Patent Application
20250098534
The present application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0120772, filed on Sep. 12, 2023, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light receiving element, an electronic device, and a polycyclic compound for the light receiving element.
Various types (kinds) of electronic devices are utilized to provide image information, and the electronic devices serve one or more suitable functions that allow electronic and organic communication with users, such as detecting user inputs. For example, current electronic devices include a function for detecting and recognizing external inputs provided from the outside.
External input recognition methods include a capacitance method detecting changes in capacitance formed between electrodes, an optical method detecting incident light utilizing an optical sensor, and an ultrasonic method detecting vibration utilizing a piezoelectric material. Meanwhile, when the optical sensor is included and utilized, what is needed and desired is to increase efficiency in absorbing light and converting absorbed light into electrical signals to improve sensitivity of light receiving elements of the optical sensor.
One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward a light receiving element having improved light receiving efficiency and improved deposition quality.
One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward an electronic device having improved light receiving efficiency.
One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward a polycyclic compound capable of improving the light receiving efficiency and deposition quality of a light receiving element.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.
According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a light receiving element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and a light receiving layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light receiving layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1.
In Formula 1, n1 and n2 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10. Ar1 and Ar2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms. Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by any one selected from among Formulas Q-1 to Q-7.
In Formulas Q-1 to Q-7, n101, n102, and n104 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3. n103 and n110 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 2. n108, n109, and n111 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 5. X1 to X3 may each independently be oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium.
R101 to R103 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. R104 to R112 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-1, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by any one selected from among Formulas R-11 to R-19.
In Formulas R-11 to R-19, is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-2, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by any one selected from among Formulas R-21 to R-24.
In Formulas R-21 to R-24, is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-3, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by any one selected from among Formulas R-31 to R-34.
In Formulas R-31 to R-34, is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-4, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by Formula R-41 or Formula R-42.
In Formulas R-41 and R-42, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-5, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by Formula R-51 or Formula R-52.
In Formulas R-51 and R-52, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-6, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by Formula R-61.
In Formula R-61, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-7, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by Formula R-71.
In Formula R-71, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by any one selected from among Formulas A-1 to A-5.
In Formulas A-1 to A-5, X4 and X5 may each independently be oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Q1 and Q2 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by any one selected from among Formulas 1-1 to 1-6.
In Formulas 1-1 to 1-6, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving layer may further include a second compound represented by Formula 2.
In Formula 2, Cy1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. A1 and A2 may each independently be oxygen or NR113. R113 may be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving layer may include a light absorption layer containing the first compound and a photoelectric conversion layer containing the second compound.
In one or more embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer may be on the light absorption layer.
In one or more embodiments, an interface may be defined between the light absorption layer and the photoelectric conversion layer.
In one or more embodiments, the light emitting element may further include a hole control layer between the first electrode and the light receiving layer, and an electron control layer between the light receiving layer and the second electrode.
In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be any one selected from among compounds of Compound Group 1, and the second compound represented by Formula 2 may be any one selected from among compounds of Compound Group 2.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic device includes a base layer and a display element layer including a light emitting element and a light receiving element, wherein the light emitting element includes a first light emitting electrode on the base layer, an emission layer on the first light emitting electrode, and a second light emitting electrode on the emission layer, the light receiving element includes a first light receiving electrode on the base layer, a light receiving layer on the first light receiving electrode, and a second light receiving electrode on the light receiving layer, and the light receiving layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a polycyclic compound is represented by Formula 1.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain principles of the present disclosure. Above and/or other aspects of the present disclosure should become apparent and appreciated from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
The present disclosure may be modified in many alternate forms, and thus one or more embodiments will be exemplified in the drawings and described in more detail. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but rather, is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
In describing the drawings, like reference numerals are utilized for like elements. In the drawings, the sizes of elements may be exaggerated for clarity. It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” and/or the like may be utilized herein to describe one or more suitable elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only utilized to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. As utilized herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “one,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present disclosure refers to “one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.”
In the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms, “comprise(s)/include(s)/have (has)” and “comprising/including/having” are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or a (e.g., any suitable) combination thereof in the disclosure, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or a (e.g., any suitable) combination thereof.
In the present disclosure, it should be understood that if (e.g., when) an element such as a layer, a film, a region, or a substrate is referred to as being “on” or “above” another element, it may be “directly on” the other element or intervening elements may also be present therebetween. However, “directly on” may refer to that there are no additional layers, films, regions, substrates, etc., between a layer, a film, a region, or a substrate and the other element. In contrast, it should be understood that if (e.g., when) an element such as a layer, a film, a region, or a substrate is referred to as being “beneath” or “under” another element, it may be “directly under” the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In addition, in the present disclosure, it should be understood that if (e.g., when) an element is referred to as being “on”, it may be as being “above” or “under” the other element.
In the present disclosure, the term “substituted or unsubstituted” may indicate that one is substituted or unsubstituted with at least one substituent selected from among the group consisting of deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a silyl group, a germyl group, an oxy group, a thio group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, a boron group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphine sulfide group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydrocarbon ring group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group. In one or more embodiments, each of the substituents presented may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, a biphenyl group may be interpreted as an aryl group or as a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.
As utilized herein, the term “bonded to an adjacent group to form (or provide) a ring” may indicate that one group is bonded to an adjacent group to form (or provide) a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. The hydrocarbon ring may include an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring and/or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The heterocycle may include an aliphatic heterocycle and/or an aromatic heterocycle. The hydrocarbon ring and the heterocycle may each be monocyclic or polycyclic. In one or more embodiments, the rings formed by adjacent groups being bonded to each other may be linked to another ring to form (or provide) a spiro structure.
As utilized herein, the term “adjacent group” may refer to a substituent substituted for an atom which is directly linked to an atom substituted with a corresponding substituent, another substituent substituted for an atom which is substituted with a corresponding substituent, or a substituent sterically positioned at the nearest position to a corresponding substituent. For example, two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene may be interpreted as mutually “adjacent groups”, and two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane may be interpreted as mutually “adjacent groups”. In one or more embodiments, two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene may be interpreted as mutually “adjacent groups”.
As utilized herein, examples of a halogen may include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
As utilized herein, an alkyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a s-butyl group, a t-butyl group, an i-butyl group, a 2-ethylbutyl group, a 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, an n-pentyl group, an i-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, a t-pentyl group, a 1-methylpentyl group, a 3-methylpentyl group, a 2-ethylpentyl group, a 4-methyl-2-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, a 1-methylhexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, a 2-butylhexyl group, an n-heptyl group, a 1-methylheptyl group, a 2,2-dimethylheptyl group, a 2-ethylheptyl group, a 2-butylheptyl group, an n-octyl group, a t-octyl group, a 2-ethyloctyl group, a 2-butyloctyl group, a 2-hexyloctyl group, a 3,7-dimethyloctyl group, an n-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an adamantyl group, a 2-ethyldecyl group, a 2-butyldecyl group, a 2-hexyldecyl group, a 2-octyldecyl group, an n-undecyl group, an n-dodecyl group, a 2-ethyldodecyl group, a 2-butyldodecyl group, a 2-hexyldocecyl group, a 2-octyldodecyl group, an n-tridecyl group, an n-tetradecyl group, an n-pentadecyl group, an n-hexadecyl group, a 2-ethylhexadecyl group, a 2-butylhexadecyl group, a 2-hexylhexadecyl group, a 2-octylhexadecyl group, an n-heptadecyl group, an n-octadecyl group, an n-nonadecyl group, an n-eicosyl group, a 2-ethyleicosyl group, a 2-butyleicosyl group, a 2-hexyleicosyl group, a 2-octyleicosyl group, an n-heneicosyl group, an n-docosyl group, an n-tricosyl group, an n-tetracosyl group, an n-pentacosyl group, an n-hexacosyl group, an n-heptacosyl group, an n-octacosyl group, an n-nonacosyl group, an n-triacontyl group, and/or the like, but embodiments of present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, a cycloalkyl group may refer to a cyclic alkyl group. The number of carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group may be 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a 4-methylcyclohexyl group, a 4-t-butylcyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group, a cyclodecyl group, a norbornyl group, a 1-adamantyl group, a 2-adamantyl group, an isobornyl group, a bicycloheptyl group, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, an alkenyl group refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, for example, may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the alkenyl group include a vinyl group, a 1-butenyl group, a 1-pentenyl group, a 1,3-butadienyl aryl group, a styrenyl group, a styryl vinyl group, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, an alkynyl group refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, for example, may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the alkynyl group may include an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, a hydrocarbon ring group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. The hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms.
