Patent Grant
8459852
This invention relates to an operatory lamp for illuminating a treatment area, and more particularly to a lamp that includes technological features that makes it uniquely well suited for use by a dentist or dental assistant in a dental operatory setting.
It has been known for an extended period of time that electricity may be harnessed to create visible light. Incandescent light emitting elements powered by electricity have been used for substantially the same period of time. However, such incandescent lights suffer from an inefficient conversion of electricity to visible light. The inefficient conversion process causes production of a considerable amount of heat, and emission of a significant amount of radiation in, or near, the infrared spectrum. Such infrared emission inherently casts a heat load onto a target along with an illuminating beam. The heat generated by incandescent lighting may sometimes place an undesirable burden on environmental control systems, such as cooling systems used in dwellings. Both the inefficient conversion process, and removing the undesired heat load from the area near the light, lead to a correspondingly larger than necessary electric utility bill. Furthermore, in use on an operatory to illuminate an operating site on a patient, the infrared emissions may undesirably dry illuminated tissue, or may produce a feeling of discomfort in the patient.
Alternative light emitting elements include fluorescent light bulbs. Such fluorescent bulbs advantageously produce a reduced heat load compared to incandescent bulbs. However, fluorescent bulbs tend to be bulky, and generally produce light of a less desirable color and intensity for many applications. Furthermore, certain electrical components required in the electric circuit powering the fluorescent bulbs, such as the ballast, tend to produce an undesirable amount of noise. In use in an operatory, it is generally desired to reduce the bulk of a lamp fixture, to reduce its intrusion into the operating arena, and to facilitate ease of manipulation of the lamp fixture.
The majority of currently marketed dental exam lights use incandescent bulbs as light sources. These incandescent dental exam lights possess a number of disadvantages, such as: emission of infra-red (IR) radiation that must be removed with filters or so-called ‘cold-mirrors’ to prevent excessive warming of the patient and user; relatively short bulb life-time; inability of the user to adjust light color temperature and chromaticity of light; color temperature becoming lower and the light becoming “warmer” (i.e., shifting from white to orange/red), when light intensity is reduced (dimmed); and production of significant ultraviolet (UV) and blue light which causes undesired and uncontrolled curing of dental composites and adhesives.
The inventors have surmised that it would be desirous to provide a more energy-efficient lamp fixture capable of producing a reduced heat load, and casting illumination having a desirable color and intensity that can be adjusted to obtain desirable spectra in a single lamp. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the invention pertains to an operatory lamp used to illuminate a treatment area for treating a patient that includes structural features to efficient transfer heat from a light source and into the environment. The lamp is adapted to be movably mounted at a predetermined position above the treatment area to facilitate a doctor in treating the patient. The lamp includes a housing having a front portion toward the treatment area and a rear portion away from the treatment area. The front portion of the housing includes an elongate support member extending across a generally central axis of the housing. An LED light source is mounted on the support member generally at the central axis of the housing for generating and projecting light rearward away from the treatment area, with the LED light source having a base toward the treatment area and a lens away from the treatment area. A reflector is included at the rear portion of the housing and is illuminated by light from the LED light source. The reflector reflects the light in a beam past the support member generally parallel to the central axis of the housing toward the treatment area for illuminating the treatment area. The housing also includes a heat sink spaced apart from the beam of light from the reflector toward the treatment area so as not to obstruct the beam of light in illuminating the treatment area; and a heat transfer conduit extending from adjacent to the LED light source along the support member to the heat sink for conducting heat generated at the LED light source to the heat sink for dissipation of the heat away from the LED light source.
In a particular embodiment, the heat transfer conduit is a heat pipe. In another embodiment, the heat transfer conduit is formed of a generally solid rod of material having a high coefficient of heat transfer. Furthermore, the heat sink may be positioned at the rear portion of the housing. In a more specific embodiment, the heat sink includes a plurality of channels for directing ambient air flow past the heat sink.
In another embodiment, the heat transfer conduit is a hollow tube for conducting a flow of cooling air past the LED light source for absorbing heat generated at the LED light source and directing heated air to the heat sink, with the heat sink exhausting air to the environment. The embodiment may further include a fan in fluid communication with the hollow tube for moving cooling air through the tube.
