Patent Application
20170352315
This invention relates to a control technique for the peak luminance level in a display panel, and more particularly to a light emitting period setting method, a driving method for a display panel, a driving method for a backlight, a light emitting period setting apparatus, a semiconductor device, a display panel and an electronic apparatus.
In recent years, development of a display apparatus of the self-luminous type wherein a plurality of organic EL (Electro Luminescence) elements are arranged in rows and columns has proceeded. A display panel which uses organic EL elements also called organic EL panel has superior characteristics that reduction in weight and thickness thereof is easy and that it has a high response speed and is superior in dynamic image picture display characteristic.
Incidentally, driving methods for an organic EL panel are divided into a passive matrix type and an active matrix type. Recently, development of a display panel of the active matrix type wherein an active element in the form of a thin film transistor and a capacitor are arranged for each pixel circuit is proceeding energetically.
The pixel array section 3 has a matrix structure wherein sub pixels 11 of minimum units in a light emitting region are arranged in M rows×N columns. Each of the sub pixels 11 here corresponds, for example, to an R pixel, a G pixel and a B pixel which correspond to three primary colors which form a white unit. The values of M and N depend upon the display resolution in the vertical direction and the display resolution in the horizontal direction.
Referring to
In the pixel circuit of
It is to be noted that the operation state of the sampling transistor T1 is controlled by the writing control line WSL connected to the gate electrode of the sampling transistor T1. When the sampling transistor T1 is in an on state, a signal potential Vsig corresponding to pixel data is written into the storage capacitor Cs through the signal line DTL. The storage capacitor Cs retains the signal potential Vsig written therein for a period of one field.
The storage capacitor Cs is a capacitive load connected to the gate electrode and the source electrode of the driving transistor T2. Accordingly, the signal potential Vsig stored in the storage capacitor Cs provides a gate-source voltage Vgs of the driving transistor T2, and signal current Isig which corresponds to this gate-source voltage Vgs is written from a current supplying line and supplied to the organic EL element OLED.
It is to be noted that, as the signal current Isig increases, the current flowing to the organic EL element OLED increases and the emission light luminance increases. In other words, a gradation is implemented by the magnitude of the signal current Isig. As long as the supply of the signal current Isig continues, a light emitting state of the organic EL element OLED in a predetermined luminance continues.
However, in the pixel circuit shown in
Accordingly, supply and stop of the signal current Isig to the organic EL element OLED are controlled by a switching operation of the light emitting control transistor T3. In particular, the organic EL element OLED emits light only within a period within which the light emitting control transistor T3 is on (the period is hereinafter referred to as “light emitting period”), but emits no light within another period within which the light emitting control transistor T3 is off (the period is hereinafter referred to as “no-light emitting period”).
This driving operation can be implemented also by some other pixel circuit. An example of a pixel circuit of the type described is shown in
Referring to
The pixel circuit shown in
More particularly, while the light emitting control line LSL is controlled to a high voltage VDD, the signal current Isig flows to the organic EL element OLED and the organic EL element OLED is controlled to a light emitting state. On the other hand, while the light emitting control line LSL is controlled to a low voltage VSS2 (<VSS1), supply of the signal current Isig to the organic EL element OLED is stopped and the organic EL element OLED is controlled to a no-light emitting state.
In this manner, the operation state of the pixel circuit is controlled through binary value driving of the writing control line WSL and the light emitting control line LSL.
Incidentally,
As seen in
By combining the control technique for the light emitting period length with an organic EL panel, such various effects as described below can be anticipated.
First, even if the dynamic range of the signal potential Vsig is not varied, the peak luminance level can be adjusted.
As a result, also where an input signal to the signal line driving section 9 is given in the form of a digital signal, the peak luminance level can be adjusted without reducing the gradation number of the input signal. Further, in the case of this driving technique, also where the input signal to the signal line driving section 9 is given in an analog form, the maximum amplitude of the input signal need not be reduced. Therefore, the noise resisting property can be enhanced. In this manner, the variation control of the light emitting period length is effective to adjustment of the peak luminance level while high picture quality is maintained.
The variation control of the light emitting period length is advantageous also in that, where the pixel circuit is of the current writing type, the writing current value can be increased to reduce the writing period.
Further, the variation control of the light emitting period length is effective to improve the picture quality of the moving picture image. This effect is described with reference to
As can be recognized from comparison of
On the other hand, where the light emitting period is sufficiently shorter than a one-field period as in the case of
However, where the light emitting period is 50% of a one-field period as in the case of
Generally it is known that, where the one-field period is given by 60 Hz, if the light emitting period is set longer than 75% of the one-field period, then the moving picture characteristic deteriorates significantly. Therefore, it is considered preferable to suppress the light emitting period to less than 50% of the one-field period.
Different examples of driving timings of a light emitting control line LSL where one light emitting period is included in a one-field period are illustrated in
It is to be noted that the light emitting period corresponding to the sth horizontal line from the top of the pixel array section 3 can be represented by the following expression. It is to be noted that the rate of the light emitting period occupying in the one-field period T is represented by DUTY.
In this instance, a light emitting period and a no-light emitting period are given by the following expressions:
Light emitting period:
{(s−1)/m}·T<t<[{(s−1)/m}+DUTY]·T
No-light emitting period:
[{(s−1)/m}+DUTY]·T<t<|[(s−1)/m]+1|·T
where t satisfies the following period:
{(s−1)/m}·T<t<[{(s−1)/m}+1]·T
Related techniques are disclosed in published JP-T-2002-514320, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-027028 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-215213.
However, where a light emitting period and a no-light emitting period are provided within a one-field period, suppression of flickering becomes a new technical subject. Generally, where a one-field period is given by 60 Hz, if the light emitting period is set to less than 25% of the one-field period, then flickering is actualized particularly, and it is considered preferable to set the light emitting period to 50% or more of the one-field period.
In particular, it is known that the light emitting period length within a one-field period is subject to two conflicting restrictions from a point of view of the picture quality of a moving picture image and flickering.
However, with the method in related art wherein only one light emitting period is involved in a one-field period, the restriction to the setting range of the light emitting time length restricts the variation range of the peak luminance level.
Therefore, as a method for reducing perception of flickering also where the light emitting period occupying in the one-field period is short, a method has been proposed wherein the light emitting period to be involved in a one-field period is divided into a plural periods.
