BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is described herein with reference to particular embodiments thereof which are exemplified in the drawings. It should be understood, however, that the various embodiments depicted in the drawings are only exemplary and may not limit the invention as defined in the appended claims.
FIG. 1 is general schematics depicting an optical receiver according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2A illustrates a side elevation while FIG. 2B illustrates a top elevation of an embodiment of the invention that may be used with the optical head of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-section depicting another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 depicts another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 depicts yet another embodiment of the invention using a TEC device.
FIG. 6 depicts another embodiment of the invention wherein the objective housing is composed of two parts.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention provides an optical system for collecting light from a specimen using a SIL and temperature control. The system can be used with various arrangements of collection optics, and is especially beneficial for use in microscopes designed for detection of faint light emissions, such as from microchips, commonly referred to device under test (DUT). Various embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for imaging a specimen with a SIL and when control of the specimen temperature is important.
FIG. 1 is a general schematic depicting the major components of an embodiment of the invention, in conjunction with a specimen 111 to be imaged. In FIG. 1, the specimen, e.g., DUT 111, is mounted onto a carrier 125, such as a DUT adapter or load board, etc. The optical collection system 100 comprises an objective lens housing 110, wherein an objective 120 is situated. A SIL is mounted onto the tip of the cone section 122 of the objective housing 110. During imaging, the SIL is “coupled” to the specimen so as to capture evanescence wave. In other words, the SIL is coupled to the specimen so that it captures rays propagating in the specimen at angles higher than the critical angle (the critical angle is that at which total internal reflection occurs). As is known in the art, the coupling can be achieved by, for example, physical contact with the imaged object, very close placement (up to about 200 nanometers) to the object, or the use of index matching material or fluid.
The present inventor, however, made the observation that when the SIL 126 is coupled to the specimen 111, especially a DUT, it creates a zone of temperature gradient in the DUT such that the temperature is not uniform across the DUT. This is particularly detrimental when the DUT is stimulated for testing purposes, as the temperature gradient may alter the testing results. Accordingly, the inventor has devised various methods to reduce or avoid the temperature gradient. As shown, the upper cone section 122 of housing 120 includes a temperature control element 114, the operation of which is controlled by controller 180, such as, e.g., a specifically programmed general purpose computer. Alternatively, the temperature control element may be controlled by a specifically designed control circuit, software, or combinations thereof. The temperature control element may be a heating element, a cooling element, or both. Various examples for the temperature control element will be provided further below, but these examples are not meant to limit the invention and other temperature control elements may be used.
FIG. 2A illustrates a side elevation while FIG. 2B illustrates a top elevation of an embodiment of the invention that may be used with the optical head of FIG. 1. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the conical section 222 is fitted with a tubing or conduit 214, which in this embodiment is made of a thermally conductive material, such as copper, and is physically contacting the conical section 222 by, e.g., soldiering. The tubing is provided with an inlet 232 and outlet 234, via which fluid is made to flow. The fluid is conditioned to a desired temperature and pressure, so that it controls the temperature of the conical section 222, and thereby controls the temperature of the SIL 226. Thus, for example, if the SIL draws heat from the DUT and thereby creates a drop in temperature at the location of contact with the DUT, the fluid is heated so as to elevate the temperature of the SIL. Similarly, when the SIL needs to be cooled, a coolant is circulated in the tubing 214 so as to cool the cone section 222, and thereby cool the SIL. As can be understood, while the tubing 214 is shown affixed to the external surface of the conical section 222, the same effect can be achieved by affixing the tubing 214 to the inside surface of the conical section 222. As can be understood, the temperature of the SIL can be controlled by varying the temperature and/or pressure of the coolant fluid.
FIG. 3 is a cross-section depicting another embodiment of the invention. Notably, FIG. 3 depicts a cross section of conical section 322 of an objective housing, such as that shown in FIG. 1. The SIL 326 is shown atop of conical section 322. In this embodiment, a heat exchanger 316, such as a resistive device or a thermoelectric cooling (TEC) device is affixed to the inside of the conical section 322, although it could also be affixed to the outside surface, or to both. As is known, thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials. In this manner, the temperature of the conical section 322 can be controlled, thereby controlling the temperature of SIL 326. As is shown, optionally conduit 314 is provided through which fluid is circulated so as to function as a heat sink or source to the heat exchanging device 316.
FIG. 4 depicts another embodiment of the invention. Notably, in FIG. 4, a TEC is affixed to the outer surface of the conical section 422. Piping or conduit 414 is provided in physical contact with the TEC so as to form thermally conductive contact. Fluid is circulated within the piping 414 via inlet 432 and outlet 434. The piping 414 with the circulating fluid form a heat sink or source to the TEC. In this manner, the temperature of the conical section 422 is controlled, thereby controlling the temperature of the SIL 426.
FIG. 5 depicts yet another embodiment of the invention using a TEC. In this embodiment, the TEC 516 is affixed to the outer surface of the cone section 522. In this embodiment, the optical system is used to inspect a specimen 511, such as a DUT, which is cooled by way of a spray jet 556 emitted from one or more injectors 546. Injectors 546 may be constructed in the form of atomizers that provide a fine mist or fine spray of coolant fluid onto the specimen 511. In such an embodiment, the contact of SIL 526 with specimen 511 may cause a temperature gradient as the SIL may prevent coolant from reaching the contact area, and the SIL may also act as a heat sink/source at the point of contact. Therefore, the area about the point of contact may have a temperature gradient with respect to the rest of the specimen. To reduce or avoid such a gradient, the temperature of the SIL should be brought close to the temperature of the specimen 511, as conditioned by the coolant spray 556. In this embodiment this is done by the TEC. As shown in FIG. 5, the coolant spray 556 itself can act as a heat sink/source for the TEC. Alternatively and optionally, if a stronger heat sink/source is needed, piping 514 can be added, much as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 depicts another embodiment of the invention. In FIG. 6 the optical receiver 600 is composed of two parts: objective lens housing 610 and SIL housing 640, which is slidably coupled to objective housing 610, as shown by double-arrow S. That is, the SIL housing 640 can slide over the objective housing 610 so that the distance Df can be varies so as to, e.g., obtain a better focus. In one optional embodiment, the SIL housing 640 is resiliently biased with respect to objective housing 610. This can be done by, e.g., spring 650 or other resilient means. The conical section 622 includes a thermal management apparatus 614 that may be chosen from any of the embodiments described above or other operative means to control the temperature of conical section 622 and thereby control the temperature of SIL 626. As is shown, the embodiment of FIG. 6 can be implemented with or without coolant spray 556 from injector 546.
While the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments thereof, it is not limited to those embodiments. Specifically, various variations and modifications may be implemented by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the invention's spirit and scope, as defined by the appended claims. Any cited prior art reference is incorporated herein by reference.
Patent Application
20070291361