As utilized herein, an aryl group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl group may be a monocyclic aryl group or a polycyclic aryl group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the aryl group may be 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of the aryl group may include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthryl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a quaterphenyl group, a quinquephenyl group, a sexiphenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a benzofluoranthenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, a fluorenyl group may be substituted, and two substituents may be bonded to each other to form (or provide) a spiro structure. Examples that the fluorenyl group is substituted are as follows. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, a heterocyclic group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, Se, or Te as a hetero atom. The heterocyclic group may include an aliphatic heterocyclic group and/or an aromatic heterocyclic group. The aromatic heterocyclic group may be a heteroaryl group. The aliphatic heterocycle and the aromatic heterocycle may each be monocyclic or polycyclic.
As utilized herein, a heterocyclic group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, Se, or Te as a hetero atom. When the heterocyclic group contains two or more hetero atoms, the two or more hetero atoms may be the same as or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group, and may include a heteroaryl group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10.
As utilized herein, an aliphatic heterocyclic group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, Se, or Te as a hetero atom. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include an oxirane group, a thiirane group, a pyrrolidine group, a piperidine group, a tetrahydrofuran group, a tetrahydrothiophene group, a thiane group, a tetrahydropyran group, a 1,4-dioxane group, and/or the like, but are not limited to thereto
As utilized herein, a heteroaryl group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, Se, or Te as a hetero atom. When the heteroaryl group contains two or more hetero atoms, the two or more hetero atoms may be the same as or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heteroaryl group or a polycyclic heteroaryl group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the heteroaryl group may include a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyridine group, a bipyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a triazine group, a triazole group, an acridyl group, a pyridazine group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinoline group, a quinazoline group, a quinoxaline group, a phenoxazine group, a phthalazine group, a pyrido pyrimidine group, a pyrido pyrazine group, a pyrazino pyrazine group, an isoquinoline group, an indole group, a carbazole group, an N-arylcarbazole group, an N-heteroarylcarbazole group, an N-alkylcarbazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a thienothiophene group, a benzofuran group, a phenanthroline group, a thiazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a phenothiazine group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzofuran group, an indolocarbazole group, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, the above description of the aryl group may be applied to an arylene group, except that the arylene group is a divalent group. The above description of the heteroaryl group may be applied to a heteroarylene group, except that the heteroarylene group is a divalent group.
As utilized herein, the number of carbon atoms in a carbonyl group is not particularly limited, for example, may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have the following structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, the number of carbon atoms in a sulfinyl group and/or a sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, for example, may be 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may include an alkyl sulfinyl group and/or an aryl sulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may include an alkyl sulfonyl group and/or an aryl sulfonyl group.
As utilized herein, a thio group may include an alkyl thio group and/or an aryl thio group. The thio group may indicate a group that a sulfur atom is bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group defined above. Examples of the thio group may include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, a pentylthio group, a hexylthio group, an octylthio group, a dodecylthio group, a cyclopentylthio group, a cyclohexylthio group, a phenylthio group, a naphthylthio group, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to thereto.
As utilized herein, an oxy group may indicate a group that an oxygen atom is bonded to an alkyl group or aryl group defined above. The oxy group may include an alkoxy group and/or an aryl oxy group. The alkoxy group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. Examples of the oxy group include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, benzyloxy, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, a boron group may refer to a group that a boron atom is bonded to an alkyl group or aryl group defined above. The boron group may include an alkyl boron group and/or an aryl boron group. Examples of the boron group may include a dimethyl boron group, a diethyl boron group, a t-butylmethyl boron group, a diphenyl boron group, a phenyl boron group, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
In the present disclosure, an alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not particularly limited, for example, may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the alkenyl group may include a vinyl group, a 1-butenyl group, a 1-pentenyl group, a 1,3-butadienyl aryl group, a styrenyl group, a styryl vinyl group, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, the number of carbon atoms in an amine group is not particularly limited, for example, may be 1 to 30. The amine group may include an alkyl amine group and/or an aryl amine group. Examples of the amine group may include a methylamine group, a dimethylamine group, a phenylamine group, a diphenylamine group, a naphthylamine group, a 9-methyl-anthracenylamine group, a triphenylamine group, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
As utilized herein, the above-described examples of the alkyl group may also apply to an alkylthio group, an alkyl sulfoxy group, an alkyl aryl group, an alkylamino group, an alkyl boron group, an alkyl silyl group, and an alkyl amine group.
As utilized herein, the above-described examples of the aryl group may also apply to an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an aryl sulfoxy group, an aryl amino group, an aryl boron group, an aryl silyl group, and an aryl amine group.
As utilized herein, a direct linkage may refer to a single bond.
In the present disclosure, “” and “-*” each refer to a position to be connected.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An electronic device ED of one or more embodiments shown in
The electronic device ED may display an image IM through an active region ED-AA. The active region ED-AA may include a plane defined by a first direction axis DR1 and a second direction axis DR2. The active region ED-AA may further include a curved surface bent from at least one side of the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. For example, in one or more embodiments, the active region ED-AA may include the plane alone, and the active region ED-AA may further include curved surfaces each bent from at least two sides of the plane (e.g., four curved surfaces each bent from four sides of the plane).
In one or more embodiments,
The first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 herein may be normal (e.g., perpendicular) to each other, and the third direction axis DR3 may be a normal direction with respect to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. The fourth direction axis DR4 may be a direction between the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.
A thickness direction of the electronic device ED may be parallel to the third direction axis DR3 which is a normal direction with respect to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. As described herein, a front surface (or an upper surface) and a rear surface (or a lower surface) of members constituting the electronic device ED may be defined with respect to the third direction axis DR3.
The image IM provided in electronic device ED of one or more embodiments may include still images as well as dynamic images. In
In one or more embodiments, the electronic device ED may detect user inputs applied from the outside. For example, the user inputs may include one or more suitable types (kinds) of external inputs such as a portion of the user's body, light, heat, and/or pressure. The electronic device ED of one or more embodiments may detect the user inputs through the active region ED-AA and respond to detected input signals. In one or more embodiments, the user inputs applied to a side surface and/or a rear surface of the electronic device ED may also be detected depending on a provided design of the electronic device ED, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to.
For example, the electronic device ED according to one or more embodiments may detect biometric information such as a user's fingerprint FG applied from the outside. A fingerprint recognition region may be provided in the active region ED-AA of the electronic device ED. The fingerprint recognition region may be provided in an entire region of the active region ED-AA or may be provided in some region of the active region ED-AA. In one or more embodiments, the fingerprint recognition region may be an external input recognition region that detects not only the user's biometric information but also inputs provided from the outside.
Referring to
The display module DM according to one or more embodiments may be divided into an active region AA and a peripheral region NAA. The active region AA may be a region activated according to electrical signals. As described above, the active region AA may be a portion that displays images and/or detects external inputs.
The peripheral region NAA may be a region adjacent to at least one side of the active region AA. The peripheral region NAA may be arranged to be around (e.g., surround) the active region AA. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, for example, a portion of the peripheral region NAA may not be provided in one or more embodiments. A driving circuit, a driving line, and/or the like for driving the active region AA may be arranged in the peripheral region NAA.
The electronic device ED according to one or more embodiments may include light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B (
The display module DM according to one or more embodiments may include a display panel DP and an input sensing layer ISL arranged on the display panel DP. In one or more embodiments, the display module DM may include an anti-reflection member RP. In one or more embodiments, the anti-reflection member RP may be arranged on the input sensing layer ISL. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the input sensing layer ISL is not provided, the anti-reflection member RP may be arranged on the display panel DP.
The display panel DP may include a base layer BS and a display element layer EDL arranged on the base layer BS. In one or more embodiments, the display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL arranged on the base layer BS, a display element layer EDL arranged on the circuit layer DP-CL, and an encapsulation layer TFL arranged on the display element layer EDL. The encapsulation layer TFL may cover the display element layer EDL.
