The present disclosure generally relates to storage container doors having a latch handle assembly thereon for locking the door in a closed position, and more particularly to a security guard for the latch handle assembly.
Box trucks, semi-trailers, trailers, shipping containers, and storage units can have doors that are closed and locked with a latching handle assembly. Padlocks are often used to lock the latching handle assembly and doors in place. However, thieves can break the padlocks with bolt cutters, axes, hammers, and other tools. Once the padlock is broken or otherwise compromised, a thief can open the latching handle assembly, open the door, and then access the contents of the container. Padlock guards are commercially available, and each is generally designed to hinder access to the padlock when the latching handle assembly is in the closed position. However, these designs merely cover the padlock, and thieves are still able to insert cutting tools into the cover to break the padlock.
Disclosed herein are a door guard for use with a latching handle assembly and door guard system.
The door guard can include a guard body comprising a main plate, a bottom guard connected to a bottom of the main plate, and a side wall connected to a side of the main plate; a partition wall connected to a surface of the main plate, wherein the partition wall has a ridge formed in an upper portion thereof, wherein the ridge is configured to receive a handle of the latching handle assembly, wherein the partition wall has a first opening formed therein; a pin configured to extend through the first opening of the partition wall, wherein the pin is further configured to extend through a hole in the handle of the latching handle assembly when the door guard is placed on the latching handle assembly and the handle is received in the ridge of the partition wall; and a lock connected to the surface of the main plate and to the side wall, wherein the lock is configured to receive an end of the pin, wherein the lock contains a locking mechanism configured to secure the end of the pin within the lock; wherein the guard body, the partition wall, and the lock are arranged to at least substantially enclose a portion of the pin that extends through the hole in the handle of the latching handle assembly when the door guard is placed on the latching handle assembly.
The door guard system can include the above-mentioned door guard and the latching handle assembly.
Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions and claims.
For a more complete understanding of this disclosure, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
“Latching handle assembly” as used herein refers to an assembly for a container door that is attached to the door and that has a mechanism that couples to a floor, ceiling, or wall of the container. The latching handle assembly can have a handle that is movable (e.g., pivotable) from an open position in which the door can be opened to a closed position in which the door is closed. The latching handle assembly can have a latch attached to the door that receives the handle therein, and the latch has a hole formed in a portion thereof (e.g., a hole in a locking plate of the latch). The hole in the latch is configured to align with a hole formed in an end of the handle when the handle is moved to the closed position. The aligned holes are configured to receive a locking mechanism, e.g., a padlock, when the handle and latch holes are aligned. The handle can also be connected to a hook that can move with the handle when the handle is moved from an open position to a closed position, or vice versa, to secure the door in the closed position or allow the door to be raised or moved to the open position. An example of a latching handle assembly is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,642,314, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Disclosed herein is a door guard for use with a latching handle assembly and a door guard system that includes the latching handle assembly. The terms “door guard” and “latching handle assembly door guard” can be used interchangeably, and the terms “door guard system” and “latching handle assembly door guard system” can be used interchangeably.
Various embodiments of a door guard are disclosed. The door guard is generally configured to lock a latching handle assembly in place while restricting access to a pin that locks the handle of the latching handle assembly. A padlock is not used to lock the handle in place. The door guard may be configured and positioned on the latching handle assembly such that bolt cutters cannot reach the pin, while allowing a user to access a lock of the door guard to unlock the lock of the door guard. More particularly, the door guard can have a guard body, a partition wall, and a lock that are arranged to substantially enclose a portion of the pin that extends through a hole in the handle and a hole in the latch of the latching handle assembly when the door guard is placed on the latching handle assembly. By extending through the hole of the handle and a hole in the latch (e.g., a hole in the locking plate of the latch) of the latching handle assembly, the pin locks the latching handle assembly in place against the door, and the door guard in combination with the latching handle assembly substantially encloses the portion of the pin that extends through the hole of the handle and the hole of the latch.
“Substantially encloses” and variations thereof as used herein mean that the pin is not accessible by bolt cutters or other lock cutting tool when the door guard is placed on the latching handle assembly.
The door guard can generally be made of steel, brass, chrome, copper, tungsten, hard plastics, silicon carbide, other durable materials, or combinations thereof.
A reference coordinate system 102 is illustrated in
The guard body 101 can include a main plate 110, a top guard 120, a bottom guard 130, and a side wall 140. Alternative embodiments of the guard body 101 can have more than one top guard 120, more than one bottom guard 130, more than one side wall 140, or combinations thereof.
