BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to ligature mitigation drains.
2. Background
Drains are commonly installed in the floors of rooms of buildings which utilize liquids, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and showers, in order remove water from the floor surface and to avoid damage and injury to persons utilizing these rooms. In certain buildings, such as prisons, mental health facilities, and medical institutions, individuals may attempt to utilize these drains as an anchor point, or tie-off, to connect a string, cord, wire, etc. (a ligature device) in an attempt to commit self-harm, a known issue which unfortunately often results in the loss of numerous human lives every year. Drains can be weaponized in this way when the ligature device is drawn through a first opening in the drain, around secure portions of the drain, and then back through a second opening in the drain (openings which would normally allow fluid to enter the drain). As such, a drain which mitigates the ability of an individual to attach a ligature device and can be retrofitted into existing drain bodies or installed in new installations is desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates, in one embodiment, to an anti-ligature drain which comprises an outer ring, an inner ring, a termination ring, and a washer covering the bottom of the inner ring and the termination ring. The outer ring surrounds the inner ring, and the inner ring surrounds the termination ring and the outer ring further comprises at least two extensions extending toward and touching the inside ring and the inner ring further comprises at least two extensions extending toward and touching the termination ring. A space between the outer ring and the inner ring defines an outer opening surrounding the inner ring through which fluid can enter the drain and exit through the bottom thereof, while a space between the inner ring and the termination ring defines an inner opening surrounding the termination ring, which is also configured to allow fluid to enter the drain and exit through the bottom thereof. The top surface of the outer ring, inner ring, and termination ring are flush with one another. In one aspect of the invention, the outer opening and the inner opening are different distances.
The invention relates, in another embodiment, to an anti-ligature drain which comprises an outer ring, an inner ring, a termination ring, and a castle nut configured to secure to a drain body. The termination ring is located inside the inner ring, the inner ring is located inside the outer ring, and the top surface of the termination ring of the inner, outer, and termination rings flush with one another. The outer ring attaches to the castle nut. The castle nut may further comprise threading configured to thread into a drain body, thereby allowing the drain to be retrofit to an existing drain body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a section view of an embodiment of the present invention taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of outer ring 102, inner ring 104 and termination ring 106;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of an embodiment of outer ring 102;
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of an embodiment of inner ring 104;
FIG. 7 is a bottom perspective view of an embodiment of termination ring 106;
FIG. 8 is a bottom view of an embodiment of outer ring 102, inner ring 104, and termination ring 106 stacked on top of each other before being press fit together;
FIG. 9 is a bottom perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a front view of an embodiment of castle nut wrench 220;
FIG. 12 is a front view an embodiment of thread key 300;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged detail indicated by line 13-13 of FIG. 12; and
FIG. 14 is an enlarged detail indicated by line 14-14 of FIG. 12.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For the following defined terms, these definitions shall be applied, unless a different definition is given in the claims or elsewhere in this specification. All numeric values are herein assumed to be modified by the term “about,” whether or not explicitly indicated. The term “about,” in the context of numeric values, generally refers to a range of numbers that one of skill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited value (e.g., having the same function or result). In many instances, the term “about” may include numbers that are rounded to the nearest significant figure. Other uses of the term “about” (e.g., in a context other than numeric values) may be assumed to have their ordinary and customary definition(s), as understood from and consistent with the context of the specification, unless otherwise specified.
Although some suitable dimensions, ranges, and/or values pertaining to various components, features and/or specifications are disclosed, one of skill in the art, incited by the present disclosure, would understand desired dimensions, ranges, and/or values may deviate from those expressly disclosed.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It is to be noted that in order to facilitate understanding, certain features of the disclosure may be described in the singular, even though those features may be plural or recurring within the disclosed embodiment(s). Each instance of the features may include and/or be encompassed by the singular disclosure(s), unless expressly stated to the contrary.