In another embodiment, the support member extends from a side of the housing to the central axis of the housing. In a more specific embodiment, the support member extends from one side of the housing to the other side of the housing, and the LED light source is positioned generally at the center of the support member.
The inventors have also realized that the efficiency of lighting from a dental lamp may be increased by controlling the shape of light output that is in turn reflected to the patient. According to another embodiment, the invention pertains to an operatory light used to illuminate a treatment area for treating a patient that includes a strategically placed light guide to direct light according to a predetermined shape and pattern. The lamp is adapted to be movably mounted at a predetermined position above the treatment area to facilitate a doctor in treating the patient. The lamp includes a housing having a front portion toward the treatment area and a rear portion away from the treatment area. The front portion of the housing includes an elongate support member extending across a generally central axis of the housing. An LED light source is mounted on the support member generally at the central axis of the housing for generating and projecting light rearward away from the treatment area, with the LED light source having a base toward the treatment area and a lens away from the treatment area. A reflector is included at the rear portion of the housing and is illuminated by light from the LED light source. The reflector reflects the light in a beam past the support member generally parallel to the central axis of the housing toward the treatment area for illuminating the treatment area. The embodiment further includes a light guide positioned between the LED light source and the reflector for directing the light in a beam from the light source to the reflector having a generally transparent portion with a cross-sectional size and shape so as to result in the light being reflected from the reflector illuminating the treatment area in a pattern of a predetermined shape and size.
In a more specific embodiment, the light guide pertains to an optical device with an adjustable iris. In one example, the iris pertains to a movable plate or plates defining an aperture constituting the generally transparent portion of the light guide. In another example, the iris pertains to a semiconductor panel with areas that can be selectively rendered transparent or opaque.
Alternatively, the light guide pertains to a rod of transparent material. In a specific example, the transparent material may be formed of acrylic or polycarbonate material.
In yet a further embodiment, the invention pertains to an operatory light used to illuminate a treatment area for treating a patient. The lamp includes a support member upon which an LED light source is mounted. A reflector is included at the rear portion of the housing and is illuminated by light from the LED light source. The reflector reflects the light in a beam past the support member generally parallel to the central axis of the housing toward the treatment area for illuminating the treatment area. The embodiment further includes a waveguide positioned between the LED light source and the reflector for mixing the visible wavelength light emanating from the LED source to mix the light of different wavelengths into a beam of light that is of substantially uniform color throughout when the beam of light illuminates the treatment area. In addition to, or alternative to a mixing function, the waveguide also serves to shape light emitted from one or more LEDs into a specific pattern of light. In a preferred embodiment, the light is emitted in a rectangular pattern.
In a specific embodiment, the light source includes red, green and blue LED devices that together produce light in a plurality of wavelengths. Alternatively, the light source pertains to a single white LED producing light in a plurality wavelengths.
In another specific embodiment, the waveguide is a rod of transparent material that has ridges formed along the sides thereof and extends generally in a direction parallel to the direction of the light beam from the LED light source to the reflector. Non-limiting examples of transparent materials are acrylic or polycarbonate materials. Alternatively, the light guide may be a holographic diffuser (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,471,327 and 5,926,293).
In view of the inventors' novel utilization of LED lights in reflective-type dental operatory lamps, it has been realized that the implementation of filters can improve the light output for dental purposes. In a further embodiment, the invention pertains to an operatory light used to illuminate a treatment area for treating a patient that incorporates strategically placed filters to eliminate undesired wavelengths of light before approaching the treatment area. The lamp is adapted to be movably mounted at a predetermined position above the treatment area to facilitate a doctor in treating the patient. The lamp includes a housing having a front portion toward the treatment area and a rear portion away from the treatment area. The front portion of the housing includes an elongate support member extending across a generally central axis of the housing. An LED light source is mounted on the support member generally at the central axis of the housing for generating and projecting light rearward away from the treatment area, with the LED light source having a base toward the treatment area and a lens away from the treatment area. A reflector is included at the rear portion of the housing and is illuminated by light from the LED light source. The reflector reflects the light in a beam past the support member generally parallel to the central axis of the housing toward the treatment area for illuminating the treatment area. As alluded to above, the embodiment further includes an optical filter for eliminating undesired visible wavelengths from the light emanating from the lamp and prior to illuminating the treatment area.
