The present disclosure relates to manufacturing processes for end-components, and more particularly to systems and methods for creating patterns and molds that can be used to create end-components.
Sand casting, also known as sand molded casting, is a metal casting process characterized by using sand as the mold material. Molds made of sand are relatively cheap, and sufficiently durable for most industrial uses. In addition to the sand, a suitable bonding agent may be mixed with the sand. The mold cavities are often created by compacting the sand molds around models of the end-component that the manufacturer desires to produce. The models of the end-components are called patterns. The patterns may also be created by carving directly into the sand, or by 3D printing. The patterns and molds can be formed of other materials as well, which introduce the opportunity for improvements within the process traditionally known as sand casting.
Therefore, there is a need for improved automation within finite portions of sand casting processes. For example, the patterns and the molds themselves can be created more expeditiously and cost effectively, using new techniques and unique process steps, which are recited herein.
In an illustrative embodiment, a method of manufacturing a final pattern for a mold using layered slabs comprises: preparing a desired number of slabs including a first slab and a second slab; machining the first slab with an automated machining tool; adhering the second slab to the first slab; machining the second slab with the automated machining tool; and repeating the adhering step and subsequent machining step for each additional slab included in the desired number of slabs to form the final pattern.
In some embodiments, each slab is comprised of a first material. In some embodiments, the first material is comprised of: at least one of: polyamide, acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyurethane, polypropylene, another thermal plastic, steel weld wire, and aluminum weld wire.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: applying a second material to the final pattern; shaping the second material to match contours of the final pattern; removing the second material from the final pattern to form a mold; and forming an end-component by applying a third material to the mold. In some embodiments, the second material is comprised of at least one of: sand, steel, and aluminum.
In some embodiments, the automated machining tool includes a machining portion having a length; each slab included in the desired number of slabs has a height; and the length of the machining portion of the automated machining tool is greater than the height of each respective slab.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises identifying an initial pattern prior to the step of preparing the desired number of slabs. In some embodiments, the initial pattern is a three dimensional model of the final pattern. In some embodiments, the initial pattern comprises a plurality of layers. In some embodiments, the desired number of slabs is equal to the number of layers included in the plurality of layers of the initial pattern.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises identifying an initial pattern prior to the step of preparing the desired number of slabs. In some embodiments, the initial pattern is a three dimensional model of the final pattern. In some embodiments, the initial pattern comprises a plurality of layers. In some embodiments, preparing the desired number of slabs includes forming each slab to include a near net shape corresponding to a layer of the initial pattern.
In some embodiments, preparing the desired number of slabs includes forming each slab to have an identical border surrounding the near net shape of the slab. In some embodiments, preparing the desired number of slabs includes forming each slab to include a grid of at least one repeating geometric shape coupled to the border and the near net shape of the slab.
In some embodiments, each machining step includes: removing the grid and border from the near net shape of the slab; and removing an excess portion of the near net shape of the slab to form a finished portion of the final pattern based on a corresponding layer of the identified initial pattern. In some embodiments, the adhering step includes adhering a near net shape of the second slab to the finished portion of the first slab.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises positioning the border of the first slab in a predetermined location that is associated with an automated machining tool prior to machining the first slab. In some embodiments, the method further comprises aligning the second slab with the predetermined location prior to adhering the second slab to the first slab.
An another illustrative embodiment, a method of manufacturing a final pattern for a mold using layered slabs comprises: preparing a first slab; machining the first slab; preparing a second slab atop the first slab such that the second slab is coupled to the first slab; machining the second slab; and repeating the preparing atop step and the subsequent machining step for each additional slab included in the final pattern.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises identifying an initial pattern prior to the step of preparing the first slab. In some embodiments, the initial pattern is a three dimensional model of the final pattern. In some embodiments, the initial pattern comprises a plurality of layers. In some embodiments, the preparing and preparing atop steps include forming each slab to include a near net shape corresponding to a layer of the initial pattern.
In some embodiments, the preparing and preparing atop steps include: forming each slab to have an identical border surrounding the near net shape of the slab; and forming each slab to including a grid of at least one repeating geometric shape coupled to the border and the near net shape of the slab.
