The present invention relates to a light source unit and an image display device.
A projector normally modulates light emitted from the light source unit by using a spatial light modulation element to project the light to a screen.
When a light emitting diode (LED) or an organic electro-luminescence (EL) is used as the light source unit, normally, an emission intensity distribution of light emitted from the light source unit is a lambert distribution. The lambert distribution is an emission intensity distribution where the distribution of emission intensity with respect to an observation angle is proportional to the cosine of the observation angle. In the light emitted from the light source unit, an angular component emitted at an angle equal to or larger than a predetermined angle is lost without being entered into the spatial light modulation element. Concerning the projector, to achieve higher use efficiency of the light emitted from the light source unit than the lambert distribution, there is a demand for a light source unit having high directivity.
For the spatial light modulation element, normally, an element having polarization dependence such as a liquid crystal light valve (LV) is used. In this case, a polarized light component orthogonal to a predetermined polarizing direction, which is included in the light emitted from the light source unit, is lost without being modulated by the spatial light modulation element. Thus, concerning the projector, there is a demand for a light source unit that emits polarized light to achieve high use efficiency of the light emitted from the light source unit.
Patent Literature 1 discloses a light source device having high directivity. This light source device includes a solid light emitting element that includes a first electrode and a second electrode for supplying current to a light emitting unit, and an angle conversion unit that converts the angle of light emitted from the solid light emitting element.
The first electrode reflects light emitted from the light emitting unit toward the second electrode. The second electrode includes an opening through which the light from the light emitting unit exits. The angle conversion unit executes angle conversion to guide the light output through the opening in a predetermined direction, and outputs the light. Thus, since the light from the light source device is output in the predetermined direction, the directivity of the light emitted from the light source device is high.
Patent Literature 2 discloses a light emitting element that emits polarized light. This light emitting element includes a light emitting unit disposed on a reference plane, and an optical structure disposed on the exit side of the light emitting element. The structure includes a reflective polarization plate that transmits polarized light of a first vibration direction and reflects polarized light of a second vibration direction roughly orthogonal to the polarized light of the first vibration direction, and an optical unit formed to transmit the light from the reflective polarization plate and having a refractive index cyclically changed in a two-dimensional direction roughly parallel to the reference plane.
The light emitting element disclosed in Patent Literature 2 can efficiently convert the output light into polarized light by converting the polarized light of the second vibration direction reflected by the reflective polarization plate and then entering the light into the reflective polarization plate again. Further, the inclusion of the optical unit enables increase of external extraction efficiency of the light from the light emitting unit.
Patent Literature 1: JP2006-165423A
Patent Literature 2: JP2007-109689A
In the case of the solid light emitting element described in Patent Literature 1, while the output light has high directivity, the output light is not polarized, namely, it is unpolarized light. On the other hand, in the case of the light emitting element described in Patent Literature 2, while the output light can be polarized light, the output light has low directivity. As a result, the inventions described in Patent Literatures 1 and 2 have a problem, namely, the inability to emit polarized light having high directivity.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a light source unit that can solve the problem, namely, the inability to emit polarized light having high directivity, and an image display device that uses the light source unit.
A light source unit according to the present invention includes: a light emitting layer that generates light; a reflective layer that reflects the light generated from the light emitting layer; an opening array layer that is formed on a side opposite the reflective layer with respect to the light emitting layer and that includes a mirror unit configured to reflect the light generated from the light emitting layer, and a plurality of openings configured to transmit a polarized light component of a predetermined polarizing direction included in the light generated from the light emitting layer and to reflect a polarized light component orthogonal to the predetermined polarizing direction; and a direction conversion unit that converts the traveling direction of the light transmitted through the openings.
An image display device according to the present invention includes: the light source unit; and a display unit that modulates light emitted from the light source unit according to a video signal, and displays an image according to the video signal.
According to the present invention, polarized light having high directivity can be emitted.
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Hereinafter, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description, components having similar functions are denoted by similar reference numerals. Description thereof may be omitted.