The optical filter may pertain to a shield member at the front of the housing transmitting and filtering the light reflected by the reflector toward the treatment area. The optical filter may include a filter member positioned between the light source and the reflector transmitting and filtering the light generated at the light source and directed toward the reflector. In a specific embodiment, the filter member pertains to a semiconductor panel with areas that can be selectively rendered opaque to light of a selected visible wavelength. In another specific embodiment, the filter member is movably mounted for selective movement between a first position in which it is illuminated by light from the light source directed to the reflector and a second position in which it is not illuminated by light from the light source directed to the reflector.
The inventors have realized that dental lights, and LED-type lamps in particular, need to be closely calibrated to provide the proper and desired light intensity. Once a lamp is installed at a customer site, there is the possibility that, over time, the lamp will deviate from its original calibration. The inventors have thus devised a lamp that has the ability to self-calibrate over the life of the lamp. Accordingly, in a further embodiment, the invention pertains to an operatory light used to illuminate a treatment area for treating a patient that comprises circuitry connecting its light source to a source of electrical power and a controller associated with the circuitry for selectively controlling the level of power provided to the LED light source to control intensity of the light produced by the LED light source. In addition, the embodiment includes an optical sensor illuminated by the light generated by the light source for detecting the level of the intensity of the light impinging the sensor at predetermined wavelengths and generating a signal indicative of such light intensity to be provided to the controller. Similar to other embodiments, this lamp embodiment is adapted to be movably mounted at a predetermined position above the treatment area to facilitate a doctor in treating the patient, and includes a housing having a front portion toward the treatment area and a rear portion away from the treatment area. The front portion of the housing includes an elongate support member extending across a generally central axis of the housing, and an LED light source is mounted on the support member generally at the central axis of the housing for generating and projecting light rearward away from the treatment area, with the LED light source having a base toward the treatment area and a lens away from the treatment area. A reflector is included at the rear portion of the housing and is illuminated by light from the LED light source. The reflector reflects the light in a beam past the support member generally parallel to the central axis of the housing toward the treatment area for illuminating the treatment area.
In one example, the light source comprises red, green and blue LED light devices and the controller controls the intensity of the light produced by each of the LED Light devices. In one example, the optical sensor detects the intensity of the light produced by the LED light source in each of the red, green and blue wavelengths. In another example, the controller controls the level of the power provided to the LED light source at least in part in response to the signal generated by the optical sensor. In another example, the light source pertains to a white LED light source and the controller controls the intensity of the LED light device.
The inventors have realized that temperature control is an important issue in view of the novel embodiments taught herein that utilize LED light sources in dental operatory lights. Since LED lights can become exceedingly hot, dental personnel run the risk of severe burn when manipulating lights. Moreover, the light itself runs the risk of damage if the light exceeds certain temperatures for a period of time. In a further embodiment, the invention pertains to an operatory light used to illuminate a treatment area for treating a patient. The lamp is adapted to be movably mounted at a predetermined position above the treatment area to facilitate a doctor in treating the patient. The lamp includes a housing having a front portion toward the treatment area and a rear portion away from the treatment area. The front portion of the housing includes an elongate support member extending across a generally central axis of the housing. An LED light source is mounted on the support member generally at the central axis of the housing for generating and projecting light rearward away from the treatment area, with the LED light source having a base toward the treatment area and a lens away from the treatment area. A reflector is included at the rear portion of the housing and is illuminated by light from the LED light source. The reflector reflects the light in a beam past the support member generally parallel to the central axis of the housing toward the treatment area for illuminating the treatment area. The embodiment further includes circuitry connecting the light source to a source of electrical power and a controller associated with the circuitry for controlling the level of power provided to the light source to control intensity of the light produced. The embodiment also includes a temperature sensor in a heat transfer relationship with the LED light source for detecting the temperature of the LED light source and generating a signal indicative of the temperature of LED light source to be provided to the controller.
