Patent Grant
11334364
Traditional virtual computing environments, commonly termed “virtual machines”, virtualize most or all aspects of a computing environment, and can, thereby, present computing environments that are very different from the host computing device hardware and operating system. Such virtual machine computing environments can virtualize the computing hardware itself. However, traditional virtual computing environments, because of the need to virtualize most or all aspects of the host computing environment, can consume large quantities of memory, require extensive processing resources, and can otherwise be inefficient. In some instances, lightweight virtual computing environments, often termed “containers”, can provide many of the isolation benefits of traditional virtual computing environments in a more efficient manner, such as by utilizing aspects of the host computing device hardware and operating system, instead of virtualizing those aspects of the computing environment. Such container virtual computing environments can virtualize, not the computing hardware, but rather just the file system, presenting a different, isolated view of file data. As such, containers can be utilized to provide isolated computing environment, such as to limit the impact of potentially malicious instructions, provide virgin computing environment, such as for testing or troubleshooting purposes, and other like benefits.
Unfortunately, because the file system virtualization provided by container virtual computing environments is provided by file system drivers, filter drivers, mini-drivers or other like computer-executable instructions instantiated after the booting of an operating system kernel, processes executing within the container environment cannot change the early stages of the operating system boot within the container environment, rendering such container environments unusable for many functions for which the isolation provided by such container environments would be particularly useful. For example, container environments cannot be utilized to develop, test and evaluate anti-malware software because anti-malware software typically requires the execution of computer-executable instructions during an early stage of an operating system boot. While the anti-malware software executing within the container environment could make such changes, the changes would be persisted within the container file system, which would not be accessible until after the kernel of the operating system had already booted and then instantiated the necessary file system drivers. As such, the changes made by the anti-malware software, as an example, would need to be available at an earlier point in time than existing container file system virtualization environments enable. The inability to persist changes affecting early stages of an operating system boot within container file system virtualization environments negatively impacts the usability of such container file system virtualization environments.
A layered composite boot device, and a corresponding layered composite file system, can be implemented by computer-executable instructions that can be part of a boot manager, thereby providing access to virtualized container file systems at an earlier stage during an operating system boot in a container file system virtualization environment. Requests directed to the layered composite boot device, and the layered composite file system, can be serviced from a primary device, and primary file system, encapsulated by the layered composite boot device, and layered composite file system, respectively. Such a primary device, and primary file system, can correspond to a virtualized file system within a container environment, thereby enabling changes within the container environment to affect early stages of an operating system boot in such a container environment. Should such requests not be serviceable from the primary layers, the composite device and composite file system can comprise secondary layers, such as a secondary device that can correspond to a container host connection to the host computing environment, and a secondary file system that can correspond to the host file system, providing fallback to existing data if changes within the container environment were not made, and thereby enabling the operating system boot in the container environment to proceed in a traditional manner.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Additional features and advantages will be made apparent from the following detailed description that proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The following detailed description may be best understood when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of which:
The following description relates to a layered composite boot device, and a corresponding layered composite file system, that can be implemented by computer-executable instructions that can be part of a boot manager, thereby providing access to virtualized container file systems at an earlier stage during an operating system boot in a container file system virtualization environment. Requests directed to the layered composite boot device, and the layered composite file system, can be serviced from a primary device, and primary file system, encapsulated by the layered composite boot device, and layered composite file system, respectively. Such a primary device, and primary file system, can correspond to a virtualized file system within a container environment, thereby enabling changes within the container environment to affect early stages of an operating system boot in such a container environment. Should such requests not be serviceable from the primary layers, the composite device and composite file system can comprise secondary layers, such as a secondary device that can correspond to a container host connection to the host computing environment, and a secondary file system that can correspond to the host file system, providing fallback to existing data if changes within the container environment were not made, and thereby enabling the operating system boot in the container environment to proceed in a traditional manner.