In particular,
In the driving example, the light emission start point of the front half period is set to 0% of a one-field period, and the light emission start point of the rear half period is set to 50% of the one-field period. In other words, the light emission start points are provided fixedly, and the period lengths are variably controlled in response to a total light emitting period length. It is to be noted that the light emitting time lengths in the front half period and the rear half period are set to one half of the total light emitting period length. Accordingly, if the total light emitting time length is 40% of the one-field period, then each of the period lengths is set to 20%.
However, if the driving method illustrated in
The movement of the line of sight in this instance becomes same as the movement of the line of sight in an alternative case wherein 75% of the one-field period are used as a light emitting period as seen in
In other words, although the driving method wherein a one-field period is divided simply into a front half period and a rear half period can reduce flickering, it has a problem that motion blur is generated newly, resulting in deterioration of the display quality of a moving picture image.
In addition, since the period lengths of the front half period and the rear half period are equal to each other, the driving method described above has a problem also in that movement of one straight line segment is likely to be visually confirmed as movement of two straight line segments.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a driving technique for a display panel wherein both of motion blur and flickering are suppressed and besides the peak luminance level can be adjusted over a wide range.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a light emitting period setting method for a display panel wherein the peak luminance level is varied through control of a total light emitting period length which is the sum total of period lengths of light emitting periods arranged in a one-field period, including a step of setting period lengths of N light emitting periods, which are arranged in a one-field period, in response to the total light emitting period length such that the period lengths of the light emitting periods continue to keep a fixed ratio thereamong, N being equal to or higher than 3.
Preferably, the number N of the light emitting periods is an odd number. However, the number N of the light emitting periods may otherwise be an even number.
Preferably, the period lengths of the N light emitting periods are set such that the period length of the light emitting period allocated to any of the N light emitting periods which is comparatively near to the center of the array of the N light emitting periods has a comparatively high rate. Naturally, by setting a comparatively high rate to a light emitting period which is positioned comparatively near to the center of the array, the visual confirmation luminance of a light emitting period in the proximity of the center of the array can be set higher than that at peripheral positions.
In particular, also where the peak luminance level is controlled over a wide range, a light emitting period or periods which are visually confirmed principally can be concentrated in the proximity of the center of the variation range. As a result, an image can be made less likely to be visually observed as multiple overlapping images, and the picture quality when a moving picture is displayed can be maintained in a high picture quality state.
Preferably, the N light emitting periods are merged into a single light emitting period when the total light emitting period length reaches a maximum value therefor. This signifies that, during a process until the total light emitting period reaches the maximum value, the light emitting periods are merged into one light emitting period.
Preferably, the opposite ends of the N light emitting periods are always fixed to positions of outer edges of no-light emitting periods where the total light emitting period length reaches a maximum value therefor. However, the opposite ends of the N light emitting periods may not necessarily be fixed to the positions of the outer edges of the no-light emitting periods if the N light emitting periods are set within a range on the inner side with respect to the no-light emitting periods where the total light emitting period length reaches a maximum value therefor.
Anyway, the variation range of the light emitting periods can be limited to a fixed range within a one-field period. Accordingly, the extent of the light emitting range grasped visually can be limited to the fixed range, and motion blur can be prevented from being visually confirmed.
Preferably, the period lengths of no-light emitting periods positioned in gaps between the light emitting periods are set such that the period length of the no-light emitting period allocated to any of the no-light emitting periods which is comparatively near to any of the opposite ends of the array of the N light emitting periods has a comparatively high rate. In this instance, those light emitting periods which have a comparatively large period length can be concentrated in the proximity of the center in the variation range of the light emitting periods. Consequently, motion blur can be prevented further from being visually confirmed.
However, the period lengths of no-light emitting periods positioned in gaps between the light emitting periods may be set so as to be equal to each other. In this instance, the light emitting periods can be arranged uniformly within the variation range of the light emitting periods.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a driving method for a display panel wherein the peak luminance level is varied through control of a total light emitting period length which is the sum total of period lengths of light emitting periods arranged in a one-field period, including the steps of setting period lengths of N light emitting periods, which are arranged in a one-field period, in response to the total light emitting period length such that the period lengths of the light emitting periods continue to keep a fixed ratio thereamong, N being equal to or higher than 3, and driving a pixel array section of the display panel so that the set period lengths may be implemented.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a driving method for a backlight of a display panel wherein the peak luminance level is varied through control of a total light emitting period length which is the sum total of period lengths of light emitting periods arranged in a one-field period, including the steps of setting period lengths of N light emitting periods, which are arranged in a one-field period, in response to the total light emitting period length such that the period lengths of the light emitting periods continue to keep a fixed ratio thereamong, N being equal to or higher than 3, and driving the backlight so that the set period lengths may be implemented.
According to a still further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a light emitting period setting apparatus including a light emitting period setting section configured to set period lengths of N light emitting periods, which are arranged in a one-field period, in response to a total light emitting period length, which is the sum total of period lengths of light emitting periods arranged in a one-field period, such that the period lengths of the light emitting periods continue to keep a fixed ratio thereamong, N being equal to or higher than 3. The light emitting period setting apparatus may be formed on a semiconductor substrate or on an insulating substrate. The light emitting period setting apparatus preferably is a semiconductor device.
According to a yet further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a display panel wherein the peak luminance level is variably controlled through control of a total light emitting period length which is the sum total of period lengths of light emitting periods arranged in a one-field period, including
(a) a pixel array section having a pixel structure ready for an active matrix driving method,
(b) a light emitting period setting section configured to set period lengths of N light emitting periods, which are arranged in a one-field period, in response to the total light emitting period length such that the period lengths of the light emitting periods continue to keep a fixed ratio thereamong, N being equal to or higher than 3, and
(c) a panel driving section configured to drive the pixel array section so that the set period lengths may be implemented.
The pixel array section may have a pixel structure wherein a plurality of EL elements are arranged in a matrix, and the panel driving section may set the light emitting period of the EL elements.
According to a yet further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a display panel wherein the peak luminance level is variably controlled through control of a total light emitting period length which is the sum total of period lengths of light emitting periods arranged in a one-field period, including
(a) a pixel array section having a pixel structure ready for an active matrix driving method,
(b) a light emitting period setting section configured to set arrangement positions and period lengths of N light emitting periods, which are arranged in a one-field period, in response to the total light emitting period length such that the period lengths of the light emitting periods continue to keep a fixed ratio thereamong, N being equal to or higher than 3, and
(c) a backlight driving section f configured to drive a backlight light source so that the set period lengths may be implemented.
According to a yet further embodiment of the present invention, there are provided electronic apparatus which individually incorporate the two different display panels described above and further include a system control section configured to control the panel driving section, and an operation inputting section configured to input an operation to the system control section.
