Patent Application
20210131906
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-198276, filed Oct. 31, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a leak detection apparatus to detect leakage in an evaporative-emission pipe allowing purge gas to flow into an intake passage.
International Publication No. WO2018/002054A1 describes a system for detecting leakage in a fuel tank based on an increase rate of pressure in the fuel tank when liquid fuel in the fuel tank is heated by a heater and based on an amount of energy to be introduced into the heater.
However, the liquid fuel in the fuel tank is hard to be evaporated by the system described in WO2018/002054A1 since evaporation is performed by heating with a heater. Heating and evaporating the liquid fuel leads to large consumption amount of energy which is consumed by the heater for heating and evaporating the fuel.
The present disclosure has been made to solve the above problem and has a purpose of providing a leak detection apparatus to perform leakage detection with suppressing energy consumption.
One aspect of the present disclosure to solve the above problem is a leak detection apparatus to perform leakage detection of detecting occurrence and non-occurrence of purge gas leakage in an evaporative-emission pipe which allows the purge gas including evaporated fuel generated in a fuel tank to flow into an intake passage connected to an internal combustion engine, wherein the leak detection apparatus comprises: a sealing section to air-tightly seal the evaporative-emission pipe; an atomizing section to atomize the fuel in the fuel tank; an evaporating section to evaporate the fuel that has been atomized in the atomizing section; a pressure measurement section to measure the pressure in the evaporative-emission pipe; and a leak detection section to perform the leak detection such that the evaporating section evaporates the atomized fuel that has been atomized by the atomizing section and the leak detection is performed based on a pressure of the evaporated fuel in the evaporative-emission pipe, the pressure being measured by the pressure measurement section in a state in which the evaporative-emission pipe is air-tightly sealed by the sealing section.
The above configuration can achieve the leak detection while reducing the consumption amount of energy consumed by the evaporating section by promoting atomization of the fuel in the fuel tank by the atomizing section. Accordingly, the leak detection can be performed with suppressing the energy consumption.
According to the leak detection apparatus of the present disclosure, the leakage detection can be performed with suppressing the energy consumption.
A leak detection apparatus of the present disclosure is explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Firstly, before explaining a leak detection apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, an overview of an evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 which is an object to be detected by the leak detection apparatus 1 and an internal combustion engine system 100 including this evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 is explained.
The internal combustion engine system 100 is used for a vehicle such as an automobile.
As shown in
Further, on an upstream side (an upstream side in an intake-air-flowing direction) of the electronic throttle TH in the intake passage IP, there is provided an air cleaner AC to remove foreign matters from the air which is going to flow into the intake passage IP. Thus, air passes through the air cleaner AC and is taken into the engine EN in the intake passage IP.
Further, there is provided a supercharger TC between the air cleaner AC and the electronic throttle TH in the intake passage IP.
The internal combustion engine system 100 includes the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5. The evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 is an apparatus for introducing purge gas including evaporated fuel generated in a fuel tank FT, which stores fuel to be supplied to the engine EN, through the intake passage IP and for processing the thus introduced purge gas.
The internal combustion engine system 100 further includes a controller 10. The controller 10 is a part of an ECU (not shown) mounted on a vehicle. Alternatively, the controller 10 may be provided separately from the ECU. The controller 10 includes a CPU and memories such as ROM and RAM and controls the internal combustion engine system 100 according to programs stored in advance in the memories. This controller 10 also functions as a controlling section of the leak detection apparatus 1 and the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 to control these apparatuses.
An overview of the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 is explained.
The evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 of the present embodiment is an apparatus for introducing evaporated fuel in the fuel tank FT into the engine EN via the intake passage IP. This evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 includes, as shown in
The canister 11 is connected to the fuel tank FT via the vapor passage 16 to temporarily store the evaporated fuel that is to be made flow into the canister 11 from an inside of the fuel tank FT through the vapor passage 16. The canister 11 is communicated with the purge passage 12 and the atmosphere passage 15.
