Patent Application
20220371862
This application claims priority to German patent application 10 2021 113 314.9 (filed 21 May 2021), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a lifting system for a crane, in particular for a mobile crane or crawler crane, for generating a hoist rope pretension during a travel of a suspension element of the crane, to a crane having such a lifting system, to a pretension hook block, and to a method of lifting a suspension element of crane using such a lifting system.
With most cranes, the taking up and lifting of loads takes place via hoist ropes that carry loads via suspension elements (as a rule hook blocks having a lifting hook), that are guided via deflection means at a crane boom, and that are supported on hoist winches in a windable and unwindable manner. In this respect, the hoist ropes are typically supported on the hoist winches in multiple layers. To avoid “tangles” during the reeling process, the hoist ropes have to be wound as tight as possible in the lower layers on the hoist winches. In the normal lifting process, the larger part of the hoist rope is unreeled during a load pick-up and is reeled up onto the hoist winch during the lifting process. In this respect, the load generates the required pretension on the reeled up hoist rope so that it is reeled onto the hoist winch sufficiently tautly.
If dismantling processes (e.g. chimney dismantling or wind turbine dismantling) are carried out by the crane, loads often have to be picked up at great height and placed down on the ground. The hook block is reeled up as “empty”, i.e. without a load, for this purpose; the load is subsequently picked up at height and then placed on the ground.
This means that the lower layers of the hoist rope are only pretensioned with the aid of the hook block's own weight during the reeling up onto the hoist winch and the load is only picked up at the topmost layer of the winch. The risk of rope tangles and thus of roe damage up to ropes in a replacement state of wear is thereby very high in such dismantling processes.
To circumvent this problem, the hook block weight is currently increased in the simplest case, for example by using a larger lifting hook and/or additional weights. In addition, where possible, the reeving of the hook block can be selected as small as possible and a switch to a parallel operation with two winches can be made. The length of the hoist rope unreeled from a winch drum is reduced by these measures and the pretension on the hoist rope is simultaneously increased by the smaller reeving at the same weight of the hook block. The use of a heavy hook block, however, results in a reduction of the maximum possible working load of the crane.
The possibility is furthermore known from the prior art of pulling up an additional weight together with the otherwise empty lifting hook and to place it on the structure or similar. This has the same effect as an increase of the weight of the hook block, but has the advantage that the additional weight does not remain on the hook block during the actual loading stroke from the height to the ground and the available payload is thus not reduced. The disadvantage here is that there is no possibility in most cases of placing or storing such an additional weight on the structure or similar. at the load pick-up point.
A pretension winch is known as a further solution option from DE 20 2013 006 584 U1 that pulls on the lifting hook weighted by a ballast weight of a crane on the ground and so generates an additional pretension on the hoist rope. However, this requires the provision of a further auxiliary vehicle at the construction site.
It is therefore the underlying object of the present invention to ensure a good winding quality on the winding of the hoist rope onto the hoist winch without further auxiliary vehicles having to be used for this purpose or without there being a need for a placing down of a weight at a great height.
This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by a lifting system having the features of claim 1, by a pretension hook block having the features of claim 11, and by a method in accordance with claim 12. Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims and from the following description.
Accordingly, a lifting system for a crane, in particular for a mobile crane or crawler crane, is proposed for the generation of a hoist rope pretension during a lifting of a suspension element of the crane. The lifting system in accordance with the invention comprises a separable pretension hook block and an auxiliary rope connected thereto that is stored in a windable and unwindable manner on an auxiliary winch arranged or installable at the crane and that is guided via a deflection apparatus arranged or installable at a boom of the crane. The pretension hook block can be raised and lowered relative to the deflection apparatus by winding and unwinding the auxiliary rope. In accordance with the invention, the pretension hook block comprises two hook block parts that are releasably lockable to one another, that are connected to one another via the auxiliary rope and of which an upper hook block part has a fastening means for fastening to the suspension element of the crane and a lower hook block part has a pick-up means for fastening or picking up a weight.
If the upper hook block part is connected to the suspension element, it can be lowered and raised together with it. The lower hook block part is connected to a weight to exert a pretension force on the hoist rope of the crane that carries the suspension element by this additional weight and thereby to ensure a good winding quality at the corresponding hoist winch.
Due to the separability of the pretension hook block, the two hook block parts can in particular be moved independently of one another and the weight connected to the lower hook block part does not have to be raised together with the suspension element on the raising of said suspension element. The position or movement of the weight connected to the lower hook block part can be precisely and safely controlled by a skillful control or regulation of the auxiliary winch, for example via a crane control of the crane.
