The present technology is directed generally to leads having sidewall openings for receiving stylets, e.g., to steer and position the leads within a patient and/or with respect to a pulse generator, and associated systems and methods.
Neurological stimulators have been developed to treat pain, movement disorders, functional disorders, spasticity, cancer, cardiac disorders, and various other medical conditions. Implantable neurological stimulation systems generally have an implantable pulse generator and one or more leads that deliver electrical pulses to neurological tissue or muscle tissue. For example, several neurological stimulation systems for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) have cylindrical leads that include a lead body with a circular cross-sectional shape and multiple conductive rings spaced apart from each other at the distal end of the lead body. The conductive rings operate as individual electrodes or contacts and the SCS leads are typically implanted either surgically or externally through a needle inserted into the epidural space, often with the assistance of a stylet.
Once implanted, the pulse generator applies electrical pulses to the electrodes, which in turn modify the function of the patient's nervous system, such as by altering the patient's responsiveness to sensory stimuli and/or altering the patient's motor-circuit output. The electrical pulses can generate sensations that mask or otherwise alter the patient's sensation of pain. For example, in many cases, patients report a tingling or paresthesia that is perceived as more pleasant and/or less uncomfortable than the underlying pain sensation. In other cases, the patients can receive pain relief without paresthesia or other sensations.
The present technology is directed generally to leads having a sidewall with one or more openings (e.g., sidewall openings) and associated systems and methods. In some embodiments, the leads are implantable leads. In some embodiments, the implantable leads are modulation leads. For example, the modulation leads can be spinal cord stimulation (SCS) leads, deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) leads, and/or sacral (e.g., non-spinal cord region, such as horsetail region) stimulation leads. In some embodiments, the leads are percutaneous leads. In at least some contexts, the leads include a lumen extending from the sidewall opening to a distal portion of the lead. The lumen can be configured to receive a stylet shaped and sized to be removably inserted into the lumen through the opening. The lead can further include a proximal portion, and an intermediate portion disposed between the distal portion and the proximal portion. Together, the intermediate portion and the distal portion comprise a steerable portion of the lead. Leads configured in accordance with the present technology can have improved steering by virtue of one or more openings disposed in the intermediate portion of the lead. As a result, longer leads can be steered similarly to shorter leads. Furthermore, leads configured in accordance with the present technology can reduce the duration of a procedure associated with inserting and/or positioning a lead, and/or can increase the accuracy and/or the efficiency of these procedures.
In other embodiments, the lumen can extend from the sidewall opening (located at the intermediate portion of a lead) to a proximal end of the lead. Accordingly, the stylet can provide support to the proximal portion of the lead. The practitioner can use this arrangement to improve the ease and accuracy with which the proximal portion of the lead is inserted into a pulse generator or other device that provides electrical or other communication with the distal end of the lead. As will be described in further detail below, whether the sidewall opening or openings facilitate support of the distal end of the lead and/or the proximal end of the lead, the opening(s) can improve the efficiency, accuracy, and/or repeatability of insertion processes performed with the lead.
Specific details of some embodiments of the present technology are described below with reference to representative spinal cord modulation leads to provide a thorough understanding of these embodiments, but some embodiments can have other arrangements. Several details describing structures or processes that are well-known and often associated with leads and associated devices but that may unnecessarily obscure some significant aspects of the disclosure are not set forth in the following description for purposes of clarity. Moreover, although the following disclosure sets forth some embodiments of different aspects of the technology, some embodiments of the technology can have different configurations, different components, and/or different procedures than those described below. Some embodiments may eliminate particular components and/or procedures. A person of ordinary skill in the relevant art, therefore, will understand that the present technology which includes associated devices, systems, and procedures, may include some embodiments with additional elements or steps, and/or may include some embodiments without several of the features or steps shown and described below with reference to
In some embodiments, one signal delivery device may be implanted on one side of the spinal cord midline 189, and a second signal delivery device may be implanted on the other side of the spinal cord midline 189. For example, the first and second leads 111a, 111b shown in
The signal generator 101 can transmit signals (e.g., electrical signals) to the signal delivery elements 110 that up-regulate (e.g., excite) and/or down-regulate (e.g., suppress) target nerves. As used herein, and unless otherwise noted, the terms “modulate,” “modulation,” “stimulate,” and “stimulation” refer generally to signals that have either type of the foregoing effects on the target nerves. Accordingly, a spinal cord “stimulator” can have an inhibitory effect on certain neural populations. The signal generator 101 can include a machine-readable (e.g., computer-readable) or controller-readable medium containing instructions for generating and transmitting suitable therapy signals. The signal generator 101 and/or other elements of the system 100 can include one or more processor(s) 107, memory unit(s) 108, and/or input/output device(s) 112. Accordingly, the process of providing modulation signals, providing guidance information for positioning the signal delivery devices 110, establishing battery charging and/or discharging parameters, and/or executing other associated functions can be performed by computer-executable instructions contained by, on or in computer-readable media located at the pulse generator 101 and/or other system components. Further, the pulse generator 101 and/or other system components may include dedicated hardware, firmware, and/or software for executing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, perform any one or more methods, processes, and/or sub-processes described in the references incorporated herein by reference. The dedicated hardware, firmware, and/or software also serve as “means for” performing the methods, processes, and/or sub-processes described herein. The signal generator 101 can also include multiple portions, elements, and/or subsystems (e.g., for directing signals in accordance with multiple signal delivery parameters), carried in a single housing, as shown in
The signal generator 101 can also receive and respond to an input signal received from one or more sources. The input signals can direct or influence the manner in which the therapy, charging, and/or process instructions are selected, executed, updated, and/or otherwise performed. The input signals can be received from one or more sensors (e.g., an input device 112 shown schematically in
In some embodiments, the signal generator 101 and/or signal delivery devices 110 can obtain power to generate the therapy signals from an external power source 103. For example, the external power source 103 can by-pass an implanted signal generator and generate a therapy signal directly at the signal delivery devices 110 (or via signal relay components). The external power source 103 can transmit power to the implanted signal generator 101 and/or directly to the signal delivery devices 110 using electromagnetic induction (e.g., RF signals). For example, the external power source 103 can include an external coil 104 that communicates with a corresponding internal coil (not shown) within the implantable signal generator 101, signal delivery devices 110, and/or a power relay component (not shown). The external power source 103 can be portable for ease of use.
In some embodiments, the signal generator 101 can obtain the power to generate therapy signals from an internal power source, in addition to or in lieu of the external power source 103. For example, the implanted signal generator 101 can include a non-rechargeable battery or a rechargeable battery to provide such power. When the internal power source includes a rechargeable battery, the external power source 103 can be used to recharge the battery. The external power source 103 can in turn be recharged from a suitable power source (e.g., conventional wall power).
During at least some procedures, an external stimulator or trial modulator 105 can be coupled to the signal delivery elements 110 during an initial procedure, prior to implanting the signal generator 101. For example, a practitioner (e.g., a physician and/or a company representative) can use the trial modulator 105 to vary the modulation parameters provided to the signal delivery elements 110 in real time, and select optimal or particularly efficacious parameters. These parameters can include the location from which the electrical signals are emitted, as well as the characteristics of the electrical signals provided to the signal delivery devices 110. In some embodiments, input is collected via the external stimulator or trial modulator and can be used by the clinician to help determine what parameters to vary. In a typical process, the practitioner uses a cable assembly 120 to temporarily connect the trial modulator 105 to the signal delivery device 110. The practitioner can test the efficacy of the signal delivery devices 110 in an initial position. The practitioner can then disconnect the cable assembly 120 (e.g., at a connector 122), reposition the signal delivery devices 110, and reapply the electrical signals. This process can be performed iteratively until the practitioner obtains the desired position for the signal delivery devices 110. Optionally, the practitioner may move the partially implanted signal delivery devices 110 without disconnecting the cable assembly 120. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the iterative process of repositioning the signal delivery devices 110 and/or varying the therapy parameters may not be performed.