Where the driving technique proposed as above is adopted, even where three or more light emitting periods are arranged within a one-field period, a luminance difference can be produced between a light emitting period which is used as the center of light emission and the other light emitting periods.
In other words, a luminance difference between an image to be visually confirmed principally and the other images can be made clear. As a result, a multiple overlapping phenomenon of images of similar luminance which make a cause of motion blur can be reduced. Consequently, even where the peak luminance level is adjusted over a wide range, deterioration of the picture quality can be suppressed.
In the following, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in connection with an organic EL panel of the active matrix driving type to which the present invention is applied.
It is to be noted that, for technical matters which are not specifically described herein or specifically illustrated in the accompanying drawings, techniques which are known in the pertaining technical field are applied.
In the present specification, not only a display panel wherein a pixel array section and a driving circuit such as, a control line driving section and a signal line driving section are formed on the same substrate but also another display panel wherein a driving circuit fabricated as an IC for a particular application is mounted on a substrate on which a pixel array section is mounted commonly are referred to as display panel.
The support substrate 23 is made of glass, plastics or some other suitable material. Where the organic EL panel adopts a top emission system as a light emission system thereof, pixel circuits are formed on the surface of the support substrate 23. In other words, the support substrate 23 corresponds to a circuit board.
On the other hand, where the organic EL panel adopts the bottom emission system as a light emission system thereof, organic EL elements are formed on the surface of the support substrate 23. In other words, the support substrate 23 corresponds to a sealing substrate.
Also the opposing substrate 25 is made of glass, plastics or some other transparent material. The opposing substrate 25 seals the surface of the support substrate 23 with the sealing member held therebetween. It is to be noted that, where the organic EL panel adopts the top emission system as the light emitting system thereof, the opposing substrate 25 corresponds to a sealing substrate. On the other hand, where the organic EL panel adopts the bottom emission system as the light emission system thereof, the opposing substrate 25 corresponds to a circuit board.
It is to be noted that the transparency of a substrate may be assured only on the light emitting side, but the other substrate may be an opaque substrate.
Further, a flexible printed circuit (FPC) 27 for inputting an external signal or a driving power supply is arranged on the organic EL panel 21 as occasion demands.
The organic EL panel 31 includes a pixel array section 3, a first control line driving section 5 configured to drive writing control lines WSL, a second control line driving section 7 configured to drive light emitting control lines LSL, a signal line driving section 9 configured to drive signal lines DTL and a light emitting period setting section 33 configured to set a light emitting period, arranged on a glass substrate.
In short, the system configuration of the organic EL panel 31 is similar to that described hereinabove with reference to
In the following, a function of the light emitting period setting section 33 which is a unique component in the present embodiment is described.
The light emitting period setting section 33 receives a total light emitting period length within a one-field period, that is, DUTY information, from the outside. It is to be noted that, where the number of light emitting periods arranged in a one-field period is one, the total light emitting period length is equal to the length of the one-field period, but where the number of light emitting periods arranged in a one-field period is a plural number, the total light emitting period length is equal to the sum total of the lengths of the periods.
In any case, the total light emitting period length is information for adjustment of the peak luminance level and is supplied from a system configuration section not shown or the like. It is to be noted that the total light emitting period length is given not only as a preset value upon shipment of the product but also as a value which reflects a user operation such as, an operation for adjusting the brightness of the screen image.
Further, the total light emitting period length is successively set to an optimum value, for example, in response to the type of an image to be displayed such as a still picture type image, a moving picture type image, a text type image, a movie image or a television program image, the brightness of external light, the panel temperature and so forth.
The term “still picture type image” is used so as to signify an image which principally is a still picture. The term “moving picture type image” is used so as to signify an image which principally is a moving picture. Further, the term “text type image” is used to signify an image which principally is a text image.
The system control section not shown arbitrates the functions taking an influence to be had on the picture quality into consideration to successively determine an optimum total light emitting period length in accordance with a program determined in advance. The total light emitting period length determined in this manner is supplied to the light emitting period setting section 33. It is to be noted that the system control section is incorporated in or externally connected to the organic EL panel 31.
The light emitting period setting section 33 arranges a plurality of light emitting periods in a one-field period so that the total light emitting period length or DUTY information supplied thereto may be satisfied. In particular, the light emitting period setting section 33 executes a process of setting the arrangement position and the period length for each of the light emitting periods and another process of generating driving pulses, that is, a start pulse ST and an end pulse ET, so that the pixel array section 3 may be driven actually in accordance with the set conditions.
Although particular examples of a setting method for light emitting periods are hereinafter described, the light emitting period setting section 33 operates such that a number of light emitting periods set or indicated in advance are arranged within a one-field period. Further, the light emitting period setting section 33 variably controls the period length of a particular light emitting period and the other light emitting periods such that the particular light emitting period may come to the center of light emission.
It is to be noted that, in the particular examples hereinafter described, the timings of the light emitting periods are determined such that the time length from a start timing of a light emitting period which appears first within a one-field period to an end timing of another light emitting period which appears last in the one-field period, that is, an apparent light emitting period length, may be equal to or longer than 25% but equal to or shorter than 75% of the one-field period. The reason is that it is intended to achieve compatibility of reduction of flickering and reduction of motion blur.
It is to be noted that an example of calculation of a period length and an arrangement position by the signal processing unit 45 is hereinafter described. However, calculation of a period length and an arrangement position by the signal processing unit 45 may be executed only when the total light emitting period length or the number of light emitting periods is changed. Accordingly, the light emitting period setting section 33 preferably has a storage unit for storing a result of calculation.
In the following, particular examples of setting of light emitting periods by the light emitting period setting section 33 are described. It is to be noted that a start timing and an end timing of each light emitting period are implemented by a process of a digital processor (DSP) or a logic circuit ready for a calculation expression hereinafter given.
It is to be noted that, in the setting examples given below, it is assumed that a television signal is inputted as a display image. In other words, it is assumed that the frame rate of a display image is given as 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
Also it is to be noted that the period length of each light emitting period is set such that the center of light emission becomes the center of a variation range of the light emitting period length.
Further, the period length of each light emitting period is set in response to the total light emitting period length provided from the outside such that it may satisfy a ratio set in advance.
Accordingly, in the setting examples given below, a rate is allocated to each of N light emitting periods such that a higher rate is allocated to a light emitting period which is nearer to a central one of the N light emitting periods.
In other words, the rate is set such that a light emitting period nearer to the center of the array of the light emitting periods has a longer light emitting period but a light emitting period nearer to each end of the array has a shorter light emitting period.