Since the two hook block parts are connected to one another via the auxiliary rope, they can be moved apart or brought together by a corresponding control of the auxiliary winch. The weight connected to the lower hook block part can, for example, be placed on the ground again and can be released from the lower hook block part after the raising of the suspension element to a desired height by a corresponding control of the auxiliary winch so that subsequently the latter can be raised again and brought together with the upper hook block part or can optionally be locked by reeling up the auxiliary rope. Since the pretension hook block “hangs” at the separate auxiliary rope, the pretension hook block can be released from the suspension element in the elevated position so that the latter is available for picking up a part to be dismantled.
The lifting system in accordance with the invention therefore makes it possible to exert a pretension force on the hoist rope by use of an additional weight on the lifting of the “empty” suspension element and thus to ensure a good winding quality, with no external auxiliary equipment or vehicles having to be used with the exception of the weight. The weight generating the pretension force does not have to be placed down in an elevated position here, but can rather remain in the region of the ground. A flexible system that is easy to operate is thereby provided that can be used in dismantling operations to ensure a good hoist rope winding quality and that comprises few parts that are additionally to be taken along.
In the described solution, the load can be held in the proximity of the ground. This is an improvement of the safety aspects. There are always hazards in the region under a suspended load and the region has to be avoided by persons.
Since with a large number of cranes, for example with lattice mast crane (i.e. cranes with lattice booms), an auxiliary winch having an auxiliary rope and a mast nose that can be installed at the boom tip already belong to the standard equipment, only the pretension hook block in accordance with the invention has to be connected to the auxiliary rope in such a case. This does not take up too much space and can be easily taken along on the crane. No complicated conversion of the crane is thus required on a use of a telescopic crane to use the lifting system in accordance with the invention that would require a separate static observation. The lifting system in accordance with the invention can be retrofitted or installed for individual operations simply with existing cranes and can be subsequently removed again.
If it is stated in the present case that the auxiliary winch or hoist winch is wound up or unwound or reeled up or unreeled, it is thereby meant to be expressed in an abbreviated representation that the corresponding auxiliary rope or hoist rope is wound up on or unwound from or reeled up on or unreeled from the winch.
The feature that the upper and lower hook block parts are connected to one another via the auxiliary rope is to be given a wide interpretation and is to be understood such that the auxiliary rope runs between these two hook block parts. The two hook block parts are in particular movable with respect to one another.
Provision is made in a possible embodiment that at least one first deflection pulley is arranged at the upper hook block part and a second deflection pulley is arranged at the lower hook block part via which hook block parts the auxiliary rope is guided. This means that the pretension hook block has at least two reevings for the auxiliary rope.
The reeving of the auxiliary rope can be designed such that its end is fastened to the lower hook block part. A total of three strands thus result together with a deflection pulley provided at the deflection apparatus for the simplest case that the lower and upper hook block parts each have exactly one deflection pulley, with the first strand of the auxiliary rope running between the deflection pulley and the lower hook block part, the second strand running between the lower hook block part and the upper hook block part, and the third strand running from the hook block part for fastening to the lower hook block part. The mass of the suspended weight is here distributed proportionally over the different strands of the hook block. In the case of three strands, two stands contribute to increasing the pretension so that approximately ⅔ of the weight is suspended at the suspension element and tension the hoist rope that is reeled onto the hoist winch.
Different configurations, for example, more than one deflection pulley per upper and/or lower hook block, are naturally also conceivable here.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the pretension hook block has at least one deflection pulley to lead the auxiliary rope laterally past the suspension element that is preferably arranged at the upper hook block part. This additional deflection pulley therefore in particular does not serve the reeving of the auxiliary rope to distribute the weight force of the additional weight, but rather only the leading past of the auxiliary rope. It is, however, alternatively also conceivable that one of the deflection pulleys is simultaneously used for the leading past.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the pretension hook block comprises a guide mechanism by means of which the lower and upper hook block parts can be brought into a defined locked position when brought together. The guide mechanism can here serve the precise alignment of the upper and lower hook block parts and/or enable a simpler introduction of the two hook block parts into one another.