The signal generator 101, the lead extension 102, the trial modulator 105 and/or the connector 122 can each include a receiving element 109. Accordingly, the receiving elements 109 can be patient implantable elements, or the receiving elements 109 can be integral with an external patient treatment element, device or component (e.g., the trial modulator 105 and/or the connector 122). The receiving elements 109 can be configured to facilitate a simple coupling and decoupling procedure between the signal delivery devices 110, the lead extension 102, the pulse generator 101, the trial modulator 105 and/or the connector 122. The receiving elements 109 can be at least generally similar in structure and function to those described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0071593, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
After the signal delivery elements 110 are implanted, the patient 190 can receive therapy via signals generated by the trial modulator 105, generally for a limited period of time. During this time, the patient wears the cable assembly 120 and the trial modulator 105 outside the body. Assuming the trial therapy is effective or shows the promise of being effective, the practitioner then replaces the trial modulator 105 with the implanted signal generator 101, and programs the signal generator 101 with therapy programs selected based on the experience gained during the trial period. Optionally, the practitioner can also replace the signal delivery elements 110. Once the implantable signal generator 101 has been positioned within the patient 190, the therapy programs provided by the signal generator 101 can still be updated remotely via a wireless physician's programmer (e.g., a physician's laptop, a physician's remote or remote device, etc.) 117 and/or a wireless patient programmer 106 (e.g., a patient's laptop, patient's remote or remote device, etc.). Generally, the patient 190 has control over fewer parameters than does the practitioner. For example, the capability of the patient programmer 106 may be limited to starting and/or stopping the signal generator 101, and/or adjusting the signal amplitude. The patient programmer 106 may be configured to accept pain relief input as well as other variables, such as medication use.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the parameters in accordance with which the signal generator 101 provides signals can be adjusted during portions of the therapy regimen. For example, the frequency, amplitude, pulse width, and/or signal delivery location can be adjusted in accordance with a pre-set therapy program, patient and/or physician inputs, and/or in a random or pseudorandom manner. Such parameter variations can be used to address a number of potential clinical situations. Certain aspects of the foregoing systems and methods may be simplified or eliminated in particular embodiments of the present disclosure.
The spinal cord 191 is situated within a vertebral foramen 188, between a ventrally located ventral body 196 and a dorsally located transverse process 198 and spinous process 197. Arrows V and D identify the ventral and dorsal directions, respectively. The spinal cord 191 itself is located within the dura mater 199, which also surrounds portions of the nerves exiting the spinal cord 191, including the ventral roots 192, dorsal roots 193 and dorsal root ganglia 194. The dorsal roots 193 enter the spinal cord 191 at the dorsal root entry zone 187, and communicate with dorsal horn neurons located at the dorsal horn 186. In some embodiments, the first and second leads 111a, 111b are positioned just off the spinal cord midline 189 (e.g., about 1 mm. offset) in opposing lateral directions so that the two leads 111a, 111b are spaced apart from each other by about 2 mm, as discussed above. In some embodiments, a lead or pairs of leads can be positioned at other locations, e.g., toward the outer edge of the dorsal root entry zone 187 as shown by a third lead 111c, or at the dorsal root ganglia 194, as shown by a fourth lead 111d, or approximately at the spinal cord midline 189, as shown by a fifth lead 111e.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, it is important that the signal delivery device 110 and in particular, the therapy or electrical contacts of the device, be placed at a target location that is expected (e.g., by a practitioner) to produce efficacious results in the patient when the device 110 is activated. The following sections describe techniques and systems for simplifying the process of placing contacts via one or more leads 111 which to deliver neural modulation signals to the patient.
Systems of the type described above with reference to
As illustrated in
In some embodiments, the lead 111 can include more than one opening 117 operably connected to more than one lead lumen 115, each of which can extend distally from each of the openings 117. For example, the lead 111 can include the first opening 117a coupled to a first lead lumen, another opening coupled to a second lead lumen, yet another opening coupled to a third lead lumen, and so on. In some embodiments, each of the openings 117 and lead lumens 115 can be configured to receive the stylet shaft 131 or other elongated shaft configured to support, position, or otherwise facilitate delivery or other handling of the lead 111. In some embodiments, the lead 111 can include more than one opening 117 coupled to a single lead lumen 115, such as two openings (e.g., shown by reference numbers 117a and 117b in
The lead 111 can further include a membrane that is configured to be penetrated by the stylet shaft 131 and seal at least a portion of a corresponding opening 117 prior to or after engaging the stylet shaft 131. Representative membranes 113 can be plugs or valves (e.g., one-way valves) or continuous structures that can be punctured, torn, or otherwise opened to allow the stylet shaft 131 to enter the lead lumen 115 through the opening 117. In some embodiments, the membrane 113 is a self-sealing septum valve that permits the stylet shaft 131 to pass through, and upon removal of the stylet shaft 131, re-seals to close the lead lumen 115. For example,
Referring again to
As described above, the lead lumen 115 extends between the first opening 117a and the distal portion 111g of the lead 111. In some embodiments, the lead lumen 115 extends all the way to (but not through) the distal end 111i rather than only partially within the distal portion 111g. To increase the steerability of the lead 111 compared to other leads, the first opening 117a can be positioned within the sidewall 118 of the intermediate portion 111h of the lead 111. A steerable lead length SL is defined by a longitudinal length of the lead lumen 115 that is accessible to a stylet via an opening. The steerable length SL is typically less than the overall length L of the lead. In this way, rather than steering the entire lead length L of the lead 111 through a lead lumen 115 extending the entire lead length, a practitioner inserts the stylet shaft 131 and actively steers just the steerable lead length SL. The rest of the lead 111 follows. This can increase the practitioner's efficiency and accuracy when positioning the lead 111 within the patient at a treatment site, compared to leads having lumens extending generally into proximal portions of the leads and coupled to proximal openings configured to receive stylets.
Leads in accordance with some embodiments of the present technology can have a steerable length of about 20 cm, about 25 cm, about 30 cm, about 35 cm, about 40 cm, about 45 cm, or about 50 cm, depending on the length of the lead. For example, a representative lead can have a length of 50 cm and a steerable length of 30 cm. Other combinations of lengths and steerable lengths can be selected based on one or more of the patient's physical characteristics. In addition, the lead 111 can include one or more markers (not shown) with each marker indicating a length interval. For example, leads can include markers positioned longitudinally along the steerable length SL and/or lead length L at intervals of 10 cm, such as a lead 111 having an 80 cm length with seven markers spaced 10 cm apart. Practitioners can refer to these markers as the lead 111 is being delivered to, and positioned within, the patient to provide feedback to the practitioner as to what length of the lead 111 has been delivered to the patient.
