1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to the field of lighting and signal processing, and more specifically to a system and method of time division light output sensing and adjustment for different spectra light emitting diodes.
2. Description of the Related Art
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming particularly attractive as main stream light sources in part because of energy savings through high efficiency light output and environmental incentives, such as the reduction of mercury. LEDs are a type of semiconductor devices and are driven by direct current. The brightness (i.e. luminous intensity) of the LED approximately varies in direct proportion to the current flowing through the LED. Thus, increasing current supplied to an LED increases the intensity of the LED and decreasing current supplied to the LED dims the LED. Current can be modified by either directly reducing the direct current level to the LEDs or by reducing the average current through duty cycle modulation.
Lamp 102 receives an alternating current (AC) voltage VAC
Lighting system 100 includes a power control system 122 that includes controller 124 to control power provided to light source 104 and, thus, control the brightness of artificial light 110 generated by light source 104. Controller 124 generates control signal CS0 and provides control signal CS0 to lamp driver 126 to control power delivered by lamp driver 126 to light source 104. The particular configuration of lamp driver 126 is a matter of design choice and, in part, depends upon the configuration of light source 104. Light source 104 can be any type of light source, such as an incandescent, fluorescent, or LED based source. Lamp driver 126 provides power to light source 104 in accordance with control signal CS0.
Ambient light sensor 112 generates sense signal SEN1. Sense signal SEN1 indicates the brightness of ambient light. Controller 124 causes lamp driver 126 to increase or decrease the brightness of artificial light 110 if the ambient light is respectively too low or too high.
Light harvesting by lighting system 100 does not accurately account for the brightness of light 110 because the ambient light sensed by ambient light sensor 112 includes a contribution by artificial light 110.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus includes a controller configured to couple to a sensor and a first light emitting diode (LED) of a lamp. The controller is further configured to reduce power to a first light emitting diode (LED) coupled to the controller and receive a signal from a sensor indicating a brightness of light received by the sensor while the power to the first LED is reduced. The controller is also configured to adjust the brightness of the first LED in accordance with a brightness related target value.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus includes a lamp having at least a first light emitting diode (LED). The apparatus also includes a sensor to sense brightness of received light. The apparatus further includes a controller coupled to the lamp and the sensor. The controller is configured to reduce power to the first LED and receive a signal from the sensor indicating the brightness of light received by the sensor while the power to the first LED is reduced. The controller is further configured to adjust the brightness of the first LED in accordance with a brightness related target value.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, a method for light harvesting includes reducing power to a first light emitting diode (LED). The method further includes receiving a signal indicating a brightness of light while the power to the first LED is reduced and adjusting the brightness of the first LED in accordance with a brightness related target value.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for light harvesting includes means for reduce power to a first light emitting diode (LED). The apparatus further includes means for receiving a signal indicating a brightness of light while the power to the first LED is reduced and means for adjusting the brightness of the first LED in accordance with a brightness related target value.
The present invention may be better understood, and its numerous objects, features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings. The use of the same reference number throughout the several figures designates a like or similar element.
In at least one embodiment, a lighting system includes time division light output sensing and adjustment for ambient light. In at least one embodiment, time division light output sensing involves modulating power to a set of LEDs, and the set of LEDs includes one or more LEDs. In at least one embodiment, each LED in the LED set is included in a single lamp, and, in at least one embodiment, the set of LEDs are contained in multiple lamps. In at least one embodiment, for each lamp, a controller modulates power to the LED set by selectively reducing current to the LED set using time division algorithm to allow a light sensor to sense the brightness of ambient light with a reduced contribution from the LED set. In at least one embodiment, power can be reduced to zero by reducing the current to zero, thus, turning each LED in the lamp “off” or can be reduced to a value greater than zero. In at least one embodiment, the controller compares the determined brightness of the ambient light against a target value for brightness and adjusts the brightness of the light emitted by the LED set to meet the target values.
In at least one embodiment, power modulation to multiple lamps is synchronized so that light from multiple lamps using one or more LEDs as a light source (referred to herein as “LED lamps”) is reduced to allow one or more light sensors to sense ambient light with reduced (including eliminated) contribution by the LED lamps. The human eye generally takes 1-10 milliseconds (ms) to sense changes in light brightness. Light sensors can sense changes in light brightness in less than 1 ms. Thus, in at least one embodiment, current is reduced to the LEDs for 1 ms or less to allow the light sensor to sense ambient light without noticeable effect to the human eye.
In at least one embodiment, for lighting systems with multiple LEDs, in addition to sensing ambient light, a lighting system includes time division light output sensing and brightness adjustment for different spectra light emitting diodes (LEDs). In at least one embodiment, brightness of light emitted from multiple LEDs is adjusted by modifying power to subgroups of the multiple LEDs during different times and detecting the brightness of the LEDs during the reductions of power. In at least one embodiment, once the brightness of the LEDs are determined, a controller determines if the brightness meet target brightness values, and, if not, the controller adjusts each LED with the goal meet the target brightness values. In at least one embodiment, a process of modifying power to the subgroups of multiple LEDs over time and adjusting the brightness of the LEDs is referred as “time division and light output sensing and adjusting. Thus, in at least one embodiment, a lighting system includes time division light output sensing and adjustment for different spectrum light emitting diodes (LEDs).
In at least one embodiment, an LED set is a set of one or more LEDs whose brightness is collectively adjusted. For example, a first LED set could include four red LEDs, and a second LED set could include three blue LEDs. The brightness of each LED set can be collectively determined and adjusted. In at least one embodiment, time division light output sensing involves modulating power over time, e.g. changing current over time, to multiple LEDs to different subgroups of the LEDs. The number of LEDs in each subgroup is a matter of design choice and can be a single LED.
In at least one embodiment, a controller performs time division power modulation of the LEDs by modulating power to the LEDs by selectively reducing power for a limited duration of time to a subgroup of one or more LEDs having a spectrum of interest and repeating power reductions for each LED set having spectrums of interest using a time division algorithm. The time division power modulation allows the controller to determine a relative contribution to the brightness of the light received by one or more sensors for each LED set. In at least one embodiment, a controller correlates the different brightness of received light sensed during different times in accordance with the time division power modulation of the LEDs to determine the brightness of individual sets of LEDs. In at least one embodiment, a controller compares the determined brightness of individual sets of LEDs against target values and adjusts the brightness of the light emitted by the LEDs to meet the target values.
In at least one embodiment, the spectrum of light emitted by the LEDs is a matter of design choice. In at least one embodiment, the LEDs represent at least two different spectra. In at least one embodiment, the one or more sensors are photosensitive transistors and are calibrated to compensate for one or more variations in operating characteristics due to factors such as increasing operating temperatures.