In some embodiments, the machining step includes: removing the grid and border from the near net shape of the slab; and removing an excess portion of the near net shape of the slab to form a finished portion of the final pattern based on a corresponding layer of the identified initial pattern.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises positioning the border of the first slab in a predetermined location that is associated with an automated machining tool prior to machining the first slab with the automated machining tool. In some embodiments, preparing a second slab atop the first slab includes aligning the second slab with the predetermined location.
In another illustrative embodiment, a method of manufacturing a final mold using layered slabs comprises: identifying an initial mold that is a three dimensional model of a final mold, wherein the initial mold comprises a plurality of layers; preparing a desired number of slabs including a first slab and a second slab, wherein each slab is comprised of a first material; machining the first slab based on a corresponding layer of the identified initial mold; adhering the second slab to the first slab; machining the second slab based on a corresponding layer of the identified initial mold; repeating the adhering step and subsequent machining step for each additional slab included in the desired number of slabs to form the final mold; and forming an end-component by applying a second material to the final mold. In some embodiments, the first material is comprised of at least one of: sand, steel, or aluminum.
In some embodiments, preparing the desired number of slabs includes forming each slab to have an identical border. In some embodiments, the method further comprises positioning the border of the first slab in a predetermined location that is associated with an automated machining tool prior to machining the first slab with the automated machining tool; and aligning the second slab with the predetermined location prior to adhering the second slab to the first slab.
In another illustrative embodiment, a system for manufacturing a final pattern for a mold using layered slabs includes: a machining tool; an extruding tool configured to extrude a first material; a slab placement tool; an adhesive application tool; and a controller operatively coupled to each of the tools, wherein the controller is configured to instruct at least one of the tools to perform the steps of the methods recited above.
In another illustrative embodiment, a system for manufacturing a final mold using layered slabs comprises: a machining tool; an extruding tool configured to extrude a first material; a slab placement tool; an adhesive application tool; and a controller operatively coupled to each of the tools. The controller is configured to instruct at least one of the tools to perform the steps of the methods recited above.
The above-mentioned aspects of the present disclosure and the manner of obtaining them will become more apparent and the disclosure itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of the embodiments of the disclosure, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Corresponding reference numerals are used to indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
The embodiments of the present disclosure described below are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art may appreciate and understand the principles and practices of the present disclosure.
The control system 100 further includes an extruding tool 110, a machining tool 112, and a slab placement tool 114, which are each operatively coupled to the controller 106. The controller 106 is configured to send signals to the extruding tool 110, the machining tool 112, and the slab placement tool 114 based on signals received from the user interface 108 and/or based on instructions stored on the memory of the controller 106. The instructions (i.e. algorithmic steps) will be described in greater detail below. The machining tool 112 includes a machining portion having a length 150 (see
As shown in
Referring again to
An extruding tool 110, e.g., the extruding tool of
As shown in
Referring again to
The method 200 further includes a step 208 of machining the first slab 124 to form a finished portion 140 of the final pattern 102 (see
As suggested by
Referring again to
The method 200 then proceeds to a step 212 of adhering the second slab 126 to the first slab 124. The adhering step 212 includes adhering the near net shape 134 of the second slab 126 to the finished portion 140 resulting from the first slab 124. In some embodiments, the control system 100 includes an automated adhesive application tool that is operatively coupled to the controller 106. In some embodiments, the adhesive application tool automatically applies adhesive to the finished portion 140 or to the near net shape 134 of the second slab 126 in response to instruction from the controller 106. The second slab 126 may be coupled to the finished portion 140 after the adhesive is applied to one of the components 140, 126. In some embodiments, the coupling of the components 140, 126 may be performed by the slab placement tool 114 in response to instruction by the controller 106.
After the components 140, 126 have been adhered to one another, the method 200 then proceeds to a step 214 of machining the second slab 126. Similar to the machining step 208, the machining step 214 includes removing: (i) the standard border 136 and the grid 138 from the near net shape 134 of the second slab 126; and (ii) removing an excess portion of the near net shape 134 of the second slab 126 to form another finished portion 142 of the final pattern 102. The sub-step of removing an excess portion includes removing an excess portion of the near net shape 134 such that the remaining portion of the near net shape 134 matches the size and shape of the corresponding layer of the initial pattern 116. The remaining portion of the near net shape 134 is referred to as the finished portion 142 of the final pattern 102.
