devices, a meteorological radar device is known that observes very small airborne liquid or solid particles (aerosols) in the atmosphere, and detects a velocity of aerosol movement (that is, a wind velocity) from the amount of phase rotation of the reflected wave. Among meteorological radar devices, a laser radar device using light as the electromagnetic wave has a very narrow beam width that allows observation of an object at high angle resolution. Thus, laser radar devices are used as a radar device for measuring the speed and direction of wind.
A conventional Doppler lidar (LIght Detection And Ranging: Lidar) emits a laser beam of a single wavelength into the atmosphere, and carries out heterodyne detection of a received signal, thereby being able to obtain a value of wind speed in the direction of the laser beam. And then, the laser beam is scanned to obtain values of wind speed in multiple directions. Based on the obtained values of wind speed and vector operation, a value of wind speed in the horizontal direction can be obtained.
A conventional laser radar device sends out a laser beam into the atmosphere, and then receives the laser beam that has experienced a Doppler frequency shift caused by the velocity of aerosol movement in the atmosphere. Then, the device detects a Doppler signal corresponding to the wind velocity by carrying out heterodyne detection between the received laser beam and the local light. Here, in general, subsections of the light beam reflected from the aerosols in the atmosphere at individual heights obtained at each time period are referred to as range bins (see
After applying the Fourier transform within the range bin, the laser radar device carries out incoherent integration of N pulses as shown in
In practice, however, a turbulent flow 303 as shown in
(Time taken to measure wind velocity)−1∝(Wind velocity measurement accuracy) (1)
Generally, a time taken for a single measurement of a wind velocity has a correlation with the accuracy of wind velocity measurement. In particular, as for the measurement of a turbulent flow, there is a tendency that the shorter the measurement time is, the higher the wind velocity measurement accuracy is.
(Time taken to measure wind velocity)=(Time taken to acquire data in one direction)*M (where M is the number of lines of sight). (2)
Although there are many scanning methods such as scanning by mechanical drive using a wedge or scanning using an optical switch, the time taken for one cycle increases with the number of lines of sight to be observed because directions are switched.
(The number of lines of sight)∝(Wind velocity measurement accuracy). (3)
Because of the principle of the wind velocity calculation, the number of lines of sight is in proportion to the wind velocity measurement accuracy. In particular, the foregoing VAD method has a strong proportional relation because it uses a statistic.
(The number of lines of sight)∝(Time taken to measure wind velocity)−1 . (4)
According to the conventional configuration, the number of lines of sight is inversely proportional to the time taken to measure the wind velocity.
For the foregoing reasons, the conventional method of calculating a wind velocity in which measurement of observation per line of sight is carried out in a plurality of lines of sight presents a problem of deteriorating the wind velocity measurement accuracy in a turbulent field.
The present invention has been made to solve the foregoing problem. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a laser radar device capable of reducing the deterioration of the wind velocity measurement accuracy even in a turbulent field.
A laser radar device in accordance with the present invention includes, a multi-wavelength light oscillator to generate a plurality of light beams with different wavelengths, a plurality of modulation units to modulate each of the plurality of light beams generated by the multi-wavelength light oscillator with a modulation frequency altered according to a corresponding line of sight of emission, a transmitting/receiving unit to emit each of the light beams modulated by the modulation units in a corresponding line of sight, and receive reflected light beams, an optical receiver to perform heterodyne detection by using the light beams generated by the multi-wavelength light oscillator and the light beams that are received by the transmitting/receiving unit and corresponding to the generated light beams, and detect beat signals in the respective lines of sight, and a signal analyzing unit to calculate a value of Doppler wind speed in the respective lines of sight from the respective beat signals detected by the optical receiver, and calculate a value of three-dimensional wind speed using the values of Doppler wind speed.
Since the laser radar device according to an aspect of the present invention is configured above, the laser radar device can reduce the deterioration of the wind velocity measurement accuracy even in the turbulent field.
Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in
The multi-wavelength light oscillator 1 is a component for causing oscillations to occur at multiple wavelengths to generate a plurality of light beams (laser beams) with different wavelengths. According to the illustration in
The optical couplers 2 each split the light beam from the multi-wavelength light oscillator 1 into two ones. One of the two light beams output from the optical coupler 2 is to be used as a light beam to be transmitted, and therefore is output to a corresponding modulation unit 3. In addition, the other of the two light beams output from the optical coupler 2 is to be used to carry out heterodyne detection by the optical receiver 11, and therefore is output to the multiplexer 9.