The guide mechanism preferably comprises one or more guide rails. Alternatively or additionally, the guide mechanism can comprise a tongue-and-groove mechanism, wherein the groove can be applied to the lower hook block and the tongue to the upper hook block. The converse case is also possible. The guide mechanism is preferably designed such that the bringing together of the hook block parts takes place automatically in an elevated position without this having to be manually assisted later.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the lower and upper hook block parts have connection means for a releasable locking to one another. The connection means preferably enable a pinning connection of the lower and upper hook block parts by means of one or more pins.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the lower and upper hook block parts are lockable by means of an actuable locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism is preferably actively or passively actuable on or after the bringing together of the upper and lower hook block parts. An active actuation can take place, for example, by means of electrically or hydraulically controlled locking pins. However, a passive actuation of the locking mechanism is preferred, in particular triggered on the bringing together of the upper and lower hook block parts. The pretension hook block can thereby have a simple construction design.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the locking mechanism is adapted to lock automatically on the bringing together of the lower and upper hook block parts and preferably comprises a spring element and/or a snap-in mechanism. The snap-in mechanism can, for example, comprise a pivotable hook element that is arranged at the upper or lower hook block part such that on the bringing together of the respective other hook block part, the hook element pivots and the latter snaps back from the upper and lower hook elements by a spring mechanism in a locked position and a pin engages around the other hook block part such that the two hook block parts are locked to one another. Different elements, for example a displaceable latch, can be used instead of the hook element and the pin.
A manual pinning during the bringing together can be dispensed with due to the automatic locking on the bringing together of the hook block parts, whereby the lifting procedure is substantially simplified. It is likewise conceivable that a manual pinning takes place in addition to the automatically actuable locking mechanism.
In a further possible embodiment, a hoist winch is furthermore provided on which a hoist rope connected to the suspension element is supported in a windable and unwindable manner, with the hoist winch and the auxiliary winch preferably being actuable independently of one another and the suspension element and the pretension hook block thereby being liftable independently of one another. The hoist winch and the auxiliary winch are preferably actuable by a crane control.
In a further possible embodiment, a crane control is furthermore provided that is configured to control the hoist winch and the auxiliary winch synchronized such that a weight fastened to the unlocked pretension hook block is held suspended at a certain height above the ground during a lifting of the suspension element by reeling up the hoist winch and simultaneously unreeling the auxiliary winch. The height and/or alignment of the weight can be detectable by corresponding sensors and the values measured can enter into the regulation.
The total pretension procedure can thus advantageously be carried out and monitored by the crane control. The pretension process can therefore correspond to a regular crane operation, for example a monitored two-hook operation, having a hook at the suspension element as the main lift, actuated by the hoist winch, and a hook at the pretension hook block, actuated by the auxiliary winch, having a common load.
The present invention further relates to a crane, in particular to a mobile crane or crawler crane, that comprises the lifting system in accordance with the invention. Both the hoist winch and the auxiliary winch are preferably fastened to a superstructure of the crane and are independently actuable via a crane control.
The suspension element can be a hook block of the crane. Alternatively or additionally, the deflection apparatus can be a mast nose or a folding tip that can be installed at the boom tip and that preferably has at least one deflection pulley over which the auxiliary rope is guided.
The present invention furthermore relates to a pretension hook block of the lifting system in accordance with the invention. The pretension hook block here comprises an auxiliary rope fastening means for fastening the auxiliary rope of the lifting system that is preferably arranged at the lower hook block part. To fasten the auxiliary rope to the pretension hook block, it is reeved into the two hook block parts and is connected to the auxiliary rope fastening means. The same advantages and properties obviously result here as for the lifting system in accordance with the invention so that a repeat description will be dispensed with at this point. The above statements with respect to the possible embodiments of the pretension hook block therefore apply accordingly.
The present invention further relates to a method of lifting a suspension element of a crane using the lifting system in accordance with the invention, the method comprising the following steps:
The same advantages and properties obviously result here as for the lifting system in accordance with the invention so that a repeat description will be dispensed with at this point.
The first three steps can be carried out in any desired order.
Provision is made in a possible embodiment of the method that the lower hook block part is raised by reeling up the auxiliary winch and is brought together with the upper hook block part after the placing down and releasing of the weight so that the hook block parts can be locked to one another, with the locked pretension hook block subsequently preferably being released from the suspension element and being placed on the ground by unreeling the auxiliary winch. The suspension element can now, for example, be connected to a part to be dismantled at a great height and the part can be lowered to the ground. The method can subsequently be repeated so that sufficient pretension force is available fort the hoist rope on every travel of the “empty” suspension element.
The accessibility for unhooking the pretension hook block from the suspension element can be assumed as given since the load to be dismantled has to be lashed to the suspension element in the subsequent state.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment of the method that the hoist winch and the auxiliary winch are controlled synchronously or synchronized for the lift of the suspension element, in particular via a crane control of the crane, such that the weight is held at a certain height above the ground, in particular suspended, by reeling up the hoist winch and simultaneously unreeling the auxiliary winch.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment of the method that the travel of the suspension element takes place in a two-hook operation monitored by the crane control, with an automatic regulation of the hoist and auxiliary winches preferably taking place by the crane control such that the weight is held at a defined height above the ground and/or in a specific location.