Although not required, the description below will be in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computing device. More specifically, the description will reference acts and symbolic representations of operations that are performed by one or more computing devices or peripherals, unless indicated otherwise. As such, it will be understood that such acts and operations, which are at times referred to as being computer-executed, include the manipulation by a processing unit of electrical signals representing data in a structured form. This manipulation transforms the data or maintains it at locations in memory, which reconfigures or otherwise alters the operation of the computing device or peripherals in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art. The data structures where data is maintained are physical locations that have particular properties defined by the format of the data.
Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the computing devices need not be limited to conventional personal computers, and include other computing configurations, including servers, hand-held devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. Similarly, the computing devices need not be limited to stand-alone computing devices, as the mechanisms may also be practiced in distributed computing environment where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
With reference to
More specifically, and as illustrated by the exemplary system 100 of
According to one aspect, the file system of the exemplary container operating system 160 can be a layered file system that can enable applications executing within the container environment 150, such as the exemplary application 152, to access some or all of the same files of the host file system 131, such as, for example, the exemplary files 141, 142 and 143, except that any changes or modifications to those files can remain only within the container environment 150. For example, as illustrated by the exemplary system 100 of
The file systems referenced herein can be any of the known, existing file systems, such as the NT file system (NTFS), the Apple file system (APFS), the UNIX file system (UFS), and the like, or other file systems. Similarly, the file system drivers can be the corresponding drivers, filters, mini-filters, and other like drivers that can implement such file systems. Thus, for example, if the host file system 131 is NTFS, then the host file system drivers 130 can be the relevant NTFS drivers. Within the exemplary container environment 150, however, the host file system 181 can be implemented in a slightly different manner so as to provide access to the host file system from within a file system virtualization environment. More specifically, according to one aspect, access to the host computing environment 110, from within the container environment 150, can be through a container host connection, such as the exemplary container host connection 190. According to one aspect, the exemplary container host connection 190 can be in the form of a virtualized network connection which can simulate the container environment 150 being a separate computing device from the host computing environment 110, and the two computing devices being communicationally coupled via a network. Other container host connections can be based on other communication protocols, such as peripheral interconnection protocols and the like. According to one aspect, the container host connection 190 can appear as a block data device from within the container environment 150. Accordingly, the host file system 181, from within the container environment 150, can be implemented as a network file system, for example, and, accordingly, the drivers 180, which can include drivers, filters, mini-filters and other like constructs, can implement such a network file system by communicating, through the container host connection 190, with the host computing environment 110. The host computing environment 110 can also comprise a file system having a same type as the host file system 131. For example, if the host file system 131 is NTFS, the container file system 171 can also be NTFS. In such an instance, the container file system drivers 170 can comprise analogous drivers, filters, mini-filters and other like constructs to those of the host file system drivers 130. Indeed, the same codebase, or even the same compiled binaries, can be utilized to implement both the container file system drivers 170 and the host file system drivers 130.
According to one aspect, changes to files within the file system virtualization environment presented by the container 150 can be isolated from other file system virtualization environments and from the host computing environment 110 itself. For example, if the exemplary application 152, executing within the container environment 150, were to edit the exemplary file 141, as illustrated by the edit action 155, such a modification can result in a file 144, representing an edited version of the file 141, being part of the container file system 171. The original file 141 would be unchanged. However, from within the container environment 150, the layered file system would present the edited file 144 instead of the original file 141 from the host file system. Colloquially, the edited file 144 would “block” or “mask” the presentation of the original file 141. If the exemplary application 152 did not edit the files 142 or 143, those files would still “pass through” the overlay file system and be presented to applications or processes executing within the container 150, such as the exemplary application 152.
The digital data representing edited file 144 can be stored in a sandbox, such as the exemplary sandbox 149, which can be accessed by the container file system drivers 170, described previously, in order to generate the container file system 171. As utilized herein, the term “sandbox” means one or more files, databases, structured storage, or other like digital data repository that can store the relevant data necessary to implement the container file system 171. For example, the sandbox 149 can be a file, or a package, within the host file system 131. In such a manner, the host computing environment 110 can remain isolated from edits performed within the container environment 150. Thus, for example, if the edit 155 was a malicious action, the file 141 in the host computing environment 110 would remain isolated from, and unaffected by, such an action within the container environment 150.