Light sensor 218 senses the brightness of light reaching light sensor 218 and generates a sense signal SENAL. Sense signal SENAL represents the brightness of light sensed by light sensor 218. Light sensor 218 provides the sense signal SENAL to controller 210. As subsequently described in more detail, in at least one embodiment, controller 210 utilizes sense signal SENAL to adjust the brightness of LED set 202. Light sensor 218 can be any type of light sensor. In at least one embodiment, light sensor 218 is a phototransistor or photodiode based light sensor that can sense the brightness of light received by the light sensor 218 in 1 ms or less. Lamp user interface 220 is an optional component of lighting system 200 that provides a target parameter to controller 210 to set the value of target data for adjusting the brightness of LED set 202. In at least one embodiment, lamp user interface 220 is an integrated part of lamp 206. The physical disposition of power control system 208, LED set 202, and light source 218 is a matter of design choice. In at least one embodiment, lamp 206 encloses power control system 208, LED set 202, and light sensor 218. In at least one embodiment, lamp 206 includes a diffuser at the base lamp 206 to soften and mix light provided by LED set 202. Light sensor 218 can be any type of light sensor that can produce sense signal SENAL. In at least one embodiment, light sensor 218 is a photo-diode or photo-transistor based light sensor.
Referring to
In operation 302, between times t1 and t2, light sensor 218 senses ambient light 204 received by light sensor 218 and generates sense signal SENAL as indicated in the ambient light sensing timeline 404. Light sensor 218 provides sense signal SENAL to controller 206. After receiving sense signal SENAL, in operation 304, controller 210 compares the value of ambient light represented by sense signal SENAL to target data. The target data is set so that a comparison of the target data with the ambient light value indicates whether controller 210 should adjust the LED drive current iLED
The brightness level of natural light plus artificial light represented in the target data can be stored in a memory (not shown) accessible to controller 210 or can be communicated to controller 210. In at least one embodiment, lamp user interface 220 is a manual entry device that allows a user to set target data representing a desired brightness level of natural light plus artificial light. For example, in at least one embodiment, lamp user interface 220 is a digital device that allows the user to enter a setting corresponding to the desired brightness level. In at least one embodiment, lamp user interface 220 is a potentiometer having a resistance that indicates a desired brightness level. In at least one embodiment, the brightness level is received via a separate wired or wireless connection from a remote input device (not shown), such as a dimmer or a remotely located lamp user interface 220. In at least one embodiment, the connection is dedicated for communication with lamp 206. In at least one embodiment, a dimmer signal is received via terminals 222 and 224, and controller 210 interrupts a dimming level indicated by the dimmer signal as a brightness level for the target data. The dimmer signal can be any type of dimmer signal, such as a phase modified signal from a conventional triac based dimmer.
In operation 306, controller 210 adjusts LED current iLED
Operation 308 stops time division algorithm 300 until a time to perform operation 310 and repeat operations 302-308 is reached. The frequency of repeating time division algorithm 300 is a matter of design choice. In at least one embodiment, time division algorithm 300 is repeated every second. In at least one embodiment, time division algorithm 300 is repeated often enough to sense changes in the ambient light and changes in the brightness of LED set 202 so that the adjustments to the brightness of light emitted from LED set 202 is virtually imperceptible to a human eye. In at least one embodiment, time division algorithm 300 is repeated in multiples of 8.3 ms or 10 ms, which represent respective periods of rectified 60 Hz and 50 Hz public utility supply voltages.
In operation 310, at time t4 of
Controller 210 generates control signal CS1 in any of a variety of ways. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/864,366, entitled “Time-Based Control of a System having Integration Response,” inventor John L. Melanson, and filed on Sep. 28, 2007 describes an exemplary system and method for generating a control signal which can be used for driving current for an LED. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/864,366 is referred to herein as “Melanson II” and is incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/415,830, entitled “Primary-Side Based Control Of Secondary-Side Current For An Isolation Transformer,” inventor John L. Melanson, and filed on Mar. 31, 2009 also describes an exemplary system and method for generating a control signal which can be used for driving current for an LED. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/415,830 is referred to herein as “Melanson III” and is incorporated by reference in its entirety. In at least one embodiment, controller 210 is implemented and generates control signal CS1 in the same manner as the generation of a control signal described in Melanson II or Melanson III with the exception of the operation of time division module 214 as subsequently described. In at least one embodiment, controller 210 controls the LED drive current iLED1 using linear current control.
In addition to light harvesting, in at least one embodiment, lighting system 800 includes time division light output sensing and adjustment for different spectra light emitting diodes. Lighting system 800 includes a power control system 802 that, in at least one embodiment, receives power from power source 216.
In at least one embodiment, each LED in an LED set 808 has approximately the same light spectrum. The particular spectrum is a matter of design choice and includes red, blue, amber, green, blue-green, and white.
Lighting system 800 includes a light sensor 814 to sense the brightness of light received by light sensor 814. In at least one embodiment, light sensor 814 is a single, broad spectrum light sensor that senses all the spectra of light emitted by LED sets 808.0-808.N. The physical location of light sensor 814 is a matter of design choice.
Controller 806 includes time division module 812 to, for example, selectively modulate power to LED sets 808.0-808.N to allow controller 806 to determine the brightness of at least two of the LED sets 808.0-808.N. In at least one embodiment, controller 806 decreases power to LED sets 808.0-808.N in accordance with a time division algorithm that allows controller 806 to determine the brightness of light 816 emitted from at least two of the LED sets 808.0-808.N. The controller 806 decreases power to different subgroups of the LED sets to allow the controller to determine the brightness of individual LED sets. Embodiments of the time division algorithm are discussed in more detail below.
The particular implementation of controller 806 is a matter of design choice. Controller 806 can be implemented using digital, analog, or digital and analog technology. In at least one embodiment, controller 806 is fabricated as an integrated circuit. In at least one embodiment, controller 806 includes a processor and algorithms performed by controller 806 are implemented in code and executed by the processor. The code can be stored in a memory (not shown) included in controller 806 or accessible to controller 806.
Lighting system 900 also includes a light sensor 920 to sense incoming light 922 from LEDs 904, 906, and 908 and ambient light 923 and generate a sense signal SEN1. Ambient light 923 represents light that is received by light sensor 920 but not generated by LEDs 904, 906, and 908. In at least one embodiment, ambient light 923 represents light from other artificial light sources or natural light such as sunlight. In at least one embodiment, light sensor 314 is a broad spectrum sensor that senses light 922 from LEDs 904, 906, and 908 and senses ambient light 923.
