Patent Grant
11713423
None.
The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for processing natural gas. In another aspect, methods and apparatus are provided for removing heavies from natural gas using a light oil reflux in a heavies removal unit.
In the processing of natural gas there are several challenges with the existing heavies removal processes. In the current heavies removal system for the LNG Optimized Cascade Process, as the natural gas feed becomes leaner in C2 through C5, but not in C6+ components, an increased lean reflux rate to the heavies removal column results. The rate increases in order to remove C6+ components. This in turn results in increased process operating and capital expenditures as a result of increased natural gas flow to the compressors in the reflux loop (i.e. the reflux stream is sent to compressors while still a gas before being condensed and directed to the heavies removal column).
Various nonlimiting embodiments include methods, apparatuses or systems for processing natural gas comprising a heavies removal column receiving and processing natural gas and light oil reflux. The first overhead stream goes to heavies treated natural gas storage. The heavies removal column reboiler bottoms stream product is input to a debutanizer column. The debutanizer column overhead lights go to a flash drum where flash drum bottoms is pumped through a heat exchanger as a light oil reflux input to the heavies removal column, while the debutanizer reboiler bottoms product is routed to stabilized condensate storage. Alternatively, debutanizer column overhead lights are sent to heavies treated gas storage and the bottoms stream product goes to a depentanizer column, where the overhead lights are pumped through a heat exchanger as a light oil reflux input to the heavies removal column, while the depentanizer reboiler bottoms product is routed to stabilized condensate storage.
A more complete understanding of the present invention and benefits thereof may be acquired by referring to the follow description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Turning now to the detailed description of the preferred arrangement or arrangements of the present invention, it should be understood that the inventive features and concepts may be manifested in other arrangements and that the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described or illustrated. The scope of the invention is intended only to be limited by the scope of the claims that follow.
One of the main issues with the current heavies removal system in the LNG Optimized Cascade Process is that as the natural gas feed becomes leaner in C2 through C5, but not in C6+ components, this results in increased lean reflux rate to the heavies removal column in order to remove C6+ components. This in turn increases process opex and capex as a result of increased natural gas flow to the compressors in the reflux loop when the reflux stream is sent to compressors while still a gas before being condensed and directed to the heavies removal column.
Embodiments disclosed herein improve processing by replacing the lean reflux stream with a light oil reflux stream. The light oil stream eliminates the need for reflux gas compression and increases the separation efficiency of the heavy components from the natural gas via either a C4-C5 reflux stream or external condensate stream. The methods, processes and systems disclosed herein reduce the opex and potentially the capex of the heavies removal process by reducing the need for gas compression. Due to its ability to use an external condensate stream it also has the ability to run leaner feeds than the current process.
The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Optimized Cascade Process uses a heavies removal distillation column to eliminate C6+ hydrocarbons (i.e. heavy components) from the natural gas prior to condensing the gas to LNG (Note: Gas has already been amine treated and dehydrated prior to heavies removal). Heavies removal is done to prevent freezing from occurring in the liquefaction heat exchangers and to moderate the heating value of the LNG. It also prevents LNG from going off spec due to increased levels of heavy components.
The following examples of certain embodiments of the invention are given. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, one of many embodiments of the invention, and the following examples should not be read to limit, or define, the scope of the invention.
As illustrated in
In contrast to 100, the system, methods and apparatus disclosed herein provide for reducing the opex and potentially the capex of the heavies removal process by reducing the need for gas compression. The invention also increases the separation efficiency of the heavy components from the natural gas via either a C4-C5 reflux stream or external condensate stream. Embodiments disclosed here also have the flexibility of blending back in some of the condensed depentanizer overhead into its bottom stream if needed. In addition, condensate can also be injected into the depentanizer in cases where increased reflux is needed to remove heavies from the natural gas feed. This, therefore, allows improved processing compared to processing very lean gas feeds in a two or three column design without condensate injection. Also, due to operating conditions in the plant, minimal losses of injected condensate are expected. Finally, the optional outside condensate allows simple startup for very lean feeds and minimal required storage.