As indicated, in some instances, it can be desirable to allow processes executing within the container environment 150 to modify aspects of the container operating system 160, including aspects that can be established during early portions of the boot process of the container operating system 160. However, the layered file system presented by the container operating system 160 can be established at a much later point during the boot process of the container operating system 160. For example, the container file system drivers 170 and virtual file system drivers 180 may not establish the layered file systems 171 and 181 until after the kernel of the container operating system 160 has executed. Indeed, in some instances, the kernel of the operating system 160 can be responsible for executing the relevant drivers 170 and 180. Accordingly, if, for example, an application or process executing within the container 150 changed an aspect of the container operating system 160, such a change could be stored in the container file system 171, such as in the manner detailed previously. However, since the container file system 171 may not be accessible until after the kernel of the operating system 160 has executed the relevant drivers 170, the operating system 160 will not be able to access such a change early in its boot process, since such a change will not be accessible until after the operating system kernel has already been loaded into memory. Accordingly, not having access to the container file system 171, early portions of the booting of the container operating system 160 can only utilize data from the host computing device, which, as indicated previously, is unaffected by, and isolated from, changes made within the container environment 150.
To enable processes executing within the container environment 150 to modify aspects of the container operating system 160, including aspects that can be established during the early portions of the boot process of the container operating system 160, a layered composite boot device and file system can be utilized during the booting of the container operating system 160. Turning to
As indicated previously, a virtualized network connection, such as the exemplary container host connection 190, can be utilized for processes executing within the container 150 to access information from the host computing environment 110. Accordingly, one aspect of the execution of the container firmware 221 within the container 150 can be the execution of drivers for the relevant devices that the container 150 may need to access during the boot process, such as graphics drivers, user input device drivers, such as keyboard drivers and mouse drivers, and, of relevance to the descriptions provided herein, network drivers that can enable the executing firmware 221 to access information from the host computing environment 110.
Turning to
Like the firmware 221, the execution of the container boot manager 231 can include the execution of drivers, or other like computer-executable instructions, that can enable the container boot manager 231 to access relevant portions of the host operating system environment 110, including, for example, graphics drivers, input peripheral drivers, network drivers, and the like. Such drivers can be the same drivers as utilized by the container firmware 221, and, thus, such drivers can remain in memory for utilization by the container boot manager 231, or the drivers can be different drivers, which can require the container boot manager 231 to clear the memory previously utilized by the container firmware 221, and load its own drivers into the memory of the container environment 150.
As part of the action 229, the firmware 221 can identify, to the container boot manager 231, a boot device to be utilized for the booting of an operating system into the container environment 150. In the system 202 illustrated in
According to one aspect, to facilitate the utilization of modifications occurring within the container environment 150 in the subsequent booting of an operating system within the container environment 150, the container boot configuration data 240 can specify a new boot device. More specifically, as illustrated by the specification 249 in the system 203 shown in
As will be detailed further below, a composite device, such as the exemplary composite device 250, can access multiple devices in a hierarchical order. Thus, for example, a primary device can be accessed first, and, if the information sought is unavailable from the primary device, the secondary device can be accessed, and the information sought and be provided therefrom. Conversely, again, if the information sought is available from the primary device, the secondary device may not need to be accessed. For purposes of implementing the ability for processes executing within a container environment 150 to make changes that can affect the subsequent boot of an operating system within the container environment 150, the exemplary composite device 250 can be a composite of a primary device 251, which, in the present example, can be the sandbox 149, and a secondary device 252, which, in the present example, can be the container host connection 190.
A composite device, such as the exemplary composite device 250, can enable the utilization of a composite file system, such as the exemplary composite file system 260. As described above, a composite file system can layer a primary file system over a secondary file system such that, if a file is found in the primary file system, it can be utilized even if the same file exists in the secondary file system, while, if a file is not found in the primary file system, the secondary file system can be checked and, if found, the file can be sourced therefrom. As with the composite device 250, the composite file system 260 can comprise multiple layers beyond just a primary and secondary file system. For example, the composite file system 260 can comprise a tertiary file system, and so on. Again, for purposes of implementing the ability for processes executing within a container environment 150 to make changes that can affect the subsequent boot of an operating system within the container environment 150, the exemplary composite file system 260 can comprise a primary file system 261, which, in the present example, can be the container file system 171, and a secondary file system 262, which, in the present example, can be the host file system 181.