This makes it likely for a user to visually confirm the bright regions within a one-field period as a single bright region.
Further, in the following setting examples, even if the total light emitting period length varies, the relationship of the period lengths of the light emitting periods always satisfies a fixed ratio.
Accordingly, the manner in which a bright region looks can be made fixed independently of the total light emitting period length, and such a situation that the user may have an unfamiliar feeling can be prevented.
Further, in the setting examples, the start timing of a light emitting period which appears first within a one-field period and the end timing of another light emitting period which appears last within the one-field period are set fixedly in response to a maximum value of the total light emitting period length.
In particular, where the entire one-field period is represented by 100%, the start timing of the light emitting period which appears first is set to 0%, and the end timing of the light emitting period which appears last is set to the maximum value of the total light emitting period.
In the following, several particular examples are described successively. It is to be noted that, while the rates to be allocated to the individual light emitting periods in the following are set in advance, preferably they can be changed by control from the outside.
First, setting examples wherein the light emitting period number N is an odd number equal to or higher than 3 are described.
It is to be noted that the inventors of the present invention considers preferable to set the light emitting period number N to 5, 7 or 9 taking the circuit scale, the scale of calculation processing, achieved effects and so forth into consideration.
Here, a setting example wherein the light emitting period number N is 3 is described. It is assumed that the period length of the light emitting periods is set to a ratio of 1:2:1 in the appearing order of them.
It is to be noted that
As a result, the start timing of the first light emitting period is fixed to 0%, and the end timing of the third light emitting period is fixed to 60%.
It is to be noted that, in the case of the present setting example, the no-light emitting periods arranged between the light emitting periods are set so as to have an equal length as seen in
In this instance, if the total light emitting period length increases, then the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary so as to be leftwardly and rightwardly symmetrical with respect to the point of 30% within the one-field period which is the center of the variation range.
Naturally, the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary in a state wherein the ratio of 1:2:1 is kept satisfied. Then, if the total light emitting period length reaches its maximum value, then all of the light emitting periods become a unified single light emitting period as seen in
At this time, if it is assumed that the total light emitting period is given by A% of a one-field period, then the light emitting periods and the no-light emitting periods are given by the expressions give below.
In the following description, the period length of the first and third light emitting periods is represented by T1 and that of the second light emitting periods is represented by T2. Further, the period length of the no-light emitting periods is represented by T3.
T1=A%/4
T2=A%/2
T3=(60%−A%)/2
For example, if the total light emitting period length is 40% of a one-field period, then the period lengths are calculated in the following manner:
T1=40%/4=10%
T2=40%/2=20%
T3=(60%−40%)/2=10%
As a result, where the start timing and the end timing of each light emitting period are represented by (X%, Y%), the arrangement positions of the light emitting periods are set in the following manner:
First light emitting period: (0%, 10%)
Second light emitting period: (20%, 40%)
Third light emitting period: (50%, 60%)
It is to be noted that, as described hereinabove, where the total light emitting period length is 60% of a one-field period, the only one light emitting period is set as (0%, 60%).
Further, in the case of the particular example 1, 60% of a one-field period are set as an apparent appearance range of a light emitting period. Therefore, basically flickering is not perceived.
As a result, a light emitting period which provides reduced flickering to assure enhanced picture quality of
a moving picture image can be set.
Now, a setting example wherein the light emitting period number N is 3 is described. It is to be noted that, in the present particular example, the period length of the light emitting periods is set to a ratio of 1:5:1 in the appearing order of them.
Also
Accordingly, the start timing of the first light emitting period is fixed to 0%, and the end timing of the third light emitting period is fixed to 60%.
It is to be noted that, in the case of the present setting example, the no-light emitting periods arranged between the light emitting periods are set so as to have an equal length as seen in
In this instance, if the total light emitting period length increases, then the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary so as to be leftwardly and rightwardly symmetrical with respect to the point of 30% within the one-field period which is the center of the variation range.
Naturally, the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary in a state wherein the ratio of 1:5:1 is kept satisfied. Then, if the total light emitting period length reaches its maximum value, then all of the light emitting periods become a unified single light emitting period as seen in
At this time, if it is assumed that the total light emitting period is given by A% of a one-field period, then the light emitting periods and the no-light emitting periods are given by the expressions give below.
In the following description, the period length of the first and third light emitting periods is represented by T1 and that of the second light emitting periods is represented by T2. Further, the period length of the no-light emitting periods is represented by T3.
T1=A%/7
T2=(A%/7)*5
T3=(60%−A%)/2
For example, if the total light emitting period length is 40% of a one-field period, then the period lengths are calculated in the following manner:
T1=40%/7=5.7%
T2=(40%/7)*5=28.5%
T3=(60%−40%)/2=10%
As a result, where the start timing and the end timing of each light emitting period are represented by (X%, Y%), the arrangement positions of the light emitting periods are set in the following manner:
First light emitting period: (0%, 5.7%)
Second light emitting period: (15.7%, 44.2%)
Third light emitting period: (54.3%, 60%)
In this manner, in the case of the particular example 2, the luminance difference between a region corresponding to the second time light emitting period and regions corresponding to light emitting periods positioned on the opposite sides of the second time light emitting period can be made greater than that in the particular example 1. As a result, the region which is perceived principally can be concentrated on the second light emitting period. As a result, motion blur is less likely to appear, and the visibility of a moving picture image can be enhanced further.
It is to be noted that, as described hereinabove, where the total light emitting period length is 60% of a one-field period, the only one light emitting period is set as (0%, 60%).
Further, also in the case of the particular example 2, 60% of a one-field period are set as an apparent appearance range of a light emitting period. Therefore, basically flickering is not perceived.
As a result, a light emitting period which provides reduced flickering to assure enhanced picture quality of a moving picture image can be set.
Here, a setting example wherein the light emitting period number N is 5 is described. In the present particular example, the period length of the light emitting periods is set to a ratio of 1:1.5:3:1.5:1 in the appearing order of them.
Accordingly, in the case of the present particular example, the start timing of the first light emitting period is fixed to 0%, and the end timing of the fifth light emitting period is fixed to 75%.
It is to be noted that, also in the case of the present setting example, the no-light emitting periods arranged between the light emitting periods are set so as to have an equal length as seen in
In this instance, if the total light emitting period length increases, then the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary so as to be leftwardly and rightwardly symmetrical with respect to the point of 37.5% within the one-field period which is the center of the variation range.