In one or more embodiments, the electronic device ED may further include a window member WM arranged on the display module DM. The window member WM may include a window WP and an adhesive layer AP, and the adhesive layer AP may be arranged between the display module DM and the window WP. The adhesive layer AP may be an optically clear adhesive film (OCA) or an optically clear adhesive resin layer (OCR). In one or more embodiments, the adhesive layer AP may not be provided.
The window WP may cover an entire outside of the display module DM. The window WP may have a shape corresponding to a shape of the display module DM. In the electronic device ED of one or more embodiments, the window WP may include an optically transparent insulating material. The window WP may be a glass substrate or a polymer substrate. For example, in one or more embodiments, the window WP may be a tempered glass substrate subjected to a strengthening treatment. The window WP may correspond to an uppermost layer of the electronic device ED.
In one or more embodiments, in the electronic device ED, the window member WM may be divided into a transmission portion TA and a bezel portion BZA. The transmissive portion TA may correspond to the active region AA of the display module DM, and the bezel portion BZA may correspond to the peripheral region NAA of the display module DM.
A front surface of the window member WM including the transmission portion TA and the bezel portion BZA corresponds to a front surface of the electronic device ED. Users may view images provided through the transmission portion TA corresponding to the front surface of the electronic device ED.
The bezel portion BZA may define a shape of the transmission portion TA. The bezel portion BZA may be adjacent to the transmission portion TA and may be around (e.g., surround) the transmission portion TA. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to what is shown, for example, in one or more embodiments, the bezel portion BZA may be adjacent to only one side of the transmission portion TA and a portion thereof may not be provided.
In the electronic device ED of one or more embodiments, a portion of the electronic device ED, which is viewed through the bezel portion BZA may have a lower light transmittance than a portion viewed through the transmission portion TA. In one or more embodiments, in the electronic device ED, the bezel portion BZA may be a portion viewed as having a set or predetermined color.
In the electronic device ED of one or more embodiments, the anti-reflection member RP may include a color filter layer CFL (see
The input sensing layer ISL included in the electronic device ED of one or more embodiments may be arranged on the display panel DP. The input sensing layer ISL may detect external inputs applied from the outside. The external inputs may be user inputs. The user inputs may include one or more suitable types (kinds) of external inputs such as a body part of a user, light, heat, pen, or pressure.
The display module DM according to one or more embodiments may include a plurality of light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B and a light receiving region IPA, which are arranged in the active region AA (see
In one or more embodiments, the light emitting regions emitting light of different wavelength ranges among the plurality of light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different surface areas from one another. In this case, the surface area may refer to an area if (e.g., when) viewed on a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 (e.g., a plan view).
However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have substantially the same surface area or different surface area ratios unlike what is shown in
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving region IPA may have a surface area smaller than that of each of the red light emitting region PXA-R, the green light emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light emitting region PXA-B if (e.g., when) viewed on a plane (e.g., in a plan view of the light receiving region IPA). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, for example, the light receiving region IPA may have a surface area substantially equal to or greater than that of at least any one of the red light emitting region PXA-R, the green light emitting region PXA-G, or the blue light emitting region PXA-B.
Referring to
The first group PXG1 to the third group PXG3 may be sequentially arranged in a direction of the second direction axis DR2. Each of the first group PXG1 to the third group PXG3 may be provided in plurality. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure shown in
In one or more embodiments, one green light emitting region PXA-G may be arranged to be spaced and/or apart (e.g., spaced apart or separated) from one red light emitting region PXA-R or one blue light emitting region PXA-B in a direction of the fourth direction axis DR4.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving region IPA is spaced and/or apart (e.g., spaced apart or separated) from each of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, and arranged to be spaced and/or apart (e.g., spaced apart or separated) between the red light emitting region PXA-R and the blue light emitting region PXA-B in the second direction axis DR2. The light receiving region IPA and the green light emitting region PXA-G may be alternately arranged along the first direction axis DR1.
The arrangement structure of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B shown in
The electronic device according to one or more embodiments may include light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B and a light receiving element OPD. The light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B may generate light according to electrical signals. In one or more embodiments, the light receiving element OPD may receive optical signals and convert the optical signals into electrical signals.
Referring to
In one or more embodiments, the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B may include a first light emitting electrode AE-ED, a hole control region HTR, respective emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, an electron control region ETR, and a second light emitting electrode CE-ED. In one or more embodiments, the light receiving element OPD may include a first light receiving electrode AE-OPD, a hole control layer HTR, a light receiving layer OPL, an electron control layer ETR, and a second light receiving electrode CE-OPD, which are sequentially stacked in the stated order.
In one or more embodiments, the emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B included in the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B, respectively, may be layers including an organic light emitting material and/or an inorganic light emitting material, and/or the like, and thus spontaneously emitting light. The light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B may recombine holes and electrons injected from each electrode in the respective emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving layer OPL included in the light receiving element OPD may be a light receiving layer that converts incident light into electrical signals. The light receiving element OPD may separate the provided light into electrons and holes, and may be to transmit the electrons and holes to each respective electrode of the light receiving element OPD.
In one or more embodiments, the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B may respectively be arranged to overlap the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. For example, the emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B included only in the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B may be arranged to overlap only the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, respectively, and may not overlap the light receiving region IPA.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving element OPD may be arranged to overlap the light receiving region IPA. For example, the light receiving layer OPL, which is included only in the light receiving element OPD, may be arranged to overlap only the light receiving region IPA and may not overlap the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.
For example, light emitted from the light emitting element ED-G and reflected from external objects is incident on the light receiving element OPD, and the incident light is separated into holes and electrons in the light receiving layer OPL of the light receiving element OPD, and then the holes and the electrons are transmitted to respective electrode AE-OPD and CE-OPD. Accordingly, optical signals are converted into electrical signals.
Referring back to
The base layer BS may have a multi-layer structure. For example, in one or more embodiments, the base layer BS may have a three-layer structure of a synthetic resin layer, an adhesive layer, and a synthetic resin layer. In one or more embodiments, the synthetic resin layer may include a polyimide-based resin. In one or more embodiments, the synthetic resin layer may include at least one of an acrylate-based resin, a methacrylate-based resin, a polyisoprene-based resin, a vinyl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose-based resin, a siloxane-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, or a perylene-based resin. In the present disclosure, as described herein, a “˜˜based” resin may be considered as including a functional group of “˜˜”.
The circuit layer DP-CL is arranged on the base layer BS. The circuit layer DP-CL may include an insulating layer, a semiconductor pattern, a conductive pattern, a signal line, and/or the like. The insulating layer, a semiconductor layer, and a conductive layer may be formed on the base layer BS through coating or deposition, and subsequently, the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer may be selectively patterned through multiple times of a photolithography process. Then, the semiconductor pattern, the conductive pattern, and the signal line included in the circuit layer DP-CL may be formed.
The display element layer EDL may be arranged on the circuit layer DP-CL. The display element layer EDL may include light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B and a light receiving element OPD. For example, the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B included in the display element layer EDL may include an organic light emitting element, a quantum dot light emitting element, a micro LED light emitting element, or a nano LED light emitting element. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, for example, the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B may include one or more suitable embodiments as long as light is generated or an amount of light is controlled or selected according to electrical signals.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving element OPD may be a light sensor that receives and recognizes light reflected by external objects. In one or more embodiments, the light receiving element OPD may be a light sensor that recognizes light in a visible light range, which is reflected by external objects. In one or more embodiments, the light receiving element OPD may be a biometric sensor that recognizes light reflected from a user's body part, such as fingerprint and vein, and converts light signals into electrical signals.
The display element layer EDL includes the pixel defining film PDL in which openings OP-E and OP-I are defined, and the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B and the light receiving element OPD may be separated and distinguished with respect to the pixel defining film PDL. In the pixel defining film PDL, provided are a first opening OP-E in which components of the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B are arranged and a second opening OP-I in which components of the light receiving element OPD are arranged,
The pixel defining film PDL may be arranged on the base layer BS. The pixel defining film PDL may be arranged on the circuit layer DP-CL, and may expose a portion of an upper surface of a first electrode AE. In the presented embodiment of
In one or more embodiments, the pixel defining film PDL may be formed of a polymer resin. For example, the pixel defining film PDL may be formed including a polyacrylate-based resin or a polyimide-based resin. In one or more embodiments, the pixel defining film PDL may be formed by further including an inorganic material in addition to the polymer resin. In one or more embodiments, the pixel defining film PDL may be formed including a light absorbing material, or may be formed including a black pigment or a black dye. The pixel defining film PDL formed including a black pigment or a black dye may implement a black pixel defining film. When forming (or providing) the pixel defining films PDL, carbon black may be utilized as a black pigment or a black dye, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
In one or more embodiments, the pixel defining film PDL may be formed of an inorganic material. For example, in one or more embodiments, the pixel defining film PDL may be formed including silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon oxide (SiOxNy), and/or the like.