A ligature mitigation drain will now be described with references in FIGS. 1-14. Turning to the drawings, where the reference characters indicate corresponding elements throughout the several figures, attention is first directed to FIG. 1 where a top perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention is shown, illustrating its composition and the apparatus is generally indicated by reference character 100. Ligature mitigation drain 100 comprises an outer ring 102, inner ring 104 and termination ring 106. Termination ring 106 is located inside of inner ring 104 and inner ring 104 is located inside of outer ring 102, and configured so the top surface of each ring is flush with one another. Further, outer ring 102 and inner ring 104 are configured to create at an outer opening or gap 130 around inner ring 104, which allows water or other such liquid to travel into said outer opening 130, through drain 100, and out the bottom of drain 100 into a drainpipe. Further, inner ring 104 and termination ring 106 are configured to create an inner opening or gap 132 around termination ring 106, which provides additional drainage capability of drain 100. Individually, outer opening 130 and inner opening 132 each allow liquid flow at rate of at least 2.5 gallons-per-minute (gpm), or 5 gpm combined, in order to meet building code requirements in many states, even if one of the openings is clogged with debris. If desired, termination ring 106 may further comprise termination opening 134 formed therethrough(and centrally located in the current embodiment) to provide additional drainage. In part, termination ring 106 is secured to inner ring 104 by an interference or transition fit and inner ring 104 is secured to outer ring 102 by an interference or transition fit, that is, all three rings are press fit together (see 13 also FIG. 8).
Turning to FIG. 2, a cross section of an embodiment of the present invention along line 2-2 of FIG. 1 is shown. Outer ring 102 further comprises at least one first post opening 110 formed therethrough the side of outer ring 102 of which a post 116 is secured through by an interference or transition fit. Inner ring 104 further comprises at least one second post opening 120 formed therethrough. Termination ring 106 also further comprises at least one third post opening 122 formed therein and located in-line with a second post opening 120 of inner ring 104 and also in-line with a first post opening 110 of outer ring 102, enabling post 116 to extend through first post opening 110, second post opening 120, and third post opening 122, thereby further securing outer ring 102, inner ring 104 and termination ring 106 together and maintaining the top surface of each ring remains in-line with one another. In the current embodiment there are 3 first post openings 110, 3 second post openings 120, and 3 third post openings 122. Each first post opening 110 in outer ring 102 is in the side of the ring (first cylindrical base 160 described below), located along the perimeter thereof and each is located equidistant from at least one other first post opening 110. Likewise, each second post opening 120 on inner ring 104 is in the side of the ring (second cylindrical base 164 described below), located along the perimeter of the ring and located equidistant from at least one other second post opening 120. In addition, each third post opening 122 on termination ring 106 is on the side of the ring (second ridge 180 described below), located along the perimeter of the ring and positioned equidistant from at least one other third post opening 122.
Outer ring 102 further comprises at least one extension 124, preferably 3, each located in-line with a first post opening 110 (first post opening 110 is formed through extension 124, see FIGS. 3-4), wherein each extension 124 extends from the inner perimeter of outer ring 102 toward inner ring 104, ultimately touching the exterior of inner ring 104, ideally creating an interference or transition fit with inner ring 104. Each extension 124 along with the interior perimeter of outer ring 106 and exterior perimeter of inner ring 104 create each outer opening 130, thereby allowing liquid drainage through outer opening 130. Likewise, Inner ring 104 further comprises at least one extension 126 (see FIG. 5) located in-line with second post opening 120 (second post opening 120 is formed through extension 126) and extends from the inner perimeter of inner ring 104 toward termination ring 106, ultimately touching termination ring 106, ideally creating an interference or transition fit. Each extension 126 along with the interior perimeter of inner ring 104 and exterior perimeter of termination ring 106 define inner opening 132, thereby allowing additional liquid drainage. As mentioned earlier, drain 100 is secured together by post 116. Post 116 extends through a first post opening 110 in outer ring 102, through outer ring 102, extension 124, second post opening 120, inner ring 104, extension 126, into third post opening 122 (and thus into termination ring 106). Post can be secured by known methods including interference fit, interference fit, or adhesive. Post 116 could also be a screw with the first post opening 110, second post opening 120, and third post opening 122 it extends through being threaded to operate with said screw threads. Outer ring 102, inner ring 104, and termination ring 106 may be made of any rigid or semi-rigid materials like plastic or metal, such as aluminum, copper, or stainless steel (or a composition of multiple materials).
Turning back to FIG. 1, outer ring 102 further comprises at least one countersunk first aperture 108 formed therethrough the top surface of outer ring 102. In the preferred embodiment three countersunk first apertures 108 are formed in outer ring 102 which allow a screw (shown in FIG. 9 as element 118) to secure drain 100 to a drain body 210 via castle nut 200(see FIG. 10). In the preferred embodiment there are 3 countersunk first apertures 108 configured in a triangular pattern through the top surface of outer ring 102 and each located between an extension 124 (3 in the current embodiment). Outer ring 102 further comprises a first cylindrical base 160 which further comprises at least one flat section 162 located along the outer perimeter of first cylindrical base 160 where each first post opening 110 is formed. Outer ring 102 further comprises lip 158 surrounding the top face and extending perpendicular to and away from first cylindrical base 160 and configured to allow the top face of outer ring 102 to lie flush with the top face of the surface surrounding drain body 210.