The human eye generally cannot perceive a reduction in brightness from a light source if the reduction has a duration of 1 millisecond (ms) or less. Thus, in at least one embodiment, power, and thus, brightness, is reduced to LEDs 904, 906, and 908 in accordance with a time division power modulation algorithm for 1 ms or less, and light sensor 920 senses light whose brightness is reduced for 1 ms or less and generates sense signal SEN1 to indicate the brightness of light 922 received by light sensor 920. In at least one embodiment, light sensor 920 is any commercially available photosensitive transistor-based or diode-based light sensor that can detect brightness of light and generate sense signal SEN1. The particular light sensor 920 is a matter of design choice. Controller 912 includes a time division module 924. As subsequently explained in more detail, time division module 924 in conjunction with LED drivers 914, 916, and 918 selectively modulates drive currents iLED
Referring to
As previously discussed, the human eye generally cannot perceive a reduction in brightness from a light source if the reduction has a duration of 1 millisecond (ms) or less. Thus, in at least one embodiment, each time division of power to LEDs 904, 906, and 908 as indicated by the LED drive current reduction times t0-t1, t2-t3, t4-t5, and t6-t7 in time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 has a duration of 1 ms or less so that turning LEDs 904, 906, and 908 “off” and “on” during time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 is imperceptible to a human.
In operation 1010, controller 912 compares values of the sense signal to values of target data. The target data includes a target brightness value for sense signal SEN1 in which the target brightness value is representative of a target brightness for the combination of the ambient light and light emitted from the blue LED 908. In operation 1012, controller 912 adjusts the LED drive current iLED
Controller 912 adjusts the drive current iLED
In operation 1014, controller 912 determines if operations 1006-1012 have been completed for all LEDs 904, 906, and 908. If not, the time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 returns to operation 1006 and repeats operations 1006-1012 for the next LED. In the currently described embodiment, in operation 1006, time division module 924 reduces drive currents iLED
The frequency of repeating time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 is a matter of design choice and can be, for example, on the order of one or more seconds, one or more minutes, one or more hours, or one or more days. In at least one embodiment, time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 is repeated every second. In at least one embodiment, time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 is repeated often enough to sense changes in the ambient light and changes in the brightness of LEDs 904, 906, and 908 so that the brightness of light 926 exiting diffuser 928 is a constant or at least approximately constant value. Additionally, the timing between each period of power modulation, e.g. between times t1 and t2, t3 and t4, and so on is a matter of design choice. The particular choice is, for example, long enough to perform operations 1006-1014 for an LED before repeating operations 1006-1014 for the next LED.
In at least one embodiment, the brightness of only a subset of LEDs 904, 906, and 908 are considered during operations 1006-1012. For example, if the red LED 904 is assumed to maintain a relatively constant brightness over time, then the modulation of power of LEDs 906 and 908 between times t6 and t7 in operation 1006 and subsequent processing in operations 1008-1012 for LED 904 is not performed. Additionally, the amount of power reduction to LEDs 904, 906, and 908 in time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 is a matter of design choice. Interspacing time division 1100 depicts drive currents iLED
In at least one embodiment, LEDs 904, 906, and/or 908 each represent a single LED. In at least one embodiment, one, two, or all of LEDs 904, 906, and 908 represent a set of LEDs that includes multiple LEDs having the same spectrum. For example, in at least one embodiment, LED 904 represents multiple red LEDs, LED 906 represents multiple green LEDs, and LED 908 represents multiple blue LEDs. The time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 applies regardless of the number of LEDs in LEDs 904, 906, and 908.
The time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 also includes optional operation 1018 to calibrate the target data. In at least one embodiment, light sensor 920 is sensitive to temperature changes, which affects accuracy of the value provided for sense signal SEN1. For example, in at least one embodiment, as the temperature of light sensor 920 increases, the value of sense signal SEN1 changes for the same brightness level of light 922 received by light sensor 920. However, in at least one embodiment, the relationship between temperature changes of light sensor 920 and sense signal SEN1 is known. In at least one embodiment, light sensor 920 provides temperature information to controller 912, or controller 912 senses the temperature in or near light sensor 920. Using this relationship, controller 912 accordingly calibrates the target data to compensate for effects of temperature on the accuracy of the values for sense signal SEN1. In at least one embodiment, the light sensor 920 is self-compensating for temperature changes, thus, eliminating a need for optional operation 1018. In at least one embodiment, temperature effects on the accuracy of values for sense signal SEN1 are either negligible or not considered in time division and adjustment algorithm 1000. The target data can also be adjusted to compensate for operating characteristics associated with light sensor 920. For example, in at least one embodiment, the reception by broad spectrum light sensor 920 is not uniform across the spectrum. The target data can be adjusted to account for the non-uniformity. In at least one embodiment, the adjustment is made during a calibration test by a manufacturer or distributor of lamp 902.
The time division and adjustment algorithm 1000 represents one embodiment of a time division and adjustment algorithm that can be used to sense and, if appropriate, adjust the brightness of one or more LEDs in lighting system 900. The number of time division and adjustment algorithms that can be used by lighting system 900 is virtually limitless. For example, operations 1006 and 1008 can be executed for each of LEDs 904, 906, and 908, the sense signal SEN1 stored for each of LEDs 904, 906, and 908, and operations 1010 and 1012 repeated for each of LEDs 904, 906, and 908. Additionally, the time intervals for reduction of power, such as between t2 and t1, t4 and t3, and so on of time division power modulation in interspacing time division 1100 is a matter of design choice, and the range of power reductions is a matter of design choice. In at least one embodiment, the time intervals for reduction of power are less than an amount of time for a human to perceive a reduction in power by perceiving a change in brightness of the lighting system 900.
Once a brightness level has been determined during each of power modulation periods t2-t3, t6-t7, and t4-t5, controller 912 determines in operation 1406 the brightness of each of LEDs 904, 906, and 908. Each stored value of sense signal SEN1 represents the brightness of the ambient light and the contribution of two of the LEDs 904, 906, and 908 as set forth in Equation [1]:
SEN1=BAL+BLEDx+BLEDy [1],
where BAL=the brightness of the ambient light, and BLEDx and BLEDy equal the respective brightness contributions of the two LEDs of LEDs 904, 906, and 908 whose power is not reduced in operation 1006. Since the brightness of the ambient light, BAL, is known from operations 1002 and 1004, in at least one embodiment, controller 912 uses a multi-variable, linear equation solution process to solve for the three values of sense signal SEN1 stored in operation 1402 using three instances of Equation [1]. The particular linear equation solution process is a matter of design choice. For example, at time t3:
SEN1=BAL+BLED906+BLED908 [2],
at time t6:
SEN1=BAL+BLED904+BLED906 [3],
at time t7:
SEN1=BAL+BLED904+BLED908 [4].
Since the value of BAL and SEN1 is known, Equation [2] can be solved for BLED906 in terms of BLED908 and substituted into Equation [3]. After the substitution, Equation [3] can be solved in terms of BLED908 and substituted into Equation [4]. After substitution, Equation [4] can be solved for the value of BLED908. From the value of BLED908, BLED906 and BLED904 can then be solved from Equation [2] then Equation [3].
Thus, a lighting system includes time division light output sensing and adjustment for different spectra light emitting diodes (LEDs). In at least one embodiment, the time division light output sensing and adjustment allows the lighting system to individually adjust the brightness of LEDs to account for ambient light and changes in brightness of the LEDs.