In some embodiments, the lead 111 can be formed of a single biocompatible material. In some embodiments, the lead 111 can be formed of more than one biocompatible material. For example, more than one biocompatible material can be used over the entire length L of the lead 111, such as a first material forming a first layer, a second material forming a second layer, and so on. In addition to or in lieu of this arrangement, the distal portion 111g of the lead 111 can be formed of a first material, the intermediate portion 111h can be formed of a second material, and the proximal portion 111g can be formed of a third material. Each of these portions can further include layers formed of the same material or a different material. In some embodiments, the distal portion 111g of the lead 111 can be formed of a similar or the same material(s) as the intermediate portion 111h of the lead 111. The material(s) can be selected to form certain portions of the lead 111, and/or to form certain layers of the lead 111, and/or to prevent the stylet 130 from puncturing a portion of the lead 111 as the distal region 130a of the stylet shaft 131 is being delivered to and through the opening 117.
Regardless of the material(s) forming the lead 111, the materials can have different stiffnesses. As such, leads configured in accordance with the present disclosure can be formed of any number of suitable biocompatible materials (e.g., polyurethane and/or silicone, with or without heat treatment and/or other strengthening/reinforcement agents) having a plurality of different stiffnesses. Stiffness, as used herein, refers to a resistance of a material (of the lead) to bending away from the longitudinal axis L of the lead 111. In this way, one or more material(s) can be selected to form a lead 111 having one or more desired stiffnesses along a length L of the lead 111. For example, the distal portion 111g of the lead 111 and the intermediate portion 111h of the lead 111 together can have a first stiffness and the proximal portion 111g of the lead 111 can have a second, different (e.g., greater) stiffness. In some embodiments, the distal portion 111g of the lead 111 can have a third stiffness, the intermediate portion 111h of the lead 111 can have a fourth stiffness, and the proximal portion 111g of the lead 111 can have a fifth stiffness. Similar to the first stiffness and the second stiffness, the third, fourth, and fifth stiffnesses can be generally similar or different. For example, the fifth stiffness can be stiffer than the fourth stiffness which can be stiffer than the third stiffness.
The stiffnesses of the portions of the lead 111 can be generally similar or different. For example, the second stiffness of the proximal portion 111g of the lead 111 can be greater than the first stiffness of the distal portion 111g of the lead 111 and the intermediate portion 111h of the lead 111. In this configuration, the distal portion 111g of the lead 111 and the intermediate portion 111h of the lead 111 comprise the steerable length SL, and the proximal portion 111f comprises an external length EL of the lead 111. As such, the stiffness of the external length EL is greater than the stiffness of the steerable lead length SL. Moreover, when configured to have the first stiffness and the second stiffness, a transition point or region between the first stiffness and the second stiffness can be formed and is often positioned at or near the first opening 117a.
The lead 111 terminates at the distal end 111i which can be made of the same material as the rest of the lead 111, the same as a material used to form a portion of the lead 111, or can be made of a separate material or component. In some embodiments, the distal end 111i can include a radiopaque portion 123 made of, for example, titanium dioxide or barium sulfate, to aid in positioning the lead 111 via fluoroscopy or another suitable visualization technique.
In some embodiments, the stylet shaft 131, or a portion of the stylet shaft, has a stiffness greater than a stiffness of the lead 111 in which it is inserted. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the stylet shaft 131 can be coated with a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or another suitable fluoropolymer.
The lead 111 can have a plurality of signal delivery elements 110 (e.g., contacts C1-C8) carried by the distal portion 111h of the lead 111 and can be positioned to deliver modulation signals in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. The signal delivery elements 110 are accordingly positioned to contact the patient's tissue when implanted. The contacts C can be ring-shaped and/or can have other shapes. The lead 111 includes internal wires or conductors (described further below with reference to
The lead 111 can be introduced into the patient via a needle, catheter, or the like. In use, the practitioner inserts the stylet shaft 131 into the lead lumen 115, which generally straightens the distal portion 111g of the lead 111 and the intermediate portion 111h of the lead for implantation. Together, the distal region 130a of the stylet 130 and the distal portion 111g of the lead 111 form a distal zone which can be generally straight, optionally with a curved tip (not shown) to aid in steering the lead. Prior to implantation, the shaft 131 of the stylet 130 or other delivery device is slideably and releasably inserted (via the handle 133) into an axially-extending opening (lead lumen 115) in the lead 111 via the opening 117. Once inserted, the shaft 131 extends distally through the lumen 115 along the steerable length SL of the lead 111. During implantation, the lead 111 is positioned in a catheter (not shown) which is inserted into the patient's body. The lead 111 can then be deployed from the catheter using the stylet 130, which supports the lead 111 as the stylet 130 and the lead 111 are moved together until the distal portion 111g and the associated contacts C1-C8 are at the desired location (e.g., treatment site) in the patient. The shaft 131 can generally be flexible, but more rigid than the lead 111, to allow the practitioner to insert the lead 111 and control its position. The lead 111 can be anchored in place once the distal portion 111g is positioned at or near the treatment site. As discussed later, with reference to
After positioning the lead 111, the stylet shaft 131 can be readily and freely removed from the lead lumen 115 by withdrawing the distal end 130a of the stylet shaft 131 away from the spinal cord modulation site and extracting the stylet shaft 131 from the lead lumen 115. In some embodiments, at least one of an inner surface of the lead lumen 115 and an outer surface of the stylet shaft 131 can include a material positioned to facilitate relative sliding and free separation between the surfaces. For example, a PTFE liner or the coating can be placed on an inner surface of the lead lumen 115, in addition to or in lieu of placing it on the stylet shaft 131. Upon removal, at least the distal portion 111g of the lead 111 remains generally straight at the desired treatment location. In some embodiments, a portion of the intermediate portion 111h can also remain generally straight.
Referring next to
The lead anchor 140 can include a longitudinally-extending anchor body 143 having a longitudinally extending aperture 145 that receives the lead 111. The anchor body 143 includes a sleeve 144 in which the longitudinally extending aperture 145 is positioned. The aperture 145 is sized and configured to receive the lead 111 therethrough. A retainer 146 is disposed around the sleeve 144 and is operable to compress or constrict at least a portion of the sleeve 144 against the lead 111 extending through the sleeve 144. The lead 111 is accordingly retained in position relative to the anchor 140 by friction developed between the sleeve 144 and lead 111 due to the compression force exerted by the retainer 146. In general, the circumferential extent of the retainer 146 is sufficient to capture and/or compress the lead 111 in a generally uniform manner. The sleeve 144 and the retainer 146 can be formed from any biocompatible material suitable to exert sufficient compression force to retain the lead 111 in position within longitudinally extending aperture 145, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0005859, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The lead anchor 140 can further comprise one or more anchor tabs 147 extend laterally from the anchor body 143 e.g., on opposite sides. Each anchor tab 147 can include an aperture 149 or other feature to facilitate attaching the lead anchor 140 to a patient's tissue.
In some embodiments, the lead anchor 140 can be configured to mate with the lead using any number of suitable lead anchor 140 mating features (not shown), such as through an opening, a groove, a slit, a channel, or the like, to receive the lead body. In some embodiments, the lead anchor 140 can be used to help seal the opening 117 into the lead lumen 115. Accordingly, the lead 111 can have pre-set anchor locations near (or coincident with) the opening 117.
In a representative embodiment illustrated in
Electrical current is directed to the paddle body 120 via one or more lead tails 138, each of which carries one or more conductors 139 (shown schematically in
Similar to the lead 111 of
As described above, the distal portion 138c corresponds to the distal portion of the lead tail 138. Accordingly, the lead tail lumen 115a extends through the distal portion 138c to the end of the distal portion 138c. Alternatively, the lead tail 138 and the paddle body 120 can be considered together, with the paddle body 120 forming the distal portion of the overall lead 180. Accordingly, the lead tail lumen 115a extends to but not through the distal portion. To provide greater control over the paddle lead 180, the lead lumen can extend to and through the distal portion (e.g., paddle body 120) to the end of the paddle body 120, as indicated by reference numeral 115b. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the lead lumen extends to the distal portion of the lead, or into the distal portion of the lead, or entirely through the distal portion of the lead to the end of the distal portion (but not so far as to puncture through the distal end of the lead).