Naturally, the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary in a state wherein the ratio of 1:1.5:3:1.5:1 is kept satisfied. Then, if the total light emitting period length reaches its maximum value, then all of the light emitting periods become a unified single light emitting period as seen in
At this time, if it is assumed that the total light emitting period is given by A% of a one-field period, then the light emitting periods and the no-light emitting periods are given by the expressions give below.
In the following description, the period length of the first and fifth light emitting periods is represented by T1 and that of the second and fourth light emitting periods is represented by T2 while the period length of the third light emitting period is represented by T3. Further, the period length of the no-light emitting periods is represented by T4.
T1=A%/8
T2=(A%/8)*1.5
T3=(A%/8)*3
T4=(75%−A%)/4
For example, if the total light emitting period length is 40% of a one-field period, then the period lengths are calculated in the following manner:
T1=40%/8=5%.
T2=(40%/8)*1.5=7.5%
T3=(40%/8)*3=15%.
T4=(75%−40%)/4=8.75%
As a result, where the start timing and the end timing of each light emitting period are represented by (X%, Y%), the arrangement positions of the light emitting periods are set in the following manner:
First light emitting period: (0%, 5%)
Second light emitting period: (13.75%, 21.25%)
Third light emitting period: (30%, 45%)
Fourth light emitting period: (3.75%, 61.25%)
Fifth light emitting period: (70%, 75%)
In this manner, in the case of the particular example 3, the period lengths can be set such that the third light emitting period exhibits the largest luminance area and the light emitting periods positioned on the opposite sides of the third light emitting period exhibits the third largest luminance area while the light emitting periods positioned on the opposite sides of the second and fourth light emitting periods exhibit the smallest luminance area. As a result, the region which is perceived principally can be concentrated on the third light emitting period and the two light emitting periods on the opposite sides of the third light emitting period. As a result, motion blur is less likely to appear, and the visibility of a moving picture image can be enhanced further.
It is to be noted that, as described hereinabove, where the total light emitting period length is 75% of a one-field period, the only one light emitting period is set as (0%, 75%).
Further, also in the case of the particular example 3, 75% of a one-field period are set as an apparent appearance range of a light emitting period. Therefore, basically flickering is not perceived.
As a result, a light emitting period which provides reduced flickering to assure enhanced picture quality of a moving picture image can be set.
Also here, a setting example wherein the light emitting period number N is 5 is described. Also in the present particular example, the period length of the light emitting periods is set to a ratio of 1:1.5:3:1.5:1in the appearing order of them similarly as in the case of the particular example 3.
The particular example 4 and the particular example 3 are different from each other in the method of providing time lengths of no-light emitting periods.
In the case of the particular example 3, all of the period lengths of the no-light emitting periods positioned between the light emitting periods are set equal to each other.
However, in the particular example 4, the period length of those two no-light emitting periods which are positioned comparatively near to the center is set so as to be shorter than the period length of the other two no-light emitting periods positioned on the outer sides of the centrally positioned no-light emitting periods.
In the example of
Further, the no-light emitting period between the second and third light emitting periods is referred to as second no-light emitting period; the no-light emitting period between the third and fourth light emitting periods is referred to as third no-light emitting period; and the no-light emitting period between the fourth and second fifth emitting periods is referred to as fourth no-light emitting period.
In
Here, if the rate of the period length b is lower than the rate of the period length a, then the three light emitting periods positioned centrally can be positioned nearer to each other and the unity of the three light emitting periods can be enhanced. As a result, an effect of suppressing appearance of motion blur where the total light emitting period length is short can be achieved.
It is to be noted that the ratio between the period lengths a and b may be set to an arbitrary value. It is to be noted, however, that the ratio a:b is given by the ratio of the period length of the light emitting period at the central position and the period length of the light emitting periods positioned on the opposite outer sides of the centrally positioned light emitting period. In other words, the ratio a:b is set such that the relationship in rate may be reverse to each other between the light emitting periods and the no-light emitting periods.
Accordingly, in the example of
As a result, if the total light emitting period length is given by A% of a one-field period, then the period lengths of the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periods are given by expressions given below.
It is to be noted that, in the following description, the period length of the first and fifth light emitting periods is represented by T1 and the period length of the second and fourth light emitting periods is represented by T2 while the period length of the third light emitting period is represented by T3. Further, the period length of the first and fourth no-light emitting periods is represented by T4, and the period length of the second and third no-light emitting periods is represented by T5.
T1=A%/8
T2=(A%/8)*1.5
T3=(A%/8)*3
T4={(75%−A%)/6}*2
T5=(75%−A%)/6
For example, if the total light emitting period length is 40% of a one-field period, then the period lengths are calculated in the following manner:
T1=40%/8=5%
T2=(40%/8)*1.5=7.5%
T3=(40%/8)*3=15%
T4=(75%−40%)/3=11.6%
T5=(75%−40%)/6=5.8
As a result, where the start timing and the end timing of each light emitting period are represented by (X%, Y%), the arrangement positions of the light emitting periods are set in the following manner:
First light emitting period: (0%, 5%)
Second light emitting period: (16.6%, 24.1%)
Third light emitting period: (30%, 45%)
Fourth light emitting period: (50.8%, 58.3%)
Fifth light emitting period: (70%, 75%)
In this manner, in the case of the particular example 4, the distance between adjacent ones of the second to fourth light emitting periods can be reduced so that the light emitting periods approach each other. As a result, the third light emitting period and the second and fourth light emitting periods positioned on the opposite sides of the third light emitting period are perceived principally, and besides, the unity of them can be enhanced. As a result, motion blur is less likely to appear, and the visibility of a moving picture image can be enhanced further.
It is to be noted that, as described hereinabove, where the total light emitting period length is 75% of a one-field period, the only one light emitting period is set as (0%, 75%).
Further, also in the case of the particular example 4, 75% of a one-field period are set as an apparent appearance range of a light emitting period. Therefore, basically flickering is not perceived.
As a result, a light emitting period which provides reduced flickering to assure enhanced picture quality of a moving picture image can be set.
Also here, a setting example wherein the light emitting period number N is 5 is described. Also in the present particular example, the period length of the light emitting periods is set to a ratio of 1:2:6:2:1 in the appearing order of them. Also the present particular example 5 adopts the system wherein the period length of those two no-light emitting periods which are positioned comparatively near to the center is set so as to be shorter than the period length of the other two no-light emitting periods positioned on the outer sides of the centrally positioned no-light emitting periods.