Although the present invention has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/122,198, filed Dec. 12, 2008, and entitled “Single Photo-Detector for Color Balance of Multiple LED Sources”. U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/122,198 includes exemplary systems and methods and is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3316495 | Sherer | Apr 1967 | A |
3423689 | Miller et al. | Jan 1969 | A |
3586988 | Weekes | Jun 1971 | A |
3725804 | Langan | Apr 1973 | A |
3790878 | Brokaw | Feb 1974 | A |
3881167 | Pelton et al. | Apr 1975 | A |
4075701 | Hofmann | Feb 1978 | A |
4334250 | Theus | Jun 1982 | A |
4409476 | Lofgren et al. | Oct 1983 | A |
4414493 | Henrich | Nov 1983 | A |
4476706 | Hadden et al. | Oct 1984 | A |
4523128 | Stamm | Jun 1985 | A |
4677366 | Wilkinson et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
4683529 | Bucher | Jul 1987 | A |
4700188 | James | Oct 1987 | A |
4737658 | Kronmuller et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
4797633 | Humphrey | Jan 1989 | A |
4937728 | Leonardi | Jun 1990 | A |
4940929 | Williams | Jul 1990 | A |
4973919 | Allfather | Nov 1990 | A |
4979087 | Sellwood et al. | Dec 1990 | A |
4980898 | Silvian | Dec 1990 | A |
4992919 | Lee et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
4994952 | Silva et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
5001620 | Smith | Mar 1991 | A |
5055746 | Hu et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
5109185 | Ball | Apr 1992 | A |
5121079 | Dargatz | Jun 1992 | A |
5206540 | de Sa e Silva et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
5264780 | Bruer et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
5278490 | Smedley | Jan 1994 | A |
5323157 | Ledzius et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
5359180 | Park et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
5383109 | Maksimovic et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
5424932 | Inou et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
5477481 | Kerth | Dec 1995 | A |
5479333 | McCambridge et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
5481178 | Wilcox et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
5565761 | Hwang | Oct 1996 | A |
5589759 | Borgato et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5638265 | Gabor | Jun 1997 | A |
5691890 | Hyde | Nov 1997 | A |
5747977 | Hwang | May 1998 | A |
5757635 | Seong | May 1998 | A |
5764039 | Choi et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5768111 | Zaitsu | Jun 1998 | A |
5781040 | Myers | Jul 1998 | A |
5783909 | Hochstein | Jul 1998 | A |
5798635 | Hwang et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5900683 | Rinehart et al. | May 1999 | A |
5912812 | Moriarty, Jr. | Jun 1999 | A |
5929400 | Colby et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5946202 | Balogh | Aug 1999 | A |
5946206 | Shimizu et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
5952849 | Haigh et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
5960207 | Brown | Sep 1999 | A |
5962989 | Baker | Oct 1999 | A |
5963086 | Hall | Oct 1999 | A |
5966297 | Minegishi | Oct 1999 | A |
5994885 | Wilcox et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
6016038 | Mueller et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
6043633 | Lev et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6072969 | Yokomori et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6083276 | Davidson et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6084450 | Smith et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6091233 | Hwang | Jul 2000 | A |
6125046 | Jang et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6150774 | Mueller et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6181114 | Hemena et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6211626 | Lys et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6211627 | Callahan | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6229271 | Liu | May 2001 | B1 |
6229292 | Redl et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6246183 | Buonavita | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6259614 | Ribarich et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6300723 | Wang et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6304066 | Wilcox et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6304473 | Telefus et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6343026 | Perry | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6344811 | Melanson | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6369525 | Chang et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6385063 | Sadek et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6407514 | Glaser et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6407515 | Hesler | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6407691 | Yu | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6441558 | Muthu et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6445600 | Ben-Yaakov | Sep 2002 | B2 |
6452521 | Wang | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6469484 | L'Hermite et al. | Oct 2002 | B2 |
6495964 | Muthu et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6509913 | Martin, Jr. et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
6531854 | Hwang | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6580258 | Wilcox et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6583550 | Iwasa et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6628106 | Batarseh et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6636003 | Rahm et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6646848 | Yoshida et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6657417 | Hwang | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6688753 | Calon et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6713974 | Patchornik et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6724174 | Esteves et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6727832 | Melanson | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6737845 | Hwang | May 2004 | B2 |
6741123 | Melanson et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
6753661 | Muthu et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6756772 | McGinnis | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6768655 | Yang et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
6781351 | Mednik et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6788011 | Mueller et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6806659 | Mueller et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6839247 | Yang | Jan 2005 | B1 |
6860628 | Robertson et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6870325 | Bushell et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6873065 | Haigh et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6882552 | Telefus et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6888322 | Dowling et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6894471 | Corva et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6933706 | Shih | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6940733 | Schie et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6944034 | Shteynberg et al. | Sep 2005 | B1 |
6956750 | Eason et al. | Oct 2005 | B1 |
6958920 | Mednik et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
6963496 | Bimbaud | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6967448 | Morgan et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6970503 | Kalb | Nov 2005 | B1 |
6975079 | Lys et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6975523 | Kim et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6980446 | Simada et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
7003023 | Krone et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7034611 | Oswal et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7050509 | Krone et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7064498 | Dowling et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7064531 | Zinn | Jun 2006 | B1 |