According to one aspect, a container boot manager, such as the container boot manager 230 from the container operating system image 212 in the host computing environment 110, instantiated into, and executing within, the container environment 150 as the executing container boot manager 231, can comprise computer-executable instructions that can operate with a composite device, such as the exemplary composite device 250, and implement a composite file system, such as the exemplary composite file system 260.
For example, the executing container boot manager 231 can execute drivers, filters, mini-filters, or other like computer executable instructions that can access the sandbox 149. Such computer executable instructions are illustrated in the exemplary system 203, shown in
Analogously, the executing container boot manager 231 can execute drivers, filters, mini-filters, or other like computer executable instructions that can access the data of the host file system over the container host connection 190. Such computer executable instructions are illustrated in the exemplary system 203, shown in
According to one aspect, the container boot manager 231 can further comprise computer-executable instructions, such as the exemplary drivers 270, that can provide the device and/or file system aggregation described in further detail below. For example, the computer-executable instructions illustrated in
Utilizing the composite device 250 as a new boot device, as specified by the container boot configuration data 240, as illustrated by the specification 249, the container boot manager 231 can locate container operating system loader computer executable instructions, such as the exemplary container operating system loader 280, which can be part of the exemplary container operating system image 212, and can execute such a container operating system loader 280 in the container environment 150. Turning to
According to one aspect, the container boot manager 231 can utilize the composite device 250 and the composite file system 260 to locate the container operating system loader 280. In conformance with the specific aspect illustrated by the exemplary system 204, the container operating system loader 280 can have been left unchanged by processes executing within the container 150 and, consequently, can be part of the host file system 181, and not the container file system 171, such as in accordance with the mechanisms described with reference to
Turning to
By contrast, if one or more processes executing within the container environment 150 had previously changed part of the operating system configuration data, a copy of the container operating system configuration data 290 can be part of the container file system 171, such as can be stored, or otherwise retained, in the sandbox 149. As indicated previously, existing mechanisms would not have provided access to the container file system 171 until after the container operating system 298 had completed booting, because the relevant computer-executable instructions, such as the relevant drivers, can be loaded by the booting of the container operating system 298 and can be unavailable prior to such booting, rendering the container file system 171 inaccessible until after the container operating system 298 has completed booting. However, utilizing the mechanisms described herein, access to the container file system 171, such as for purposes of accessing a modified copy of the container operating system configuration data 290, reflecting modifications made by processes executing within the container environment 150, can be provided at an earlier stage of the boot process, more specifically, prior to the container operating system loader 281 utilizing such operations and configuration data to boot and configure the container operating system 298.
More specifically, and with reference to
In such a manner, changes made by processes executing within the container 150 can be accessible sufficiently early in the boot process to change the configuration of the container operating system booted within the container environment 150. For example, and with reference back to the exemplary system 100 of
Upon execution, having been informed of the composite device 250 to utilize as the boot device by the container boot manager, such as in the manner detailed previously, the container operating system loader 281 can access the composite device 250 and search the composite device 250 for container operating system configuration data. As will be detailed further below, the primary device 251, such as the sandbox 149 in the present example, and the corresponding primary file system 261, such as the container file system 171 in the present example, can be referenced first to determine whether the container operating system configuration data exists therein. Such a referencing can identify the container operating system configuration data 291, comprising the modifications made by the application within the container process 150, such as those detailed above in the present example. Consequently, the container operating system loader 281 can boot the container operating system 299, as illustrated by the action 289, utilizing the modified container operating system configuration data 291.