In a specific embodiment, the controller controls the level of power provided to the LED light source at least in part in response to the signal generated by the temperature sensor. In another embodiment, the LED light source is mounted on a printed circuit board and the temperature sensor is mounted on the printed circuit board. In a more specific embodiment, the circuitry includes a power quality device having a rectifier and a regulator mounted on a printed circuit board and the temperature sensor is mounted on the printed circuit board.
Traditional halogen reflective lamps are known to emit light of undesired wavelengths and intensities. To address this problem, halogen light manufacturers intentionally disrupt the surface of the reflector, by creating facets and the like, which act to ‘soften’ the emitted light. In contrast to this conventional technique, the inventors' realizations of how to implement LEDs in a reflective type lamp have led to the discovery that a reflector can be intentionally made with a very smooth surface that avoids the problems encountered with halogen lamps. According to another embodiment, a dental light is provided that has a reflector having a surface that is generally smooth over the entire extent thereof. The reflecting surface is generally free of facets and reflects the full spectrum of light in visible and infrared wavelengths.
In a specific embodiment, the reflective surface includes a coating of aluminum thereon. The reflector itself may be formed of aluminum that has a polished front face. In other embodiments, the reflector may comprise a film of reflective material, where the film has a self-adhesive backing and reflective face. The reflector may also include attachment portions on a back surface away from the reflective surface which aid in the securing of the reflector to the housing of the lamp. In addition the back surface may include alignment portions that enable the alignment of the reflective surface. In a specific embodiment, the reflector is of an integrally formed construction, including the attachment portions and alignment portions being integrally formed in the reflector.
As noted above, the issue of heat generation from the LED lamp should be addressed. In an alternative embodiment, a thermoelectric cooling device is positioned on the lamp relative to the LED light source so as to assist in the transfer of heat generated from the light source. In a particular embodiment, the thermoelectric device is a Peltier-type device.
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming that which is regarded as the present invention, this invention can be more readily understood and appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art from the following description of the invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Although the foregoing description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but merely as providing illustrations of some representative embodiments. Similarly, other embodiments of the invention may be devised that do not depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Features from different embodiments may be employed in combination.
Illustrated lamp 100 can include an attachment structure (not shown) operable to connect lamp 100 to suspension structure in the work area. Such an attachment structure is typically attached at a back 106 or sides 107 of lamp 100, although any convenient arrangement is operable. Typical suspension structure in a dental operatory permits a user to orient the lamp in space operably to aim the light output of lamp 100 at the desired target area. Certain embodiments of the invention provide a lamp having reduced weight and/or intrusive volume compared to commercially available lamps. Such reduced weight lamps permit a corresponding reduction in mass of the lamp suspension arrangement, thereby increasing ease of manipulation of the lamp to orient its output toward a target.
In use in an environment such as a dental operatory, a front shield (not shown) can be provided as a protective cover to block migration of dust and contaminated aerosols into the lamp interior. A front surface of such a shield may be structured to provide an easily cleanable surface, whereby to maintain sterility of the operatory area. In certain embodiments, the shield may incorporate one or more lenses to focus, or otherwise modify, the light output of lamp 100. Whether or not a focusing lens is provided, a shield made from Lexan®, or other similar optically useful and formable material, can be provided to completely encase the front of a dental lamp to resist contamination of, and to facilitate cleaning of, the lamp. The shield may be injection molded and may include focusing lenses. Desirably, the shield, or a portion of lamp housing 114, can be hinged, or otherwise openable by a user, to provide access to the interior of lamp 100 for maintenance or replacement of a light generating element.