The method 200 further includes a step 216. The step 216 is comprised of repeating the aligning step 210, the adhering step 212, and the subsequent machining step 214 for each additional slab included in the desired number of slabs to form the final pattern 102. After the final pattern 102 is formed, the mold and subsequently the end-components may be formed according to the steps described below.
The method 200 includes a step 218 of applying a second material to the final pattern 102. In some embodiments, the second material is comprised of at least one of: sand, steel, and aluminum. The method 200 then proceeds to a step 220 of shaping the second material against the final pattern 102 such that the second material mirrors the contours of the final pattern 102. The method 200 then proceeds to a step 222 of removing the second material from the final pattern 102 to form a mold. The method 200 then proceeds to a step 224 of applying a third material to the mold to form an end-component. Step 224 may be repeated a number of times based on the desired number of end-components to be created from the mold.
Referring still to
The method 300 then proceeds to a step 306 of positioning the border 136 of the first slab 124 in a predetermined location that is associated with the automated machining tool 112. After the positioning step 306, the method 300 proceeds to a step 308 of machining the first slab 124. The machining step 308 includes removing: (i) the standard border 136 and the grid 138 from the near net shape 134 of the first slab 124; and (ii) removing an excess portion of the near net shape 134 of the first slab 124 to form a finished portion 140 of the final pattern 102. The sub-step of removing an excess portion includes removing an excess portion of the near net shape 134 such that the remaining portion of the near net shape 134 matches the size and shape of the corresponding layer of the initial pattern 116. The remaining portion of the near net shape 134 is referred to as the finished portion 140 of the final pattern 102.
After the first slab 124 has been machined, the method 300 then proceeds to a step 310 of preparing a second slab 126 atop the first slab 124 such that the second slab 126 is coupled to the first slab 124 upon being prepared. In other words, in response to instruction by the controller 106, the extruding tool 110 extrudes a first material (i.e. the second slab 126) directly onto the finished portion 140 of the final pattern 102.
In some embodiments, the preparing atop step 310 includes one or more sub-steps such as: forming the second slab 126 to include a near net shape 134 corresponding to a second layer of the initial pattern 116; forming the second slab 126 to have a standard border 136 surrounding the near net shape 134 of the second slab 126; forming the second slab 126 to including a grid 138 of at least one repeating geometric shape that is coupled to the border 136 and the near net shape 134 of the second slab 126. It should be appreciated that the standard borders of the first and second slabs 124, 126 are identical. In some embodiments, the preparing atop step 310 includes aligning the standard border 134 of the second slab 126 with the predetermined location. In other words, the standard border 134 of the second slab 126 is positioned directly above the location where the standard border 134 of the first slab 124 was positioned prior to the machining step 308.
After the preparing atop step 310, the method 300 proceeds to a step 312 of machining the second slab 124. The machining step 312 includes removing: (i) the standard border 136 and the grid 138 from the near net shape 134 of the second slab 126; and (ii) removing an excess portion of the near net shape 134 of the second slab 126 to form another finished portion 142 of the final pattern 102. The sub-step of removing an excess portion includes removing an excess portion of the near net shape 134 such that the remaining portion of the near net shape 134 matches the size and shape of the corresponding layer of the initial pattern 116. The remaining portion of the near net shape 134 is referred to as the finished portion 142 of the final pattern 102.
The method then proceeds to a step 314 of repeating the preparing atop step 310 and the subsequent machining step 312 to form the final pattern 102. Step 314 is repeated the number of times that is required such that slabs are constructed for each corresponding layer of the initial pattern 116. In other words, the desired number of slabs to be prepared is equal to the number of layers included in the plurality of layers of the initial pattern 116.
The initial mold comprises a plurality of layers. In illustrative embodiments, the layers may be vertically or horizontally extending portions of the initial mold. In some embodiments, each layer has a uniform height or thickness, and in other embodiments, the layers may differ in height or thickness from each other. The initial mold is a digital representation or three dimensional model of the final mold, and the final mold is used to create a plurality of end-components having mirror image but otherwise identical contours to the final mold, as will be described in greater detail below.
The method 400 further includes a step 404 of preparing a desired number of slabs including a first slab and a second slab. Each slab is comprised of a first material, and the first material is comprised of at least one of sand, steel, and aluminum. The desired number of slabs is equal to the number of layers included in the plurality of layers of the initial mold. Preparing a desired number of slabs includes forming each slab to have an identical border.