According to one aspect, a slight modification can accommodate changes, not just to the container operating system configuration data, but to the container boot configuration data itself. More specifically, and turning back to the exemplary system 203 shown in
More specifically, and turning to the exemplary system 300 shown in
Turning to
At step 420, the firmware executing within the container instance created at step 410 can initialize and open a container host connection that can have been identified as part of the instantiation of the firmware, by the hypervisor, at step 415, as the boot device to be utilized by the firmware. At step 425, the firmware can utilize the boot device, namely the container host connection, to locate a container boot manager, such as from the host computing environment, and instantiate the container boot manager into the container instance created at step 410. The instantiation of the container boot manager, by the firmware, at step 425, can include the passing of parameters from the firmware to the container boot manager. For example, the parameters can be provided from the firmware to the container boot manager in the form of pointers to values, command line parameters provided as part of an execution instruction implemented by the container boot manager, or other like passing of parameters into a process being instantiated. Such parameters can include a specification of the boot device, which, in the present example, can still be the container host connection. As indicated in
At step 430, the container boot manager can utilize the identified boot device, passed in as a parameter by the firmware at step 425, to find, open and read container boot configuration data. In the present example, at step 430, such container boot configuration data will be read through the container host connection. At step 435, as part of the reading of the container boot configuration data, the container boot configuration data can include a specification of a new boot device, namely the composite device detailed above. As indicated in
Subsequent to step 445, if performed, or step 435, if the aspect represented by steps 440 and 445 is not utilized, processing can proceed to step 450 and the container boot manager can utilize the new boot device specified at step 435, namely the composite device in the present example, to locate and instantiate a container operating system loader into the container instance created in step 410. At step 450, the container operating system loader can be obtained from the host computing device, if no changes were made to the operating system loader within the container environment. More specifically, the utilization of the new boot device, being a composite device, can first check a primary device, and a primary file system, for the container operating system loader. As detailed above, such a primary device, and primary file system, can be associated with the container environment in order to find any modified copies of the container operating system loader. If the container operating system loader was unmodified, then a secondary device and a secondary file system, such as associated with the host computing device, can be utilized and the container operating system loader can be instantiated, at step 450, from there. As indicated in
Once instantiated into the container instance, and executing therefrom, the operating system loader can proceed to find and read operating system configuration data from the boot device, which, in the present example, can be the composite device specified by the container boot configuration data at step 435. At step 455, therefore, if the operating system configuration data was modified, a primary device, and a primary file system, associated with the container environment, can be utilized to provide access to the modified operating system configuration data, and the operating system loader can utilize such modified operating system configuration data to boot the operating system. In such a manner, processes executing within a container environment can modify the booting of the operating system of such a container environment. Conversely, if the operating system configuration data was not modified, a secondary device, and a secondary file system, associated with the host computing environment, can be utilized to provide access to the unmodified operating system configuration data and, at step 555, the operating system loader can utilize such unmodified operating system configuration data to boot the operating system. The booting of an operating system into the container environment can then complete at step 460.
Turning to
Turning back to the exemplary flow diagram 500, if the access request is a file open request, then, at step 515, the requested file can be read from the highest layer where the file exists. Thus, for example, if the file exists in the primary file system, that file can be provided in response to the request received at step 510. Conversely, if the file does not exist in the primary file system, the secondary file system can be checked for the file, and if the file is located in the secondary file system, it can be provided from there in response to the request. According to one aspect, metadata, such as in the form of a flag or other like indicator, can be generated to identify the file system where the file was located, such that subsequent requests for the same file can be directed to the identified file system, with the other file systems being skipped. Such metadata can be cached in one or more tables, such as file tables implemented by the composite file system, or other analogous databases or data structures. Subsequently, the relevant processing can end at step 560.
If the access request is a file write request, then, if the file is not already in the primary file system, a copy-on-write can be performed to copy the file from the secondary file system into the primary file system and then persist the changes being written to the file in the primary file system, thereby maintaining isolation between the container environment, having access to the primary file system, and the host computing environment, having access to the secondary file system, where the unchanged file can remain. Subsequently, the relevant processing can end at step 560.
If the access request is a file deletion request, received from processes executing within the container environment, then a deletion marker can be placed in the primary file system, at step 525. According to one aspect, when a file deletion marker is encountered at any layer, the composite file system returns an indication that the file is no longer available. Subsequently, the relevant processing can end at step 560.