With reference to
Typically, a reflective element, generally indicated at 116, is provided to direct the LED's light output toward a target. In a particular embodiment, reflective element 116 can be a concave aspheric reflector which collects the light emanating from the mixing rod and focuses it onto the plane of the patient's face (“image plane”). The reflector surface contour can be a simple 2D ellipse section revolved around the central optical axis. A focusing lens 209 may be included in an arrangement effective to collimate rays 120 and further direct them to an illuminated area indicated at 126. In certain embodiments of the invention, area 126 corresponds to the target footprint of the lamp 100. In such case, it is desired that the illumination emitted from each module 118 is substantially uniform over area 126. Certain rays 128 may be emitted in a direction other than desired for impingement on area 126. Such rays 128 are characterized as stray light. As indicated by the illustrated collection of rays 120, area 126 sometimes has a higher intensity of illumination at its center, and may fade to a decreased intensity near its perimeter, as discussed with reference to
As best shown in
As shown in
Those skilled in the art will appreciate in view of the teachings herein that the heat pipe 134 may be substituted by other heat transfer conduits such as a solid rod having a high coefficient of heat transfer. Alternatively the heat transfer conduit is a hollow tube for conducting a flow of cooling air past the LED light source 118 for absorbing heat generated at the LED light source 118 and directing heated air to the heat sink 142.
In order to produce homogenous light when multiple LEDs of different colors (for example, red, greed, blue, and amber) are used, the light emitting from each individual LED should sufficiently overlap the light from all the other LEDs. In a particular embodiment, a clear rectangular rod made of acrylic serves this function and is referred to herein as an optical waveguide 136. It is understood that the waveguide 136 can be made out of any suitable material capable of acting as an optical light guide. The performance of the waveguide 136 can be significantly enhanced with the addition of periodic features or “ripples” 150 on the outside walls of the waveguide. As illustrated in
The waveguide 136 also serves the function of shaping the light received to emit light according to a predetermined pattern. The waveguide 136 shown serves to promote light in a rectangular pattern. Thus, the light shaping function is achieved whether one white LED is used or multiple LEDs of different colors.
Multiple LEDs of each color can be mounted using reflow surface mount techniques to achieve optimum optical density. In a particular embodiment, a conventional metal core board (MCB) 130 can be used. Alternatively, a conventional fiberglass laminate (FR4) printed circuit board (PCB) material can be used. LEDs, particularly red and amber LEDs, have the characteristic that their light output decreases significantly as their temperature raises. Heat management can be critical to maintaining optimum light output and therefore the proper ratios of light intensity to maintain the desired CCT and CRI.
The lamp 100 of the present invention includes a number of different operating modes which provide different light characteristics, as described in Table 1.
In this design, the ratios of the four colors are controlled with a variation of pulsed width modulation of the current. During the assembly and test of the lamp 100, each color is independently characterized for peak wavelength, spectral spread (full width half max), and illuminance (lux) at the image plane at a predetermined maximum current. Using test software based on both theoretical and empirical predictions, these values are used to generate a table of duty cycles for each wavelength at each of the three operating conditions: 4200K, 5000K, and “No Cure” modes at start up (board temperature equal to ambient temperature). These tables then can be stored on an electronic memory device (chip) that matches the serial number of the lamp. The PWM controller then looks up the duty cycle table on the memory chip and sets the duty cycles accordingly when the lamp is first started. At this time, the test software algorithm can also produce and store duty cycle tables for the full range of operating board temperatures, as discussed in more detail below.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, temperature compensation or measurement may be included. Since each color LED has a different sensitivity to heat, a compensation algorithm can be used to set the drive current values for each color as a function of temperature. The compensation algorithm may be adapted to assume that LEDs of a given color do not exhibit significant differences in temperature sensitivity. As a result, each lamp need not be characterized thermally but rather may depend on the theoretical and empirically determined temperature relationships in the algorithm.
In a particular embodiment as shown in
Further, as discussed above, it is desirous for the lamp to maintain a predetermined light intensity once installed. The lamp shown in
The electrical power supply for supplying electrical power to the LED of the LED light source 118 is selectively operable to provide an intensity adjustment for the LED as controlled by the controller 509. In an embodiment where multiple LEDs are provided, the electrical power supply can be selectively operable to control the level of power transmitted to each LED independent of the level of power transmitted to the other LEDs. The LED can be configured to have a variable color output. For example, the intensity adjustment can range from 0 to about 2500 FC. The intensity adjustment can be continuous throughout its range of adjustments or, alternatively, can be adjustable at discrete settings within its range of adjustments. Controller 509 in communication with the power supply of the LED light source 118 can control the level of power transmitted to the LED, and thus the output intensity of the light from the lamp. Suitable controllers for use with the present invention are well known in the art and include, but are not limited to, any programmable digital electronic component that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single semiconducting integrated circuit (IC).