With reference to
With reference to
The first section 111 and second section 112 are generally placed side-by-side, with a bottom 115 of the second section 112 positioned higher relative to a bottom 116 of the first section 111 by a distance equal to the height H3 of the third section 113. In this configuration, the third section 113 is also placed side-by-side with the first section 111 and under the second section 112.
The main plate 110 can have a width in a range of about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, a width of about 0.25 inch (e.g., 0.236 inch).
The top guard 120 is generally a piece of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that is flat, concave, convex, or combinations thereof. In
The top guard 120 can have a length in a range of from about 0.5 to about 8 inches; alternatively, from about 0.5 to about 4 inches; alternatively, a length of about 1 inch (e.g., 0.984 inch). The top guard 120 can have a width in a range of from about 1 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 3 inches; alternatively, a width of about 2 inches (e.g., 1.772 inches). The top guard 120 can have a height in a range of from about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, a height of about 0.236 inch.
In embodiments, the door guard 100 can also have a securing plate 190 illustrated in
The bottom guard 130 is generally a piece of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that is flat, concave, convex, or combinations thereof. In
The bottom guard 130 can have a width in a range of about 1 to about 5 inches; alternatively, a width of about 2 inches (e.g., 1.772 inches). The bottom guard 130 can have a length in a range of about 0.5 to about 8 inches; alternatively, a length of about 1.26 inches. The bottom guard 130 can have a height in a range of about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, a height of about 0.236 inches.
The side wall 140 is generally a piece of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that is flat, concave, convex, or combinations thereof. In
The side wall 140 can have a length in a range of about 0.5 to about 1 inch; alternatively, a length of about 0.236 inch. The side wall 140 can have a width in a range of about 0.5 to about 8 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.3 inches. The side wall 140 can have a height in a range of from about 1 to about 8 inches; alternatively, from about 2 to about 6 inches; alternatively, from about 3 to about 5 inches; alternatively, a height of about 4 inches (e.g., 4.134 inches).
The partition wall 150 can be connected to the surface 114 of the main plate 110 such that there is a space S1 formed for a handle of the latching handle assembly between an upper portion 153 of the partition wall 150 and the main plate 110. The partition wall 150 is generally a piece of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that is flat, concave, convex, or combinations thereof. In
In embodiments, the partition wall 150 is configured to absorb shock and vibration to protect the integrity of the pin 170. For example, in a scenario where a would-be thief attempts to break the door guard 100 by swinging a hammer against the door guard 100, the partition wall 150 can absorb the shock of the hammer blows to the guard body 101 such that none of the blows are able to bend, break, or damage the pin 170.
The partition wall 150 can have a length in a range of from about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, a length of about 0.5 inch (e.g., 0.472 inch). The partition wall 150 can have a width in a range of from about 1 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.772 inches. The partition wall 150 can have a height in a range of from about 0.5 to about 8 inches; alternatively, a height of about 3 inches (e.g., 2.914 inches).
The ridge 161 can have a length in a range of from about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, a length of about 0.591 inches. The ridge 161 can have a height in a range of about 0.5 to about 5 inches; alternatively, a height of about 1.575 inches. The opening 160 in the partition wall 150 can have a dimension (e.g., diameter, length) that is greater than a diameter of the pin 170.
The pin 170 is configured to fit through a hole in the latching handle assembly (e.g., a hole in the end of the handle and a hole in the locking plate of the latch) and the opening 160 in the partition wall 150. In embodiments, the pin 170 is a rod, where the rod can be linear or bent into an L-shape. An end 173 of the pin 170 can have a notch 175 formed therein. In embodiments, the pin 170 can generally have a first portion 171 and a second portion 172 integrally formed into a L-shaped rod. The first portion 171 of the pin 170 can have the notch 175 formed on the end 173 thereof.
The first portion 171 can have a length in a range of about 0.5 to about 10 inches; alternatively, a length of about 4.6 inches. The second portion 172 of the pin 170 can have a length in a range of about 0.5 to about 10 inches; alternatively, a length of about 2.2 inches. The pin 170 can have a diameter in a range of about 0.2 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.2 to about 0.5 inch; alternatively, a diameter of about 0.4 inch (e.g., 0.394 inch). The diameter of the pin 170 is generally thicker than a diameter of a padlock and is thus more resistant to being cut by bolt cutters than a typical padlock.