Turning to FIGS. 3 and 4, an exploded view and a side view of an embodiment of outer ring 102, inner ring 104 and termination ring 106 is shown. Outer ring 102 further comprises second aperture 150 formed therethrough and centrally located in outer ring 102. Inner ring 104 further comprises third aperture 152 formed therethrough, wherein third aperture 152 is centrally located in inner ring 104. In the present embodiment second aperture 150 of outer ring 102 and third aperture 152 of inner ring 104 and termination ring 106 are all hexagon shaped of different sizes but they may all comprise other shapes desired including but not limited to circular, square, rectangular and octagonal.
Turning to FIG. 5, a bottom view of an embodiment of outer ring 102 is shown, wherein outer ring 102 further comprises a profile 166 extending from the inside wall of first cylindrical base 160 and extending to second aperture 150. Profile 166 may be angular or curvilinear and at least partially surrounds each extension 124 and each countersunk first aperture 108. Each extension 124 extends from the bottom of the inside wall of first cylindrical base 160 to the top of profile 166, where it blends into profile 166. Turning back to FIG. 3, inner ring 104 further comprises a top face 170 surrounding third aperture 152 and connected to a first tapered portion 154 surrounding the perimeter of top face 170 and extending downward at an angle to a first ridge 172. First tapered portion 154 extends preferably at a 60 degree angle in respect to top face 170, but any angle between 0 and 90 could be utilized if desired. First ridge 172 is ideally circular and extends around first tapered portion 154, and extends perpendicular to and away from inner ring 104. First ridge 172 further comprises at least one flat surface 174 where each second post opening 120 is located. Each flat surface 174 touches a corresponding extension 124 of outer ring 102 to create an interference or transition fit of inner ring 104 with outer ring 102. Inner ring 104 further comprises a second cylindrical base 164 which extends from, and perpendicular to, first ridge 172 perpendicular. Second cylindrical base 164 is a smaller diameter than first tapered portion 154.
Turning to FIG. 6, a bottom view of an embodiment of inner ring 104 is shown (at least one first post opening 110 is not shown). Inner ring 104 further comprises a profile 176 extending from the inside wall of first ridge 172 and extending to third aperture 152. Profile 176 may be angular or curvilinear and partially surrounds each extension 126. Each extension 126 extends from the bottom of the inside wall of second cylindrical base 164 to the top of profile 176, where it blends into profile 176.
Turning back to FIGS. 3-4, termination ring 106 further comprises a top face 178 surrounding termination opening 134 and is connected to a second tapered portion 156 surrounding the perimeter top face 178 and extending downward at an angle to a second ridge 180. Second tapered portion 156 extends preferably at a 60 degree angle in respect to top face 178, but any angle between 0 and 90 could be utilized if desired. Second ridge 180 is ideally hexagon shaped (or a matching shape to that of third aperture 152 is) with rounded corners and extends around second tapered portion 156. Second ridge 180 further comprises at least one flat surface 182 where each third post opening 122 is located. Each flat surface 182 touches a corresponding extension 126 of inner ring 104 to create an interference or transition fit of termination ring 106 with inner ring 104. The angles of first ridge 172 and second ridge 180 further prevent a person from looking into the drain to determine whether they can create an anchor point, making it more difficult to utilize drain 100 for potential self-harm.
Turning to FIG. 7, a bottom perspective view of an embodiment of termination ring 106 is shown (at least one third post opening 122 is not shown). Termination ring 106 further comprises a cylindrical base 184 which extends from second ridge 180 perpendicular to and away from top face 178 and is smaller in diameter than second ridge 180. Cylindrical base 184 further comprises at least one rivet 114 extending from the bottom thereof and configured to secure a washer 112 (see FIG. 3) to drain 100. Termination ring 106 is taller than outer ring 102 and about the same height as inner ring 104.
As mentioned earlier, inner ring 104 is configured to secure inside outer ring 102 wherein second aperture 150 of outer ring 102 and first tapered portion 154 of inner ring 104 define and create outer opening 130. Further, termination ring 106 is configured to secure inside inner ring 104 wherein second tapered portion 156 of termination ring 106 and third aperture 152 of inner ring 104 define and create inner opening 132. Turning to FIG. 8, a bottom view of an embodiment of outer ring 102, inner ring 104, and termination ring 106 stacked on top of each other before being press fit together is shown, illustrating how each ring fits together.