7072191 | Nakao et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7075329 | Chen et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7078963 | Andersen et al. | Jul 2006 | B1 |
7088059 | McKinney et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7099163 | Ying | Aug 2006 | B1 |
7102902 | Brown et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
7106603 | Lin et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
7109791 | Epperson et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
7126288 | Ribarich et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7135824 | Lys et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7145295 | Lee et al. | Dec 2006 | B1 |
7158633 | Hein | Jan 2007 | B1 |
7161816 | Shteynberg et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7180250 | Gannon | Feb 2007 | B1 |
7183957 | Melanson | Feb 2007 | B1 |
7221130 | Ribeiro et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7233135 | Noma et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7246919 | Porchia et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7255457 | Ducharm et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7266001 | Notohamiprodjo et al. | Sep 2007 | B1 |
7276861 | Shteynberg et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
7288902 | Melanson | Oct 2007 | B1 |
7292013 | Chen et al. | Nov 2007 | B1 |
7310244 | Yang et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7345458 | Kanai et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7375476 | Walter et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
7388764 | Huynh et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7394210 | Ashdown | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7498753 | McAvoy et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7511437 | Lys et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7538499 | Ashdown | May 2009 | B2 |
7545130 | Latham | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7554473 | Melanson | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7560876 | Soo | Jul 2009 | B2 |
7569996 | Holmes et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7583136 | Pelly | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7656103 | Shteynberg et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7667986 | Artusi et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7710047 | Shteynberg et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
7719246 | Melanson | May 2010 | B2 |
7719248 | Melanson | May 2010 | B1 |
7746043 | Melanson | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7746671 | Radecker et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7750738 | Bach | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7756896 | Feingold | Jul 2010 | B1 |
7777563 | Midya et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7804256 | Melanson | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7804480 | Jeon et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
20020065583 | Okada | May 2002 | A1 |
20020145041 | Muthu et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020150151 | Krone et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020166073 | Nguyen et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20030095013 | Melanson et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030174520 | Bimbaud | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030223255 | Ben-Yaakov | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040004465 | McGinnis | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040046683 | Mitamura et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040085030 | Laflamme et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040085117 | Melbert et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040169477 | Yanai et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040227571 | Kuribayashi | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040228116 | Miller et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040232971 | Kawasake et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040239262 | Ido et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050057237 | Clavel | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050156770 | Melanson | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050168492 | Hekstra et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050184895 | Petersen et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050197952 | Shea et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050207190 | Gritter | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050218838 | Lys | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050222881 | Booker | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050253533 | Lys et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050270813 | Zhang et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050275354 | Hausman, Jr. et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050275386 | Jepsen et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060002110 | Dowling | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060022916 | Aiello | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060023002 | Hara et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060116898 | Peterson | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060125420 | Boone et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060184414 | Pappas et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060214603 | Oh et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060226795 | Walter et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060238136 | Johnson, III et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060261754 | Lee | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060285365 | Huynh et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070024213 | Shteynberg et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070029946 | Yu et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070040512 | Jungwirth et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070053182 | Robertson | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070055564 | Fourman | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070103949 | Tsuruya | May 2007 | A1 |
20070124615 | Orr | May 2007 | A1 |
20070126656 | Huang et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070182699 | Ha et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070285031 | Shteynberg et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20080012502 | Lys | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080027841 | Eder | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080043504 | Ye et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080054815 | Kotikalapoodi et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080116818 | Shteynberg et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
20080130322 | Artusi et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080130336 | Taguchi | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080150433 | Tsuchida et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080154679 | Wade | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080174291 | Hansson et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080174372 | Tucker et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080175029 | Jung et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080192509 | Dhuyvetter et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080224635 | Hayes | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080232141 | Artusi et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080239764 | Jacques et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080259655 | Wei et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080278132 | Kesterson et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20090067204 | Ye et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090070188 | Scott et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090147544 | Melanson | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090174479 | Yan et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090218960 | Lyons et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20100141317 | Szajnowski | Jun 2010 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