The purge passage 12 is connected to the intake passage IP and the canister 11. Thus, the purge gas (i.e., gas including the evaporated fuel) having flown out of the canister 11 flows through the purge passage 12 to be introduced into the intake passage IP. To be specific, the purge passage 12 is a passage allowing the purge gas to flow from the canister 11 to the engine EN through the intake passage IP.
The purge pump 13 is provided in the purge passage 12 to feed the purge gas inside the canister 11 to the purge passage 12 and then further feed the purge gas having been fed into the purge passage 12 to the intake passage IP.
The purge valve 14 is provided in the purge passage 12 at a position downstream (namely, on a side of the intake passage IP) of the purge pump 13 in a flow direction of the purge gas. The purge valve 14 opens and closes the purge passage 12. During valve-closing of the purge valve 14, flow of the purge gas in the purge passage 12 is shut off by the purge valve 14 so that the purge gas does not flow into the intake passage IP. On the other hand, during valve-opening of the purge valve 14, the purge gas flows into the intake passage IP. In the present embodiment, the purge valve 14 is a valve for air-tightly closing or sealing an evaporative-emission pipe that will be described later, and corresponds to one example of a “sealing section” of the present disclosure.
The atmosphere passage 15 has one end opening in the atmosphere and the other end connected to the canister 11 so that the canister 11 is communicated with the atmosphere. To this atmosphere passage 15, the air taken from the atmosphere flows in. Specifically, the atmosphere passage 15 is a passage for taking the atmosphere into the canister 11.
The vapor passage 16 is connected to the fuel tank FT and the canister 11. Thus, the evaporated fuel in the fuel tank FT flows into the canister 11 through the vapor passage 16.
The atmosphere open/close valve 17 is a valve for opening and closing the atmosphere passage 15 to communicate the canister 11 with the atmosphere and shut off the canister 11 from the atmosphere. In the present embodiment, the atmosphere open/close valve 17 is a valve for air-tightly sealing the evaporative-emission pipe explained below and corresponds to one example of the “sealing section” of the present disclosure.
Herein, the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 may not be the one of the unsealed-tank-system specification as shown in
In the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 with this configuration, when a purge condition is satisfied during operation of the engine EN, the controller 10 drives the purge pump 13 and the purge valve 14 to carry out purge control of introducing the purge gas from the canister 11 to the engine EN through the purge passage 12 and the intake passage IP.
During execution of the purge control, the engine EN is supplied with the air taken into the intake passage IP, the fuel injected through an injector (not shown) from the fuel tank FT, and the purge gas introduced into the intake passage IP by the purge control. At this time, the controller 10 controls injection time of the injector, valve-opening time of the purge valve 14, and a rotation speed of the purge pump 13 so that an A/F ratio of the engine EN is regulated to an optimum air-fuel ratio (for example, an ideal air-fuel ratio).
Next, an overview of the leak detection apparatus 1 is explained.
The leak detection apparatus 1 of the present embodiment performs leak detection of detecting occurrence or non-occurrence of purge gas leakage in the evaporative-emission pipe.
The “evaporative-emission pipe” represents a part making flow the purge gas including the evaporated fuel generated in the fuel tank FT to the intake passage IP which is connected to the engine EN. To be more specific, the evaporative-emission pipe is constituted of the fuel tank FT, the vapor passage 16, the canister 11, a part of the purge passage 12, and a part of the atmosphere passage 15.
Herein, a part of the purge passage 12 is, for example, a part between the canister 11 and the purge valve 14 in the purge passage 12. Further, a part of the atmosphere passage 15 is, for example, a part between the canister 11 and the atmosphere open/close valve 17 in the atmosphere passage 15.
As shown in
The atomizer 21A is provided on a return passage RA that is a passage branched off from a fuel supply passage FA to return the fuel to the fuel tank FT. This atomizer 21A is a device for atomizing liquid fuel in the fuel tank FT and corresponds to one example of an “atomizing section” of the present disclosure. The fuel supply pas sage FA is a passage for supplying the fuel to the engine EN from the fuel tank FT and is connected to a fuel pump FP in the fuel tank FT and the engine EN.