The method 400 proceeds to a step 406 of positioning the border of the first slab in a predetermined location that is associated with an automated machining tool (e.g. the machine tool 112).
The method 400 proceeds to a step 408 of machining the first slab based on a corresponding layer of the identified initial mold. Since the initial mold has already been identified (and therefore, the size and shape of the final mold is stored in memory of the controller 106), the machining tool 112 automatically removes the undesired portions of the first slab in response to instruction from the controller 106 to form a finished portion of the final mold. The machining tool 112 is able to do so since the first slab is in a known location relative to the machining tool 112 (i.e. the predetermined location). Machining step 408 includes removing an excess portion of the first slab to form a finished portion of the final mold. It should be appreciated that the finished portion of the final mold is identical to a corresponding layer of the initial mold.
The method 400 proceeds to a step 410 of aligning the second slab with the predetermined location. The aligning step 410 includes positioning the second slab adjacent (or above) the first slab such that the border of the second slab is aligned with the location at which the border of the first slab was positioned prior to the machining step 408. In some embodiments, in response to instruction from the controller 106, the slab placement tool 114 automatically moves the first slab to the predetermined location.
The method 400 proceeds to a step 412 of adhering the second slab to the first slab. In some embodiments, the adhesive application tool automatically applies adhesive to the finished portion of the first slab the second slab 126 in response to instruction from the controller 106. The second slab may be coupled to the first slab after the adhesive is applied to one of the slabs. In some embodiments, the coupling of the slabs may be performed by the slab placement tool 114 in response to instruction by the controller 106.
The method 400 proceeds to a step 414 of machining the second slab based on a corresponding layer of the identified initial mold. The machining step 414 includes removing an excess portion of the second slab to form another finished portion of the final mold. It should be appreciated that the another finished portion of the final mold is identical to a corresponding layer of the initial mold.
The method 400 proceeds to a step 414 of repeating the adhering step 412 and subsequent machining step 414 to form the final mold. The step 414 is repeated the number of times that is required such that slabs are constructed for each corresponding layer of the initial mold. In other words, the desired number of slabs to be prepared is equal to the number of layers included in the plurality of layers of the initial mold.
After the repeating step 416, the method 400 proceeds to a step 418 of forming an end-component by applying a second material to the final mold. Step 418 may be repeated based on the desired number of end-components to be created from the final mold.
While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description is to be considered as exemplary and not restrictive in character, it being understood that illustrative embodiment(s) have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the disclosure are initial to be protected. It will be noted that alternative embodiments of the present disclosure may not include all of the features described yet still benefit from at least some of the advantages of such features. Those of ordinary skill in the art may readily devise their own implementations that incorporate one or more of the features of the present disclosure and fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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2399373 | Miller | Apr 1946 | A |
Entry |
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Luo, Xiaoming, “Process planning for an Additive/Subtractive Rapid Pattern Manufacturing system” (2009). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 11027. (Year: 2009). |
Robotic Solutions, Inc.; “Handling Foundry Sand Molds”; Shows 2-piece sand molds with recessed flat surfaces on the sides, and a robot with grips that fit these recesses to manipulate the molds; Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPtTi8_Dvsl. |
Exone Excast Program / 3D Printing for Sand Casting; Additively manufactures solid/bound sand slabs (possibly of varying thicknesses), then combines them to form sand molds; Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENKSgeVOHwM. |
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Matthew C. Frank, Frank E. Peters, Xioming Luo, Fanqi Meng, Joseph Petrzelka; “A Hybrid Rapid Pattern Manufacturing System for Sand Castings”; Academic Paper: http://utw10945.utweb.utexas.edu/Manuscripts/2009/2009-05-Frank.pdf; pp. 11; Date: May 2009. |
Robotic Solutions, Inc.; “Handling Foundry Sand Molds”; Shows 2-piece sand molds with recessed flat surfaces on the sides, and a robot with grips that fit these recesses to manipulate the molds; Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPtTi8_Dvsl; Date: Feb. 7, 2008. |
Exone Excast Program / 3D Printing for Sand Casting; Additively manufactures solid/bound sand slabs (possibly of varying thicknesses), then combines them to form sand molds; Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENKSgeVOHwM; Date: Dec. 2, 2014. |