Also in the example of
Further, the no-light emitting period between the second and third light emitting periods is referred to as second no-light emitting period; the no-light emitting period between the third and fourth light emitting periods is referred to as third no-light emitting period; and the no-light emitting period between the fourth and fifth emitting periods is referred to as fourth no-light emitting period.
In
In the present particular example, the period length of the non-light emitting periods is set by the same method as in the particular example 4. In particular, the ratio of a:b is given by the ratio between the period length of the third no-light emitting period positioned centrally and the period length of the second or fourth light emitting period positioned on the outer side of the third light emitting period.
Accordingly, in the example of
As a result, if the total light emitting period length is given by A% of a one-field period, then the period lengths of the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periods are given by expressions given below.
It is to be noted that, in the following description, the period length of the first and fifth light emitting periods is represented by T1 and the period length of the second and fourth light emitting periods is represented by T2 while the period length of the fifth light emitting period is represented by T3. Further, the period length of the first and fourth no-light emitting periods is represented by T4, and the period length of the second and third no-light emitting periods is represented by T5.
T1=A%/12
T2=(A%/12) *2
T3=(A%/12)*6
T4={(75%−A%)/8}*3
T5=(75%−A%)/8
For example, if the total light emitting period length is 40% of a one-field period, then the period lengths are calculated in the following manner:
T1=40%/12=3.3%
T2=(40%/12)*2=6.6%
T3=(40%/12)*6=20%
T4=(75%−40%/8)*=13.1%
T5=(75%−40%)/8=4.37%
As a result, where the start timing and the end timing of each light emitting period are represented by (X%, Y%), the arrangement positions of the light emitting periods are set in the following manner:
First light emitting period: (0%, 3.3%)
Second light emitting period: (16.4%, 23%)
Third light emitting period: (27.3%, 47.3%)
Fourth light emitting period: (51.7%, 58.3%)
Fifth light emitting period: (71.7%, 75%)
In the case of the particular example 5, the distance between adjacent ones of the second to fourth light emitting periods can be reduced so that the light emitting periods approach each other. As a result, the third light emitting period and the second and fourth light emitting periods positioned on the opposite sides of the third light emitting period are perceived principally, and besides, the unity of them can be enhanced. As a result, motion blur is less likely to appear, and the visibility of a moving picture image can be enhanced further.
It is to be noted that, as described hereinabove, where the total light emitting period length is 75% of a one-field period, the only one light emitting period is set as (0%, 75%).
Further, also in the case of the particular example 5, 75% of a one-field period are set as an apparent appearance range of a light emitting period. Therefore, basically flickering is not perceived.
As a result, a light emitting period which provides reduced flickering to assure enhanced picture quality of a moving picture image can be set.
The setting method described above can be applied similarly also where the light emitting period number N is any odd number equal to or higher than 7.
In particular, a comparatively high rate is allocated to the period length of a light emitting period from among the N light emitting periods which is comparatively near to the center of the N light emitting periods and the individual period lengths are varied in response to variation of the total light emitting period length while the rates are maintained.
In this instance, the technique of the particular examples described above can be applied also to allocation of the no-light emitting periods.
For example, also it is possible to apply a method wherein all period lengths are set equal to each other or another method wherein a comparatively low rate is applied to a no-light emitting period which is positioned comparatively near to the center.
For reference, examples where the light emitting period number N is 7 are illustrated in
It is to be noted that
Meanwhile,
Now, setting examples where the light emitting period number N is an even number equal to or higher than 4 are described. It is to be noted that a basic approach in this instance is similar to that where the light emitting period number N is an odd number.
Here, a setting example wherein the light emitting period number N is 4 is described. It is assumed that the period length of the light emitting periods in the present particular example is set to a ratio of 1:2:2:1 in the appearing order of them.
It is to be noted that
Therefore, the light emitting periods are varied within a range from 0% to 60% of a one-field period. Further, the range from 60% to 100% of each one-field period is normally set to a no-light emitting period. The presence of such a fixed non-light emitting period as just described is essentially required in order to raise the visibility of a moving picture.
As a result, the start timing of the first light emitting period is fixed to 0%, and the end timing of the fourth light emitting period is fixed to 60%. Further, a method is adopted wherein the period length of the no-light emitting period positioned at the center is set so as to be normally shorter than the period length of the no-light emitting periods positioned on the opposite sides of the centrally positioned no-light emitting period. In particular, the period length b of the no-light emitting period positioned at the second position is set so as to be shorter than the period length a of the no-light emitting periods positioned at the first and third positions.
It is to be noted that the ratio between the period lengths a and b may be set to an arbitrary value. However, as the period length b decreases, the two light emitting periods positioned around the center become more likely to be visually confirmed as a unitary light emitting period and motion blur becomes less likely to be visually confirmed.
In the case of the present particular example, the ratio of the period lengths a and b is set to a ratio reciprocal to the ratio of the light emitting periods. In particular, the ratio a:b is set to 2:1.
Also in the case of the present particular example, as the total light emitting period length increases, the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary so as to be leftwardly and rightwardly symmetrical with respect to the point of 30% within the one-field period which is the center of the variation range.
Naturally, the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary in a state wherein the ratio of 1:2:2:1 is kept satisfied. Then, if the total light emitting period length reaches its maximum value, then all of the light emitting periods become a unified single light emitting period as seen in
At this time, if it is assumed that the total light emitting period is given by A% of a one-field period, then the light emitting periods and the no-light emitting periods are given by the expressions give below.
In the following description, the period length of the first and fourth light emitting periods is represented by T1 and the period length of the second and third light emitting periods is represented by T2. Further, the period length of the first and third no-light emitting periods is represented by T3, and the period length of the second no-light emitting period is represented by T4.
T1=A%/6
T2=A %/3
T3={(60%−A%)/5}*2
T4={(60%−A%)/5}
For example, if the total light emitting period length is 40% of a one-field period, then the period lengths are calculated in the following manner:
T1=40%/6=6.66%
T2=40%/3=13.3%
T3={(60%−40%)/5}*2=8%
T4=(60%−40%)/5=4%
As a result, where the start timing and the end timing of each light emitting period are represented by (X%, Y%), the arrangement positions of the light emitting periods are set in the following manner:
First light emitting period: (0%, 6.66%)
Second light emitting period: (14.66%, 28%)
Third light emitting period: (32%, 45.3%)
Fourth light emitting period: (53.3%, 60%)
It is to be noted that, as described hereinabove, where the total light emitting period length is 60% of a one-field period, the only one light emitting period is set as (0%, 60%).
Further, in the case of the particular example 1, 60% of a one-field period are set as an apparent appearance range of a light emitting period. Therefore, basically flickering is not perceived.
