Patent Application
20110095694
The invention relates to a light source comprising a light emitting device and a luminescent cover. More specifically the invention relates to a light source comprising at least one light emitting device capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation in the range from near UV to blue in response to a driving signal of a driving means and a luminescent cover at least comprising a first activator and a second activator to convert said electromagnetic radiation into visible light. The invention also relates to a method for dimming a light source of the above mentioned type.
For the realization of white solid state light sources, blue light emitting diodes based on the semiconductor (In,Ga)N, as described by S. Nakamura et al. (AppL Phys. Lett. 67, 1995, 1868), are widely applied. The light source works as an efficient pump exciting a luminescent material which returns to its ground state by emitting green, yellow or red light. Additive color mixing results in a broadband spectrum, which is perceived as white light.
In 1996, Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd. introduced a white LED, that uses a luminescent layer comprising Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG:Ce) or (Y,Gd)3(Al1-xGax)5O12:Ce (YAGaG:Ce) to convert blue light emitted by an (In,Ga)N LED into a broad band yellow emission spectrum, that peaks at about 565 nm. The emission band is sufficiently broad to produce white light in the color temperature (CT) range from 5000-8000 K, and a color rendering index (CRI) of about 75-85. The CT of a light source is defined as the temperature of a black body radiator that has the same color. The CRI of a light source is a rating that represents the degree of the resulting color shift of a test object under that light source in comparison with its color under a standard lamp of the same temperature.
The above light sources have the shortcoming that a low color temperature and a high color rendering index cannot be obtained. US 2002/0158565 discloses phosphor blends comprising a mixture of at least two phosphors. By mixing appropriate proportions of the phosphors, composites of emission spectra may be created that provides a desired CT and CRI.
A problem associated with the prior art is that dimming of these light sources does not result in a perceivable color point shift to the red spectral range as it is known from incandescent lamps and natural daylight. In particular, indoor lighting applications require white light sources with an incandescent lamp like color temperature and a dimming behavior similar to that of an incandescent lamp.
It is an object to provide a light source of the above described type with a dimming characteristic substantially resembling the spectral variation of an incandescent lamp on dimming.
This object is accomplished by providing a light source comprising at least one light emitting device capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation in the range from near ultraviolet to blue in response to a driving signal of driving means and a luminescent cover at least comprising a first activator (A1) and a second activator (A2) to convert said electromagnetic radiation into visible light, wherein said first activator and said second activator have different response characteristics and said driving means is adapted to vary said driving signal to control the spectrum of said visible light for said light source. The variation of the driving signal results in a variation of the electromagnetic radiation from the light emitting device that interacts with luminescent cover. As a consequence of the different response characteristics of the first and second activator, the conversion of the electromagnetic radiation to visible light changes with the variation of the driving signal. Accordingly, the visible light spectrum can be controlled to achieve the desired dimming behavior of the light source.
In particular, the driving signal is a pulsed driving signal and said driving means is adapted to vary the pulse width of said pulsed driving signal. In this embodiment, the relation between the pulse width and the response characteristics of the first and second activators determine the spectrum of the visible light of the light source. By varying the pulse width, the spectrum of the visible light varies as a result of this relation.
The embodiment of the invention, wherein said light emitting device is a solid state light source, such as an organic light emitting diode or a semiconductor light emitting diode, preferably of InGaN or AlInGaN material had the advantage that such light sources are able to emit electromagnetic radiation that can be absorbed by the luminescent cover.
The embodiment of the invention wherein said first activator (A1) is a fast activator with a response time τ1/e in the range of 10 nanoseconds-100 microseconds and said second activator (A2) is a slow activator with a response time τ1/e in the range of 10 microseconds-100 milliseconds is advantageous in that the defined ranges for the response have been found to result into desired behavior of the spectral variation of the visible light output.
The embodiment of the invention wherein said fast activator is a green light emitting activator and said slow activator is a red light emitting activator has the advantage that a white light omitting light source can be obtained.
The embodim ention, wherein said first activator and said second activator are part of a
escent composition, has the advantage that such a light source is relatively easy to produce and relatively inexpensive.
Preferred compositions are compositions, wherein said first activator and said second activator are selected from the group (first activator, second activator) comprising (Eu2+, Mn2+), (Ce3+,Mn2+), (VO43−,Eu3+) and (Bi3+, Eu3+) doped into a host lattice selected from the group based on sulphides, oxysulphides, oxides, oxynitrides and nitrides.
However, luminescent compositions wherein said first activator and said second activator each are part of different luminescent compositions can be used as well.
Preferred compositions are compositions, wherein said first activator is selected from the group comprising Eu2+,Ce3+,VO43− and Bi3+ doped into a first host lattice of green light emitting material and said second activator is selected from the group comprising Mn2+ and Eu3+ doped into a second host lattice of red light emitting material.
It is noted that the above embodiments, or aspects thereof, may be combined.
The invention also relates to a method of dimming a light source as described above, in particular by applying a pulsed driving signal to said light emitting device and varying the pulse width of said pulsed driving signal. The effect and advantage of such a step has been discussed with reference to the light source.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the attached drawings, which schematically show a preferred embodiment according to the invention. It will be understood that the invention is not in any way restricted to this specific and preferred embodiment.