Light source unit 1 emits light.
Projection unit 2 is a display unit that displays an image on screen 100 according to a video signal by modulating the light emitted from light source unit 1 according to the video signal to project it to screen 100.
More specifically, projection unit 2 includes spatial light modulation unit 3 and projection optical system 4. Spatial light modulation unit 3 is a spatial light modulation element such as a liquid crystal LV that modulates and outputs the light from light source unit 1 according to the video signal. Projection optical system 4 is an optical system, such as a lens, that projects the light from spatial light modulation unit 3 to screen 100 to display a video on screen 100 according to the video signal.
In
Reflective layer 11 is mounted on sub-mount layer 101. Light emitting unit 12 is formed in a certain area of reflective layer 11, and electrode pad 15 is formed in another area of reflective layer 11. Opening array layer 13 is formed in a certain area of light emitting unit 12, and electrode pad 16 is formed in another area of light emitting unit 12. Angle conversion unit 14 is formed on opening array layer 13. Electrode pads 15 and 16 are electrically connected to an external electrode (not shown).
Light emitting unit 12 includes p-type semiconductor layer 12A, active layer 12B, and n-type semiconductor layer 12C. Active layer 12B is located between p-type semiconductor layer 12A and n-type semiconductor layer 12C. More specifically, p-type semiconductor layer 12A, active layer 12B, and n-type semiconductor layer 12C are stacked in this order on reflective layer 11.
Opening array layer 13 is accordingly located on a side opposite reflective layer 11 with respect to active layer 12B.
Reflective layer 11 reflects the light emitted from light emitting unit 12 to light emitting unit 12 side.
Current is supplied to light emitting unit 12 from an external light source via electrode pads 15 and 16. Light emitting unit 12 emits light according to the current. More specifically, a voltage is applied between p-type semiconductor layer 12A and n-type semiconductor layer 12C from the external light source via electrode pads 15 and 16. When current flows therebetween, light is generated on active layer 12B. In other words, active layer 12B functions as a light emitting layer to o generate light.
Opening array layer 13 includes openings 13F in mirror units 13E that reflect the light emitted from light emitting unit 12. For example, as shown in
Opening 13F transmits the polarized light component of a predetermined polarizing direction included in the light from light emitting unit 12, and reflects a polarized light component roughly orthogonal to the predetermined polarizing direction. Hereinafter, the polarized light component of the predetermined polarizing direction is referred to as a polarized wave of a first direction, and the polarized light component roughly orthogonal to the predetermined polarizing direction is referred to as a polarized wave of the second direction.
Opening array layer 13 includes a substrate and a metal film. More specifically, as shown in
The opening array layer can include a dielectric multilayer film. More specifically, as shown in
Hereinafter, a case where the dielectric multilayer film is used for opening array layer 13 will be described.
Angle conversion unit 14 is also referred to as a direction conversion unit. Angle conversion unit 14 converts the output angle (traveling direction) of the light (polarized wave of first direction) transmitted through opening 13B, and improves the directivity of the transmitted light to output it.
More specifically, angle conversion unit 14 includes a lens array where a plurality of lenses corresponding to respective openings 13B are arranged side by side. Opening 13B is located in the focal position of its corresponding lens. Each lens improves the directivity of the light transmitted through its corresponding opening 13B. For the lens array, for example, a microlens array of a several-micron period used for a charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor can be used.
When the size of opening 13B is equal to or lower than a certain level, the transmitted light from opening 13B can be regarded as light from a point light source. Thus, by using the lens array, the directivity of the transmitted light can be improved.
Hereinafter, the operation of light source unit 1 will be described.
When a voltage is applied between p-type semiconductor layer 12A and n-type semiconductor layer 12C from the external electrode via electrode pads 15 and 16, and current flows therebetween, light is generated on active layer 12B. The light generated on active layer 12B includes components of various directions. The light generated on active layer 12B is unpolarized light.