19713814 | Oct 1998 | DE |
0585789 | Mar 1994 | EP |
0632679 | Jan 1995 | EP |
0636889 | Feb 1995 | EP |
0838791 | Apr 1998 | EP |
0910168 | Apr 1999 | EP |
1014563 | Jun 2000 | EP |
1164819 | Dec 2001 | EP |
1213823 | Jun 2002 | EP |
1460775 | Sep 2004 | EP |
1528785 | May 2005 | EP |
2204905 | Jul 2010 | EP |
2069269 | Aug 1981 | GB |
WO9725836 | Jul 1997 | WO |
0115316 | Jan 2001 | WO |
0197384 | Dec 2001 | WO |
0215386 | Feb 2002 | WO |
WO0227944 | Apr 2002 | WO |
02091805 | Nov 2002 | WO |
WO2006013557 | Feb 2006 | WO |
WO 2006022107 | Mar 2006 | WO |
2006067521 | Jun 2006 | WO |
WO2006135584 | Dec 2006 | WO |
2007026170 | Mar 2007 | WO |
2007079362 | Jul 2007 | WO |
WO 2008072160 | Jun 2008 | WO |
WO2008072160 | Jun 2008 | WO |
WO2008152838 | Dec 2008 | WO |
Entry |
---|
“HV9931 Unity Power Factor LED Lamp Driver, Initial Release”, Supertex Inc., Sunnyvale, CA USA 2005. |
“AN-H52 Application Note: HV9931 Unity Power Factor LED Lamp Driver” Mar. 7, 2007, Supertex Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA. |
Dustin Rand et al: “Issues, Models and Solutions for Triac Modulated Phase Dimming of LED Lamps” Power Electronics Specialists Conferrence, 2007. PESC 2007. IEEE, IEEE, P1, Jun. 1, 2007, pp. 1398-1404. |
Spiazzi G et al: “Analysis of a High-Power Factor Electronic Ballast for High Brightness Light Emitting Diodes” Power Electronics Specialists, 2005 IEEE 36th Conference on June 12, 2005, Piscatawa, NJ, USA, IEEE, Jun. 12, 2005, pp. 1494-1499. |
International Search Report PCT/US2008/062381 dated Feb. 5, 2008. |
International Search Report PCT/US2008/056739 dated Dec. 3, 2008. |
Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority PCT/US2008/062381 dated Feb. 5, 2008. |
Ben-Yaakov et al, “The Dynamics of a PWM Boost Converter with Resistive Input” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, IEEE Service Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA, vol. 46, No. 3, Jun. 1, 1999. |
International Search Report PCT/US2008/062398 dated Feb. 2, 2005. |
Partial International Search Report PCT/US2008/062387 dated Feb. 5, 2008. |
Noon, Jim “UC3855A/B High Performance Power Factor Preregulator”, Texas Instruments, SLUA146A, May 1996, Revised Apr. 2004. |
International Search Report PCT/GB2006/003259 dated Jan. 12, 2007. |
Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority PCT/US2008/056739 dated Dec. 3, 2008. |
International Search Report PCT/US2008/056606 dated Dec. 3, 2008. |
Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority PCT/US2008/056606 dated Dec. 3, 2008. |
International Search Report PCT/US2008/056608 dated Dec. 3, 2008. |
Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority PCT/US2008/056608 dated Dec. 3, 2008. |
International Search Report PCT/GB2005/050228 dated Mar. 14, 2006. |
International Search Report PCT/US2008/062387 dated Jan. 10, 2008. |
Data Sheet LT3496 Triple Output LED Driver, Linear Technology Corporation, Milpitas, CA 2007. |
Linear Technology, News Release,Triple Output LED, LT3496, Linear Technology, Milpitas, CA, May 24, 2007. |
Power Integrations, Inc., “TOP200-4/14 TOPSwitch Family Three-terminal Off-line PWM Switch”, XP-002524650, Jul. 1996, Sunnyvale, California. |
Texas Instruments, SLOS318F, “High-Speed, Low Noise, Fully-Differential I/O Amplifiers,” THS4130 and THS4131, US, Jan. 2006. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT US20080062387, dated Feb. 5, 2008. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT US200900032358, dated Jan. 29, 2009. |
Hirota, Atsushi et al, “Analysis of Single Switch Delta-Sigma Modulated Pulse Space Modulation PFC Converter Effectively Using Switching Power Device,” IEEE, US, 2002. |
Prodic, Aleksandar, “Digital Controller for High-Frequency Rectifiers with Power Factor Correction Suitable for On-Chip Implementation,” IEEE, US, 2007. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT US20080062378, dated Feb. 5, 2008. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT US20090032351, dated Jan. 29, 2009. |
Erickson, Robert W. et al, “Fundamentals of Power Electronics,” Second Edition, Chapter 6, Boulder, CO, 2001. |
Allegro Microsystems, A1442, “Low Voltage Full Bridge Brushless DC Motor Driver with Hall Commutation and Soft-Switching, and Reverse Battery, Short Circuit, and Thermal Shutdown Protection,” Worcester MA, 2009. |
Texas Instruments, SLUS828B, “8-Pin Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) PFC Controller”, UCC28019A, US, revised Apr. 2009. |
Analog Devices, “120 kHz Bandwidth, Low Distortion, Isolation Amplifier”, AD215, Norwood, MA, 1996. |
Burr-Brown, ISO120 and ISO121, “Precision Los Cost Isolation Amplifier,” Tucson AZ, Mar. 1992. |
Burr-Brown, ISO130, “High IMR, Low Cost Isolation Amplifier,” SBOS220, US, Oct. 2001. |
International Search Report and Written Report PCT US20080062428 dated Feb. 5, 2008. |
Prodic, A. et al, “Dead Zone Digital Controller for Improved Dynamic Response of Power Factor Preregulators,” IEEE, 2003. |
Texas Instruments, Interleaving Continuous Conduction Mode PFC Controller, UCC28070, SLUS794C, Nov. 2007, revised Jun. 2009, Texas Instruments, Dallas TX. |
ST Datasheet L6562, Transition-Mode PFC Controller, 2005, STMicroelectronics, Geneva, Switzerland. |
Maksimovic, Regan Zane and Robert Erickson, Impact of Digital Control in Power Electronics, Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & Ics, Kitakyushu,, Apr. 5, 2010, Colorado Power Electronics Center, ECE Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability issued on Jun. 14, 2011, in PCT Application No. PCT/US2009/066373. |
Written Opinion issued on Jun. 12, 2011, in PCT Application No. PCT/US2009/066373. |
R. Ridley, The Nine Most Useful Power Topologies, Oct. 1, 2007, http://www.powersystemsdesign.com/design—tips—oct07.pdf. |
Mamano, Bob, “Current Sensing Solutions for Power Supply Designers”, Unitrode Seminar Notes SEM1200, 1999. |
http://toolbarpdf.com/docs/functions-and-features-of-inverters.html printed on Jan. 20, 2011. |
Linear Technology, “Single Switch PWM Controller with Auxiliary Boost Converter,” LT1950 Datasheet, Linear Technology, Inc. Milpitas, CA, 2003. |
Yu, Zhenyu, 3.3V DSP for Digital Motor Control, Texas Instruments, Application Report SPRA550 dated Jun. 1999. |
International Rectifier, Data Sheet No. PD60143-O, Current Sensing Single Channel Driver, El Segundo, CA, dated Sep. 8, 2004. |
Balogh, Laszlo, “Design and Application Guide for High Speed MOSFET Gate Drive Circuits” [Online] 2001, Texas Instruments, Inc., SEM-1400, Unitrode Power Supply Design Seminar, Topic II, TI literature No. SLUP133, XP002552367, Retrieved from the Internet: URL:htt/://focus.ti.com/lit/ml/slup169/slup169.pdf the whole document. |
D. Hausman, Lutron, RTISS-TE Operation, Real-Time Illumination Stability Systems for Trailing-Edge (Reverse Phase Control) Dimmers, v. 1.0 Dec. 2004. |
International Rectifier, Data Sheet No. PD60230 revC, IR1150(S)(PbF), uPFC One Cycle Control PFC IC Feb. 5, 2007. |
Texas Instruments, Application Report SLUA308, UCC3817 Current Sense Transformer Evaluation, Feb. 2004. |
Texas Instruments, Application Report SPRA902A, Average Current Mode Controlled Power Factor Correctiom Converter using TMS320LF2407A, Jul. 2005. |
Unitrode, Design Note DN-39E, Optimizing Performance in UC3854 Power Factor Correction Applications, Nov. 1994. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, Application Note 42030, Theory and Application of the ML4821 Average Currrent Mode PFC Controller, Aug. 1997. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, Application Note AN4121, Design of Power Factor Correction Circuit Using FAN7527B, Rev.1.0.1, May 30, 2002. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, Application Note 6004, 500W Power-Factor-Corrected (PFC) Converter Design with FAN4810, Rev. 1.0.1, Oct. 31, 2003. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, FAN4822, ZVA Average Current PFC Controller, Rev. 1.0.1 Aug. 10, 2001. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, ML4821, Power Factor Controller, Rev. 1.0.2, Jun. 19, 2001. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, ML4812, Power Factor Controller, Rev. 1.0.4, May 31, 2001. |