Turning to FIG. 9, a bottom perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Drain 100 further comprises a washer 112 and at least one rivet 114, wherein rivet 114 secures washer 112 to termination ring 106 and puts washer 112 in communication with base 164 of inner ring 104. Washer 112 makes it more difficult for a person to pick drain 100 or wedge material around inner ring 104 or termination ring 106 of drain 100 (via outer opening 130, inner opening 132, or termination opening 134) to create an anchor point for self-harm. Washer 112 is circular in shape with a diameter at least equal to that of the bottom diameter of inner ring 104 and comprises at least one fourth aperture 140 formed therethrough, preferably 3. Each fourth aperture 140 is curvilinear in shape and configured to order to allow liquid to flow through washer 112 via inner opening 132. In addition, washer 112 may further comprise a central aperture 142 formed therethrough and centrally located in washer 112 may also be present in order to allow additional liquid drainage via termination opening 134. Further, each fourth aperture 140 is located equidistant between the outer edge of washer 112 and the outer edge of central aperture 142 and arranged around central aperture 142 but could be located in any desired location. In the preferred embodiment two rivets 114 are used to secure washer 112 to termination ring 106 and are located in-line with one another and on either side of central aperture 142.
Drain 100 prevents ligature device attachment in multiple ways, the first is through outer opening 130. Initially, first tapered portion 154 of inner ring 104 guides a ligature device fed into the top of outer opening 130 away from inner opening 132 or termination opening 134, first tapered portion 154 obscures a user's view when looking down into drain 100, and inner ring 104 is taller (or thicker) than inner ring 102, thus making it more difficult for a user to feed the ligature device back through inner opening 132, termination opening 134, or an opposing section of outer opening 130 in an attempt to utilize inner ring 104 or termination ring 106 as an anchor point. In addition, feeding a ligature device through inner opening 132 is also thwarted for a few reasons. First, washer 112 blocks and obfuscates a ligature device from threading down or up through washer 112 out of or into inner opening 132. Second, second tapered portion 156 guides a ligature device away from termination opening 134 and into the bottom of washer 112 (a dead end), thereby effectively stopping the ligature device from any traveling further and pooling or curling around washer 112. Third, second tapered portion 156 acts as a visual block to a user trying to understand where outer inner opening 132 may lead. Effectively, outer opening 130 extends a first distance, inner opening 132 extends a second distance, and termination opening 134 extends a third distance, where which each distance is a different amount, greatly reducing or eliminating the ability of a user to use drain 100 as an anchor point for a ligature device as ligature devices like a rope/etc. will not hold its shape enough to snake through openings of different heights easily.
Turning to FIG. 10, an exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Drain 100 may further comprise a castle nut 200 which is cylindrical in shape and includes threading 208 configured to allow castle nut 200 to screw into the interior threads 212 of a drain body 210, which may already be installed in a surface and connected to a drainpipe 214. Castle nut 200 is configured to operate with common sizes of drainpipe, such as 2 inch diameter, however any size could be made as desired to operate with a specific drain. Castle nut 200 further comprises at least two notches 206 formed along the top edge of nut 200, and configured to receive a castle nut wrench (see FIG. 11), which allows castle nut 200 to be screwed into a drain body 210. It is preferable that castle nut 200 is screwed into drain body 210 to a depth that allows the top surface of drain 100 to lie flush with the top surface of drain body 210, creating a watertight seal with drain body 210. Castle nut 200 can be configured to screw into virtually any drain body, such as for example an Oatey® 140 Series or Ferguson® PF-140NC branded body. Castle nut 200 further comprises at least one flange 202 with a threaded opening 204 formed therethrough and configured to align with a countersunk first aperture 108 of outer ring 102, thereby allowing outer ring 102, inner ring 104 and termination ring 106 to attach to castle nut 200. Once castle nut 200 is secured in drain body 210, then outer ring 102, inner ring 104 and termination ring 106 (already assembled together) can be secured to castle nut 200 (and thus secured to drain body 210) by lining up each countersunk first aperture 108 with a threaded opening 204 and fastening a screw 118 through each first aperture 108 and opening 204 combination. It is preferable to utilize tamper resistant screws, such as security or star shaped screws. Once each screw 118 is tightened, the threads 208 of castle nut and the threads 212 of drain body opening 204 are further forced to touch thereby creating a tighter seal and requiring a greater amount of torque to unscrew drain 100 (in addition to a special shaped screwdriver), making it more difficult to tamper with drain 100 for ligature device attachment.