The modulation units 3 each carry out modulation (pulse modulation) of the light beam output from the optical coupler 2 by altering modulation frequency (center frequency) according to line of sight in which the transmitting/receiving optical system 8 emits a light beam. An exemplary configuration of the modulation unit 3 includes an Acousto-Optic Modulator (AOM) and an AO frequency shifter. Alternatively, the modulation unit 3 may be configured as shown in
The modulation unit 3 that is shown in
The linear phase modulation signal generator 31 is a component for generating a sawtooth wave with any period. The linear phase modulation signal generator 31 may be configured using a function generator, for example.
The optical phase modulator 32 is a component for carrying out phase modulation of the light beam output from the optical coupler 2 in accordance with the sawtooth wave generated by the linear phase modulation signal generator 31. By this, the frequency of the light beam is shifted. An amount of frequency shift in frequency shifting may be set to any amount in each modulation units 3 to produce frequencies with any frequency interval.
The pulse signal generator 33 is a component for generating pulse signals for turning ON and OFF the optical intensity modulator 34.
The optical intensity modulator 34 is driven in response to the pulse signals generated by the pulse signal generator 33, and carries out pulse modulation of the phase modulated light beam from the optical phase modulator 32. The optical intensity modulator 34 may include a Lithium Niobate modulator (LN modulator), Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) optical switch, or the like.
The light beam that experiences pulse modulation by the modulation unit 3 is output to the multiplexer 4.
The multiplexer 4 is a component for multiplexing the light beams from the individual modulation units 3. The resultant multiplexed light beam obtained by multiplexing by the multiplexer 4 is output to the optical amplifier 5.
The optical amplifier 5 is a component for amplifying the light beam from the multiplexer 4. The optical amplifier 5 is provided optionally; the optical amplifier 5 is not necessary for some applications or if the optical output power of the multi-wavelength light oscillator 1 is high. The light beam amplified by the optical amplifier 5 is output to the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 via the circulator 6.
The circulator 6 is a component to switch output destination according to input light beam. The circulator 6 routes the light beam from the optical amplifier 5 to the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7, and routes the light beam from the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 to the multiplexing coupler 10.
The demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 demultiplexes the light beam fed from the optical amplifier 5 via the circulator 6 according to the different wavelengths, and multiplexes the light beams fed from the transmitting/receiving optical system 8. As the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7, a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) may be used, for example. Although the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 can also be implemented by using a Fabry-Perot interferometer, using a WDM that is widely used for conventional communications provides low loss and reduces cost. The demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 may be implemented by other devices that separate the light beam according to wavelength or frequency. The light beam demultiplexed by the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 is output to the transmitting/receiving optical system 8. The resultant light beam obtained from multiplexing by the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 is output to the multiplexing coupler 10 via the circulator 6.
The transmitting/receiving optical system 8 is a component for emitting the light beams from the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 in respective line of sight, and for receiving the light beams that are reflected by aerosols. The transmitting/receiving optical system 8 includes a single or a plurality of telescopes. In the case of a single telescope, emission angle and incident angle of light beam may be altered according to, for example, a position and angle of the fibers, or a diffraction grating that alters emission angle of light beam according to wavelength may be used. Light beams received by the transmitting/receiving optical system 8 are output to the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7.
The multiplexer 9 is a component for multiplexing the light beams from the optical couplers 2. The light beam resulting from the multiplexing by the multiplexer 9 is output to the multiplexing coupler 10.
The multiplexing coupler 10 is a component for multiplexing the light beam from the multiplexer 9 and the light beam from the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 via the circulator 6.
The optical receiver 11 is a component for carrying out heterodyne detection by using the light beams from the multiplexing coupler 10 (the light beam oscillated by the multi-wavelength light oscillator 1 and the corresponding light beam received by the transmitting/receiving optical system 8) to detect a beat signal for each line of sight. As the optical receiver 11, a balanced receiver may be used. The individual beat signals detected by the optical receiver 11 are output to the signal analyzing unit 12.
The signal analyzing unit 12 is a component for calculating a value of Doppler wind speed from a beat signal supplied from the optical receiver 11 for each line of sight, and for calculating a value of three-dimensional wind speed using the values of Doppler wind speed. As shown in
The A/D conversion unit 121 converts each beat signal from the optical receiver 11 into a digital signal.