The first electrode AE may include a first light emitting electrode AE-ED arranged corresponding to the first opening OP-E, and a first light receiving electrode AE-OPD arranged corresponding to the second opening OP-I. The first light emitting electrode AE-ED may include a first red light emitting electrode AE-R included in a red light emitting element ED-R, a first green light emitting electrode AE-G included in a green light emitting element ED-G, and a first blue light emitting electrode AE-B included in a blue light emitting element ED-B.
A second electrode CE may include a second light emitting electrode CE-ED arranged on the first light emitting electrode AE-ED, and a second light receiving electrode CE-OPD arranged on the first light receiving electrode AE-OPD. The second light emitting electrode CE-ED may include a second red light emitting electrode CE-R included in the red light emitting element ED-R, a second green light emitting electrode CE-G included in the green light emitting element ED-G, and a second blue light emitting electrode CE-B included in the blue light emitting element ED-B. In one or more embodiments, the second electrode CE may be provided as a common layer.
The light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B may respectively include first light emitting electrodes AE-R, AE-G, and AE-B, second light emitting electrodes CE-R, CE-G, and CE-B, and emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B.
In one or more embodiments, the display element layer EDL may include a red light emitting element ED-R arranged to correspond to the red light emitting region PXA-R and to emit red light, a green light emitting element ED-G arranged to correspond to the green light emitting region PXA-G and to emit green light, and a blue light emitting element ED-B arranged to correspond to the blue light emitting region PXA-B and to emit blue light. The red light emitting element ED-R may include the first red light emitting electrode AE-R and the second red light emitting electrode CE-R, which facing each other, and a red emission layer EML-R arranged between the first red light emitting electrode AE-R and the second red light emitting electrode CE-R. The green light emitting element ED-G may include the first green light emitting electrode AE-G and the second green light emitting electrode CE-G, which face each other, and a green emission layer EML-G arranged between the first green light emitting electrode AE-G and the second green light emitting electrode CE-G, and the blue light emitting element ED-B may include the first blue light emitting electrode AE-B and the second blue light emitting electrode CE-B, which face each other, and a blue emission EML-B arranged between the first blue light emitting electrode AE-B and the second blue light emitting electrode CE-B.
The light receiving element OPD may include a first light receiving electrode AE-OPD, a second light receiving electrode CE-OPD, and a light receiving layer OPL. The first light receiving electrode AE-OPD may be arranged on the base layer BS and may be exposed through the second opening OP-I. Herein, the first electrode constituting the light receiving element OPD may be referred to as the first light receiving electrode AE-OPD. Herein, the second electrode CE constituting the light receiving element OPD may be referred to as the second light receiving electrode CE-OPD.
A light emitting element ED-D according to one or more embodiments shown in
Referring to
Referring to
In the light emitting element ED-D and the light receiving element OPD shown in
The second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD may be a common electrode. The second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD as the common electrode may be a cathode or an anode but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, if (e.g., when) the first electrodes AE-ED and AE-OPD are an anode, the second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD may be a cathode, and if (e.g., when) the first electrodes AE-ED and AE-OPD are a cathode, the second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD may be an anode.
The second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. When the second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD as the common electrode are a transmissive electrode, the second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD may be formed of a transparent metal oxide, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), and/or the like. When the second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD as the common electrode are a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF/Ca, LiF/Al, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, a compound thereof, and/or a (e.g., any suitable) mixture thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb).
In one or more embodiments, the first electrodes AE-ED and AE-OPD included in the light emitting element ED-D and the light receiving element OPD may be transflective electrodes or reflective electrodes, and the second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD may be a transmissive electrode or a transflective electrode. For example, in one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the transmissive or transflective second electrodes CE-ED and CE-OPD as the common electrode are included, light reflected from external objects may be easily transmitted to the light receiving element OPD.
In the light emitting element ED-D, the emission layer EML is provided on the hole control layer HTR, which will be described in more detail later. The emission layer EML may have a single layer formed of a single material, a single layer formed of a plurality of materials different from each other, or a multi-layered structure that has a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of materials different from each other.
In the light emitting element ED-D according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include an organic light emitting material or a quantum dot material. For example, in one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include, as an organic light emitting material, an anthracene derivative, a pyrene derivative, a fluoranthene derivative, a chrysene derivative, a dihydrobenzanthracene derivative, or a triphenylene derivative.
In one or more embodiments, in the light emitting element ED-D the emission layer EML may include a host and a dopant. The emission layer EML may include, as a dopant material, an organic fluorescent dopant material, an organic phosphorescent dopant material, a thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant material, and/or a phosphorescent dopant material of an organometallic complex.
In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include, as a host material, at least one selected from among bis [2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 4,4′-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(carbazolyl-9-yl)benzene (mCP), 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzo[b,d]furan (PPF), 4,4′,4″-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3), poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), 9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 4,4′,4″-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), distyrylarylene (DSA), 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2′-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), hexaphenyl cyclotriphosphazene (CP1), 1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH2), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (DPSiO3), octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (DPSiO4), and/or the like may be included.
In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include, as a suitable dopant material, one or more selected from among styryl derivatives (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4′-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), and/or N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (N-BDAVBi)), perylene and derivatives thereof (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-t-butylperylene (TBP)), pyrene and derivatives thereof (e.g., 1,1-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene, 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), and/or the like.
In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include, as a suitable phosphorescent dopant material, for example, a metal complex including iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm). In one or more embodiments, iridium(III) bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2′) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridinato)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl) borate iridium(III) (Fir6), or platinum octaethyl porphyrin (PtOEP) may be utilized as a phosphorescent dopant. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
In one or more embodiments, the emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B shown in
The light receiving element OPD according to one or more embodiments includes a polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be described in more detail later. The light receiving element OPD according to one or more embodiments may include the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments to allow charges to readily move in the light receiving layer OPL, and may thus have improved photoelectric efficiency for converting received light into electrical signals.
Herein, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, which will be described in more detail later, may be referred to as a first compound.
The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments includes a three-ring fused ring, which contains two sulfur(S) atoms as ring-forming atoms, as a central structure (hereinafter referred to as core). The core of one or more embodiments includes two thiophene moieties and one benzene moiety as shown in Formula X.
In Formula X, carbon 1 and carbon 2 are carbons forming the benzene moiety, and numbers are assigned to carbon atoms other than the carbons forming the thiophene moiety. In particular, in Formula X, hydrogen atoms having a relatively small volume are substituted on carbons 1 and 2, and thus the core may maintain a planar structure, improving the charge mobility of the polycyclic compound and improving light absorption efficiency. In Formula X, as for carbons 3 to 6, numbers are assigned to some of the carbon atoms constituting the thiophene moiety. The carbons numbered as above are named thiophene carbon 3 to thiophene carbon 6.
In the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms may be substituted on the thiophene carbon 3 or the thiophene carbon 4 of the core.
In the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms may be substituted on the thiophene carbon 5 or the thiophene carbon 6 of the core.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a polycyclic compound is represented by Formula 1.
In Formula 1, n1 and n2 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10.
In Formula 1, if (e.g., when) n1 is 0, Q1 may be directly bonded to the core of the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments without a linker indicated as Ar1. When n1 is 1 to 10, Ar1 may be a linker connecting the core and Q1. When n1 is an integer of 2 or greater, Ar1 provided in plurality may all be the same, or at least one of the plurality of Ar1's may be different.
In Formula 1, if (e.g., when) n2 is 0, Q2 may be directly bonded to the core of the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments without a linker indicated as Ar2. When n2 is 1 to 10, Ar2 may be a linker connecting the core and Q2. When n2 is an integer of 2 or greater, Ar2 provided in plurality may all be the same, or at least one of the plurality of Ar2's may be different.