As described above, also where the light emitting period number is an even number, it is possible to make two light emitting periods, which are positioned in the proximity of the center, be visually confirmed as a unitary light emitting period. As a result, it is possible to set light emitting periods with which flickering is less likely to be conspicuous and a moving picture image of high display quality can be displayed.
Now, a setting example wherein the light emitting period number N is 4 is described. It is to be noted that, also in the present particular example, the period length of the four light emitting periods satisfies the ratio of 1:2:2:1.
The particular example 2 is different from the particular example 1 in that the ratio of the period lengths of the no-light emitting periods is set so that the second and third light emitting periods approach each other.
In particular, the ratio a:b is set to 4:1.
It is to be noted that also
Therefore, the light emitting periods are varied within the range of 0% to 60% of a one-field period. Further, the range from 60% to 100% of each one-field period is normally set to a no-light emitting period. The presence of such a fixed non-light emitting period as just described is essentially required in order to raise the visibility of a moving picture.
As a result, the start timing of the first light emitting period is fixed to 0%, and the end timing of the fourth light emitting period is fixed to 60%.
Also in the case of the present particular example, as the total light emitting period length increases, the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary so as to be leftwardly and rightwardly symmetrical with respect to the point of 30% within the one-field period which is the center of the variation range.
Naturally, the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary in a state wherein the ratio of 1:2:2:1 is kept satisfied. Then, if the total light emitting period length reaches its maximum value, then all of the light emitting periods become a unified single light emitting period as seen in
At this time, if it is assumed that the total light emitting period is given by A% of a one-field period, then the light emitting periods and the no-light emitting periods are given by the expressions give below.
In the following description, the period length of the first and fourth light emitting periods is represented by T1 and the period length of the second and third light emitting periods is represented by T2. Further, the period length of the first and third no-light emitting periods is represented by T3, and the period length of the second no-light emitting period is represented by T4.
T1=A%/6
T2=A%/3
T3={(60%−A%)/9}*4
T4=(60%−A%)/9
For example, if the total light emitting period length is 40% of a one-field period, then the period lengths are calculated in the following manner:
T1=40%/6=6.66%
T2=40%/3=13.3%
T3={(60%−40%)/9}*4=8.88%
T4=(60%−40%)/9=2.2%
As a result, where the start timing and the end timing of each light emitting period are represented by (X%, Y%), the arrangement positions of the light emitting periods are set in the following manner:
First light emitting period: (0%, 6.66%)
Second light emitting period: (15.5%, 28.8%)
Third light emitting period: (31%, 44.3%)
Fourth light emitting period: (53.3%, 60%)
It is to be noted that, as described hereinabove, where the total light emitting period length is 60% of a one-field period, the only one light emitting period is set as (0%, 60%).
Further, in the case of the particular example 2, 60% of a one-field period are set as an apparent appearance range of a light emitting period. Therefore, basically flickering is not perceived.
It is to be noted that, with the present particular example 2, the unity of the two light emitting periods positioned at the center can be further enhanced from that in the particular example 1. As a result, it is possible to set light emitting periods with which flickering is less likely to be conspicuous and a moving picture image of high display quality can be displayed.
Now, a setting example wherein the light emitting period number N is 4 is described. It is to be noted that, also in the present particular example, the period length of the light emitting periods is set so as to satisfy the ratio of 1:2:2:1.
The particular example 3 is different from the particular examples 1 and 2 in that the period length of the second no-light emitting period is fixed until the total light emitting period length reaches a preset value. In other words, in the particular example 3, only the first and third no-light emitting periods are varied until the total light emitting period length reach the preset value.
It is to be noted that the period length of the second no-light emitting periods is preferably set to a value as low as possible because the second and third light emitting periods approach each other.
Further, the period lengths of the first and third no-light emitting periods are set so as to be equal to each other.
Also in the example of
As a result, the start timing of the first light emitting period is fixed to 0%, and the end timing of the fourth light emitting period is fixed to 60%.
Also in the case of the present particular example, as the total light emitting period length increases, the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary so as to be leftwardly and rightwardly symmetrical with respect to the point of 30% within the one-field period which is the center of the variation range.
Naturally, the period lengths of the light emitting periods vary in a state wherein the ratio of 1:2:2:1 is kept satisfied. Then, if the total light emitting period length reaches its maximum value, then all of the light emitting periods become a unified single light emitting period as seen in
At this time, if it is assumed that the total light emitting period is given by A% of a one-field period, then when the period length of the second no-light emitting period is fixed to b%, the light emitting periods and the no-light emitting periods are given by the expressions give below.
In the following description, the period length of the first and fourth light emitting periods is represented by T1 and the period length of the second and third light emitting periods is represented by T2. Further, the period length of the first and third no-light emitting periods is represented by T3.
Where the total light emitting period length is equal to or greater than 0% but equal to or lower than 60−b%, the three emitting periods are given by the following expressions:
T1=A%/6
T2=A%/3
T3=(60%−A%−b%)/2
For example, if the total light emitting period length is 40% of a one-field period and the period length of the second no-light emitting period is 1%, then the period lengths where the total light emitting period length is equal to or higher than 0% but equal to or lower than 59% are given by the following expressions:
T1=40%/6=6.66%
T2=40%/3=13.3%
T3=(60%−40%−i%)/2=9.5%
As a result, where the start timing and the end timing of each light emitting period are represented by (X%, Y%), and the period lengths where the total light emitting period length is equal to or higher than 0% but equal to or lower than 59%, the arrangement positions of the light emitting periods are set in the following manner:
First light emitting period: (0%, 6.66%)
Second light emitting period: (16.1%, 29.5%)
Third light emitting period: (30.5%, 43.7%)
Fourth light emitting period: (53.3%, 60%)
It is to be noted that, where the total light emitting period length is greater than 60−b%, the number of light emitting periods becomes two. Also here, where the period length of the first and second light emitting periods is represented by T1 and the period length of the no-light emitting period between them is represented by T2, the period lengths are given by the following expressions:
T1=A%/2
T2=60%−A%
For example, if the total light emitting period length is 59.6% of a one-field period, then the period lengths are given by the following expressions:
T1=59.6%/2=29.8%
T2=60%−59.6%=0.4%
As a result, where the start timing and the end timing of each light emitting period are represented by (X%, Y%), the arrangement positions of the light emitting periods where the total light emitting period length is 59.6% of a one-field period are set in the following manner:
First light emitting period: (0%, 29.8%)
Second light emitting period: (30.2%, 60%)
Naturally, where the total light emitting period length is 60% of a one-field period, the only one light emitting period is set as (0%, 60%).