A part of the light generated on active layer 12B is output toward opening array layer 13. The light incident on mirror unit 13A of opening array layer 13 is reflected toward reflective layer 11. The polarized wave of the first direction (e.g., transverse magnetic wave (TM wave)) incident on opening 13B of opening array layer 13 is transmitted, while the polarized wave of the second direction (e.g., transverse electric wave (TE wave)) is reflected toward reflective layer 11. In this case, the groove direction (Y axis direction shown in
The other part of the light generated on active layer 12B and the light reflected by opening array layer 13 are reflected by reflective layer 11 to enter opening array layer 13.
While the light is repeatedly reflected between reflective layer 11 and opening array layer 13, the polarizing direction and an incident position to opening array layer 13 change, and the light finally passes through opening 13B.
The light transmitted through opening 13B has become polarized light (polarized wave of first direction). This transmitted light is improved for directivity by angle conversion unit 14 to exit.
As described above, according to this exemplary embodiment, active layer 12B generates light. Reflective layer 11 reflects the light from active layer 12B. Opening array layer 13 is located on the side opposite reflective layer 11 with respect to active layer 12B. Opening array layer 13 includes mirror unit 13A that reflects the light from active layer 12B, and opening 13B that transmits the polarized light component of the predetermined polarizing direction included in the light, and reflects the polarized light component orthogonal to the predetermined polarizing direction. Angle conversion unit 14 converts the traveling direction of the light transmitted through opening 13B to output it.
In this case, the polarized light component of the predetermined polarizing direction is transmitted from opening 13B, and the light is output after its traveling direction is converted.
Thus, since only the light form opening 13B is output, thus reducing the etendue of the light output from opening array layer 13, the directivity of the light can be improved by angle conversion unit 14. Since only the light of the predetermined polarizing direction is output from opening 13B, light source unit 1 can emit polarized light. As a result, polarized light having high directivity can be output.
Further, the function in which the opening is used to reduce the etendue of the light and the function in which the polarizer emits polarized light can be realized by one element (opening 13B). Thus, light source unit 1 can be reduced in size and cost.
Next, a second exemplary embodiment will be described.
Angle conversion unit 24 is also referred to as a direction conversion unit. As in the case of angle conversion unit 14, angle conversion unit 24 converts the output angle (traveling direction) of light transmitted through opening 13B, and improves the directivity of the transmitted light to output it.
Different from angle conversion unit 14, angle conversion unit 24 includes a tapered cylindrical array where a plurality of tapered cylinders corresponding to respective openings 13B are arranged side by side. Opening 13B is located on a straight line passing through the center of its corresponding tapered cylinder. Each tapered cylinder improves the directivity of the light transmitted through its corresponding opening 13B. The tapered cylinder, in which the circles of an upper surface and a lower surface have different sizes, includes a taper on its side face.
This exemplary embodiment provides the same effects as those of the first exemplary embodiment. Angle conversion unit 24 is created more easily than angle conversion unit 14 that includes the lenses. This provides the effect of creating a light source unit more easily.
Next, a third exemplary embodiment will be described.
Even when gap 31 is formed, opening array layer 13 and angle conversion unit 14 function as in the case of the first exemplary embodiment. Accordingly, the light source unit shown in
This exemplary embodiment provides the same effects as those of the first exemplary embodiment. Opening array layer 13 and angle conversion unit 14 do not need to be integrally formed with the other layers. Thus, light source unit 1 can be created more easily.
Next, a fourth exemplary embodiment will be described.
Angle conversion structure 41, which is formed into, for example, a one-dimensional micro concave-convex structure including a mirror surface, a two-dimensional concave-convex structure, or a rough surface structure, converts the reflection direction of the light by diffusely-reflecting the light from active layer 12B side.
This exemplary embodiment provides the same effects as those of the first exemplary embodiment. For example, the exemplary embodiment enables reduction of the number of reflecting times of light between reflective layer 11 and opening array layer 13, the light having been generated in a position directly below mirror unit 13A in active layer 12B and entered roughly vertically to reflective layer 11. As a result, the attenuation of the light caused by reflection can be reduced.