The FFT processing unit 122 carries out FFT processing on each digitized signal converted by the A/D conversion unit 121.
The incoherent integration unit 123 carries out incoherent integration of the signals that are obtained by the FFT processing by the FFT processing unit 122.
The line-of-sight wind velocity calculating unit 124 carries out peak detection, gravity center calculation, or other processing on the signals that are obtained by the incoherent integration by the incoherent integration unit 123 to calculate a Doppler frequency, and calculates a value of Doppler wind speed for each line of sight from the Doppler frequency.
The wind velocity vector calculating unit 125 calculates a value of three-dimensional wind speed (a value of wind speed in the horizontal direction or vertical direction) from the values of Doppler speed in plural directions calculated by the line-of-sight wind velocity calculating unit 124.
The data that shows a calculation result by the signal analyzing unit 12 is output to the storing and displaying unit 13.
The storing and displaying unit 13 stores the data from the signal analyzing unit 12, and displays the stored data on a monitor (not shown). The storing and displaying unit 13 includes a storing device such as a RAM or a hard disk, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a display, and so on.
In the following, the operation of the laser radar device configured as described above will be described with reference to
As shown in
Next, the modulation units 3 each carries out pulse modulation of the light beam from the corresponding optical coupler 2 with a modulation frequency altered according to a line of sight in which the transmitting/receiving optical system 8 emits a light beam (step ST402). More specifically, the individual modulation units 3-1 to 3-3 shown in
Next, the multiplexer 4 multiplexes the light beams from the modulation units 3, the optical amplifier 5 amplifies the light beam resulting from the multiplexing, and the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 demultiplexes the amplified light beam into ones with each wavelength (step ST403). Thus providing the multiplexer 4 before the optical amplifier 5 and the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 after the circulator 6 can obviate the need for preparing the optical amplifier 5 and circulator 6 for each wavelength. That is, it is sufficient to provide a single pair of the optical amplifier 5 and the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7. Therefore, this arrangement contributes to the downsizing of the device and the cost reduction of making the device. Note that the amplification is not performed if the optical amplifier 5 is not necessary. The resultant light beams demultiplexed by the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 are output to the transmitting/receiving optical system 8.
Next, the transmitting/receiving optical system 8 emits the light beams from the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 into corresponding lines of sight and receives the light beams reflected by aerosols, and the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 multiplexes the received light beams (step ST404). The light beam resulting from the multiplexing by the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 is output to the multiplexing coupler 10 via the circulator 6.
On the other hand, the multiplexer 9 multiplexes the light beams from the optical couplers 2 (step ST405). Thus providing the multiplexer 9 at the stage before the multiplexing coupler 10 and optical receiver 11 can obviate the need for preparing the multiplexing coupler 10 and optical receiver 11 for each wavelength. That is, it is sufficient to provide a single multiplexing coupler 10 and a single optical receiver 11. In addition, when carrying out the heterodyne detection, since the optical receiver 11 has a characteristic of being able to detect the beat signal only if the wavelengths are the same, the present configuration can contribute to the downsizing and cost reduction of the device. The resultant light beam multiplexed by the multiplexer 9 is output to the multiplexing coupler 10.
Next, the multiplexing coupler 10 multiplexes the light beam from the multiplexer 9 and the light beam from the demultiplexer/multiplexer 7 via the circulator 6 (step ST406). The light beam resulting from the multiplexing by the multiplexing coupler 10 is output to the optical receiver 11.
Next, the optical receiver 11 carries out heterodyne detection using the light beam from the multiplexing coupler 10 to detect beat signals corresponding to the lines of sight (step ST407). The individual beat signals detected by the optical receiver 11 are output to the signal analyzing unit 12.
Next, the signal analyzing unit 12 calculates a value of Doppler wind speed for each line of sight from the beat signal from the optical receiver 11, and calculates a value of three-dimensional wind speed from the values of Doppler wind speed (step ST408). The operation of the signal analyzing unit 12 will be described below.