In Formula 1, Ar1 and Ar2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Ar1 and Ar2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted divalent furan group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent thiophene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent pyridine group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent benzothiadiazole group.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by any one selected from among Formulas Q-1 to Q-7.
In Formulas Q-1 to Q-3, n101, n102, and n104 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3.
In Formula Q-1, if (e.g., when) n101 is 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be one which is not substituted with R101 but in which three hydrogens are substituents. When n101 is 3, and R101 is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (e.g., when) n101 is 0. When n101 is an integer of 2 or greater, R101 provided in plurality may all be the same, or at least one of the plurality of R101's may be different. In Formula Q-2, if (e.g., when) n102 is 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be one which is not substituted with R102 but in which three hydrogens are substituents. When n102 is 3, and R102 is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (e.g., when) n102 is 0. When n102 is an integer of 2 or greater, R102 provided in plurality may all be the same, or at least one of the plurality of R102's may be different. In Formula Q-3, if (e.g., when) n104 is 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be one which is not substituted with R104 but in which three hydrogens are substituents. When n104 is 3, and R104 is hydrogen, the embodiments may be the same as if (e.g., when) n104 is 0. When n104 is an integer of 2 or greater, R104 provided in plurality may all be the same, or at least one of the plurality of R104's may be different.
In Formulas Q-2 and Q-6, n103 and n110 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 2.
In Formula Q-2, if (e.g., when) n103 is 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be one which is not substituted with R103 but in which two hydrogens are substituents. When n103 is 2, and R103 is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (e.g., when) n103 is 0. When n103 is 2, R103 provided in plurality may all be the same, or the plurality of Rios's may be different. In Formula Q-6, if (e.g., when) n110 is 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be one which is not substituted with R110 but in which two hydrogens are substituents. When n110 is 2, and R110 is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (e.g., when) n110 is 0. When n110 is 2, R110 provided in plurality may all be the same, or the plurality of R110's may be different.
In Formulas Q-5 to Q-7, n108, n109, and n111 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 5.
In Formula Q-5, if (e.g., when) n108 is 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be one which is not substituted with R108 but in which five hydrogens are substituents. When n108 is 5, and R108 is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (e.g., when) n108 is 0. When n108 is an integer of 2 or greater, R108 provided in plurality may all be the same, or at least one of the plurality of R108's may be different. In Formula Q-6, if (e.g., when) n109 is 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be one which is not substituted with R109 but in which five hydrogens are substituents. When n109 is 5, and R109 is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (e.g., when) n109 is 0. When n109 is an integer of 2 or greater, R109 provided in plurality may all be the same, or at least one of the plurality of R109's may be different. In Formula Q-7, if (e.g., when) n111 is 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be one which is not substituted with R111 but in which five hydrogens are substituents. When n111 is 5, and R111 is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (e.g., when) n111 is 0. When n111 is an integer of 2 or greater, R111 provided in plurality may all be the same, or at least one of the plurality of R111's may be different.
In Formulas Q-1 and Q-2, R101 to R103 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R101 to R103 may each independently be hydrogen, an unsubstituted methyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, fluorine, or chlorine.
In Formulas Q-3 to Q-7, R104 to R112 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R104 to R112 may each independently be hydrogen, an unsubstituted methyl group, a nitro group, an unsubstituted phenyl group, or a phenyl group substituted with fluorine.
In Formulas Q-1 to Q-7, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-1, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by any one selected from among Formulas R-11 to R-19.
In Formulas R-11 to R-19, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-2, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by any one selected from among Formulas R-21 to R-24.
In Formulas R-21 to R-24, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-3, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by any one selected from among Formulas R-31 to R-34.
In Formulas R-31 to R-34, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-4, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by Formula R-41 or Formula R-42.
In Formulas R-41 and R-42, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-5, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by Formula R-51 or Formula R-52.
In Formulas R-51 and R-52, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-6, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by Formula R-61.
In Formula R-61, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, if (e.g., when) Q1 and Q2 are each represented by Formula Q-7, Q1 and Q2 may each independently be represented by Formula R-71.
In Formula R-71, -* is a site linked to Formula 1.
The light receiving element OPD of one or more embodiments includes the first compound represented by Formula 1, and thus has higher charge mobility and greater light absorption efficiency than that of a comparative light receiving element including suitable materials in the art. The core of the first compound has a planar structure as two hydrogen atoms are substituted on a benzene ring, and accordingly, the first compound has relatively high charge mobility and improved light absorption efficiency. In one or more embodiments, Q1 and Q2 are nitrogen-containing substituents and serve as an electron accepting moiety that accepts electrons. High-energy electrons delivered to Q1 and Q2 through incident light are delivered to the core, and the electrons are then donated to another compound. Through this process, the energy of incident light may be delivered to another location, and the delivered energy may be converted into electrical signals. Ar1 and Ar2 of the first compound may regulate the conjugation length of the entire first compound to expand absorption wavelength ranges. For example, if (e.g., when) the conjugation length of the first compound is increased by Ar1 and Ar2, the first compound may be to absorb green wavelength ranges as well as red wavelength ranges. In one or more embodiments, the light receiving element OPD containing the first compound has greater deposition stability and heat resistance than the light receiving element OPD containing typical materials of the art, and thus has improved purity of a thin film upon substantially continuous deposition. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first compound may have a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of about −5.8 eV to about −5.0 eV, and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of about −3.9 eV to about −2.7 eV, and may thus effectively absorb light in the green and red wavelength ranges.
In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by any one selected from among Formulas A-1 to A-5.
In Formulas A-1 to A-5, X4 and X5 may each independently be oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. The same descriptions as in Formula 1 may apply to Q1 and Q2.
In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by any one selected from among Formulas 1-1 to 1-6.
In Formulas 1-1 to 1-6, the same descriptions as in Formula 1 may apply to Q1 and Q2.
The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be any one selected from among the compounds shown in Compound Group 1. The light receiving layer OPL of the light receiving element OPD of one or more embodiments may include at least one polycyclic compound selected from among the compounds shown in Compound Group 1 as the first compound.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving layer may further include a second compound represented by Formula 2.
In Formula 2, Cy1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Cy1 may be unsubstituted naphthalene, unsubstituted biphenyl, unsubstituted benzene, or unsubstituted perylene. A1 and A2 may each independently be oxygen or NR113. R113 may be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R113 may be an unsubstituted methyl group, an unsubstituted ethyl group, an unsubstituted t-butyl group, an unsubstituted phenyl group, an unsubstituted tolyl group, a phenyl group substituted with fluorine, a phenyl group substituted with chlorine, an unsubstituted cyanophenyl group, an unsubstituted pyridinyl group, an unsubstituted cyclohexane group, an unsubstituted thiophenyl group, an unsubstituted isopropyl group, an unsubstituted methoxyphenyl group, or an unsubstituted methylthiophenyl group.
The light receiving layer OPL of the light receiving element OPD of one or more embodiments may include at least one polycyclic compound selected from among the compounds shown in Compound Group 2 as the second compound.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving layer OPL may include a light absorption layer LAL containing the first compound, and a photoelectric conversion layer LCL containing the second compound. The light absorption layer LAL may serve to absorb light incident on the light receiving element OPD. The photoelectric conversion layer LCL may serve to receive light energy absorbed by the light absorption layer LAL and convert the light energy into electrical signals.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving layer OPL may include a light absorption layer LAL formed of the first compound, and a photoelectric conversion layer LCL formed of the second compound.
In one or more embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer LCL may be arranged on the light absorption layer LAL. The photoelectric conversion layer LCL may be arranged between the light absorption layer LAL and the electron control layer ETR, which will be described in more detail later. The light absorption layer LAL may be arranged between the photoelectric conversion layer LCL and the hole control layer HTR.
In one or more embodiments, an interface may be defined between the light absorption layer LAL and the photoelectric conversion layer LCL. The light absorption layer LAL may not form a single layer with the photoelectric conversion layer LCL, but may be a separate layer.