Further, in the case of the particular example 3, 60% of a one-field period are set as an apparent appearance range of a light emitting period. Therefore, basically flickering is not perceived.
It is to be noted that, according to the present setting method, as the period length of those light emitting periods to be set at a central portion of the variation range decreases, the arrangement of the light emitting periods approaches the arrangement of the light emitting periods where the light emitting period number N is an odd number.
As a result of the foregoing, it is possible to set light emitting periods with which flickering is less likely to occur and a moving picture image of high display quality can be displayed.
The setting method described above can be applied similarly also where the light emitting period number N is any odd number equal to or higher than 6.
In particular, a comparatively high rate is allocated to the period length of a light emitting period from among the N light emitting periods which is comparatively near to the center of the N light emitting periods and the individual period lengths are varied in response to variation of the total light emitting period length while the rates are maintained.
In this instance, the technique of the particular examples described above can be applied also to allocation of the no-light emitting periods.
For example, it is possible to apply the method wherein all period lengths are set equal to each other or the method wherein a comparatively low rate is applied to a no-light emitting period which is positioned comparatively near to the center. In addition, a method is adopted wherein the period length of the no-light emitting period positioned at the center can be basically fixed
For example, the period length of the light emitting periods may be set to a ratio of 1:1.5:3:3:1.5:1 in the appearing order of them. Or, for example, where the light emitting period number N is 8, the period length of the light emitting periods is set to a ratio of 1:1.25:1.5:2.5:2.5:1.5:1.25:1 in the appearing order of them.
In the embodiment described above, the start timing of the first light emitting period and the end timing of the Nth light emitting period are fixed.
In other words, in the embodiment described above, the start timing of the first light emitting period is set to 0% of a one-field period and the end timing of the Nth light emitting period is set to a maximum value of the total light emitting period length.
However, another setting method may be applied alternatively wherein also the start timing of the first light emitting period and the end timing of the Nth light emitting period are varied similarly to the other light emitting periods.
Accordingly, in
In this instance, the apparent light emitting period is variably controlled in response to the total light emitting period length within the range of 45% to 60%. Accordingly, flickering is not perceived. Further, in this instance, a no-light emitting period of at least 40% is assured, and a continuous no-light emitting period of approximately 55% in the maximum can be assured. Therefore, also the moving picture responsibility can be enhanced.
In the embodiment described above, the start timing of the first light emitting period is set to 0% of a one-field period and the end timing of the Nth light emitting period is set to a maximum value of the total light emitting period length.
However, the variation range of the light emitting period may be set to any range within a one-field period.
In particular,
It is to be noted that
Meanwhile,
The setting method of a light emitting period described above can be applied to apparatus other than the organic EL panel. For example, the setting method can be applied also to an inorganic EL panel, a display panel including an array of LEDs, and a display panel of the self-luminous type wherein EL elements having a diode structure are arrayed on a display screen.
Further, the setting method of a light emitting period described above can be applied also to a liquid crystal display panel wherein an EL element is used for a backlight source or a display panel of the non-self-luminous type.
The liquid crystal panel 241 includes a pixel array section 243, a control line driving section 245 configured to drive writing control lines WSL, a signal line driving section 247 configured to drive signal lines DTL, a backlight driving section 51 for driving LEDs 49 for a backlight, and a light emitting period setting section 33 configured to set a light emitting period, arranged on a glass substrate as a support substrate.
The pixel array section 243 has a pixel structure wherein sub pixels 61 are arranged in a matrix, and functions as a liquid crystal shutter. In this instance, each of the sub pixels 61 controls the transmission amount (including interception) of backlight light based on a signal potential Vsig corresponding to gradation information.
The control line driving section 245 is a circuit device for driving a writing control line WSL connected to the gate electrode of the sampling transistor T1 with a binary potential. Meanwhile, the signal line driving section 247 is a circuit device for applying a signal potential Vsig to a signal line DTL to which the sampling transistor T1 is connected at one of main electrodes thereof.
Referring back to
The foregoing description is given taking an organic EL panel which incorporates the setting function of a light emitting period according to the embodiment described hereinabove as an example. However, an organic EL panel and other display panels which incorporate the setting function described above are distributed also in the form of products in which they are incorporated in various electronic apparatus. In the following, examples of an electronic apparatus in which the organic EL panel or the like is incorporated are described.
It is to be noted that the electronic apparatus 71 is not limited to an apparatus in a particular field only if it incorporates a function of displaying an image produced in the apparatus or inputted from the outside.
The electronic apparatus 71 may alternatively have a form of, for example, a digital camera.
Referring to
The electronic apparatus 71 may otherwise have a form of, for example, a video camera.
Referring to
The electronic apparatus 71 may alternatively have a form of, for example, a portable terminal apparatus.
The portable telephone set 121 includes an upper side housing 123, a lower side housing 125, a connection section 127 in the form of a hinge section, a display screen 129, a sub display screen 131, a picture light 133 and an image pickup lens 135. The display screen 129 and the sub display screen 131 correspond to the display panel 73.
The electronic apparatus 71 may otherwise have a form of, for example, a computer.
Referring to
The electronic apparatus 71 may otherwise have various other forms such as an audio reproduction apparatus, a game machine, an electronic book and an electronic dictionary.
In the foregoing description, examples of a pixel circuit of the active matrix driving type (
However, the configuration of the pixel circuit is not limited to this, but the present invention can be applied also to pixel circuits of various existing configurations or various configurations which may be proposed in the future.
The embodiments described above may be modified in various manners without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Also various modifications and applications may be created or combined based on the disclosure of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-028628 | Feb 2008 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 15/210,028, filed Jul. 14, 2016, which is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 15/065,445, filed Mar. 9, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,646,538, issued on May 9, 2017, which is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 14/315,547, filed Jun. 26, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,361,857, issued on Jun. 7, 2016, which is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser No. 12/320,470, filed Jan. 27, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,817,012, issued on Aug. 26, 2014, which in turn claims priority from Japanese Patent Application JP 2008-028628 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Feb. 8, 2008, the entire contents of which being incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15210028 | Jul 2016 | US |
| Child | 15682964 | US | |
| Parent | 15065445 | Mar 2016 | US |
| Child | 15210028 | US | |
| Parent | 14315547 | Jun 2014 | US |
| Child | 15065445 | US | |
| Parent | 12320470 | Jan 2009 | US |
| Child | 14315547 | US |