With any of the foregoing leads and associated systems, it is important for the practitioner to accurately position the lead in order to provide effective therapy. With varying patient anatomies and tight spaces in which to navigate, practitioners often must position and re-position the lead during implantation in order to accurately place the lead at a target treatment site. Compared to shorter leads, leads having longer lengths are more difficult for practitioners to steer during positioning, which can increase the duration of an implantation procedure or reduce accuracy of lead placement. For example, the greater length of the lead adds uncertainty about the correlation between a given movement or action by the practitioner at the proximal end of the lead, and the resulting movement or action of the lead at the distal end. This applies to linear motions (lateral and/or axial) and rotational motions. More specifically, the stylet may have a curved tip. By rotating the stylet, the practitioner can change the direction in which the curved tip points, and therefore, the direction in which the lead travels. For long leads, the practitioner's rotation of the stylet at the proximal end may not correspond to a similar rotation at the distal end because the stylet is at least somewhat torsionally flexible—and over greater lead lengths, the torsional flexibility produces a greater disparity between the amount of stylet rotation at the proximal end and the corresponding rotation of the distal end of the stylet. In still another example, the stylet may buckle when an axial force is applied to it over a great distance. Accordingly, the process of placing the lead can be difficult. As a result, there exists a need for a lead which provides for precise navigation regardless of the lead length. As discussed herein, embodiments of the present technology include leads having various lead lengths L yet can be steered by a practitioner as though each of the leads have generally similar lead lengths L, e.g., because the different leads have steerable lengths SL that are similar or the same. Accordingly, a practitioner who becomes proficient at steering a lead with a given total length and steerable length can apply that proficiency to a lead having a different total length, but the same steerable length.
Several of the embodiments described above were described in the context of sidewall openings that facilitate improved handling of the distal end of the lead. In addition to, or in lieu of, improving handling of the distal portion, sidewall openings can improve the practitioner's ability to handle the proximal portion of the lead. Representative embodiments of such sidewall openings are described further below with reference to
One feature of the foregoing arrangement described above with reference to
The proximal end 111j of the lead 111 can have a variety of different configurations. For example, referring first to
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that some embodiments of the presently disclosed technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but various modifications may be made without deviating from the disclosed technology. For example, the leads and lead lumens can have lengths and/or shapes that differ from those specifically described above. In addition, the leads can include one or more openings positioned at a number of different locations in the distal portion and/or the intermediate portion of the leads. For leads having stylet access to both the distal and proximal ends of the lead, that access can be provided via a single lumen that extends from the proximal end to the distal end, or two lumens, one extending from the intermediate portion of the proximal end, and one extending from the intermediate portion to the distal end.
Certain aspects of the technology described in the context of some embodiments may be combined or eliminated in some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the lead and stylet can comprise a device, a system, or portions thereof. Furthermore, leads can be coupled to the stylets prior to inserting the lead into the delivery device (e.g., catheter) and can be provided to a practitioner as a set including the lead and the stylet. Additionally, the stylets disclosed herein can be used with leads having shapes or designs other than those specifically described above.
While advantages associated with some embodiments of the disclosed technology have been described in the context of those embodiments, not all embodiments need necessarily exhibit such advantages to fall within the scope of the present technology. To the extent that any of the foregoing patents, published applications, and/or other materials incorporated herein by reference conflict with the present disclosure, the present disclosure controls.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present technology and are not to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present technology. To the extent that certain embodiments or features thereof are mentioned, it is merely for purposes of illustration and, unless otherwise specified, is not intended to limit the present technology. One skilled in the art may develop equivalent means without the exercise of inventive capacity and without departing from the scope of the present technology. It will be understood that many variations can be made in the procedures herein described while still remaining within the bounds of the present technology. Such variations are intended to be included within the scope of the presently disclosed technology. As such, embodiments of the presently disclosed technology are described in the following representative examples.
1. A patient therapy device, comprising:
2. The patient therapy device of clause 1, wherein the distal region and the distal portion together comprise a distal zone of the device.
3. The patient therapy device of clause 2, wherein the distal zone of the device is generally straight.
4. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the distal portion of the lead is generally straight in a deployed configuration.
5. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the lead has a lead length measured from the proximal end of the lead to the distal end of the lead.
6. The patient therapy device of clause 5, wherein the lead length is selected from the group consisting of about 50 centimeters (cm), about 55 cm, about 60 cm, about 65 cm, about 70 cm, about 75 cm, about 80 cm, about 85 cm, about 90 cm, about 95 cm, and about 100 cm.
7. The patient therapy device of clause 6, wherein the lead has a steerable length extending from the opening to the distal end of the lead.
8. The patient therapy device of clause 7, wherein the steerable length is selected from the group consisting of about 10 cm, about 15 cm, about 20 cm, about 25 cm, about 30 cm, about 35 cm, about 40 cm, about 45 cm, and about 50 cm.
9. The patient therapy device of clause 8, wherein the lead has a lead length selected from the group consisting of about 50 cm, about 60 cm, and about 70 cm, and the lead has a steerable length of about 30 cm.
10. The patient therapy device of clause 1, wherein the lead has a steerable length extending from the opening to the proximal end of the lead.
11. The patient therapy device of clause 10, wherein the steerable length from about 1 cm to about 10 cm.
12. The patient therapy device of clause 11, wherein the steerable length is about 2.5 cm.
13. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the lead is a first lead having a first lead length and a first steerable length extending from the opening of the first lead to the distal end of the first lead and wherein the therapy device further comprises a second lead having a second lead length different than the first lead length, and a second steerable lead length at least approximately the same as the first steerable lead length.
14. The patient therapy device of clause 13, further comprising a third lead having a third lead length different than the first and second lead lengths, and a third steerable lead length at least approximately the same as the first steerable lead length.
15. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the lumen extends longitudinally along a longitudinal axis of the lead between the opening and the at least one of the distal end or the proximal end, and is positioned centrally in the lead, when viewed in a cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis of the lead.
16. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the lumen extends longitudinally along a longitudinal axis of the lead between the opening and the at least one of the distal end or the proximal end, and is positioned off-center in the lead, when viewed in a cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis of the lead.
17. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the intermediate portion of the lead and the at least one of the distal portion or the proximal portion of the lead have a generally circular cross-sectional shape.
18. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the intermediate portion of the lead and the at least one of the distal portion or the proximal portion of the lead have an elliptical cross-sectional shape.
19. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the distal portion and the intermediate portion together have a first stiffness and the proximal portion has a second stiffness greater than the first stiffness.
20. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, further comprising a lead anchor coupleable to the lead.
21. The patient therapy device of clause 20, wherein the lead anchor further comprises:
22. The patient therapy device of clause 21, wherein the lead anchor further comprises at least one anchor tab positioned to facilitate attaching the lead anchor to a patient.
23. The patient therapy device of clause 21, wherein the anchor is positioned to engage the intermediate portion of the lead comprising the opening.
24. The patient therapy device of clause 20, wherein the anchor has a stiffness greater than a stiffness of the proximal portion of the lead.
25. The patient therapy device of any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the opening is a first opening and wherein the lead has a second opening disposed in the sidewall of the intermediate portion, the first opening being positioned between the second opening and the distal portion.