In the signal analyzing unit 12, the A/D conversion unit 121 first carries out the A/D conversion of each beat signal from the optical receiver 11, and then the FFT processing unit 122 performs the FFT processing of each digitized signal. More specifically, FFT processing is made to the A/D converted broadband signals, thereby obtaining a frequency bandwidth of IF±fw as the spectral data for each line of sight. Therefore, the signals are distinguished from each other according to line of sight in the signal analyzing unit 12. Note that the frequency bandwidth of the spectral data occupied by each channel may be set to IF+2fw+α (α is a margin).
The fw can be calculated from the one side width vw and the wavelength λ of the value of wind speed to be measured, according to the following Expression (1). When the value of wind speed to be measured is, for example, ±30 m/s, the “one side width” of the value of wind speed is its absolute value 30.
fw=(2/λ)*vw (1)
On the other hand, in observations in which aerosols are targeted, since a back scattering coefficient is low, it is necessary to improve the SNR by integration. For this reason, the incoherent integration unit 123 carries out incoherent integration of the individual signals (one or more spectral data) that has passed through the FFT processing by the FFT processing unit 122. Note that, depending on values of SNR of the spectral data obtained by the FFT processing unit 122, the processing by the incoherent integration unit 123 may be omitted.
After that, the line-of-sight wind velocity calculating unit 124 calculates Doppler frequencies from the signals resulting from the incoherent integration by the incoherent integration unit 123 by carrying out peak detection or gravity center calculation, and calculates values of Doppler wind speed in the individual lines of sight from the Doppler frequencies. Note that a value of Doppler wind speed vl o s (m/s) can be calculated by the following Expression (2) using a Doppler frequency fd (Hz) and wavelength λ.
v
l o s
=λ*fd (2)
After that, the wind velocity vector calculating unit 125 calculates a value of three-dimensional wind speed from the values of Doppler wind speed in multiple directions calculated by the line-of-sight wind velocity calculating unit 124.
Note that another signal processing method that is different from the above-explained one may be used. For example, signal processing method may depend on an SNR obtained, as in Patent Document 1.
The data indicating the calculation result by the signal analyzing unit 12 is output to the storing and displaying unit 13.
After that, the storing and displaying unit 13 stores the data from the signal analyzing unit 12, and displays the stored data on the monitor (not shown) (step ST409).
As described above, according to the present embodiment 1, it is configured in such a manner that it oscillates a plurality of light beams with wavelengths different from each other, and carries out the modulation of the light beams while altering the modulation frequencies in accordance with radial directions of the light beams emitted. Thus, it emits the light beams in multiple directions simultaneously without scanning with a light beam, thereby being able to observe the values of wind speed in the multiple directions simultaneously. As a result, it can reduce the deterioration of the wind velocity measurement accuracy even in the turbulent field, and to improve the wind velocity measurement rate.
Incidentally, as for the transmitting/receiving optical system 8 and signal analyzing unit 12, a configuration is also possible which alters the focusing distance using a distance-SNR profile acquired as in the Patent Document 2, for example. This will enable the data acquisition rate to be improved.
Embodiment 2 shows a system for improving the accuracy of the wind velocity measurement by performing a scanning method that is different from conventional ones without measuring wind speeds in multiple directions simultaneously.
The light oscillator 14 is a component for causing an oscillation to occur at a single wavelength to generate a light beam with the wavelength. The light beam generated by the light oscillator 14 is output to the optical coupler 2.
The optical switching unit 15 is a component for switching, per emission, lines of sight in which the light beam from the optical amplifier 5 via the circulator 6 is to be emitted, and selecting one of the lines of sight. The optical switching unit 15 outputs the light beam to the transmitting/receiving optical system 8 through a path corresponding to a selected line of sight. The optical switching unit 15 may be implemented using an optical switch. Alternatively, instead of using an optical switch, the optical switching unit 15 may be implemented using a wedge scanner capable of high speed scanning.
Then, the transmitting/receiving optical system 8 emits the light beam from the optical switching unit 15 in the line of sight that is selected by the optical switching unit 15.
Unlike Embodiment 1, the signal analyzing unit 12 cannot obtain the beat signals for multiple directions simultaneously, but it receives beat signals corresponding to each line of sight successively. The operation of the signal analyzing unit 12 according to Embodiment 2 will be described below with reference to
In the signal analyzing unit 12 according to Embodiment 2, the A/D conversion unit 121 first carries out the A/D conversion of a beat signal from the optical receiver 11, and then FFT processing unit 122 performs the FFT processing of the digitized signal (steps ST701 and ST702).