The lock 180 is configured to accept an end 173 of the pin 170 having the notch 175 formed therein. The lock 180 can be attached to the main plate 110 and to the side wall 140. Nonlimiting examples of the lock 180 can include a rotating cam lock, a rim cylinder lock, a Mortise cylinder lock, a wall mounted lock, a bolt style lock, a disk lock, a push lock, or combinations thereof. The lock 180 may have a locking mechanism 181 contained therein that is movable between a locked position and an unlocked position so as to lock and unlock the lock 180 when the end 173 of the pin 170 having the notch 175 is received in the lock 180. The locking mechanism 181 is illustrated in
The lock 180 can have a length in a range of from about 1 to about 10 inches; alternatively, a length of about 1.2 inches (e.g., 1.181 inches). The lock 180 can have a width in a range of about 1 to about 10 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.3 inches. The lock 180 can have a height in a range of about 1 to about 10 inches; alternatively, a height of about 1.7 inches.
The main plate 110, the bottom guard 130, the side wall 140, and the partition wall 150 are configured and arranged such that the locking mechanism 181 is accessible and an opening 182 is formed between the bottom of the lock 180 and the top of the bottom guard 130. In the embodiment illustrated in
The main plate 110, the top guard 120, the side wall 140, the partition wall 150, and the lock 180 are configured and arranged to form a space S3. The space S3 formed by the arrangement is configured to receive the handle, the latch, or both the handle and the latch of the latching handle assembly of the door that is to be guarded by the door guard 100. In the embodiment of the door guard 100 depicted in
Currently available door guards cover the latching handle assembly of a container after the assembly has been locked with a padlock or other type of primary locking device. These door guards provide limited access to the padlock; however, it is possible for thieves to insert lock cutting devices into the currently available door guards for access to the padlock. The door guard 100 in
The door guard 200 has a guard body 201, a partition wall 250, the pin 170 of
The guard body 201 can include a main plate 210, two top guards 220A and 220B, a bottom guard 230, and a side wall 240. Alternative embodiments of the guard body 201 can have more than two top guards 220A and 220B, more than one bottom guard 230, more than one side wall 240, or combinations thereof. The arrangement and dimensions of the main plate 210, two top guards 220A and 220B, the bottom guard 230, and the side wall 240 are different than the arrangement and dimensions of the main plate 110, top guard 120, bottom guard 130, and side wall 140 of
The main plate 210 is generally a piece of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that is flat, concave, convex or combinations thereof. In
The main plate 210 can have a length in a range of from about 1 to about 20 inches; alternatively, from about 2 to about 10 inches; alternatively, from about 3 to about 8 inches; alternatively, a length of about 6 inches; alternatively, a length of about 6.4 inches. The main plate 210 can have a height in a range of from about 1 to about 10 inches; alternatively, from about 5 to about 6 inches; alternatively, a height of about 5.75 inches. The main plate 110 can have a width in a range of from about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.2 to about 0.3 inch; alternatively, a width of about 0.236 inch.
The main plate 210 can have two integrally formed sections 216 and 217 arranged such that the first section 216 is above the second section 217. The first section 216 can generally have a rectangular shape, and the second section 217 can generally have a rectangular shape. The first section 216 can have a length L2 that is greater than a length L3 of the second section 217. The length L2 of the first section 216 can be greater than the length L3 of the second section 217 by an amount in a range of from about 0.5 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a length of about 1.811 inches. The first section 216 can have a height H4 in a range of from about 2 to about 10 inches; alternatively, from about 2 to about 8 inches; alternatively, from about 2 to about 6 inches; alternatively, a height H4 of about 3 inches. The second section 217 can have a height H5 in a range of from about 0.5 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 2 to about 3 inches; alternatively, a height H5 of about 2.165 inches.
The two top guards 220A and 220B are generally pieces of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that are flat, concave, convex, or combinations thereof. In
The door guard 200 can additionally include the securing plate 190, which is the same as described for door guard 100 in
The first top guard 220A can have a length in a range of about 1 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 3 inches; alternatively, a length of about 1.535 inches. The first top guard 220A can have a width in a range of from about 0.5 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 0.984 inch. The first top guard 220A can have a height in a range of about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.2 to about 0.5 inch; alternatively, a height of about 0.236 inch.
The second top guard 220B can have a length in a range of from about 0.5 to 4 inches; alternatively, from about 0.5 to 2 inches; alternatively, a length of about 1 inch (e.g., 0.984 inch). The second top guard 220B can have a width in a range of from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.535 inch. The second top guard 220B can have a height in a range of about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.2 to about 0.5 inch; alternatively, a height of about 0.236 inch.
The bottom guard 230 is generally a piece of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that is flat, concave, convex, or combinations thereof. In embodiments, the bottom guard 230 can be made of the same piece of material as the main plate 210 and bent or shaped into position. In
The bottom guard 230 can have a length in a range of about 0.5 to about 20 inches; alternatively, from about 6 to about 7 inches; alternatively, a length of about 6.85 inches. The bottom guard 230 can have a width in a range of about 1 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 2 to about 3 inches; alternatively, a width of about 2.008 inches. The bottom guard 230 can have a height in a range of about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.2 to about 0.3 inch; alternatively, a height of about 0.236 inch.