26. A spinal cord modulation lead for positioning within a patient and delivering electrical modulation signals to the patient at a treatment site, the lead comprising:
27. The lead of clause 26, wherein the opening is sized and shaped to receive a stylet removably insertable into the lumen through the opening.
28. The lead of clause 27, further comprising a membrane penetrable by the stylet and positioned over or within the opening.
29. The lead of clause 28, wherein the membrane includes a plug or a valve.
30. The lead of clause 29, wherein the valve includes a one-way valve.
31. The lead of clause 30, wherein the one-way valve includes a septum valve.
32. The lead of clause 26, wherein the distal portion is generally straight when positioned at the treatment site.
33. The lead of any of clauses 26-32, wherein the lead has a lead length extending between a proximal end of the lead and the distal end.
34. The lead of clause 33, wherein the lead length is selected from the group consisting of about 50 centimeters (cm), about 55 cm, about 60 cm, about 65 cm, about 70 cm, about 75 cm, about 80 cm, about 85 cm, about 90 cm, about 95 cm, and about 100 cm.
35. The lead of clause 26, wherein the lead has a steerable length extending between the opening and the distal end of the lead.
36. The lead of clause 35, wherein the steerable length is selected from the group consisting of about 10 cm, about 15 cm, about 20 cm, about 25 cm, about 30 cm, about 35 cm, about 40 cm, about 45 cm, and about 50 cm.
37. The lead of clause 26, wherein the lead has a lead length selected from the group consisting of about 50 cm, about 60 cm, and about 70 cm, and the lead has a steerable length of about 30 cm.
38. The lead of clause 26, wherein the distal portion and the intermediate portion together have a first stiffness and the proximal portion has a second stiffness greater than the first stiffness.
39. The lead of any of clauses 26-38, wherein the at least one contact is a first electrical contact and the opening is a first opening, and wherein the lead further comprises a second electrical contact at the proximal portion, and wherein the lead has a second opening in the sidewall, the second opening being between the first opening and a proximal end of the lead, with the lumen extending proximally from the second opening to the proximal end of the lead.
40. A method for treating a patient, comprising:
41. The method of clause 40, wherein positioning the lead further comprises steering a steerable portion of the lead, the steerable portion comprising the intermediate portion and the distal end of the lead.
42. The method of clause 41, wherein deploying the lead further comprises:
43. The method of clause 42, wherein positioning the lead further comprises moving the steerable portion of the lead relative to a proximal portion of the lead with the stylet.
44. The method of any of clauses 40-43, further comprising preventing the stylet from extending outwardly from a lead body by positioning a lead anchor around a portion of the sidewall carrying the opening.
45. The method of any of clauses 40-44, further comprising delivering electrical modulation signals to the spinal modulation site via the electrode carried by the lead.
46. The method of any of clauses 40-45, further comprising positioning the stylet in the steerable portion of the lead before deploying the lead from the catheter.
47. A method for treating a patient, comprising:
48. The method of clause 47, wherein withdrawing the stylet includes moving the stylet proximally away from a distal end of the lead through a lead lumen while the lead remains at a modulation site.
49. The method of clause 47, wherein withdrawing the stylet includes moving the stylet distally away from a proximal end of the lead through a lead lumen after inserting the proximal end and the stylet into a pulse generator to electrically connect the lead to the pulse generator.
50. The method of clause 47, further comprising:
51. The method of clause 47, further comprising;
52. The method of any of clauses 47-51, wherein the lead is an implantable lead.
53. The method of clause 52, wherein the implantable lead is a spinal cord stimulation lead, a deep brain stimulation lead, a peripheral nerve stimulation lead, or a sacral stimulation lead.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/650,111, filed on Mar. 29, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3195540 | Waller et al. | Jul 1965 | A |
3724467 | Avery et al. | Apr 1973 | A |
3774618 | Avery | Nov 1973 | A |
3796221 | Hagfors | Mar 1974 | A |
4096866 | Fischell | Jun 1978 | A |
4136703 | Wittkampf | Jan 1979 | A |
4141365 | Fischell et al. | Feb 1979 | A |
4282886 | King | Aug 1981 | A |
4285347 | Hess | Aug 1981 | A |
4328813 | Ray | May 1982 | A |
4355224 | Mesick et al. | Oct 1982 | A |
4374527 | Iversen | Feb 1983 | A |
4379462 | Borkan et al. | Apr 1983 | A |
4383532 | Dickhudt | May 1983 | A |
4414986 | Dickhudt et al. | Nov 1983 | A |
4422917 | Hayfield | Dec 1983 | A |
4432377 | Dickhudt | Feb 1984 | A |
4462401 | Burgio | Jul 1984 | A |
4462402 | Burgio et al. | Jul 1984 | A |
4465079 | Dickhudt | Aug 1984 | A |
4466690 | Osypka | Aug 1984 | A |
4498482 | Williams | Feb 1985 | A |
4515168 | Chester et al. | May 1985 | A |
4538624 | Tarjan | Sep 1985 | A |
4573448 | Kambin | Mar 1986 | A |
4573481 | Bullara | Mar 1986 | A |
4579120 | MacGregor | Apr 1986 | A |
4603696 | Cross, Jr. et al. | Aug 1986 | A |
4658835 | Pohndorf | Apr 1987 | A |
4683895 | Pohndorf | Aug 1987 | A |
4721551 | Byers et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
4744370 | Harris | May 1988 | A |
4744371 | Harris | May 1988 | A |
4764132 | Stutz, Jr. | Aug 1988 | A |
4796642 | Harris | Jan 1989 | A |
4830776 | Thompson | May 1989 | A |
4898173 | Low et al. | Feb 1990 | A |
4919653 | Martinez et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
4920979 | Bullara | May 1990 | A |
4926878 | Snedeker | May 1990 | A |
4934367 | Daglow et al. | Jun 1990 | A |
4934383 | Glumac | Jun 1990 | A |
4940065 | Tanagho et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
4961434 | Stypulkowski | Oct 1990 | A |
4979511 | Terry, Jr. | Dec 1990 | A |
5000194 | van den Honert et al. | Mar 1991 | A |
5007902 | Witt | Apr 1991 | A |
5036862 | Pohndorf | Aug 1991 | A |
5042486 | Pfeiler et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
5046511 | Maurer et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
5070605 | Daglow | Dec 1991 | A |
5072458 | Suzuki | Dec 1991 | A |
5078140 | Kwoh | Jan 1992 | A |
5081990 | Deletis | Jan 1992 | A |
5121754 | Mullett | Jun 1992 | A |
5129404 | Spehr et al. | Jul 1992 | A |
5159926 | Ljungstroem | Nov 1992 | A |
5179962 | Dutcher et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
5190529 | McCrory et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
5205297 | Montecalvo et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
5211165 | Dumoulin et al. | May 1993 | A |
5257636 | White | Nov 1993 | A |
5265608 | Lee et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
5273053 | Pohndorf | Dec 1993 | A |
5306236 | Blumenfeld et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5314458 | Najafi et al. | May 1994 | A |
5325873 | Hirschi et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
5351394 | Weinberg | Oct 1994 | A |
5351687 | Kroll et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
5351697 | Cheney | Oct 1994 | A |
5354326 | Comben et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
5360441 | Otten | Nov 1994 | A |
5366489 | Burgio et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
5375596 | Twiss | Dec 1994 | A |
5392791 | Nyman et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
5425367 | Shapiro et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
5458629 | Baudino et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5458631 | Xavier | Oct 1995 | A |
5464446 | Dreessen et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
5480421 | Otten | Jan 1996 | A |
5496363 | Burgio et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
5527338 | Purdy | Jun 1996 | A |
5531778 | Maschino et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5562722 | Racz et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
5578074 | Mirigian | Nov 1996 | A |
5643330 | Holsheimer | Jul 1997 | A |
5669882 | Pyles | Sep 1997 | A |
5690117 | Gilbert | Nov 1997 | A |
5727553 | Saad | Mar 1998 | A |
5728148 | Bostrom et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
5730628 | Hawkins | Mar 1998 | A |
5755750 | Petruska et al. | May 1998 | A |
5759471 | Malewicz | Jun 1998 | A |
5760341 | Laske et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5766042 | Ries et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5769877 | Barreras, Sr. | Jun 1998 | A |
5843146 | Cross, Jr. | Dec 1998 | A |
5843148 | Gijsbers | Dec 1998 | A |
5846226 | Urmey | Dec 1998 | A |
5848126 | Fujita et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
5865843 | Baudino | Feb 1999 | A |
5871487 | Warner et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
5871531 | Struble | Feb 1999 | A |
5895416 | Barreras | Apr 1999 | A |
5902236 | Iversen | May 1999 | A |
5927277 | Baudino et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5935159 | Cross, Jr. et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
5957912 | Heitzmann | Sep 1999 | A |
5957965 | Moumane et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
5957968 | Belden et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
5983126 | Wittkampf | Nov 1999 | A |
6042432 | Hashizawa | Mar 2000 | A |
6052623 | Fenner et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6055456 | Gerber | Apr 2000 | A |
6066165 | Racz | May 2000 | A |
6078839 | Carson | Jun 2000 | A |
6104960 | Duysens | Aug 2000 | A |
6106460 | Panescu et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6125291 | Miesel et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6129742 | Wu et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6134459 | Roberts et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6134477 | Knuteson | Oct 2000 | A |
6144866 | Miesel et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6154678 | Lauro | Nov 2000 | A |
6161047 | King et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6163727 | Errico | Dec 2000 | A |
6175769 | Errico et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6178357 | Gliner et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6185463 | Baudino | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6192278 | Werner et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6192279 | Barreras, Sr. et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6198952 | Miesel | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6198963 | Haim et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6205356 | Holcomb | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6205359 | Boveja | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6205361 | Kuzma et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6210417 | Baudino | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6214016 | Williams et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6216045 | Black et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6248112 | Gambale et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6249965 | Bullara et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6251115 | Williams et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6263230 | Haynor et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6273877 | West et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6292702 | King et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6296631 | Chow | Oct 2001 | B2 |
6298265 | Burgio | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6300359 | Flisak et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6304785 | McCreery et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6308103 | Gielen | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6309401 | Redko et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6319241 | King et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6321104 | Gielen et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6321123 | Morris et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6364899 | Dobak, III | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6366815 | Haugland et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6371943 | Racz et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6374140 | Rise | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6393323 | Sawan et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6393327 | Scribner | May 2002 | B1 |
6397108 | Camps et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6415187 | Kuzma et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6429217 | Puskas | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6438418 | Swerdlow et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6442435 | King et al. | Aug 2002 | B2 |
6445955 | Michelson et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6449511 | Mintchev et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6451030 | Li et al. | Sep 2002 | B2 |
6456874 | Hafer et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6463328 | John | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6464682 | Snoke | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6473644 | Terry, Jr. et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6473653 | Schallhorn et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6473654 | Chinn | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6474341 | Hunter et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6477427 | Stolz et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6480820 | Clopton et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6482049 | Swearingen | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6484059 | Gielen et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