In one or more embodiments, the light receiving element OPD may further include a hole control layer HTR arranged between the first electrode AE (See
The hole control layer HTR may have a single layer formed of a single material, a single layer formed of a plurality of materials different from each other, or a multi-layered structure that has a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of materials different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole control layer HTR may be provided as a single layer instead of being divided into a plurality of layers. The hole control layer HTR may be arranged between the first electrode AE (See
Referring to
The hole injection layer HIL may include, for example, one or more selected from among a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine, N1, N1′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bis(N1-phenyl-N4, N4-di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine) (DNTPD), 4,4′,4″-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino] triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4′4″-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4′,4″-tris[N(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), N,N′-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyetherketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dipyrazino[2,3-f: 2′,3′-h] quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), and/or the like.
For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport layer HTL may include one or more selected from among carbazole-based derivatives such as N-phenyl carbazole and polyvinyl carbazole, fluorene-based derivatives, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4-diamine (TPD), triphenylamine-based derivatives such as 4,4,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N′-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4-cyclohexylidene bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl]benzenamine] (TAPC), 4,4-bis [N,N′-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), 4,4′-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP), and/or the like.
However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL may include suitable hole injection layer materials or suitable hole transport layer materials in addition to the above-described materials.
In one or more embodiments, the electron control layer ETR may include an electron transport layer ETL and an electron injection layer EIL. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the electron control layer ETR may have a single-layer structure. In one or more embodiments, the electron control layer ETR may further include a hole blocking layer.
In the light emitting element ED-D, the electron control layer ETR may be arranged on the emission layer EML, and in the light receiving element OPD, the electron control layer ETR may be arranged on the light receiving layer OPL.
In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer ETL may include an anthracene-based compound. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the electron transport layer ETL may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tri[(3-pyridyl)-phen-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazolyl-1-ylphenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (tBu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum (BAlq), beryllium bis(benzoquinolin-10-olate (Bebq2), 9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB), and/or a (e.g., any suitable) mixture thereof.
In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer EIL may include halogenated metals such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and KI, lanthanide metals such as Yb, or co-deposition materials of a halogenated metal and a lanthanide metal. For example, in one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer EIL may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, and/or the like as a co-deposition material. In one or more embodiments, for the electron injection layer EIL, a metal oxide such as Li2O and/or BaO, or Liq, and/or the like may be utilized, but embodiments of the present disclosure are limited thereto. The electron injection layer EIL may also be formed of a mixture material of an electron transport material and an insulating organo metal salt. The organo metal salt may be a material having an energy band gap of about 4 eV or greater. For example, the organo metal salt may include, for example, metal acetates, metal benzoates, metal acetoacetates, metal acetylacetonates, and/or metal stearates.
Referring to
The auxiliary layer HEL may include materials utilized in the hole transport layer HTL. For example, in one or more embodiments, the auxiliary layer HEL may include one or more selected from among carbazole-based derivatives such as N-phenyl carbazole and polyvinyl carbazole, fluorene-based derivatives, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine (TPD), triphenylamine-based derivatives such as 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N′-di(1-naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4′-cyclohexylidene bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl]benzenamine] (TAPC), 4,4′-bis[N,N′-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9′-bicarbazole (CCP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), and/or the like.
In the light emitting element ED-D, the auxiliary layer HEL may be utilized as a light emitting auxiliary layer. For example, in the light emitting element ED-D, the auxiliary layer HEL may compensate a resonance distance according to wavelengths of light emitted from the emission layer EML, and may thus increase light emitting efficiency. In one or more embodiments, the auxiliary layer HEL may be provided to be adjusted to different thicknesses according to the wavelength of light emitted from the respective emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B shown in
In the light receiving element OPD, the auxiliary layer HEL may be utilized as an electron blocking layer. For example, the auxiliary layer HEL may prevent or reduce or reduce the delivery of electrons formed in the light receiving layer OPL to the hole transport layer HTL.
The buffer layer BFL may be utilized as a hole blocking layer. For example, the buffer layer BFL may prevent or reduce or reduce the delivery of holes formed in the light receiving layer OPL to the electron transport layer ETL. In one or more embodiments, the buffer layer BFL may be provided as a common layer. For example, in one or more embodiments, the buffer layer BFL may be provided as a common layer throughout the light emitting element ED-G and the light receiving element OPD. In one or more embodiments, the buffer layer BFL may overlap the entire light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, light receiving region IPA, and non-light emitting region NPXA.
The buffer layer BFL may include, for example, at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
Referring back to
In one or more embodiments shown in
One or more embodiments may include an encapsulation layer TFL arranged on the light emitting elements ED-R, ED-G, and ED-B and the light receiving element OPD. The encapsulation layer TFL may include at least one inorganic layer and at least one organic layer. For example, in one or more embodiments, the encapsulation layer TFL may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, and an inorganic layer which are sequentially stacked in the stated order, but the layers forming (or providing) the encapsulation layer TFL are not limited thereto.
The display module DM according to one or more embodiments may include an input sensing layer ISL arranged on the display panel DP. The input sensing layer ISL may be arranged on the display element layer EDL. The input sensing layer ISL may detect external inputs applied from the outside. The external inputs may be user inputs. The user inputs may include one or more suitable types (kinds) of external inputs such as a body part of users, light, heat, pen, or pressure.
In one or more embodiments, the input sensing layer ISL may be formed on the display panel DP through a roll-to-roll process. In these embodiments, the input sensing layer ISL may be expressed as being directly arranged on the display panel DP. Being directly arranged may indicate that a third component is not arranged between the input sensing layer ISL and the display panel DP. For example, a separate adhesive member may not be arranged between the input sensing layer ISL and the display panel DP. For example, the input sensing layer ISL may be directly arranged on the encapsulation layer TFL.
However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, for example, in one or more embodiments, an adhesive member may be further arranged between the input sensing layer ISL and the display panel DP. The input sensing layer ISL may include a lower insulating layer IS-IL1, a first conductive layer IS-CL1, an interlayer insulating layer IS-IL2, a second conductive layer IS-CL2, and an upper insulating layer IS-IL3. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the lower insulating layer IS-IL1 or the upper insulating layer IS-IL3 may not be provided.
Each of the first conductive layer IS-CL1 and the second conductive layer IS-CL2 may have a structure of a single layer or a structure of multiple layers stacked along the third direction axis DR3. The conductive layer having the multi-layered structure may include at least two or more layers of transparent conductive layers and/or metal layers. The conductive layer having the multi-layered structure may include metal layers having different metals. Each of the transparent conductive layers may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), PEDOT, a metal nano wire, and/or graphene. Each of the metal layers may include molybdenum, silver, titanium, copper, aluminum, and/or an alloy thereof. For example, in one or more embodiments, each of the first conductive layer IS-CL1 and the second conductive layer IS-CL2 may have a three-layered metal structure, such as, a three-layered structure of titanium/aluminum/titanium. A metal having relatively higher durability and lower reflectivity may be applied to upper/lower layers, and a metal having higher electrical conductivity may be applied to an inner layer.
In one or more embodiments, each of the first conductive layer IS-CL1 and the second conductive layer IS-CL2 includes a plurality of conductive patterns. Hereinafter, the first conductive layer IS-CL1 is described to include first conductive patterns, and the second conductive layer IS-CL2 is described to include second conductive patterns. Each of the first conductive patterns and the second conductive patterns may include sensing electrodes and signal lines connected thereto. The first conductive patterns and the second conductive patterns may be arranged to overlap a light blocking portion BM, which will be described in more detail later. The light blocking portion BM overlaps the first conductive layer IS-CL1 and the second conductive layer IS-CL2 to prevent or reduce reflection of external light by the first conductive layer IS-CL1 and the second conductive layer IS-CL2.
Each of the lower insulating layer IS-IL1, the interlayer insulating layer IS-IL2, and the upper insulating layer IS-IL3 may include an inorganic film or an organic film. In one or more embodiments, the lower insulating layer IS-IL1 and the interlayer insulating layer IS-IL2 may be inorganic films. In one or more embodiments, the upper insulating layer IS-IL3 may include an organic film.
In one or more embodiments, the display module DM may include an anti-reflection member RP arranged on the display panel DP. In one or more embodiments, the anti-reflection member RP may be directly arranged on the input sensing layer ISL. The anti-reflection member RP may include a color filter layer CFL and an organic planarization layer OCL.