A use of the system in accordance with the invention such as has been previously presented results from claim 16.
Further features, details, and advantages of the invention result from the embodiments explained in the following with reference to the Figures. There are shown:
The crane 1, that is shown in a total side view in
The superstructure 3 of the crane 1 is shown isolated in a side view in
The crane 1 furthermore has a hoist winch 14 on which a hoist rope 12 is windably and unwindably supported. As can be seen in
As is indicated in
Reference is made in the following to
The pretension hook block 10 in accordance with the invention is designed in two parts and comprises an upper hook block part 20 (upper block) and a lower hook block part 22 (lower block). A fastening means 21 via which the pretension hook block 10 can be lashed or fastened to the lifting hook 6b of the crane 1 is located at the upper side of the upper hook block part 20. A pick-up means 23 in the form of a further lifting hook to which a load or a weight 40 can be fastened is located at the lower side of the hook block part 22.
The two hook block parts 20, 22 can be locked to one another so that the pretension hook block 10 can be moved or raised as a whole (see
A sufficiently great pretension on the lifting of the suspension element can be generated on the hoist rope 4 by means of the pretension hook block 10 in accordance with the invention in combination with the auxiliary winch 14, the auxiliary rope 12, and the mast nose 16 so that said hoist rope 4 is tautly wound onto the hoist winch 5. The occurrence of tangles is thereby prevented and a good winding quality is ensured.
If the suspension element 6 is to be raised by the crane 1 without an attached load for the purpose of a dismantling of a higher component, a weight 40 is fastened to the pick-up means 23 of the lower hook block part 22 of the pretension hook block 10 fastened to the suspension element 6, as is shown in
The pulley block of the pretension hook block 10 implemented via the deflection pulleys 24, 26 and the fastening means 29 has the effect that the weight force of the weight 40 fastened to the pick-up means 23 is spread over the different strands of the hoist rope 12. Since the reeving of the auxiliary rope 12 of the pretension hook block 10 is selected with three reevings, with the first strand leading to the mast nose 16, two strands contribute to the increase of the pretension, i.e. approximately ⅔ of the ballast weight is suspended at the suspension element 6 and tension the hoist rope 4 that is reeled onto the hoist winch 5. More than three reevings of the hoist rope 12 or more than one respective deflection pulley 24, 26 can naturally be provided at the hook block parts 20, 22 here.
The two deflection pulleys 24, 26 have parallel axes of rotation. The fastening means 29 is located above the second deflection pulley 26 at the lower hook block part 22 while the pick-up means 23 is arranged beneath the second deflection pulley 26. The further deflection pulley 28 is located obliquely above the first deflection pulley 24 at the upper hook block part 20 while the fastening means 21 is arranged above the first deflection pulley 24.
As can be seen in
As can be seen in
As described above, the two hook block parts 20, 22 can be manually lockable via pins 30 (see also
The pretension hook block 10 is now unlocked or unpinned and the weight 40 is raised slightly by actuation of the hoist winch 5 and the auxiliary winch 14 (see
Once the suspension element 6 has been pulled up completely, i.e. up to the desired height, via the hoist rope 4 by means of the hoist winch 5 (see
The lower hook part 22 is subsequently pulled up by reeling up the auxiliary winch 14 and is guided to the upper hook block part 20. Once the hook block parts 20, 22 are in their locked position, they can be pinned together (or an automatic locking takes place as explained above). This can take place from the elevated position where the load to be conveyed or to be placed down also has to be taken up.
The pretension hook block 10 can now be unhooked from the suspension element 6 of the crane 1 (see
The weight 40 that is raised from the ground 9 and that has the result that the total pretensioning process can be monitored by the control of the crane 1 is advantageous in this method. The pretensioning process corresponds to regular crane operation. It is in this case a monitored two-hook operation having a hook 6b as the main travel at the main or hoist winch 5 and having a hook 23 at the auxiliary winch 14 via the mast nose 16 having a common load.
In this solution, no conversion work is necessary at the crane 1 that would require a separate static observation. Furthermore, no auxiliary vehicle has to be used for the application of the pretension. The auxiliary winch 14 for the auxiliary travel and the short mast nose 16 form part of the standard equipment with many lattice mast cranes and also with large telescopic cranes. The crane 1 can additionally be rotated and/or traveled during the pretensioning process, which is not possible with a solution having an auxiliary vehicle and/or an auxiliary winch placed on the ground.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102021113314.9 | May 2021 | DE | national |