The side wall 240 can be generally rectangular in shape. The side wall 240 can be connected to the main plate 210. The side wall 240 can be connected to a side surface of the main plate 210 or can be connected to the surface 218 of the main plate 210. In embodiments, the side wall 240 can be made of the same piece of material as main plate 210 and may be bent or shaped into position. The side wall 240 can be positioned to block access to the lock 180 from the side of the door guard 200.
The side wall 240 can have a length in a range of about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.2 to about 0.3 inch; alternatively, a length of about 0.236 inch. The side wall 240 can have a width in a range of about 1 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.772 inches. The side wall 240 can have a height in a range of about 0.5 to about 8 inches; alternatively, from about 3 to about 4 inches; alternatively, a height of about 3.071 inches.
The partition wall 250 is generally a piece of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that is flat, concave, convex, or combinations thereof. In
The partition wall 250 can have a length in a range of about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.2 to about 0.3 inches; alternatively, a length of about 0.236 inches. The partition wall 250 can have a width in a range of about 1 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.772 inches. The partition wall 150 can have a height in a range of about 0.5 to about 8 inches; alternatively, from about 5 to about 6 inches; alternatively, a height of about 5.276 inches.
In embodiments, the partition wall 250 is configured to absorb shock and vibration to protect the integrity of the pin 170. For example, in a scenario where a would-be thief attempts to break the door guard 200 by swinging a hammer against the door guard 200, the partition wall 250 can absorb the shock of the hammer blows to the guard body 201 such that none of the blows are able to bend, break, or damage the pin 170.
The pin 170 and lock 180 can be embodied as the pin 170 and the lock 180 of the door guard 100 in
The main plate 210, the bottom guard 230, the side wall 240, and the partition wall 250 are configured and arranged such that an opening 282 is formed for access to the locking mechanism 181 of the lock 180. In the embodiment illustrated in
The dimensions of the opening 282 (e.g., a height in a range of from about 0.5 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 2 to about 3 inches; alternatively, a height of about 2.165 inches; and a width that matches the width of the bottom guard 230) are configured such that bolt cutters or other lock cutting tools do not fit through the opening 282 and into the space S5 that contains the pin 170.
The main plate 210, the first top guard 220A, the side wall 240, the partition wall 250, and the lock 180 are configured and arranged to form a space S7. The space S7 formed by the arrangement is configured to receive the handle, the latch, or both the handle and the latch of the latching handle assembly of the door that is to be guarded by the door guard 200. In the embodiment of the door guard 200 depicted in
The door guard 200 in
The guard body 301 can include the main plate 110 of
The main plate 110 is described for the door guard 100 of
The top guard 120 is described for the door guard 100 of
The bottom guard 330 is generally a piece of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that is flat, concave, convex, or combinations thereof. In
The bottom guard 330 can have a length in a range of about 0.5 to about 8 inches; alternatively, from about 2 to about 3 inches; alternatively, a length of about 2.323 inches. The bottom guard 330 can have a width in a range of about 1 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 2 to about 3 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.772 inches. The bottom guard 330 can have a height in a range of about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.2 to about 0.3 inch; alternatively, a height of about 0.236 inch.
The side wall 340 is generally a piece of shaped metal or impact resistant polymer that is flat, concave, convex, or combinations thereof. The side wall 340 can be made of the same piece of material as main plate 110 and can be bent or shaped into position. The side wall 340 can be generally rectangular in shape. The side wall 340 can be connected to the second section 112 of the main plate 110. The side wall 340 can be connected to a side surface of the second section 112 of the main plate 110 or can be connected to the surface 313 of the main plate 110.
The side wall 340 can have a length in a range of about 0.1 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.2 to about 0.3 inches; alternatively, a length of about 0.236 inches. The side wall 340 can have a width in a range of about 1 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.535 inches. The side wall 340 can have a height in a range of about 0.5 to about 8 inches; alternatively, from about 3 to about 4 inches; alternatively, a height of 3.189 inches.
The side wall 340 has an opening 345 formed therein. The opening 345 can be positioned closer to the side of the side wall 340 that is connected to the second section 112 of the main plate 110. The opening 345 can have a width in a range of about 0.5 to about 4.5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.141 inches. The opening 345 can have a height in a range of about 0.25 to about 7.5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a height of about 1.614 inches. The length of the opening is the same as the length of the side wall 340, since it is an opening in the side wall 340.