Next, a fifth exemplary embodiment will be described.
Angle conversion structure 42, which is made of, for example, a transparent material having a refractive index that is different from that of n-type semiconductor layer 12C, is formed into a one-dimensional or two-dimensional concave-convex structure or a rough surface structure in the in-plane direction of n-type semiconductor layer 12C. Because of the difference in refractive index between angle conversion structure 42 and n-type semiconductor layer 12C, the light transmitted through angle conversion structure 42 is scattered, refracted, or diffracted to convert the traveling direction of the light.
This exemplary embodiment provides the same effects as those of the first exemplary embodiment. For example, the exemplary embodiment enables reduction of the number of reflecting times of light between reflective layer 11 and opening array layer 13, the light having been generated in a position directly below mirror unit 13A in active layer 12B and entered roughly vertically to reflective layer 11. As a result, the attenuation of the light caused by reflection can be reduced.
Next, a sixth exemplary embodiment will be described.
Polarization conversion layer 51 is an element that transmits light and changes the polarization state of the transmitted light. For example, a ¼ wavelength plate or a depolarization plate is used, and polarization conversion layer 51 is made of a transparent material having birefringence.
When the ¼ wavelength plate is used for polarization conversion layer 51, in light output from active layer 12B and transmitted through polarization conversion layer 51 to enter opening 13B, the polarized wave of a first direction is transmitted through opening 13B, and the polarized wave of a second direction is reflected by opening 13B. The polarized wave of the second direction reflected by opening 13B is transmitted through polarization conversion layer 51 to be converted into circular polarized light, reflected by reflective layer 11, and transmitted through polarization conversion layer 51 again to be converted into polarized wave of a first direction. In the first converted polarized wave, light entered into opening 13B is transmitted through opening 13B. Thus, by using the ¼ wavelength plate for polarization conversion layer 51, the number times in which light is reflected in light source unit 1 until the light output from active layer 12B is output from light source unit 1 can be reduced. As a result, the attenuation of the light caused by reflection can be reduced.
When the depolarization plate is used for polarization conversion layer 51, light transmitted through polarization conversion layer 51 becomes unpolarized light. In the light output from active layer 12B and transmitted through polarization conversion layer 51 to enter opening 13B, the polarized wave of the first direction is transmitted through opening 13B, and the polarized wave of the second direction is reflected by opening 13B. The polarized wave of the second direction reflected by opening 13B is transmitted through polarization conversion layer 51 to be converted into unpolarized light, reflected by reflective layer 11, and transmitted through polarization conversion layer 51 again to enter opening array layer 13. In the light entered into opening 13B of opening array layer 13, the polarized wave of the first direction is transmitted through opening 13B, and the polarized wave of the second direction is reflected by opening 13B. Thus, by using the depolarization plate for polarization conversion layer 51, the number of times in which light is reflected in light source unit 1 until the light output from active layer 12B is output from light source unit 1 can be reduced more than in a case where polarization conversion layer 51 is not used. As a result, the attenuation of the light caused by reflection can be reduced.
Next, a seventh exemplary embodiment will be described.
Phosphor 61 functions as a light emitting layer that absorbs light output from active layer 12B to generate fluorescence, and generates light. Mirror unit 13A of opening array layer 13 reflects the fluorescence generated by phosphor 61. Opening 13B of opening array layer 13 transmits the polarized light component of a predetermined polarizing direction included in the fluorescence generated by phosphor, and reflects a polarized light component roughly orthogonal to the predetermined polarizing direction.
This exemplary embodiment provides, in addition to the same effects as those of the first exemplary embodiment, an effect, namely, the ability to emit light of a desired color.
Next, the configuration example of opening array layer 13 will be described.