In more specificity, an apparatus or system for processing natural gas comprises a heavies removal column 205 that has a natural gas feed 204 inlet and a light oil reflux feed 203 inlet, the natural gas feed inlet being at a lower elevation than the light oil reflux gas feed inlet, and a first overhead outlet for sending a first overhead stream 220 to a heavies treated natural gas storage 224. A first reboiler 207 is downstream from a bottoms outlet of the heavies removal column 205, the first reboiler 207 receives a heavies removal column bottoms stream 206. A debutanizer column 211 is downstream from the first reboiler 207 for receiving a first reboiler bottoms stream product 209. The debutanizer column 211 has a first condenser 216 and a second reboiler 213. The second reboiler 213 produces a second reboiler bottoms stream product 217. The first condenser 216 partially separates a debutanizer overhead stream 214 into a debutanizer overhead light stream 218 that may be routed to heavies treated natural gas storage 224. A depentanizer column 228 downstream of the second reboiler 213 for receiving the second reboiler bottoms stream product 217, the depentanizer column 228 comprising, a second reboiler bottom stream product inlet, a second condenser 226 and a third reboiler 240, wherein the depentanizer column 228 also comprises an inlet for an optional condensate stream feed 212, the second condenser 226 for partially separating a depentanizer overhead stream 225 into depentanizer overhead light stream 227. The heavies liquid bottom stream 229, passes through reboiler 240, and the heavier components are removed as a bottom stream product as stabilized condensate 215 for sale. A first heat exchanger 234 is downstream of the second condenser 226, the first heat exchanger 234 for obtaining a light oil 235. A pump 250 is downstream from the first heat exchanger 234 for pumping the light oil 235 to a second heat exchanger 201 downstream from the pump 250, the second heat exchanger 201 for providing the light oil reflux 203. The heavies removal column light oil reflux feed inlet is downstream from the second heat exchanger.
In another aspect, the heavies treated natural gas storage is downstream from the overhead outlet of the heavies removal column. A compressor may be downstream from the overhead outlet of the heavies removal column for compressing heavies treated natural gas or downstream from an overhead outlet of the flash drum for compressing heavies treated natural gas. Also, a stabilized condensate storage reservoir may be downstream from the third reboiler.
Similarly a method for natural gas processing is illustrated with
In other aspects, the heavies treated natural gas from the heavies removal column may be routed to a compressor for storage of heavies treated natural gas. The light oil reflux feed inlet is positioned on the heavies removal column at a higher elevation than the natural gas feed inlet. An optional condensate stream 212 is introduced to the depentanizer column. This condensate stream introduced to the depentanizer may comprise butane and pentane.
These embodiments eliminate the need for reflux gas compression. In fact, the overall energy usage of heavies removal is reduced, for example, on one lean natural gas feed by over 80% as compared to the conventional processes. In addition, it increases the separation efficiency of the heavy components from the natural gas via either a C4-C5 reflux stream and/or external condensate stream. In the case of 200 the external stream 212 can be inputted into the process via the depentanizer 228. Also, the system, methods and apparatus provided has the flexibility of blending back in some of the condensed depentanizer overhead 225 into its bottom stream output by routing the depentanizer overhead 225 through the condenser 226, the heat exchanger 234, to pump 250, then by path 260 routing to storage or sale as stabilized condensate 215.
An alternative process to the illustration in 200 is illustrated with the diagram of
As illustrated in
In other aspect the heavies treated natural gas is routed from the flash drum to a compressor for storage of heavies treated natural gas. The light oil reflux feed inlet is positioned on the heavies removal column at a higher elevation than the natural gas feed inlet. A condensate stream 312 may be introduced to the debutanizer column 311. This condensate stream introduced to the debutanizer may comprise of butanes and pentanes. The light oil reflux may predominantly include one or more of isobutane, normal butane, and isopentane and normal pentane.
Other nonlimiting embodiments provided herein, also illustrated with
In other aspects a heavies treated natural gas storage is located downstream from the overhead outlet of the heavies removal column. A compressor may be downstream from an overhead outlet of the heavies removal column for compressing heavies treated natural gas. Also a compressor may be downstream from an overhead outlet of the flash drum for compressing heavies treated natural gas. Further, there may be a stabilized condensate storage reservoir downstream from the reboiler of the debutanizer column.
In closing, it should be noted that the discussion of any reference is not an admission that it is prior art to the present invention, especially any reference that may have a publication date after the priority date of this application. At the same time, each and every claim below is hereby incorporated into this detailed description or specification as a additional embodiments of the present invention.
Although the systems and processes described herein have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims. Those skilled in the art may be able to study the preferred embodiments and identify other ways to practice the invention that are not exactly as described herein. It is the intent of the inventors that variations and equivalents of the invention are within the scope of the claims while the description, abstract and drawings are not to be used to limit the scope of the invention. The invention is specifically intended to be as broad as the claims below and their equivalents.
This application is a divisional application which claims benefit under 35 USC § 120 to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/926,099 filed Mar. 20, 2018, entitled “LIGHT OIL REFLUX HEAVIES REMOVAL PROCESS,” which claims benefit under 35 USC § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/474,151 filed Mar. 21, 2017, entitled “LIGHT OIL REFLUX HEAVIES REMOVAL PROCESS,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20210108147 A1 | Apr 2021 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 62474151 | Mar 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15926099 | Mar 2018 | US |
| Child | 17247622 | US |
