The present invention relates generally to a light source, and relates more particularly to a light emitting diode (LED)-based signal head.
Traffic lights, rail lights and other signal heads often suffer from poor light uniformity across the lens surface. Poor light uniformity is distracting and is typically considered objectionable. The Institute for Transportation Engineers (ITE) has recently set a lens luminance uniformity requirement for a round traffic ball of ten to one. This means that no area of the lens can be ten times brighter than any other area of the lens.
In some traffic light designs, a large number of low-power LEDs are arranged uniformly across the traffic front of the signal head. This gives a “pixelated” appearance which is often objectionable. In another design, a small number of high-power LEDs are concentrated in the center of the light. This design results in a bright center area of the outer lens and a less bright perimeter of the outer lens.
Thus, there is a need in the art for a light emitting diode module with improved light distribution uniformity.
In one embodiment, the invention is a light emitting diode module with improved light distribution uniformity. One embodiment of a signal head includes a light emitting diode and a reflector cup positioned to reflect light emitted by the light emitting diode, the reflector cup having a non-symmetrical curvature.
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
a depicts a second embodiment of an array of reflector optics with non-symmetric curvature;
b and 10c depict, respectively, side views of the array of
a depicts a top perspective view of the array of reflector optics illustrated in
b depicts a bottom perspective view of the array of reflector optics illustrated in
a depicts a view of a single reflector cup in an array of reflector cups;
b depicts a cross sectional view of the reflector cup of
In one embodiment, the present invention is a light emitting diode-based signal head. Embodiments of the present invention address the problems of conventional signal head designs by providing an LED light source and an optical system that spreads the light emitted therefrom more uniformly across the lens of a signal assembly than conventional systems.
In one embodiment, the assembly 100 also comprises a housing 106, a power supply 108, and additional lenses positioned to manipulate light emitted from the LED array 102. In one embodiment, the additional lenses include a Fresnel lens 110 and a spreading lens 112. In one embodiment, both the Fresnel lens 110 and the spreading lens 112 have a diameter of approximately eight inches, and the distance from the Fresnel lens 110 and the spreading lens 112 to the LED array 102 and reflector optic 104 is approximately three inches. In another embodiment, both the Fresnel lens 110 and the spreading lens 112 have a diameter of approximately twelve inches, and the distance from the Fresnel lens 110 and the spreading lens 112 to the LED array 102 and reflector optic 104 is approximately four and one half inches. In one embodiment, these dimensions have a tolerance of ±25%. In one embodiment, these dimensions correspond to an aspect ratio of 2.7. In one embodiment, this aspect ratio has a tolerance of ±25%.
The power supply 108 supplies power to the LED array 102, which emits light in the form of beams from the plurality of LEDs. The emitted light is reflected by the reflector optic 104 and received by the Fresnel lens 110, which collimates the light into a single beam before the light is received by the spreading lens 112. The spreading lens 112 spreads the collimated light in accordance with a desired distribution, for which the spreading lens 112 is configured. The use of the reflector optic 104 to reflect the light emitted by the LED array 102 substantially prevents the emitted light from being directed into the housing 106 and lost.
As illustrated, the LED array 202 and reflector optic 204 are configured so that light emitted by the LED array 202 is not tilted (i.e., is received substantially straight on or at a minimal angle by the Fresnel lens 210 and spreading lens 212). As a result, the light emitted by the LED array 202 is concentrated substantially at the center of the spreading lens 212, such that the center of the spreading lens 212 is much brighter than the perimeter of the spreading lens 212 (i.e., a “hot spot” is created in the center of the spreading lens 212). In this case, the rays from the individual reflector cups overlap, as illustrated.
As illustrated, the LED array 302 and reflector optic 304 are configured so that light emitted by the LED array 302 is tilted (i.e., is received at an angle by the Fresnel lens 310 and spreading lens 312). As a result, the light emitted by the LED array 302 is directed toward the outer perimeter of the spreading lens 312, giving a more uniform illumination than the assembly 200 illustrated in
In one embodiment, the reflector cups are not tilted, but rather have non-symmetric curvature in order to achieve the tilted reflector effect. FIG. 6A, for example, depicts a third embodiment of a reflector optic 600a (i.e., reflector cup), in which the curvature of the reflector optic 600a is non-symmetric about a center axis 602a. That is, a first section 604a of the reflector optic's perimeter has a larger radius than a second section 606a of the reflector optic's perimeter. The non-symmetric curvatures may be “blended” together along the sidewalls of the reflector optic 600a. By altering the curvature of the reflecting surface non-symmetrically with respect to the center axis 602a, light is tilted/directed away from center axis 602a. In one embodiment, the curvature at any one point on the reflector optic 600a is between approximately zero degrees and approximately ninety degrees with respect to the center axis 602a. In one embodiment, the resultant tilt has a tolerance of ±10°.
As illustrated in
As discussed with respect to
Conic shapes are defined by:
x, y, and z are positions of the conic shape on a typical three-axis system, k is the conic constant, c is curvature of the conic shape, and C is a constant. In one embodiment, the conic constant k and the constant C are user-selected. As discussed above, hyperbolas (k<−1), parabolas (k=−1), ellipses (−1<k<0), spheres (k=0) and oblate spheres (k>0) are all conic shapes.
In one embodiment, the basic conic shape is modified using additional mathematical terms. For example, the basic conic shape can be modified in accordance with a polynomial asphere according to:
where F is an arbitrary function and in one embodiment is defined as:
Conic shapes can also be reproduced or modified using a set of points and a basic curve, such as a spline fit. Thus, the desired illumination/intensity pattern output by an LED array can be realized by modifying the shape of the reflector optics.
As illustrated, the peak intensity for a positive angular displacement (e.g., point 806) is approximately fifty-five percent the peak intensity for a negative angular displacement (e.g., point 808) for the same embodiment (reflector optics with or without tilt). In one embodiment, the fifty-five percent has a tolerance of approximately ±10%. In one embodiment, the peak intensity for a positive angular displacement is shifted by approximately ten degrees with respect to the peak intensity for a negative angular displacement. In one embodiment, the lower edge intensity (i.e., the point where the intensity is less than ten percent of the peak) for a positive angular displacement is shifted by about ten degrees with respect to the lower edge intensity for a negative angular displacement.
a depicts a second embodiment of an array 1000 of reflector optics (i.e., reflector cups 1004) with non-symmetric curvature. As illustrated, the array 1000 comprises a reflective surface 1002 that is the union of a plurality of differently shaped reflector cups 1004. In one embodiment, the reflecting surface of the array 1000 is the result of a plurality of surface forming steps.
The array 1000 of reflector optics is arranged so that each reflector cup 1004 emits light about a light emitting axis, and at least some of the light emitting axes are angled outwards from a central optical axis of the array 1000. In one embodiment, the angle of each individual light emitting axis relative to the central optical axis depends on the position of the individual reflector cup 1004 relative to the central optical axis, the dependency being radially symmetric about the central optical axis.
a depicts a top perspective view of the array of reflector optics 1000 illustrated in
a depicts a view of a single reflector cup 1200 in an array of reflector cups.
Thus, the present invention represents a significant advancement in the field of LED-based signal heads. Embodiments of the present invention address the problems of conventional signal head designs by providing an LED light source and an optical system that spreads the light emitted therefrom more uniformly across the lens of a signal assembly than conventional systems.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. Various embodiments presented herein, or portions thereof, may be combined to create further embodiments. Furthermore, terms such as top, side, bottom, front, back, and the like are relative or positional terms and are used with respect to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures, and as such these terms may be interchangeable.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/781,241, filed Mar. 10, 2006, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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