6493590 | Wessman et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6493592 | Leonard et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6512949 | Combs et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6516226 | Bishay et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6516807 | Panescu et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6522927 | Bishay et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6522929 | Swing | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6522932 | Kuzma et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6529774 | Greene | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6540568 | Miyazaki | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6542774 | Hill et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6542780 | Leonard | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6546293 | Errico et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6549797 | Leonard et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6549810 | Leonard et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6549812 | Smits | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6553264 | Redko et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6554809 | Aves | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6556868 | Naritoku et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6556869 | Leonard et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6556873 | Smits | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6560491 | Leonard et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6587719 | Barrett et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6587733 | Cross, Jr. et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6600956 | Maschino et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6605094 | Mann et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6609029 | Mann et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6622038 | Barrett et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6622051 | Bishay et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6704605 | Soltis et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6714822 | King et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6718209 | Williamson et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6718211 | Smits | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6721604 | Robinson et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6725096 | Chinn et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6733500 | Kelley et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
6735471 | Hill et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
6741892 | Meadows et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
6741893 | Smits | May 2004 | B2 |
6745079 | King | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6754539 | Erickson et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6758854 | Butler et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
6805676 | Klint | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6836687 | Kelley et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
6842647 | Griffith et al. | Jan 2005 | B1 |
6847845 | Belden | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6871098 | Nuttin et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6875571 | Crabtree et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6895276 | Kast et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6895283 | Erickson et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6901289 | Dahl et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6902547 | Aves et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6907293 | Grill et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6907295 | Gross et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6907299 | Han | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6909918 | Stypulkowski | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6929656 | Lennox | Aug 2005 | B1 |
6934589 | Sundquist et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6944501 | Pless | Sep 2005 | B1 |
6961621 | Krishnan et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6970747 | Kokones et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6971393 | Marno | Dec 2005 | B1 |
6980863 | van Venrooij et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6981314 | Black et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6993384 | Bradley et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6993390 | Zappala | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6999819 | Swoyer et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
6999820 | Jordan | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7010856 | Suda et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7020531 | Colliou et al. | Mar 2006 | B1 |
7022109 | Ditto | Apr 2006 | B1 |
7047078 | Boggs, II et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7047082 | Schrom et al. | May 2006 | B1 |
7047084 | Erickson et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7051419 | Schrom et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7069078 | Houben | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7069083 | Finch et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7072719 | Vinup et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7090661 | Morris et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7107097 | Stern et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7107104 | Keravel et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7110827 | Sage et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7127298 | He et al. | Oct 2006 | B1 |
7130691 | Falci | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7130696 | Carter et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7133722 | Hansen et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7136695 | Pless et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7142919 | Hine et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7145229 | Maghribi et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7146222 | Boling | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7146224 | King | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7149585 | Wessman et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7153279 | Ayad | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7153307 | Scribner | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7162304 | Bradley | Jan 2007 | B1 |
7164944 | Kroll et al. | Jan 2007 | B1 |
7164951 | Ries et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7174213 | Pless | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7174219 | Wahlstrand et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7181288 | Rezai et al. | Feb 2007 | B1 |
7182726 | Williams et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7182783 | Trieu | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7184838 | Cross, Jr. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7184840 | Stolz et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7184841 | Bodner et al. | Feb 2007 | B1 |
7184842 | Seifert et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7186601 | Fukunaga et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7187981 | Tanaka | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7187982 | Seifert et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7191018 | Gielen et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7200443 | Faul | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7200446 | Borkan | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7206642 | Pardo et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7209787 | DiLorenzo | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7211103 | Greenberg et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7212867 | Van Venrooij et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7225016 | Koh | May 2007 | B1 |
7236834 | Christopherson et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7244150 | Brase et al. | Jul 2007 | B1 |
7270650 | Morris et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7282033 | Urmey | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7299095 | Barlow et al. | Nov 2007 | B1 |
7340306 | Barrett et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7363076 | Yun et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7363089 | Vinup et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7379776 | Chitre et al. | May 2008 | B1 |
7383090 | O'Brien et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7386341 | Hafer et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7386350 | Vilims | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7393351 | Woloszko et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7421297 | Giftakis et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7425142 | Putz | Sep 2008 | B1 |
7450992 | Cameron | Nov 2008 | B1 |
7455666 | Purdy | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7460913 | Kuzma et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7463917 | Martinez | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7486991 | Libbus et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7493159 | Hrdlicka et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7496404 | Meadows et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7499755 | Cross, Jr. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7500985 | Saadat | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7502652 | Gaunt et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7546164 | King | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7580753 | Kim et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7584004 | Caparso et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7590454 | Garabedian et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7604644 | Schulte et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7613516 | Cohen et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7613524 | Jordan | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7616988 | Stahmann et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7617003 | Caparso et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7617006 | Metzler et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7623919 | Goetz et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7627380 | Podhajsky et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7640064 | Swoyer | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7672734 | Anderson et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7684873 | Gerber | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7689284 | Imran et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7702379 | Avinash et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7769441 | Foreman et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7769442 | Shafer | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7769472 | Gerber | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7781806 | VanBuskirk et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7797057 | Harris | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7805188 | Brushey | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7810233 | Krulevitch et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7810996 | Giphart et al. | Oct 2010 | B1 |
7829694 | Kaemmerer | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7831307 | Moffitt | Nov 2010 | B1 |
7844343 | Wahlstrand et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7853321 | Jaax et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7853330 | Bradley et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7860568 | Deininger et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7881806 | Horrigan et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7904149 | Gerber | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7922738 | Eichmann et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7996055 | Hauck et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8000805 | Swoyer et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8010207 | Smits et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8014873 | Jones et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8019439 | Kuzma et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8019443 | Schleicher et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8024035 | Dobak, III | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8036756 | Swoyer et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8060207 | Wallace et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8078280 | Sage | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8123807 | Kim | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8131357 | Bradley | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8140172 | Jones et al. | Mar 2012 | B1 |
8197494 | Jaggi et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8200343 | Gerber et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8204569 | Gerber et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8224459 | Pianca et al. | Jul 2012 | B1 |
8229573 | Chen et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8249720 | Verzal et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8255057 | Fang et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8301268 | Jones et al. | Oct 2012 | B1 |