If the access request is a device-based request, such as a request to mount a volume, processing can proceed to step 530 and the composite device can send such a request to each layer's file system. In such a manner, the relevant volume can be mounted at each layer such that subsequent directory enumerations, or file access requests can encompass both an underlying base layer provided by the host computing environment, which is not changeable from the container environment, and a primary, or overlay, layer accessible from within the container environment and persisting changes made within the container environment. According to one aspect, if, at step 535, it is determined that one or more layers do not have the requested volume, then metadata, such as in the form of a flag or other like indicator, can be generated to identify the layers where the volume is accessible, or, conversely, to identify the layers were the volume is not accessible. Subsequent performance of the step 530 can then send the request only to those layers at which the volume is accessible, based on existing, previously generated markings. Subsequently, the relevant processing can end at step 560.
If the access request is a directory-based access request, such as a request to enumerate the files within a folder, or otherwise open a folder, processing can proceed with step 540, at which point the request can be sent to each layer's file system. As before, if, at step 545, it is determined that one or more layers do not have the requested folder, then metadata, such as in the form of a flag or other like indicator, can be generated to identify the layers that do not have such a folder, or, conversely, to identify the layers having such a folder. Subsequent iterations of step 540 can then direct the open folder request, for example, only to those layers that have the folder, based on the existing markings, such as from prior performance of step 545. Once the files in the folder are enumerated at every layer, or, more specifically, every layer having such a folder, the presented listing of files can be in accordance with the priority of the layers. More specifically, and as detailed above, if the file exists in a higher layer, the same file from a lower layer is not shown. Thus, for example, if a modified copy of the file, modified from within a container environment, and therefore saved in the primary file system, namely the container file system, exists, then the unmodified file, from the host environment, they can be part of the secondary file system, can be not shown, and an enumeration of the files in the folder can include only the modified copy of the file from the primary file system. Such an aggregation can be performed at step 555. Additionally, such as at step 550, any file corresponding to a deletion marker at a higher layer can be indicated as no longer available, and, therefore, not presented as part of the enumeration of files in a folder. Deletion markers can also be utilized for folders, with a folder corresponding to a deletion marker at a higher layer causing the aggregation, at step 555, to not present any files that are present in that folder at lower layers. Upon completion of steps 550 and 555, the relevant processing can end at step 560.
Turning to
The computing device 600 also typically includes computer readable media, which can include any available media that can be accessed by computing device 600 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media and removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes media implemented in any method or technology for storage of content such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired content and which can be accessed by the computing device 600. Computer storage media, however, does not include communication media. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any content delivery media. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media.
The system memory 630 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 631 and random access memory (RAM) 632. A basic input/output system 633 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer content between elements within computing device 600, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 631. RAM 632 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 620. By way of example, and not limitation,
The computing device 600 may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,
The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in
The computing device 600 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers. The computing device 600 is illustrated as being connected to the general network connection 651 (to the network 670) through a network interface or adapter 650, which is, in turn, connected to the system bus 621. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computing device 600, or portions or peripherals thereof, may be stored in the memory of one or more other computing devices that are communicatively coupled to the computing device 600 through the general network connection 661. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between computing devices may be used.
Although described as a single physical device, the exemplary computing device 600 can be a virtual computing device, in which case the functionality of the above-described physical components, such as the CPU 620, the system memory 630, the network interface 640, and other like components can be provided by computer-executable instructions. Such computer-executable instructions can execute on a single physical computing device, or can be distributed across multiple physical computing devices, including being distributed across multiple physical computing devices in a dynamic manner such that the specific, physical computing devices hosting such computer-executable instructions can dynamically change over time depending upon need and availability. In the situation where the exemplary computing device 600 is a virtualized device, the underlying physical computing devices hosting such a virtualized computing device can, themselves, comprise physical components analogous to those described above, and operating in a like manner. Furthermore, virtual computing devices can be utilized in multiple layers with one virtual computing device executing within the construct of another virtual computing device. The term “computing device”, therefore, as utilized herein, means either a physical computing device or a virtualized computing environment, including a virtual computing device, within which computer-executable instructions can be executed in a manner consistent with their execution by a physical computing device. Similarly, terms referring to physical components of the computing device, as utilized herein, mean either those physical components or virtualizations thereof performing the same or equivalent functions.