The heater 22 is provided in the fuel tank FT. This heater 22 is a device for heating and evaporating the fuel that has been atomized by the atomizer 21A and corresponds to one example of an “evaporating section” of the present disclosure.
The pressure sensor 23 is provided in the fuel tank FT. This pressure sensor 23 is a device for measuring a pressure (hereinafter, referred as “tank inside pressure”) inside the fuel tank FT that constitutes a part of the evaporative-emission pipe described below and corresponds to a “pressure measurement section” of the present disclosure.
The leak detection section 24 is provided as a part of the controller 10 as shown in
The liquefaction-related-information obtention section 25, the pressure-reduction-amount estimation section 26, the energy amount obtention section 27, and the pressure estimation section 28 are provided as a part of the controller 10 as shown in
Further, the leak detection apparatus 1 is not limited to a device of an atomizer specification (namely, including the atomizer 21A as a fog generator for atomizing the fuel) as shown in
For example, the leak detection apparatus 1 may be an apparatus of an ultrasonic-wave-generator specification (namely, including the ultrasonic wave generator 21B as the fog generator for atomizing the fuel) as shown in
Further, the leak detection apparatus 1 may be provided with a cell 29 formed as a chamber encircled by walls 29a partly having holes 29b in the fuel tank FT as shown in
In the leak detection apparatus 1 having the above-mentioned configuration, the leak detection section 24 uses the heater 22 to evaporate the fuel that has been atomized by the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B in a state in which the evaporative-emission pipe is air-tightly sealed by the purge valve 14 and the atmosphere open/close valve 17. The leak detection section 24 thus generates a pressure difference inside and outside the fuel tank FT to perform the leak detection based on changes in the pressure difference. To be specific, the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection based on the tank inside pressure measured by the pressure sensor 23. Herein, the tank inside pressure corresponds to one example of a “pressure in the evaporative-emission pipe” of the present disclosure.
As for the leak detection apparatus 1 with the above-mentioned configuration, a method of leak detection carried out by the apparatus 1 is now explained in detail.
Firstly, a first example is explained. In this example, when the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 to be detected by the leakage detection is of the unsealed-tank-system specification, the leak detection section 24 carries out the leak detection based on control contents of a flowchart indicated in
As shown in
Subsequently, the leak detection section 24 turns on the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B (in the figure, indicated as a “fog generator”) and the heater 22 (namely, drives the heater 22) (steps S2, S3).
As mentioned above, the present example takes notice of the feature that the atomized fuel is more easily evaporated than liquid fuel, and accordingly, the liquid fuel in the fuel tank FT is not directly evaporated by the heater 22 but once atomized by the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B and then evaporated by the heater 22. Thus, it is possible to reduce the energy amount required for evaporating the liquid fuel in the fuel tank FT (namely, electric power for driving the heater 22).
Subsequently, when an evaporation amount is larger than a liquefaction amount (step S4: YES) and the tank inside pressure reaches a predetermined value A or more (step S5: YES), the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection (processing of step S6 to step S10). Herein, the predetermined value A is 3 kPa, for example.
In step S4, the evaporation amount means a generation amount of the fuel evaporated by the heater 22 inside the fuel tank FT. Further, the liquefaction amount means an amount of liquefied fuel that has been evaporated in the fuel tank FT. To be more specific, the liquefaction amount represents a liquefied amount of the evaporated fuel existing in an atmosphere layer portion in the fuel tank FT and coming into contact with the liquid fuel in a liquid layer portion so that the evaporated fuel is cooled and liquefied. Thus, in the present example, the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection when the evaporation amount is larger than the liquefaction amount.
To be more specific, the liquefaction-related-information obtention section 25 (see
In explanation in
Subsequently, the leak detection section 24 determines whether a reduction rate of the tank inside pressure (in the figure, indicated as a “pressure reduction rate”) is larger than a predetermined value B (step S7). Herein, the “reduction rate of the tank inside pressure” represents a reduction amount per unit of time of the tank inside pressure that is measured by the pressure sensor 23. The predetermined value B is, for example, 0.5 kPa/min.