After that, the incoherent integration unit 123 carries out the incoherent integration of the signal (one of more spectral data) that has passed through the FFT processing by the FFT processing unit 122 (step ST703). Note that, depending on values of SNR of the spectral data obtained by the FFT processing unit 122, the processing by the incoherent integration unit 123 may be omitted.
After that, the line-of-sight wind velocity calculating unit 124 determines whether or not the peak of the signal (spectral data) resulting from the incoherent integration by the incoherent integration unit 123 is equal to or greater than an SNR threshold (step ST704).
When the line-of-sight wind velocity calculating unit 124 determines that the peak of the spectral data is not less than the SNR threshold at step ST704, the unit 124 considers that the spectrum intensity of the current range bin and in the line of sight is sufficient and calculates a value of Doppler wind speed (step ST705). At this time, the unit 124 calculates the Doppler frequency by carrying out the peak detection or gravity center calculation on the spectral data. Then, the unit 124 calculates the value of Doppler wind speed vl o s from the calculated Doppler frequency fd using, for example, the following Expression (3). Note that λ is the wavelength.
v
l o s
=λ*fd (3)
On the other hand, if the line-of-sight wind velocity calculating unit 124 determines that the peak of the spectral data is less than the SNR threshold at step ST704, no Doppler wind speed is calculated.
After that, the wind velocity vector calculating unit 125 determines whether or not required numbers (lines of sight) of values of Doppler wind speed for calculation of a value of three-dimensional wind speed have been obtained (step ST706).
If the wind velocity vector calculating unit 125 determines at step ST706 that required numbers (LOSs) of values of Doppler wind speed for calculation of a value of three-dimensional wind speed have been obtained, the unit 125 calculates a value of three-dimensional wind speed from the obtained values of Doppler speed in the multiple directions (step ST707).
On the other hand, if the wind velocity vector calculating unit 125 determines at step ST706 that required numbers (LOSs) of values of Doppler speed for calculation of a value of three-dimensional speed have not been obtained, no three-dimensional wind speed is calculated. After that, the process proceeds to the processing of the next range bin along the next line of sight.
Thus obtaining the minimum necessary signal amount (SNR) in each range bin by the incoherent integration makes it possible to increase the rate of the wind velocity measurement to the maximum extent. Accordingly, the accuracy of the wind velocity measurement can be improved.
On the other hand, the conventional configuration shown in Patent Document 3, for example, predefines a specific incoherent integration in advance, acquires data of a fixed number of additions in a line of sight, and then switches to the next line of sight. More specifically, as shown in
In the example shown in
V=(v2−v4)/sin θ (4)
Where, V is the value of wind speed in the horizontal direction, v is the value of wind speed in a line of sight, θ is a zenith angle, and the indices specify a beam number, and the direction in the line of sight 801a is assumed to be positive.
Contrastingly,
As shown in
As described above, according to Embodiment 2, the line of sight is switched to the next one every time scanning is performed. By switching the line of sight every scan, not every certain number of scans, the rate of measuring the wind velocity can be improved. As a result, the deterioration in the wind velocity measurement accuracy can be reduced even in a turbulent field.
Unlike Embodiment 2 shown in
It should be noted that combination, modification or omission of parts of embodiments described above may be made within the scope of the present invention.
A laser radar device according to the present invention is able to reduce the deterioration of the wind velocity measurement accuracy even in a turbulent field. Accordingly, the laser radar device is suitable for an application to a laser radar device for measuring values of wind speed in an observation space.
1 multi-wavelength light oscillator; 2 optical coupler; 3 modulation unit; 4 multiplexer; 5 optical amplifier; 6 circulator; 7 demultiplexer/multiplexer; 8 transmitting/receiving optical system (transmitting/receiving unit); 9 multiplexer; 10 multiplexing coupler; 11 optical receiver; 12 signal analyzing unit; 13 storing and displaying unit; 14 light oscillator; 15 optical switching unit; 31 linear phase modulation signal generator; 32 optical phase modulator; 33 pulse signal generator; 34 optical intensity modulator; 121 A/D conversion unit; 122 FFT processing unit; 123 incoherent integration unit; 124 line-of-sight wind velocity calculating unit; 125 wind velocity vector calculating unit.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/083022 | 12/12/2014 | WO | 00 |