The descriptions above include, as a first example, a computing device comprising: one or more processing units; and one or more computer-readable storage media comprising: a first computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processing units, cause the computing device to: host a container providing a file system virtualization environment isolated from a host file system of the computing device; and a container operating system image comprising: a container boot manager, a first container boot configuration data, a container operating system loader, and a first container operating system configuration data; wherein the container boot manager comprises a second computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processing units, cause the computing device to: read the first container boot configuration data from the container operating system image via a container host connection that appears, from within the container, as a device; receive, from the reading of the first container boot configuration data, a specification of a composite device as a boot device, the composite device abstracting a first device as a primary layer of the composite device and a second device as a secondary layer of the composite device; and identify the composite device as the boot device to the container operating system loader; and wherein the container operating system loader comprises a third computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processing units, cause the computing device to: receive the identification of the composite device as the boot device; read an obtained container operating system configuration data from the composite device; and utilize the obtained operating system configuration data to boot an operating system in the container.
A second example is the computing device of the first example, wherein the container operating system image further comprises a container firmware.
A third example is the computing device of the second example, wherein the first computer-executable instructions further cause the computing device to: utilize a hypervisor of the computing device to execute the container firmware in the container.
A fourth example is the computing device of the first example, wherein the container host connection appears, from within the container, as a network connection.
A fifth example is the computing device of the first example, wherein the second computer-executable instructions further cause the computing device to: receive an identification of the container host connection as the boot device; determine that the composite device differs from the container host connection; and in response to the determination that the identified boot device changed, reading container boot configuration data from the composite device; wherein the receiving the specification of the composite device as the boot device occurs subsequent to the receiving the identification of the container host connection as the boot device.
A sixth example is the computing device of the fifth example, wherein the determining that the composite device differs from the container host connection comprises comparing device identifiers, the device identifier of the composite device being based on device identifiers of the first and second devices abstracted by the composite device.
A seventh example is the computing device of the fifth example, wherein the reading the container boot configuration data from the composite device comprises reading the first container boot configuration data again from the container operating system image.
An eighth example is the computing device of the fifth example, wherein the reading the container boot configuration data from the composite device comprises reading a second container boot configuration data from a sandbox comprising file activity from within the container that is isolated from the host file system of the computing device.
A ninth example is the computing device of the first example, wherein the reading the obtained container operating system configuration data from the composite device comprises reading the first container operating system configuration data from the container operating system image.
A tenth example is the computing device of the first example, wherein the reading the obtained container operating system configuration data from the composite device comprises reading a second container operating system configuration data from a sandbox comprising file activity from within the container that is isolated from the host file system of the computing device.
An eleventh example is the computing device of the first example, wherein the first device abstracted by the composite device is a sandbox comprising file activity from within the container that is isolated from the host file system of the computing device and the second device abstracted by the composite device is the container host connection.
A twelfth example is the computing device of the first example, wherein the composite device is associated with a composite file system abstracting, as a primary layer, a first file system providing access to data persisted on the first device and, as a secondary layer, a second file system providing access to data persisted on the second device.
A thirteenth example is the method of booting an operating system in a container providing a file system virtualization environment isolated from a host computing environment hosting the container, the method comprising: receiving a specification of a composite device as a boot device, the composite device abstracting a first device as a primary layer of the composite device and a second device as a secondary layer of the composite device; reading, in response to the receipt of the specification of the composite device as the boot device, operating system configuration data from a composite file system associated with the composite device, the composite file system abstracting, as a primary layer of the composite file system, a first file system providing access to data persisted on the first device and, as a secondary layer of the composite file system, a second file system providing access to data persisted on the second device; and utilizing the read operating system configuration data to boot the operating system in the container; wherein the read operating system configuration data was read from the first file system file system based upon the operating system configuration data being found in the first file system; and wherein the read operating system configuration data was read from the second file system file system based upon the operating system configuration data not being found in the first file system.