8303502 | Washburn et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8355791 | Moffitt | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8355797 | Caparso et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8412349 | Barker | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8467883 | Chen | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8483845 | Sage | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8494652 | Cantlon et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8548601 | Chinn et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8634934 | Kokones | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8644954 | Jaax et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
8676331 | Parker | Mar 2014 | B2 |
8731671 | Rodby et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
8761902 | Kulle | Jul 2014 | B2 |
8805519 | Parker et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
9026226 | Gerber et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
9089672 | Hendriksen et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
9138574 | Kern et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
9265935 | Thacker | Feb 2016 | B2 |
9358388 | Parker et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
9409010 | Farhat et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9504839 | Leven | Nov 2016 | B2 |
9510818 | Lee | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9517332 | Olson et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9517334 | Barner et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9687649 | Thacker et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
9889293 | Siegel et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
9987482 | Nageri et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
10016604 | Biele et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
10092744 | Sommer et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
10105536 | Orts et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
20010000800 | Partridge et al. | May 2001 | A1 |
20010014820 | Gielen et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
20010016765 | Gielen et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
20010023368 | Black et al. | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20010025192 | Gerber et al. | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20010027336 | Gielen et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
20010031989 | Swing | Oct 2001 | A1 |
20010053885 | Gielen et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
20020022872 | Gielen et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020022873 | Erickson et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020052640 | Bigus et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
20020072787 | Partridge et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020107553 | Hill et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020111661 | Cross et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020128700 | Crass | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020156513 | Borkan | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020161417 | Scribner | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020173718 | Frisch et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020177887 | Krebs | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020198568 | Hafer et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030018365 | Loeb | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030018367 | DiLorenzo | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030032997 | Pianca et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030055476 | Vinup et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030062048 | Gradon et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030083697 | Baudino et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030083724 | Jog et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030088245 | Woloszko et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030097165 | Krulevitch et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030097166 | Krulevitch et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030114752 | Henderson et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030114895 | Gordon et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030120150 | Govari | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030136418 | Behm | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030187483 | Grey et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030199948 | Kokones et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030199949 | Pardo | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030199951 | Pardo et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030199952 | Stolz et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030199953 | Stolz et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030199962 | Struble et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030204206 | Padua et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030208247 | Spinelli et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20030216792 | Levin et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20030220677 | Doan et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20030229387 | Cross et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030233134 | Greenberg et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040015133 | Karim | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040015188 | Coulter | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040015205 | Whitehurst et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040015206 | Bishay et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040024428 | Barrett et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040024439 | Riso | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040024440 | Cole | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040087877 | Besz et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040088009 | Degroot | May 2004 | A1 |
20040088021 | Cameron et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040088033 | Smits et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040088034 | Smits et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040093053 | Gerber et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040097803 | Panescu | May 2004 | A1 |
20040111139 | McCreery | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040122475 | Myrick et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040127942 | Yomtov et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040138536 | Frei et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040152958 | Frei et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040162601 | Smits | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040172085 | Knudson et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040172100 | Humayun et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040176683 | Whitin et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040186528 | Ries et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040186543 | King et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040186544 | King | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040210290 | Omar-Pasha | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040210291 | Erickson et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040215301 | Lokhoff et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040215305 | Sage | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040215307 | Michels et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040236387 | Fang et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040243206 | Tadlock | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040260356 | Kara et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050004417 | Nelson et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050004638 | Cross | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050004639 | Erickson | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050010260 | Gerber | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050015128 | Rezai et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050020970 | Gerber | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050021069 | Feuer et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050021119 | Sage | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050027325 | Lahti et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050027338 | Hill | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050027339 | Schrom et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050027340 | Schrom et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050027341 | Schrom et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050033371 | Sommer et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050049486 | Urquhart et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050049648 | Cohen et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050049650 | Nuttin et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050049663 | Harris et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050049664 | Harris et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050065588 | Zhao et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050070969 | Gerber | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050070974 | Knudson et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050070982 | Heruth et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050070987 | Erickson | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050075684 | Phillips et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050075702 | Shafer | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050075707 | Meadows et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050085870 | Goroszeniuk | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050090885 | Harris et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050096718 | Gerber et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050107753 | Rezai et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050107859 | Daglow et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050107861 | Harris et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050113878 | Gerber | May 2005 | A1 |
20050119713 | Whitehurst et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050131486 | Boveja et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050131506 | Rezai et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050137648 | Cosendai et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050137667 | Omar-Pasha et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050137668 | Khan | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050138791 | Black et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050138792 | Black et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050165458 | Boveja et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050165465 | Pianca et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050171587 | Daglow et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050182420 | Schulte et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050182421 | Schulte et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050182422 | Schulte et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050182424 | Schulte et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050182425 | Schulte et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050187600 | Hunter et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050203599 | Garabedian et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050209665 | Hunter et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050209667 | Erickson et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050216070 | Boveja et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050222635 | Krakovsky | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050222642 | Przybyszewski et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050222657 | Wahlstrand et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050222658 | Hoegh et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050222659 | Olsen et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050228221 | Hirakawa | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050240229 | Whitehurst et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050246003 | Black et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050246004 | Cameron et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050283216 | Pyles | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050288566 | Levendusky et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060004429 | Mrva et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060025832 | O'Keeffe et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060041277 | Deem et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060052765 | Pyles et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060085070 | Kim | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060089691 | Kaplan et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060089692 | Cross et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060089695 | Bolea et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060089696 | Olsen et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060089697 | Cross et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060106440 | Chandran et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060111768 | Wessman et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060122654 | Bradley et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060127158 | Olson et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060161236 | King | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060167525 | King | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060168805 | Hegland et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060173262 | Hegland et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060200218 | Wahlstrand | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060241725 | Libbus et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060247569 | Bertrand et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060247747 | Olsen et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060247748 | Wahlstrand et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060247749 | Colvin | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060253182 | King | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060259095 | Wyler et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060259110 | Wallace et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060264122 | Aman et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060265024 | Goetz et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060265037 | Kuzma | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060271137 | Stanton-Hicks | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20070032836 | Thrope et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070038052 | Swoyer et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070043403 | Blamey et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070048289 | Grandjean | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070050004 | Swoyer et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070050005 | Lauro | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070055332 | Swoyer | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070088414 | Campbell et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070100386 | Tronnes et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070100391 | Armstrong | May 2007 | A1 |