In the drawings:
ed in an encapsulation 4 transparent for visible light. The light emitti
s connected by leads 5 to a driving means 6 to provide the light emitting de
riving signals, illustrated in
The light emitting device 2 is a solid state light emitting device, such as an organic light emitting diode (LED) or a semiconductor LED. As an example, the LED 2 is a InGaN LED. The LED 2 is capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation in the range from near UV to blue, i.e. in the range of 350 to 490 nm, in response to a driving signal of a driving means 6. As an example, the InGaN LED 2 emits electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 460 nm.
The LED 2 serves as an excitation source for the luminescent cover 3 that is deposited or coated on or over the LED 2 such that the electromagnetic radiation of the LED 2 can be received. The luminescent cover 3, hereinafter also referred to as cover 3, comprises a first activator A1 and a second activator A2. Both activators A1, A2 convert the incident electromagnetic radiation from the LED 2 into visible light, whereby the emission spectra of the two components are referred to as Sp1(λ) and Sp2(λ) respectively. The incident electromagnetic radiation is indicated by Sp0(λ). According to the present embodiment of the invention the two activators A1, A2 have different response characteristics or saturation behavior which can e.g. be achieved by different doping levels or by different nature of the activators A1,A2.
The first activator A1 is a fast activator with a response time τ1/e in the range of 10 nanoseconds-100 microseconds and said second activator A2 is a slow activator with a response time τ1/e in the range of 10 microseconds-100 milliseconds. The fast activator is a green light emitting activator and the slow activator is a red light emitting activator to obtain a white light emitting light source 1.
The first and second activators A1,A2 may be contained in a single host lattice (HL:A1,A2, with HL=host lattice, A1=first activator, A2=second activator), i.e. the first activator A1 and said second activator A2 are part of a single luminescent composition. The first activator A1 and second activator A2 are selected from the group (first activator, second activator) comprising (Eu2+, Mn2+), (Ce3+,Mn2+), (VO43−,Eu3+) and (Bi3+, Eu3+) doped into a host lattice HL selected from the group based on sulphides, oxysulphides, oxides, oxynitrides and nitrides. As an example the composition CaS: Ce3+,Mn2+ is used.
Alternatively, separate host lattices (HL1:A1 and HL2:A2 with HL1=host lattice 1 and HL2=host lattice 2) are employed, i.e. the first activator A1 and second activator A2 are part of different luminescent compositions. The first activator A1 is selected from the group comprising Eu2+,Ce3+,VO43− and Bi3+ doped into the first host lattice HL1 of green light em and the second activator A2 is selected from the group comprising Mn2+ and
to a second host lattice HL2 of red light emitting material. Green-emitting m
ing a strong absorption in the blue and near ultraviolet are e.g. CaS:Ce3
2+, (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+, or (Ba,Sr)Si2N2O2:Eu2+. The red-emitting luminescent composition will be activated by a slow activator, such as Mn2+ or Eu3+. An example is Y2O2S:Eu3+.
The driving means 6 may comprise a pulse generator of low voltage pulses in the range of 2-10 Volts supplied to the LED 2 in order to generate the spectrum Sp0(λ) of the electromagnetic radiation.
Under continuous drive, i.e. the electrical input power of the LED 2 is constant over time t as shown in the upper diagram of
Sp
total(λ)=α*Sp0(λ)+Sp1(λSp2(λ)
wherein α is the fraction of non-converted primary electromagnetic radiation from the LED 2.
In contrast, according to the present embodiment of the invention, the driving signal of the driving means 6 is a discontinuous pulse drive as shown in the middle diagram of
Sp
total(λ)=α*Sp0(λ)+Sp1(λ)+ε*Sp2(λ)
wherein ε=0 . . . 1=degree of saturation of the second activator/phosphor.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the driving signal is a pulsed driving signal P and the driving means 6 is adapted to vary the pulse width W of the pulsed driving signal P, indicated by the arrow 7 in
By modulating the pulse width W of the driving signal P for the LED 2 comprising a cover 3 according to the above mentioned compositions, the spectrum of the visible light can be tuned due to the saturation of the red-emitting component in the spectrum. This feature is desired in all application areas where incandescent or halogen lamps are replaced for economic reasons. Presently, mostly energy saving lamps are installed for this purpose, although the color point of this lamp type shifts to the blue if they are dimmed.
This problem eliminated by the present invention. This embodiment involves the ap
blue light emitting LED 2 comprising a luminescent cover 3, that contains a phosphor exploiting one of the above-mentioned ion couples.
A CaS: Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphor powder is suspended into a silicon precursor used for the flexible filling of the cover 3. Typically, the phosphor concentration in the suspension allows deposition between 10 and 300 μg of phosphor onto the LED 2 with a surface area of about 1 mm2. A catalyst is added to polymerize the silicon precursor, and the LED 2 is sealed by a transparent plastic encapsulation 4.
The 460 nm emitting InGaN LED 2 is driven by a pulse generator 6 that supplies rectangle pulses (2-10 V) at a frequency of 10 kHz. The duration of the rectangle pulses is between 0.1 and 100 μs, thus corresponding to a duty cycle of 0.1 to 100%.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate, rather than limit, the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. The gist of the invention relates to the insight that variation of the driving signal allows an adequate dimming behavior for a light source with activators having different response characteristics. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed in a claim. The word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 04105907.2 | Nov 2004 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB05/53684 | 11/9/2005 | WO | 00 | 5/18/2007 |