A fourteenth example is a method of the thirteenth example, wherein the first file system is at least a part of the file system virtualization environment of the container such that edits made from within the container are accessible through the first file system and are isolated from, and not accessible through, the second file system.
A fifteenth example is the method of the thirteenth example, further comprising: receiving a specification of the second device as an initial boot device; and reading boot configuration data from the second file system based on the received specification of the second device as the initial boot device; wherein the receiving the specification of the composite device as the boot device occurs from the reading of the boot configuration data.
A sixteenth example the method of the fifteenth example, further comprising: reading the boot configuration data from the composite file system in response to determining that the reading the boot configuration data from the second file system resulted in the receiving the specification of a different boot device.
A seventeenth example is the method of the thirteenth example, further comprising: directing a volume mount request for an identified volume to the composite device; passing the volume mount request to devices at each layer of the composite device in the absence of existing metadata indicating that one or more layers of the composite device lack the identified volume; and passing the volume mount request to devices at only those layers of the composite device indicated by the existing metadata as having the identified volume.
An eighteenth example is the method of the thirteenth example, further comprising: directing a folder open request for an identified folder to the composite file system; passing the folder open request to file systems at each layer of the composite file system in the absence of existing metadata indicating that one or more layers of the composite file system lack the identified folder; passing the folder open request to file systems at only those layers of the composite file system indicated by the existing metadata as having the identified folder; and generating a file listing for the identified folder comprising, for a first file found in the identified folder at multiple layers of the composite file system, only a single instance of the first file from the highest layer where the first file was found.
A nineteenth example is the method of the eighteenth example, wherein the generating the file listing comprises excluding a second file found in the identified folder at a first layer of the composite file system if a file deletion marker corresponding to the second file exists at a higher layer than the first layer.
A twentieth example is one or more computer-readable storage media comprising computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, perform steps comprising: receiving a specification of a composite device as a boot device, the composite device abstracting a first device as a primary layer of the composite device and a second device as a secondary layer of the composite device; reading, in response to the receipt of the specification of the composite device as the boot device, operating system configuration data from a composite file system associated with the composite device, the composite file system abstracting, as a primary layer of the composite file system, a first file system providing access to data persisted on the first device and, as a secondary layer of the composite file system, a second file system providing access to data persisted on the second device; and utilizing the read operating system configuration data to boot the operating system in the container; wherein the read operating system configuration data was read from the first file system file system based upon the operating system configuration data being found in the first file system; and wherein the read operating system configuration data was read from the second file system file system based upon the operating system configuration data not being found in the first file system.
As can be seen from the above descriptions, mechanisms for providing a layered composite boot device and file system for operating system booting in file system virtualization environments have been presented. In view of the many possible variations of the subject matter described herein, we claim as our invention all such embodiments as may come within the scope of the following claims and equivalents thereto.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7865479 | Gu et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 9123092 | Thakkar et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9244674 | Waterman | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 10169209 | Mcpherson et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 20100235615 | Manczak | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100262638 | Fitzgerald | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20110055299 | Phillips | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110161649 | Bert | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110208929 | McCann | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20120204173 | Liu | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120297181 | Lee | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20130024857 | Yusupov | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20140033189 | Buswell | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140053150 | Barnett | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20170293491 | Warkentin | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20180060059 | Wang | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180285139 | Shapira | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20180307537 | Chen et al. | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20190228087 | Lee | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190250926 | Ravichandran | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20200301616 | Ciocari | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| Entry |
|---|
| “About Docker”, Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20190518062328/https:/docs.cancergenomicscloud.org/docs/docker-basics, May 18, 2019, 4 Pages. |
| Cheng, Sarah X., “A Method of Merging VMware Disk Images through File System Unification”, In Thesis Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Feb. 2011, 67 Pages. |
| Zheng, et al., “Wharf: Sharing Docker Images in a Distributed File System”, In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing, Oct. 11, 2018, 12 Pages. |
| “International Search Report and Written Opinion Issued in PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/059916”, dated Feb. 24, 2021, 12 Pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20210182078 A1 | Jun 2021 | US |