When the reduction rate of the tank inside pressure is larger than the predetermined value B (step S7: YES), the leak detection section 24 diagnoses occurrence of leakage in the evaporative-emission pipe (namely, leakage of the purge gas) and determines that the reduction rate of the tank inside pressure exceeds a reference value, and thus determination of occurrence of leakage is made (step S8).
Subsequently, the leak detection section 24 carries out lighting-up of MIL (step S9). Herein, the “lighting-up of MIL” means lighting-up of an alarm lamp (Malfunction Indication Lamp).
On the other hand, when the reduction rate of the tank inside pressure is less than or equal to the predetermined value B (step S7: NO), the leak detection section 24 determines that there is no leakage in the evaporative-emission pipe and that the reduction rate of the tank inside pressure is the predetermined value or less, and thus determination of no leakage is made (step S10).
Further, when the evaporation amount is less than or equal to the liquefaction amount in step S4 (step S4: NO), the leak detection section 24 halts the leak detection (step S11). Accordingly, it is possible to prevent execution of the leak detection under an unpreferable condition (the condition where the evaporated fuel is liquefied to cause excessive reduction in the pressure inside the tank fuel FT, for example).
By performing the above-mentioned leak detection, for example, one example of control operation indicated in a time chart of
As shown in
Subsequently, when the tank inside pressure reaches the predetermined value A or more at time T1, the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B and the heater 22 are turned off, and the leak detection is started. After that, when the reduction rate of the tank inside pressure is larger than the predetermined value B (see
Further, in the present example, when the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 which is an object to be detected by the leak detection is of the sealed-tank-system specification, the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection based on control contents of a flowchart shown in
As shown in
On the other hand, when the tank inside pressure is out of the atmospheric pressure or its surrounding range (step S101: NO), the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection at the tank inside pressure (step S105). In step S105, the leak detection is performed at the tank inside pressure by a generally known method.
As mentioned above, in the present example, the leak detection section 24 evaporates the fuel by use of the heater 22, the fuel having been atomized by the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B in a state in which the evaporative-emission pipe is air-tightly sealed by the purge valve 14 and the atmosphere open-close valve 17. After that, the leak detection section 24 carries out the leak detection based on the tank inside pressure that is measured by the pressure sensor 23.
As mentioned above, the present example takes notice of the feature that the atomized fuel is more easily evaporated than the liquid fuel, and according to this feature, the liquid fuel inside the fuel tank FT is atomized by the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B and then heated to be evaporated by the heater 22, and thus the leak detection is performed. Accordingly, the fuel inside the fuel tank FT can be promoted its evaporation by the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B, and the leak detection can be performed with reducing the energy amount consumed by the heater 22. Namely, it is possible to perform the leak detection with suppressing a consumption amount of energy.
When the liquid fuel is to be evaporated, the fuel needs to be heated entirely. To address this, the atomizer 21A and the ultrasonic wave generator 21B with high responsivity can atomize the fuel concurrently with their driving. Accordingly, in the present example, it is possible to promptly atomize only a required amount of fuel by the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B and to evaporate the fuel by the heater 22. As a result of this, the fuel inside the fuel tank FT is promptly evaporated to be detected its leakage, thus achieving shortening of the time required for the leak detection.
Further, the leak detection can be performed at an optimum timing by use of the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B and the heater 22 irrespective of any circumstances of the tank inside pressure. Accordingly, there is no limitation to the timing of performing the leak detection, and thus the leak detection can be performed highly frequently.
Further, when the liquid fuel in the fuel tank is atomized by ultrasonic wave of the ultrasonic wave generator 21B, the fuel can be atomized promptly by the ultrasonic wave generator 21B with high responsivity.
Further, the atomizer 21A is provided in the return passage RA. Flow of the liquid fuel into the fuel tank FT from the return passage RA facilitates the flow of the liquid fuel into the atomizer 21A provided in the return passage RA, thereby promoting atomization of the fuel by the atomizer 21A.