The partition wall 150 is described for the door guard 100 in
The pin 170 is described for the door guard 100 in
The lock 380 is configured to accept an end 173 of the pin 170 having the notch 175 formed therein. The lock 380 can be attached to the main plate 110 and to the side wall 340. Nonlimiting examples of the lock 380 can include a rotating cam lock, a rim cylinder lock, a Mortise cylinder lock, a wall mounted lock, a bolt style lock, a disk lock, a push lock, or combinations thereof. The lock 380 may have a locking mechanism 381 contained therein that is movable between a locked position and an unlocked position so as to lock and unlock the lock 380 when the end 173 of the pin 170 having the notch 175 is received in the lock 380. The locking mechanism 381 is illustrated in
In the embodiment illustrated in
Alternative embodiments of the door guard 300 can include a second top guard, for example, positioned similarly to the top guard 220A of the door guard 200 in
The lock 380 can have a base unit 385 and a side panel 382, a top panel 383, and a bottom panel 384 connected to the base unit 385.
The base unit 385 of the lock 380 can have length in a range of about 0.5 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 0.5 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a length of about 0.708 inch. The base unit 385 of the lock 380 can have a width in a range of about 0.5 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.654 inches. The base unit 385 of the lock 380 can have a height in a range of about 0.5 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a height of about 1.614 inches. The base unit 385 can have a hollow interior configured to house internal parts of the locking mechanism 381.
The side panel 382 is connected to a side of the base unit 385. The side panel 382 can run the entire height of the base unit 385 of the lock 380. The side panel 382 can have a length in a range of about 0.5 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a length of about 0.0.591 inch. The side panel 382 can have a width in a range of about 0.1 to about 0.2 inch; alternatively, a width of about 0.118 inch. The side panel 382 can have a height in a range of about 0.5 to about 5 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a height of about 1.614 inches. The side panel 382 can be attached to the main plate 110 and can extend past the main portion of lock 380 to help absorb any shock or force directed by outside forces at the lock 380. The side panel 382 can also help stabilize the lock 380.
The top panel 383 is connected to a top 386 of the base unit 385 of the lock 380. The top panel 383 can have a length in a range of about 0.2 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.4 to about 1 inch; alternatively, a length of 0.473 inch. The top panel 383 can have a width in a range of about 1 to about 3 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.536 inches. The top panel 383 can have a height in a range of about 0.1 to about 0.5 inch; alternatively, from about 0.1 to about 0.2 inch; alternatively, a height of about 0.157 inch.
The bottom panel 384 is connected to a bottom 387 of the base unit 385 of the lock 380. The bottom panel 384 can have a length in a range of about 0.2 to about 1 inch; alternatively, from about 0.4 to about 1 inch; alternatively, a length of 0.473 inch. The bottom panel 384 can have a width in a range of about 1 to about 3 inches; alternatively, from about 1 to about 2 inches; alternatively, a width of about 1.536 inches. The bottom panel 384 can have a height in a range of about 0.1 to about 0.5 inch; alternatively, from about 0.1 to about 0.2 inch; alternatively, a height of about 0.157 inch.
The main plate 110, the top guard 120, the side wall 340, the partition wall 150, and the lock 380 are configured and arranged to form a space S8. The space S8 formed by the arrangement is configured to receive the handle, the latch, or both the handle and the latch of the latching handle assembly of the door that is to be guarded by the door guard 300. The top guard 120 can be configured to cover a portion of the handle of the latching handle assembly and configured to extend over the handle to prevent the handle from being lifted vertically while the door guard 300 is positioned over and coupled with the latching handle assembly.
The main plate 110, the bottom guard 330, the side wall 340, and the partition wall 150 of the door guard 300 are configured and arranged such that there is no opening for access to the interior space S9 of the door guard 300 in order to reach the pin 170. In the embodiment illustrated in
The door guard 300 in
The door guard system 400 can include a door guard (e.g., door guard 100 of
The latching assembly 410 can comprise a handle 420 and a locking plate 430. The latching handle assembly 410 also include, as illustrated in
The door guard 100 can be secured around the end 421 of the handle 420 and the locking plate 430 of the latching handle assembly 410. The end 421 of the handle 420 and the locking plate 430 of the latching handle assembly 410 are both located between the lock 180 and the partition wall 250 of the door guard 100. As can be seen, the handle 420 is positioned between the partition wall 150 and the main plate 110 in space S1 (e.g., space S1 is labeled in
It can be seen that the locking plate 430 and end 421 of the handle 420 block access to the pin 170 from above the pin 170; and the main plate 110, bottom guard 130, side wall 140, partition wall 150, and door 500 (in
In
Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
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20230145548 A1 | May 2023 | US |