20070100408 | Gerber | May 2007 | A1 |
20070106144 | Squeri | May 2007 | A1 |
20070106289 | O'Sullivan | May 2007 | A1 |
20070112404 | Mann et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070118198 | Prager | May 2007 | A1 |
20070135881 | Vilims | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070149048 | O'Brien et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070150026 | Bourget et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070150036 | Anderson | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070191709 | Swanson | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070191903 | Bruinstroop | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070191904 | Libbus et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070191909 | Ameri et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070203540 | Goetz et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070208394 | King et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070213795 | Bradley et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070249901 | Ohline et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070255295 | Starkbaum et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070255364 | Gerber et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070255365 | Gerber et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070255366 | Gerber et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070255367 | Gerber et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070255370 | Bonde et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070255371 | Bonde et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070260290 | Hara et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070261115 | Gerber et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20080039738 | Dinsmoor et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080058875 | Greenberg et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080097475 | Jaggi et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080103569 | Gerber | May 2008 | A1 |
20080103572 | Gerber | May 2008 | A1 |
20080103573 | Gerber | May 2008 | A1 |
20080103576 | Gerber | May 2008 | A1 |
20080103578 | Gerber | May 2008 | A1 |
20080103579 | Gerber | May 2008 | A1 |
20080114433 | Sage | May 2008 | A1 |
20080125833 | Bradley et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
20080132926 | Eichmann et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080140087 | Barbagli | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080140152 | Imran et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080177339 | Bolea et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080183221 | Burdulis | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080234791 | Arle et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080262430 | Anderson et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080275467 | Liao et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080300651 | Gerber et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20080319311 | Hamadeh | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20090048638 | Rey et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090069803 | Starkebaum | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090125060 | Rivard et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
20090132017 | Erickson et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
20090198306 | Goetz et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090204173 | Fang et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090204192 | Carlton et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090210029 | Tsui | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090216306 | Barker | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090248118 | Bradley | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090259280 | Wilkin et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090270940 | Deininger et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090299444 | Boling | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090319013 | Boling et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100069736 | Finneran et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100094115 | Pond, Jr. et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100094116 | Silverstein | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100114283 | King | May 2010 | A1 |
20100137938 | Kishawi | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100137944 | Zhu | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100137955 | Milijasevic et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100152538 | Gleason et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100204569 | Burnside et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100211135 | Caparso et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100256696 | Schleicher et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100267265 | Dilmaghanian | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100274312 | Alataris et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100274314 | Alataris et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100274315 | Alataris et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100274316 | Alataris et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100274336 | Nguyen-Stella et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100280570 | Sturm et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100286551 | Harlev et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100292769 | Brounstein et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100298905 | Simon | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100305631 | Bradley et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100318165 | Harris | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100324414 | Harlev et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100324570 | Rooney et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110004281 | Jones | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110009927 | Parker et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110031961 | Durand et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110046617 | Thompson et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110071593 | Parker | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110106052 | Chiang et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110106100 | Bischoff | May 2011 | A1 |
20110160568 | Seeley et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110166582 | Syed et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110178573 | Nguyen-Stella et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110202097 | Bonde et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110224682 | Westlund et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110230943 | Johnson et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110245903 | Schulte et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20120083709 | Parker et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120083856 | Thacker | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120173946 | Terry et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120209285 | Barker et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120232626 | Daglow | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20130041445 | Erickson et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130066331 | Chitre et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130066411 | Thacker et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130096642 | Wingeier | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130116754 | Sharma et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130138191 | Jones | May 2013 | A1 |
20130245739 | Arber | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130261697 | Parker | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130268037 | Schulte et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130296957 | Tronnes | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20140031837 | Perryman et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140081362 | Wicklund | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140155973 | Grigsby et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140180305 | Pianca | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140200627 | Parker et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
20140303685 | Rosenberg et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
20140343564 | Feler et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20140343656 | Wechter | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20150005859 | Thacker et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150012077 | Parker et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150141787 | Bonde | May 2015 | A1 |
20150151114 | Black et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
20150290461 | Mln | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20160059006 | Doan et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
20160302827 | Chitre et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
20160346553 | Black | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20160354609 | Parker et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20160360993 | Thacker et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20170151428 | Schleicher et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
20170151432 | Christopherson et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
20170189676 | Bentley et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
20170252032 | Hiorth et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
20170281949 | Thacker | Oct 2017 | A1 |
20180099147 | Kane et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
20180296827 | Pianca et al. | Oct 2018 | A1 |
20180311494 | Wang et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
20190001122 | Ganty et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
20190105503 | Leven | Apr 2019 | A1 |
20190308010 | Sunkeri et al. | Oct 2019 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
101920065 | Dec 2010 | CN |
0158316 | Oct 1985 | EP |
2086630 | Nov 2010 | EP |
1477203 | Sep 2015 | EP |
1334745 | May 2017 | EP |
2539016 | Nov 2017 | EP |
2731671 | Apr 2019 | EP |
WO-9003824 | Apr 1990 | WO |
WO-2006045091 | Apr 2006 | WO |
WO-2006055388 | May 2006 | WO |
WO-2008094952 | Aug 2008 | WO |
WO-2009097224 | Aug 2009 | WO |
WO-2009129329 | Oct 2009 | WO |
WO-2011014570 | Feb 2011 | WO |
WO-2014209814 | Dec 2014 | WO |
Entry |
---|
US 6,184,239 B1, 02/2001, Puskas (withdrawn) |
Intrel® Model 7490 / 7491 Extensions for Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), Medtronic Neuro, Minneapolis, MN 1984, 9 pages. |
Kulkarni et al., “A two-layered forward model of tissue for electrical; impedance tomography,” Physiol Meas., 30(6); pp. 1-24, Jun. 2009. |
Kumar et al., “Spinal Cord Stimulation in Treatment of Chronic Benign Pain: Challenges in Treatment Planning and Present Status, a 22-Year Experience,” Neurosurgery, vol. 58, No. 3, Mar. 2006, 16 pages. |
Medtronic, “Physician and Hospital Staff Manual,” InterStrim System, Neurological Division. 93 pages, undated. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Patent Application No. PCT/US2019/024573, Applicant: Nevro Corp., dated Aug. 8, 2019, 10 pages. |
Extended European Search Report and Written Opinion for European Patent Application No. 19778392.1, Applicant: Nevro Corp., dated Nov. 5, 2021, 6 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20190308010 A1 | Oct 2019 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62650111 | Mar 2018 | US |