Further, the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection when the reduction amount of the tank inside pressure estimated by the pressure-reduction-amount estimation section 26 is within the predetermined threshold value. This leads to prevention of the leak detection under an unpreferable condition (for example, a condition that the evaporated fuel is liquified to cause excessive reduction in the tank inside pressure), so that the detection accuracy of the leak detection is improved.
Further, as shown in
Next, a second example is explained with focus on different points from the first example. In the present example, when the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5, which is an object to be detected by the leak detection, is of the unsealed-tank-system specification, the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection based on control contents of a flowchart shown in
As shown in
Subsequently, the pressure estimation section 28 estimates the tank inside pressure based on the consumed energy amount obtained in step S205 (step S206). Herein, the “energy consumption amount” represents an energy amount (for example, electric power) which has been consumed to drive the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B and the heater 22.
At this time, by use of a map shown in
Returning back to the explanation of
Subsequently, when an absolute value of a difference between an estimated value of the tank inside pressure estimated in step S206 and a measured value of the tank inside pressure measured in step S207 is greater than a predetermined value C (step S208: YES), the leak detection section 24 determines that there is occurred at least any one of breakdown and leakage (step S209). In this case, for example, the tank inside pressure is considered to be less than or equal to an upper limit in a region of “determination of a large hole and system breakdown” in the above-mentioned
Herein, “breakdown occurrence” means there is occurred abnormality (for example, abnormality in the pressure sensor 23 or the like) in the leak detection apparatus 1. The predetermined value C corresponds to one example of a “predetermined pressure value” of the present disclosure and is 1.0 kPa, for example.
When it is determined as breakdown occurrence and/or leakage occurrence in step S209, the leak detection section 24 performs lighting-up of MIL to notify the breakdown occurrence and/or the leakage occurrence (step S210).
As mentioned above, in the present example, the leak detection section 24 determines that there is occurred abnormality in the leak detection apparatus 1 or there is a possibility of abnormality occurred in the leak detection apparatus 1 when the difference between the estimation value of the tank inside pressure estimated by the pressure estimation section 28 and the measured value of the tank inside pressure measured by the pressure sensor 23 is greater than the predetermined value C. Thus, it is possible to determine presence or absence of breakdown in the leak detection apparatus 1, which is a premise for performing the leak detection.
Further, in step S208, when the absolute value of the difference between the estimation value of the tank inside pressure estimated in step S206 and the measured value of the tank inside pressure measured in step S207 is less than or equal to the predetermined value C (step S208: NO), the leak detection section 24 determines there is no abnormality occurred (step S211).
Further, in the present example, when the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 which is the object to be detected by the leak detection is of the sealed-tank-system specification, the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection based on the control contents of the flowchart shown in the above-mentioned
As shown in
A third example is now explained with focus on different points from the first and the second examples. When the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 which is the object to be detected by the leak detection is an apparatus of the unsealed-tank-system specification in the present example, the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection based on control contents of a flowchart shown in
As shown in
Subsequently, when the evaporation amount is greater than the liquefaction amount (step S303: YES) and a tank atmosphere layer temperature is higher or equal to a predetermined value D (step S304: YES), the leak detection section 24 closes the purge valve 14 and the atmosphere open/close valve 17 (step S305). Herein, the “tank atmosphere layer temperature” represents a temperature on a layer portion inside the fuel tank FT. The predetermined value D is, for example, 40° C.
Subsequently, the leak detection section 24 turns off (namely, halts) the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B (in the figure, denoted as the “fog generator”) and the heater 22 (step S306). The fuel tank FT is thus cooled down, and accordingly, the tank inside pressure starts to decrease.
Subsequently, the leak detection section 24 determines whether the reduction amount of the tank inside pressure (in the figure, denoted as the “pressure reduction amount”) is less than a predetermined value E (step S307). This predetermined value E is, for example, 2 kPa.