The color filter layer CFL may include filter portions CF and a light blocking portion BM. The filter portions CF may include a red filter portion CF-R, a green filter portion CF-G, and a blue filter portion CF-B. The red filter portion CF-R, the green filter portion CF-G, and the blue filter portion CF-B may each be a portion placed to correspond to a red light emitting region PXA-R, a green light emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light emitting region PXA-B, respectively. In one or more embodiments, the green filter portion CF-G may overlap the light receiving region IPA. For example, in one or more embodiments, the green filter portion CF-G may overlap the green light emitting element ED-G and the light receiving element OPD.
The red filter portion CF-R may be to transmit red light, the green filter portion CF-G may be to transmit green light, and the blue filter portion CF-B may be to transmit blue light. Each of the red filter portion CF-R, the green filter portion CF-G, and the blue filter portion CF-B may include a polymer photosensitive resin and a pigment and/or a dye. The red filter portion CF-R may include a red pigment and/or a red dye, the green filter portion CF-G may include a green pigment and/or a green dye, and the blue filter portion CF-B may include a blue pigment and/or a blue dye.
However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the blue filter portion CF-B may not include (e.g., may exclude) a pigment and/or a dye. The blue filter portion CF-B may include a polymer photosensitive resin, but may not include (e.g., may exclude) a pigment and/or a dye. The blue filter portion CF-B may be transparent. The blue filter portion CF-B may be formed of a transparent photosensitive resin.
The light blocking portion BM may be arranged on the input sensing layer ISL and overlap borders of neighboring filter portions CF. Edges of the neighboring filter portions CF may overlap one another. For example, in one or more embodiments, the green filter portion CF-G and the red filter portion CF-R are arranged to overlap on the light blocking portion BM, and/or the green filter portion CF-G and the blue filter portion CF-B may be arranged to overlap on the light blocking portion BM. The light blocking portion BM may prevent or reduce light leakage, and separate borders between adjacent color filter portions CF-R, CF-G, and CF-R.
In one or more embodiments, the light blocking portion BM may be a black matrix. The light blocking portion BM may include an organic pigment and/or an organic dye. The light blocking portion BM may be formed including an organic light blocking material and/or an inorganic light blocking material, both (e.g., simultaneously) including a black pigment and/or a black dye. In one or more embodiments, the light blocking portion BM may overlap the pixel defining film PDL. The light blocking portion BM may overlap the pixel defining film PDL placed between the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B and separating the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B from the light receiving region IPA.
The organic planarization layer OCL may be arranged on the color filter layer CFL. The organic planarization layer OCL may be arranged on the color filter layer CFL to protect the color filter portions CF-R, CF-G, and CF-B and to planarize an upper surface of the color filter layer CFL. The organic planarization layer OCL may include an organic material such as an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin.
Compared with the display module DM according to one or more embodiments shown and described in
Referring to
In one or more embodiments shown in
The capping layer CPL may include a multilayer or a single layer. In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, if (e.g., when) the capping layer CPL includes an inorganic material, the inorganic material may include an alkali metal compound such as LiF, an alkaline earth metal compound such as MgF2, SiON, SiNx, SiOy, and/or the like.
For example, if (e.g., when) the capping layer CPL includes an organic material, the organic material may include a-NPD, NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq3, CuPc, N4, N4, N4′, N4′-tetra(biphenyl-4-yl) biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD15), 4,4′,4″-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), and/or the like or may include epoxy resins or acrylates such as methacrylates. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may have a refractive index of about 1.6 or greater. In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may have a refractive index of about 1.6 or greater in a wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm.
Hereinafter, with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, a polycyclic compound and a light receiving element of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be specifically described. In addition, Examples are shown only for the understanding of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
First, a process of synthesizing polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail by presenting a process of synthesizing Compounds P1, P3, P9, P12, P13, P16, P20, P25, P30, P34, P37, N5, N6, N8, N15, and N16 as an example. In addition, a process of synthesizing polycyclic compounds, which will be described hereinafter, is provided as an example, and thus a process of synthesizing polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to Examples.
2,6-dibromobenzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b′]dithiophene (1.22 g, 3.5 mmol), Benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-boronic acid (1.28 g, 7.14 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4(tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium) (1.16 g, 1.00 mmol), and K2CO3 (2.48 g, 17.92 mmol) were dissolved in 120 mL of a tetrahydrofuran (THF)/H2O (2/1 volume ratio) mixed solution and stirred at 70° C. for 5 hours. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, 60 mL of water was added, and the mixture was extracted three times with 80 mL of ethyl ether. The collected organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, the solvent was evaporated, and the resulting residue was separated and purified through silica gel tube chromatography to obtain 1.19 g of Compound P1 (yield: 74%). The produced compound was confirmed through 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and mass spectrometry/fast atom bombardment (MS/FAB).
C22H10N4S4: calc. 458.59, found 458.62
Compound P3 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P1, except that Intermediate Compound P3-A was utilized instead of benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-boronic acid from the synthesis of Compound P1. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) and MS/FAB.
C24H8N6S4: calc. 508.61, found 508.72
Compound P9 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P1, except that Intermediate Compound P9-A was utilized instead of benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-boronic acid from the synthesis of Compound P1. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) and MS/FAB.
C26H14N4S2: calc. 446.55, found 446.61
Compound P12 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P1, except that Intermediate Compound P12-A was utilized instead of benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-boronic acid from the synthesis of Compound P1. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) and MS/FAB.
C26H12F2N4S2: calc. 482.53, found 482.91
Compound P13 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P1, except that Intermediate Compound P13-A was utilized instead of benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-boronic acid from the synthesis of Compound P1. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDC3, 400 MHz) and MS/FAB.
C34H18N4S2: calc. 546.67, found 546.91
Compound P16 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P1, except that Intermediate Compound P16-A was utilized instead of benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-boronic acid from the synthesis of Compound P1. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) and MS/FAB.
C28H16N2O4S2: calc. 508.57, found 508.94
Compound P20-A was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P1, except that thiophene-2-ylboronic acid was utilized instead of benzo-2, 1,3-thiadiazole-4-boronic acid from the synthesis of Compound P1. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) and MS/FAB.
C18H10S4: calc. 354.52 found 354.64
Intermediate Compound P20-A (3.28 g, 9.25 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL of dehydrated tetrahydrofuran. A 2.76 M n-butyl lithium (n-BuLi) hexane solution (3.4 mL, 9.25 mmol) was added dropwise over 5 minutes at −78° C. and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. After lowering the temperature to −78° C. again, iodine (2.5 g, 10 mmol) was added, stirred for 30 minutes, and raised to room temperature. Water was added to terminate the reaction, and then extraction was performed three times with ethyl acetate, and anhydrous magnesium sulfate was added to dry the extracted organic layer. In this case, the product obtained was separated and purified through silica gel tube chromatography (hexane: dichloromethane=1:1 (volume ratio) as an eluent) to obtain 3.98 g of Intermediate Compound P20-B (yield: 71%). The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) and MS/FAB.
C18H8I2S4: calc. 606.31, found 606.45
Compound P20 was synthesized utilizing the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P1, except that Intermediate Compound P20-B was utilized instead of 2,6-Dibromobenzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b′]dithiophene from the synthesis of Compound P1. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and MS/FAB.
C30H14N4S6: calc. 622.83, found 622.90
Compound P25 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P9, except that Intermediate Compound P20-B was utilized instead of 2,6-Dibromobenzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b′]dithiophene from the synthesis of Compound P9. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) and MS/FAB.
C34H18N4S4: calc. 610.79, found 610.88
Compound P30 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P20, except that furan-2-ylboronic acid was utilized instead of thiophene-2-ylboronic acid from the synthesis of Compound P20. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and MS/FAB.
C30H14N4O2S4: calc. 590.71, found 590.79
Compound P34 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P20, except that furan-2-ylboronic acid was utilized instead of thiophene-2-ylboronic acid and Intermediate Compound P34-A was utilized instead of benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-boronic acid from the synthesis of Compound P20. The produced compound was confirmed through MS/FAB.
C36H16N6O2S2: calc. 628.68, found 628.77
Compound P34 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P20, except that Compound P1 was utilized instead of Intermediate Compound P20-A and bromine was utilized instead of iodine from the synthesis of Compound P20. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and MS/FAB.
C22H8Br2N4S4: calc. 616.38 found 616.44
Compound P37 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound P1, except that Intermediate Compound P37-B was utilized instead of 2,6-dibromobenzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b′]dithiophene and pyridine-4-boronic acid was utilized instead of benzo-2, 1,3-thiadiazole-4-boronic acid from the synthesis of Compound P1. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and MS/FAB.