Linear Technology, 100 Watt LED Driver, Linear Technology, 2006. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, FAN7544, Simple Ballast Controller, Rev. 1.0.0, 2004. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, FAN7532, Ballast Controller, Rev. 1.0.2, Jun. 2006. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, FAN7711, Ballast Control IC, Rev. 1.0.2, Mar. 2007. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, KA7541, Simple Ballast Controller, Rev. 1.0.3, 2001. |
ST Microelectronics, L6574, CFL/TL Ballast Driver Preheat and Dimming, Sep. 2003. |
ST Microelectronics, AN993, Application Note, Electronic Ballast with PFC Using L6574 and L6561, May 2004. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2008/062384 dated Jan. 14, 2008. |
S. Dunlap et al., Design of Delta-Sigma Modulated Switching Power Supply, Circuits & Systems, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium, 1998. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT Application No. PCT/US2009/066373, mailed Feb. 25, 2010. |
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Dimmable Light Ballast with Power Factor Correction, Design Reference Manual, DRM067, Rev. 1, Dec. 2005. |
J. Zhou et al, Novel Sampling Algorithm for DSP Controlled 2 kW PFC Converter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 16, No. 2, Mar. 2001. |
A. Prodic, Compensator Design and Stability Assessment for Fast Voltage Loops of Power Factor Correction Rectifiers, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, No. 5, Sep. 2007. |
M. Brkovic et al., “Automatic Current Shaper with Fast Output Regulation and Soft-Switching,” S.15.C Power Converters, Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1993. |
Dallas Semiconductor, Maxim, “Charge-Pump and Step-Up DC-DC Converter Solutions for Powering White LEDs in Series or Parallel Connections,” Apr. 23, 2002. |
Freescale Semiconductor, AN3052, Implementing PFC Average Current Mode Control Using the MC9S12E128, Nov. 2005. |
D. Maksimovic et al., “Switching Converters with Wide DC Conversion Range,” Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer's (IEEE) Transactions on Power Electronics, Jan. 1991. |
V. Nguyen et al., “Tracking Control of Buck Converter Using Sliding-Mode with Adaptive Hysteresis,” Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1995. PESC apos; 95 Record., 26th Annual IEEE vol. 2, Issue , Jun. 18-22, 1995 pp. 1086-1093. |
S. Zhou et al., “A High Efficiency, Soft Switching DC-DC Converter with Adaptive Current-Ripple Control for Portable Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—II: Express Briefs, vol. 53, No. 4, Apr. 2006. |
K. Leung et al., “Use of State Trajectory Prediction in Hysteresis Control for Achieving Fast Transient Response of the Buck Converter,” Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISACS apos;03. Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium, vol. 3, Issue , May 25-28, 2003 pp. III-439-III-442 vol. 3. |
K. Leung et al., “Dynamic Hysteresis Band Control of the Buck Converter with Fast Transient Response,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—II: Express Briefs, vol. 52, No. 7, Jul. 2005. |
Y. Ohno, Spectral Design Considerations for White LED Color Rendering, Final Manuscript, Optical Engineering, vol. 44, 111302 (2005). |
S. Skogstad et al., A Proposed Stability Characterization and Verification Method for High-Order Single-Bit Delta-Sigma Modulators, Norchip Conference, Nov. 2006 http://folk.uio.no/savskogs/pub/A—Proposed—Stability—Characterization.pdf. |
J. Turchi, Four Key Steps to Design a Continuous Conduction Mode PFC Stage Using the NCP1653, ON Semiconductor, Publication Order No. AND184/D, Nov. 2004. |
Megaman, D or S Dimming ESL, Product News, Mar. 15, 2007. |
J. Qian et al., New Charge Pump Power-Factor-Correction Electronic Ballast with a Wide Range of Line Input Voltage, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. 1999. |
P. Green, A Ballast that can be Dimmed from a Domestic (Phase-Cut) Dimmer, IRPLCFL3 rev. b, International Rectifier, http://www.irf.com/technical-info/refdesigns/cfl-3.pdf, printed Mar. 24, 2007. |
J. Qian et al., Charge Pump Power-Factor-Correction Technologies Part II: Ballast Applications, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 15, No. 1, Jan. 2000. |
Chromacity Shifts in High-Power White LED Systems due to Different Dimming Methods, Solid-State Lighting, http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/solidstate/completedProjects.asp?ID=76, printed May 3, 2007. |
S. Chan et al., Design and Implementation of Dimmable Electronic Ballast Based on Integrated Inductor, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, No. 1, Jan. 2007. |
M. Madigan et al., Integrated High-Quality Rectifier-Regulators, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, No. 4, Aug. 1999. |
T. Wu et al., Single-Stage Electronic Ballast with Dimming Feature and Unity Power Factor, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 13, No. 3, May 1998. |
F. Tao et al., “Single-Stage Power-Factor-Correction Electronic Ballast with a Wide Continuous Dimming Control for Fluorescent Lamps,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, vol. 2, 2001. |
AZOTEQ, IQS17 Family, IQ Switch®—ProxSense™ Series, Touch Sensor, Load Control and User Interface, IQS17 Datasheet V2.00.doc, Jan. 2007. |
C. Dilouie, Introducing the LED Driver, EC&M, Sep. 2004. |
S. Lee et al., TRIAC Dimmable Ballast with Power Equalization, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 20, No. 6, Nov. 2005. |
L. Gonthier et al., EN55015 Compliant 500W Dimmer with Low-Losses Symmetrical Switches, 2005 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Sep. 2005. |
Why Different Dimming Ranges? The Difference Between Measured and Perceived Light, 2000 http://www.lutron.com/ballast/pdf/LutronBallastpg3.pdf. |
D. Hausman, Real-Time Illumination Stability Systems for Trailing-Edge (Reverse Phase Control) Dimmers, Technical White Paper, Lutron, version 1.0, Dec. 2004, http://www.lutron.com/technical—info/pdf/RTISS-TE.pdf. |
Light Dimmer Circuits, www.epanorama.net/documents/lights/lightdimmer.html, printed Mar. 26, 2007. |
Light Emitting Diode, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting—diode, printed Mar. 27, 2007. |
Color Temperature, www.sizes.com/units/color—temperature.htm, printed Mar. 27, 2007. |
S. Lee et al., A Novel Electrode Power Profiler for Dimmable Ballasts Using DC Link Voltage and Switching Frequency Controls, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 19, No. 3, May 2004. |
Y. Ji et al., Compatibility Testing of Fluorescent Lamp and Ballast Systems, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 35, No. 6, Nov./Dec. 1999. |
National Lighting Product Information Program, Specifier Reports, “Dimming Electronic Ballasts,” vol. 7, No. 3, Oct. 1999. |
Supertex Inc., Buck-based LED Drivers Using the HV9910B, Application Note AN-H48, Dec. 28, 2007. |
D. Rand et al., Issues, Models and Solutions for Triac Modulated Phase Dimming of LED Lamps, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2007. |
Supertex Inc., HV9931 Unity Power Factor LED Lamp Driver, Application Note AN-H52, Mar. 7, 2007. |
Supertex Inc., 56W Off-line LED Driver, 120VAC with PFC, 160V, 350mA Load, Dimmer Switch Compatible, DN-H05, Feb. 2007. |
ST Microelectronics, Power Factor Corrector L6561, Jun. 2004. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, Application Note 42047 Power Factor Correction (PFC) Basics, Rev. 0.9.0 Aug. 19, 2004. |
M. Radecker et al., Application of Single-Transistor Smart-Power IC for Fluorescent Lamp Ballast, Thirty-Fourth Annual Industry Applications Conference IEEE, vol. 1, Oct. 3, 1999-Oct. 7, 1999. |