Turning to FIG. 11, a front view of an embodiment of castle nut wrench 220 is shown. Castle nut wrench 220 comprises a rectangular body with a protrusion 224 extending from each end, wherein each protrusion is configured to connect with a notch 206 of castle nut 200. Wrench 220 allows a person to rotate castle nut 200 to secure it into a drain body 210 with internal threading 212. Further, wrench 220 may further comprise orifice 222 formed therethrough and configured to receive a flathead screwdriver, or similar, to more easily allow a person to install or un-install castle nut 200 from drain body 210.
Turning to FIG. 12, a front view of an embodiment of thread key 300 is shown. Thread key 300 is used to determine the thread type, fine thread or coarse thread, of threads 212 of a drain body 210 that is already installed to a drainpipe 214. Once the thread type of a drain body 210 is known, castle nut 200 can be configured with the matching/compatible fine or coarse thread type of drain body drain body 210 threading 212 so castle nut 200(and thus drain 100) can be retrofitted into an existing drain body 210. Thread key 300 is generally rectangular in shape and comprises a first end 312, a second end 314, a first side 316 and a second side 318. First side 316 further comprises at least one first tooth 306 and at least one fine space 320 located on at least one side of each first tooth 306 wherein each first tooth 306 is configured to fit in-between the threads 208 of a drain body 210 when threads 208 are fine. The at least one first tooth 306 is triangular shaped and may be cut into first side 316. Turning to FIG. 13, an enlarged detail indicated by line 13-13 of FIG. 12 is shown. Each fine space 320 from one side of first tooth 306 to the adjoining side of a second first tooth 306 which defines space 320 is about 60 degrees. In the current embodiment there are ten (10) first teeth 306 located adjacent to first end 312 located in-line along first side 316, but any number of first teeth and fine spaces may be utilized. Thread key 300 also comprises a symbol 308 located on at least one face of thread key 300 which indicate that at least one first tooth 306 and at least one fine space 320 are configured to align with a fine thread. In the current embodiment symbol 308 is the letter “F”. Second side 318 further comprises at least one second tooth 302 and at least one coarse space 322 located on at least one side of each second tooth 302 wherein second tooth 302 is configured to fit in-between the threads 208 of a drain body 210 when threads 208 are coarse. At least one second tooth 306 is trapezoidal shaped and may be cut into second side 318. Turning to FIG. 14, is an enlarged detail indicated by line 14-14 of FIG. 12 is shown. Each coarse space 322 from one angled side of second tooth 302 to the adjoining side of a neighboring second tooth 302 which defines space 322 is about 29 degrees. In the current embodiment there are seven (7) second teeth 302 located adjacent to first end 312 located in-line along second side 318, but any number of first teeth and fine spaces may be utilized. Thread key 300 also comprises a symbol 304 located on at least one face of thread key 300 which indicate that at least one second tooth 302 and at least one fine space 322 are configured to align with a coarse thread. In the current embodiment symbol 304 is the letter “C”. Thread key 300 may further comprise a passage 310 formed therethrough and centrally located near second end 314, configured to allow secure thread key 300 to a structure, such as a keyring. Thread key 300, wrench 220, post 116, castle nut 200, and washer 112 may be made of any rigid or semi-rigid materials like plastic or metal, such as aluminum, copper, or stainless steel. Likewise, post 116, castle nut 200, and washer 112 may also be made of an
A method for installing a drain comprises the steps of: determining the thread type of a drain body, screwing a castle nut with a matching thread type into the drain body, placing a drain on top of the drain body, extending a fastener through the at least one opening in the outer ring of the drain and the at least one opening in the castle nut, and tightening the fastener to secure the drain and castle nut together so the top surface of the drain and the top surface of the drain body are flush. In addition, the step of determining the thread type of a drain body may further comprise using a thread key to determine if a drain body is a coarse or fine thread type.
While the present invention has been described above in terms of specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to mind of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains, and which are intended to be and are covered by both this disclosure and the appended claims. It is indeed intended that the scope of the invention should be determined by proper interpretation and construction of the appended claims and their legal equivalents, as understood by those of skill in the art relying upon the disclosure in this specification and the attached drawings.
Patent Application
20230081504