Hereinafter, as the configuration example of opening array layer 13, a case where opening array payer 13 is formed by stacking metal layer 13G made of aluminum on substrate layer 13H made of glass will be described. The thickness of metal layer 13G is 110 nanometers, and the cycle and the duty ratio of metal layer 13F of opening 13F are respectively 140 nanometers and 0.3.
As shown in
As shown in
In opening array 13 using aluminum for metal layer 13G, the incident angle dependencies of the transmittances of mirror unit 13E and opening 13F hardly change within the wavelength range of visible light.
Next, as the configuration example of opening array layer 13, a case where opening array payer 13 is formed by alternately stacking high refractive index layers made of Nb2O5 and low refractive index layers made of SiO2 by ten cycles (20 layers) will be described. The thickness of the high refractive index layer is 100 nanometers, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer is 136 nanometers.
First, the wavelength dependence of transmittance in opening array layer 13 will be described.
In
As shown in
Next, the incident angle dependence of transmittance in opening array layer 13 will be described.
As shown in
As shown in
The incident angle dependencies and the wavelength dependencies of the transmittances of mirror unit 13A and opening 13B change according to the configuration of opening array layer 13. Accordingly, by appropriately adjusting the configuration of opening array layer 13, the ranges of the wavelengths and the incident angles of the incident light where mirror unit 13A functions as a reflection element and opening 13B functions as a polarizer can be widened more than in the aforementioned configuration example.
As shown in
Accordingly, in opening array layer 13 configured as shown in
By appropriately adjusting the configuration of opening array layer 13, the wavelength of the light transmitted through opening array layer 13 can be adjusted.
For example, when opening array payer 13 is formed by alternately stacking high refractive index layers made of Nb2O5 and low refractive index layers made of SiO2 by eight cycles (16 layers), the thickness of each high refractive index layer is 136 nanometers, and the thickness of each low refractive index layer is 136 nanometers, the wavelength dependence of transmittance in mirror unit 13A for incident light entered vertically to mirror unit 13A is as shown in
As shown in
Next, the example of the directivity of the light source unit will be described.
In
Extraction efficiency that is a ratio of the amount of light output from opening 13 to the amount of light generated from light emitting unit 12 is higher as the width W of opening 13B is larger. This is because as the width of opening 13B is larger, the number of times in which light is reflected on reflective layer 11 and opening array layer 13 can be further reduced. On the other hand, as the width W of opening 13B is smaller, the directivity of the light emitted from light source unit 1 can be improved in angle conversion unit 24. In other words, there is a trade-off relationship between extraction efficiency and directivity.
In the light source unit shown in
When opening array layer 13 and angle conversion layer 14 are not present, emission intensity distribution is a lambert distribution. It can be understood from
Next, a setting example of the cycle and the size of opening 13B formed in opening array layer 13 will be described.
It is desirable for the light generated from active layer 12B to directly enter opening 13B without being reflected by reflective layer 11. In reality, however, there is light to be reflected. When the number of times in which light is reflected increases, the light is absorbed by reflective layer 11 to be attenuated, consequently reducing the emission efficiency of light source unit 1. Hereinafter, the configuration example of opening array layer 13 that is suitably used when the light is reflected once by reflective layer 11 to enter opening 13B will be described.
A distance from the center of active layer 12B to opening array layer 13 is L1, the distance from the surface of reflective layer 11 to opening array layer 13 is L2, the cycle of opening 13B is P (pitch), and the size of opening 13B is W. The position of a light emitting point within the plane of active layer 12 is the center A of the forming portion of mirror unit 13 where it is most difficult for the light to be reflected only once to exit.
As shown in
In
As shown in
The present invention has been described referring to the exemplary embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments. Various changes understandable to those skilled in the art can be made to the configuration and the specifics of the present invention.
The image display device can be a rear projector that includes screen 100 and projects light from the rear surface side of screen 100, or an image display device other than a projector.
This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-117241 filed May 21, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2010-117241 | May 2010 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/JP2011/060906 | 5/12/2011 | WO | 00 | 9/27/2012 |