C32H16N6S4: calc. 612.76, found 612.91
1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (2.48 g, 9.25 mmol) and aniline (1.68 g, 18 mmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF), heated, and stirred at 150° C. for 2 hours. The precipitate was filtered to synthesize Compound N5. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and MS/FAB.
C26H14N2O4: calc. 418.41, found 418.52
Compound N6 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound N5, except that p-toluidine was utilized instead of aniline from the synthesis of Compound N5. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and MS/FAB.
C28H18N2O4: calc. 446.46, found 446.53
Compound N8 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound N5, except that 4-chloroaniline was utilized instead of aniline from the synthesis of Compound N5. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and MS/FAB.
C28H12Cl2N2O4: calc. 487.29, found 487.33
Compound N15 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound N5, except that 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride was utilized instead of 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride from the synthesis of Compound N5. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and MS/FAB.
C26H14N2O4: calc. 418.41, found 418.49
Compound N16 was synthesized utilizing substantially the same method as the synthesis method of Compound N5, except that 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride was utilized instead of 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and p-toluidine was utilized instead of aniline from the synthesis of Compound N5. The produced compound was confirmed through 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) and MS/FAB.
C28H18N2O4: calc. 446.46, found 446.54
Table 1 shows results from 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHZ) results and MS/FAB of Example Compounds.
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
An ITO glass substrate (corning, 15 Ω/cm2, 1200 Å) was cut to a size of about 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, subjected to ultrasonic cleaning with isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 5 minutes each respectively and ultraviolet irradiation for 30 minutes, and then exposed to ozone for cleaning to form (or provide) the ITO glass substrate in a vacuum deposition apparatus.
First, on an upper portion of the substrate was vacuum deposited with 2-TNATA to form (or provide) a hole injection layer having a thickness of 600 Å, and then 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (hereinafter referred to as NPB), a hole transport material as a hole transport compound, was subjected to vacuum deposition to form (or provide) a hole transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å.
A green auxiliary layer (or red auxiliary layer) was deposited to have a thickness of 300 Å on an upper portion of the hole transport layer, and then a light absorption layer was deposited to have a thickness of 250 Å, utilizing P-type or kind compounds of Examples or Comparative Examples. A photoelectric conversion layer was deposited to have a thickness of 250 Å on an upper portion of the light absorption layer, utilizing N-type or kind compounds of Examples or Comparative Examples. Alq3 was subjected to deposition on an upper portion of the photoelectric conversion layer to form (or provide) an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and then LiF, an alkali metal halide, was subjected to deposition on an upper portion of the electron transport layer to form (or provide) an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was subjected to vacuum deposition to form (or provide) a LiF/Al electrode having a thickness of 3000 Å (negative electrode), thereby obtaining an organic light receiving element.
For the obtained element, the characteristics of the organic light receiving element were measured and evaluated. The characteristics are evaluated based on external quantum efficiency (EQE) according to the wavelength of a light receiving element. The external quantum efficiency is measured by absorbing external light by wavelength and converting the light into current (EQE, %), and Xenon Lamp was utilized as a light source. In particular, external quantum efficiency values were measured in green light (530 nm) and red light (630 nm). Meanwhile, the structures of the compounds utilized for element manufacturing are as follows.
Table 2 shows a comparison of light receiving elements each respectively containing the above-described Example Compounds P1 and N5, P3 and N5, P9 and N6, P12 and N6, P13 and N6, P16 and N8, P20 and N6, P25 and N6, P30 and N8, P34 and N15, and P37 and N16, with light receiving elements each respectively containing Comparative Example Compounds Sub PC and C60 (Fullerene), and SubNC and C60 (Fullerene) in external quantum efficiency (EQE (%)) and maximum absorption wavelength (λmax (nm)). Greater values of external quantum efficiency indicate greater conversion of energy applied to an element from the outside, and thus light absorption efficiency of the element may be evaluated as improved. Meanwhile, the structures of Example Compounds and Comparative Example Compounds utilized for element manufacturing are as follows.
Referring to Table 2, Examples 1 to 11 have external quantum efficiency values of 32% to 38%, and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have external quantum efficiency values of 10% and 15%. The external quantum efficiency values of Examples 1 to 11 are at least about 2.13 times and up to 3.8 times those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that greater external quantum efficiency values indicate greater conversion of provided light into electrical energy, and thus it is considered that Examples 1 to 11 may each convert more light energy into electrical signals than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and may thus be determined to have excellent or suitable charge mobility and light absorption. Examples 1 to 6 each have a maximum absorption wavelength of about 530 nm, and Examples 7 to 11 each have a maximum absorption wavelength of about 630 nm. For example, Examples 1 to 6 each may be to absorb up to the wavelength range of green visible light, and Examples 7 to 11 each may be to absorb up to the wavelength range of green visible light and red visible light. Example Compounds included in Examples 1 to 6 have no linker connecting the core and the electron accepting portion, and thus may absorb light up to the green visible light wavelength range. Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed the linker connecting the core and the electron accepting portion may expand the absorption wavelength range by regulating the conjugation length of the entire first compound, and accordingly, Examples 7 to 11, each of which include a linker connecting the core and the electron accepting portion, may absorb visible light in the red wavelength range.
The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments includes a three-ring fused ring, which contains two sulfur(S) atoms as ring-forming atoms, as a central structure (hereinafter referred to as core). The core of the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments includes two thiophenes and one benzene ring. In the core of the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, any one carbon of the benzene ring is named benzene carbon 1, and carbons are sequentially named benzene carbon 2 to 6 in a counterclockwise direction with respect to the benzene carbon, and carbons are sequentially named thiophene carbons 1 to 4 in counterclockwise direction with respect to the sulfur atom of thiophene. Benzene carbon 2 and benzene carbon 3 of the benzene ring are each bonded to be identical to thiophene carbon 2 and thiophene carbon 1 of any one thiophene, and benzene carbon 5 and benzene carbon 6 of the benzene ring are each bonded to be identical to thiophene carbon 2 and thiophene carbon 1 of another thiophene. In particular, in one or more embodiments, hydrogen atoms having a relatively small volume are substituted on benzene carbon 1 and benzene carbon 4 of the benzene ring of the core, and thus the core may maintain a planar structure, improving the charge mobility of the polycyclic compound and improving light absorption. In one or more embodiments, the deposition stability and heat resistance of the polycyclic compound are excellent or suitable, and accordingly, a thin film has excellent or suitable purity upon continuous deposition.
It is seen that the compounds included in each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are not provided with the characteristics of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and therefore have lower charge mobility and lower light conversion efficiency than that of the compounds of Examples when applied to elements.
A light receiving element of one or more embodiments may exhibit element characteristics such as relatively high efficiency and improved deposition quality.
An electronic device of one or more embodiments may exhibit improved light reception efficiency.
A polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be included in a light receiving layer of a light receiving element and may thus contribute to improving the efficiency of the light receiving element and an electronic device.
As utilized herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” or similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art. “About” as used herein, is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.
Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 and the recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amend this disclosure, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.
The light-emitting element, the light receiving element, the electronic devices/apparatus, or any other relevant apparatuses/devices or components according to embodiments of the present disclosure described herein may be implemented utilizing any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit), software, or a combination of software, firmware, and hardware. For example, the various components of the device may be formed on one integrated circuit (IC) chip or on separate IC chips. Further, the various components of the device may be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape carrier package (TCP), a printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on one substrate. Further, the various components of the device may be a process or thread, running on one or more processors, in one or more computing devices, executing computer program instructions and interacting with other system components for performing the various functionalities described herein. The computer program instructions are stored in a memory which may be implemented in a computing device using a standard memory device, such as, for example, a random access memory (RAM). The computer program instructions may also be stored in other non-transitory computer readable media such as, for example, a CD-ROM, flash drive, or the like. Also, a person of skill in the art should recognize that the functionality of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functionality of a particular computing device may be distributed across one or more other computing devices without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, it will be understood that the present disclosure should not be limited to these embodiments but one or more suitable changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Accordingly, the technical scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the contents set forth in the detailed description of the disclosure, but is intended to be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2023-0120772 | Sep 2023 | KR | national |