When the reduction amount of the tank inside pressure is less than the predetermined value E (step S307: YES), the leak detection section 24 determines occurrence of leakage (step S308) and performs lighting-up of the MIL to notify the leakage occurrence (step S309).
On the other hand, when the reduction amount of the tank inside pressure is greater than or equal to the predetermined value E (step S307: NO), the leak detection section 24 determines there is no leakage (step S310).
By performing the above-mentioned leak detection, for example, one example of control operation indicated in time charts of
As shown in
At time T12 when a vehicle is parked, for example, the atomizer 21A or the ultrasonic wave generator 21B and the heater 22 are turned off, so that the temperature on the atmosphere layer portion of the fuel tank FT and the tank inside pressure decline. In this state, at time T13 to time T14, the leak detection is performed based on the reduction amount of the tank inside pressure.
Further, in the present example, when the evaporated fuel treatment apparatus 5 which is the object to be detected by the leak detection is an apparatus of the sealed-tank-system specification, the leak detection section 24 performs the leak detection based on the control contents of the flowchart in
As shown in
The above-mentioned embodiment is only an illustration and does not give any limitation to the present disclosure. It is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
For example, the pressure sensor 23 is not limited to the one for measuring the tank inside pressure, and alternatively, may be the one for measuring a pressure at any points in the evaporative-emission pipe. In this case, the leak detection section 24 is to perform the leak detection based on the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 23 at any one point in the evaporative-emission pipe.
In the above aspect, preferably, the atomizing section is an ultrasonic wave generator to atomize the fuel by ultrasonic wave.
According to the above aspect, the fuel can be promptly atomized by the ultrasonic wave generator with high responsivity.
In the above aspect, preferably, the atomizing section is provided in a return passage, which is a branch passage branched off from a fuel supply passage for supplying the fuel to the internal combustion engine from the fuel tank, to return the fuel to the fuel tank.
According to this aspect, flow of the fuel flowing into the fuel tank from the return passage makes it easy for the fuel to flow into the atomizing section provided in the return passage, and thus atomization of the fuel by the atomizing section is promoted.
In the above aspect, preferably, the fuel atomized by the atomizing section is introduced in a cell, which is a chamber encircled by walls in the fuel tank, and evaporated by the evaporating section provided inside the cell.
According to this aspect, the atomized fuel stored in a narrow space inside the cell is heated by the evaporating section, and thus the fuel is evaporated in a short time. Therefore, the time required for the leak detection can be made shorter.
In the above aspect, preferably, the leak detection apparatus comprises: a liquefaction-related-information obtention section of obtaining information related to liquefaction of the evaporated fuel; and a pressure-reduction-amount estimation section to estimate a reduction amount of the pressure in the fuel tank, the pressure being reduced due to liquefaction of the evaporated fuel, based on the liquefaction-related information obtained by the liquefaction-related-information obtention section, and the leak detection section performs the leak detection when the reduced amount of the pressure in the fuel tank estimated by the pressure-reduction-amount estimation section is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value.
According to this aspect, it is possible to prevent execution of the leak detection under a condition unpreferable for the leak detection (for example, under a condition that the pressure inside the fuel tank excessively decreases due to liquefaction of the evaporated fuel), and thus detection accuracy in the leak detection is improved.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the leak detection apparatus comprises: an energy amount obtention section to obtain a consumption amount of the energy consumed for driving the atomizing section and the evaporating section; and a pressure estimation section to estimate pressure in the evaporative-emission pipe based on the energy amount obtained by the energy amount obtention section, and wherein the leak detection section determines occurrence of abnormality and a possibility of occurrence of abnormality in the leak detection apparatus when a difference between an estimated pressure value in the evaporative-emission pipe estimated by the pressure estimation section and a measured pressure value in the evaporative-emission pipe measured by the pressure measurement section is larger than a predetermined pressure value.
According to this aspect, determination of occurrence or non-occurrence of breakdown in the leak detection apparatus as a precondition for execution of the leak detection can be performed.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-198276 | Oct 2019 | JP | national |