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a dental operatory lamp used to illuminate an operating area comprises a housing having a front directed toward the operating area and a rear facing away from the operating area. A plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be included. An adapter configured for receiving at least one non-light emitting diode (non-LED) light source is located within the housing. The at least one non-LED light source may consist of a group of lights that can be selected from, for example, Quartz halogen, tungsten halogen, incandescent, xenon, fluorescent, fiber optics, gas plasma, laser, ultraviolet, and blue light. The at least one non-LED light source may also include the group of lights selected from, for example, dental curing light, oral cancer screening light, decay detection (cavities and caries) blood detection sterilization and tooth whitening light.
A particular embodiment of the invention includes a dental operatory lamp used to illuminate an operating area having a housing with a front directed toward the operating area and a rear away from the operating area. The LED light source 118 is positioned with the LED aligned toward predetermined points on the reflective element 116 for directing the light from the LED light source 118 toward the front of the lamp in a pattern that focuses light from the lamp to a central area of illumination of high intensity 204, with significantly reduced intensity illumination 202 outside the central area, as shown in
In a preferred embodiment, a rectangular pattern of light is emitted that has an illuminating region with a perimeter possessing a stark contrast in intensity relative to the surrounding non-illuminated area of the rectangular pattern. In a specific example, the non-illuminated area surrounding the illuminated rectangular pattern has at least a 70%, 80% or 90% decrease in intensity compared to the light in the illuminated rectangular pattern.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is shown in
The lamp 100 of the present invention allows the user to set various chromaticity settings, such as sunlight equivalent D65 or simulated fluorescent lighting for improved dental shade matching. It also allows the addition of thermal, color, or intensity feedback to better maintain light characteristics over the life of the product, and permits adjustment of light intensity independent of color setting. The lamp 100 also is adapted to provide different configurations and forms of color mixing light guides. Specifically, the lamp 100 provides a user selectable mode with reduced irradiance in the near UV and blue wavelengths to allow adequate illumination while not initiating curing of UV-curable dental composites and adhesives. The lamp design can provide longer life through use of LEDs instead of incandescent bulbs and which can be further achieved through use of heat pipes, finned rear housing and fan cooling which maintain low LED temperature even at high currents.
In an alternative embodiment, the light guide 250 also operates as an optical filter and is positioned at the rear-end of the LED light source 118 so as to intercept light from the LED light source 118 as it travels to the reflector 116. The optical filter is designed to eliminate undesired visible wavelengths of light. Moreover, in place of filters or in addition to filters adjacent to the LED light source 118, the lamp may include a shield that is designed to filter light being reflected from the reflector to the treatment area so as to filter out undesired wavelengths of light.
In another embodiment shown in
Although the foregoing description contains many specifics, these are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but merely as providing certain representative embodiments. Similarly, other embodiments of the invention can be devised which do not depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated and limited only by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the foregoing description. All additions, deletions, and modifications to the invention, as disclosed herein, which fall within the meaning and scope of the claims, are encompassed by the present invention. The disclosures of any references cited herein are incorporated in their entirety to the extent not inconsistent with the teachings herein.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 12/287,481, filed Oct. 8, 2008 now U.S. Pat. No. 8,016,470, published as Pub. No. US 2009/0091913, which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 11/867,876, filed Oct. 5, 2007 now abandoned, published as Pub. No. US 2008/0025013 A1 on Jan. 31, 2008. Priority to these applications is claimed under 35 USC 120 and the disclosures of such are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100203465 A1 | Aug 2010 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12287481 | Oct 2008 | US |
| Child | 12693904 | US | |
| Parent | 11867876 | Oct 2007 | US |
| Child | 12287481 | US |