M. Rico-Secades et al., Low Cost Electronic Ballast for a 36-W Fluorescent Lamp Based on a Current-Mode-Controlled Boost Inverter for a 120-V DC Bus Power Distribution, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 21, No. 4, Jul. 2006. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, FAN4800, Low Start-up Current PFC/PWM Controller Combos, Nov. 2006. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, FAN4810, Power Factor Correction Controller, Sep. 24, 2003. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, FAN4822, ZVS Average Current PFC Controller, Aug. 10, 2001. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, FAN7527B, Power Factor Correction Controller, 2003. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, ML4821, Power Factor Controller, Jun. 19, 2001. |
Freescale Semiconductor, AN1965, Design of Indirect Power Factor Correction Using 56F800/E, Jul. 2005. |
International Search Report for PCT/US2008/051072, mailed Jun. 4, 2008. |
Infineon, CCM-PFC Standalone Power Factor Correction (PFC) Controller in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), Version 2.1, Feb. 6, 2007. |
International Rectifier, IRAC1150-300W Demo Board, User's Guide, Rev 3.0, Aug. 2, 2005. |
International Rectifier, Application Note AN-1077,PFC Converter Design with IR1150 One Cycle Control IC, rev. 2.3, Jun. 2005. |
International Rectifier, Data Sheet PD60230 revC, Feb. 5, 2007. |
Lu et al., International Rectifier, Bridgeless PFC Implementation Using One Cycle Control Technique, 2005. |
Linear Technology, LT1248, Power Factor Controller, Apr. 20, 2007. |
On Semiconductor, AND8123/D, Power Factor Correction Stages Operating in Critical Conduction Mode, Sep. 2003. |
On Semiconductor, MC33260, GreenLine Compact Power Factor Controller: Innovative Circuit for Cost Effective Solutions, Sep. 2005. |
On Semiconductor, NCP1605, Enhanced, High Voltage and Efficient Standby Mode, Power Factor Controller, Feb. 2007. |
On Semconductor, NCP1606, Cost Effective Power Factor Controller, Mar. 2007. |
On Semiconductor, NCP1654, Product Review, Power Factor Controller for Compact and Robust, Continuous Conduction Mode Pre-Converters, Mar. 2007. |
Philips, Application Note, 90W Resonant SMPS with TEA1610 SwingChip, AN99011, 1999. |
NXP, TEA1750, GreenChip III SMPS control IC Product Data Sheet, Apr. 6, 2007. |
Renesas, HA16174P/FP, Power Factor Correction Controller IC, Jan. 6, 2006. |
Renesas Technology Releases Industry's First Critical-Conduction-Mode Power Factor Correction Control IC Implementing Interleaved Operation, Dec. 18, 2006. |
Renesas, Application Note R2A20111 EVB, PFC Control IC R2A20111 Evaluation Board, Feb. 2007. |
STMicroelectronics, L6563, Advanced Transition-Mode PFC Controller, Mar. 2007. |
Texas Instruments, Application Note SLUA321, Startup Current Transient of the Leading Edge Triggered PFC Controllers, Jul. 2004. |
Texas Instruments, Application Report, SLUA309A, Avoiding Audible Noise at Light Loads when using Leading Edge Triggered PFC Converters, Sep. 2004. |
Texas Instruments, Application Report SLUA369B, 350-W, Two-Phase Interleaved PFC Pre-Regulator Design Review, Mar. 2007. |
Unitrode, High Power-Factor Preregulator, Oct. 1994. |
Texas Instruments, Transition Mode PFC Controller, SLUS515D, Jul. 2005. |
Unitrode Products From Texas Instruments, Programmable Output Power Factor Preregulator, Dec. 2004. |
Unitrode Products From Texas Instruments, High Performance Power Factor Preregulator, Oct. 2005. |
Texas Instruments, UCC3817 BiCMOS Power Factor Preregulator Evaluation Board User's Guide, Nov. 2002. |
Unitrode, L. Balogh, Design Note UC3854A/B and UC3855A/B Provide Power Limiting with Sinusoidal Input Current for PFC Front Ends, SLUA196A, Nov. 2001. |
A. Silva De Morais et al., A High Power Factor Ballast Using a Single Switch with Both Power Stages Integrated, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 21, No. 2, Mar. 2006. |
M. Ponce et al., High-Efficient Integrated Electronic Ballast for Compact Fluorescent Lamps, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 21, No. 2, Mar. 2006. |
A. R. Seidel et al., A Practical Comparison Among High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballasts with Similar Ideas, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 41, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2005. |
F. T. Wakabayashi et al., An Improved Design Procedure for LCC Resonant Filter of Dimmable Electronic Ballasts for Fluorescent Lamps, Based on Lamp Model, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 20, No. 2, Sep. 2005. |
J. A. Vilela Jr. et al., An Electronic Ballast with High Power Factor and Low Voltage Stress, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 41, No. 4, Jul./Aug. 2005. |
S. T.S. Lee et al., Use of Saturable Inductor to Improve the Dimming Characteristics of Frequency-Controlled Dimmable Electronic Ballasts, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 19, No. 6, Nov. 2004. |
M. K. Kazimierczuk et al., Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps, IEEETransactions on Power Electronics, vol. 8, No. 4, Oct. 1993. |
S. Ben-Yaakov et al., Statics and Dynamics of Fluorescent Lamps Operating at High Frequency: Modeling and Simulation, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 38, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2002. |
H. L. Cheng et al., A Novel Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast with Symmetrical Topology, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 50, No. 4, Aug. 2003. |
J.W.F. Dorleijn et al., Standardisation of the Static Resistances of Fluorescent Lamp Cathodes and New Data for Preheating, Industry Applications Conference, vol. 1, Oct. 13, 2002-Oct. 18, 2002. |
Q. Li et al., An Analysis of the ZVS Two-Inductor Boost Converter under Variable Frequency Operation, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, No. 1, Jan. 2007. |
H. Peng et al., Modeling of Quantization Effects in Digitally Controlled DC-DC Converters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, No. 1, Jan. 2007. |
G. Yao et al., Soft Switching Circuit for Interleaved Boost Converters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, No. 1, Jan. 2007. |
C. M. De Oliviera Stein et al., A ZCT Auxiliary Communication Circuit for Interleaved Boost Converters Operating in Critical Conduction Mode, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 17, No. 6, Nov. 2002. |
W. Zhang et al., A New Duty Cycle Control Strategy for Power Factor Correction and FPGA Implementation, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 21, No. 6, Nov. 2006. |
H. Wu et al., Single Phase Three-Level Power Factor Correction Circuit with Passive Lossless Snubber, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 17, No. 2, Mar. 2006. |
O. Garcia et al., High Efficiency PFC Converter to Meet EN61000-3-2 and A14, Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, vol. 3, 2002. |
P. Lee et al., Steady-State Analysis of an Interleaved Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, No. 4, Aug. 2000. |
D.K.W. Cheng et al., A New Improved Boost Converter with Ripple Free Input Current Using Coupled Inductors, Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives, Sep. 21-23, 1998. |
B.A. Miwa et al., High Efficiency Power Factor Correction Using Interleaved Techniques, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Seventh Annual Conference Proceedings, Feb. 23-27, 1992. |
Z. Lai et al., A Family of Power-Factor-Correction Controllers, Twelfth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, vol. 1, Feb. 23, 1997-Feb. 27, 1997. |
L. Balogh et al., Power-Factor Correction with Interleaved Boost Converters in Continuous-Inductor-Current Mode, Eighth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1993. APEC '93. Conference Proceedings, Mar. 7, 1993-Mar. 11, 1993. |
Fairchild Semiconductor, Application Note 42030, Theory and Application of the ML4821 Average Current Mode PFC Controller, Oct. 25, 2000. |
Unitrode Products From Texas Instruments, BiCMOS Power Factor Preregulator, Feb. 2006. |
Non-Final Office Action mailed on Dec. 19, 2011 in related U.S. Appl. No. 12/495,185. |
Response to Non-Final Office Action filed in related U.S. Appl. No. 12/495,206 on Apr. 19, 2012. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20100171442 A1 | Jul 2010 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61122198 | Dec 2008 | US |