The present invention relates to a light system, and more particularly, to a light system that selectively permits and prevents the passage of light therethrough.
Blinds and window coverings help control how much of the sun's light and heat enter people's homes, while providing privacy and decor. Traditional solutions have many moving parts, are fragile, and only block some of the light, some of the time. Automated solutions can be bulky, slow, loud, and expensive, and still are not entirely effective. Installing newer, transparent LCD smart windows requires replacement of the entire window, and such LCD smart windows have limited color capability. Better solutions for covering windows or selectively permitting and preventing passage of light through a device in other locations are desirable.
The aspects of the present invention are achieved by providing a system, including: a power source, a multi-layer device, and an electronic controller. The multi-layer device is connected to the power source and has two sides: a viewing side and a second side opposite the viewing side. The multi-layer device permits or prevents light to pass therethrough from the second side toward the viewing side. The multi-layer device includes: a coloring layer group having a plurality of pixels, each pixel having at least three sub-pixels corresponding to different colors; and a shutter layer group having a unique sub-pixel shutter corresponding to each sub-pixel of the coloring layer group. The electronic controller is connected to the power source and the multi-layer device, and is adapted to control each sub-pixel shutter to selectively permit or prevent passage of an amount of light therethrough; and control each combination of sub-pixel shutter and corresponding coloring layer sub-pixel to produce pixels on the viewing side that can be any of opaque black, at least substantially opaque white, at least substantially opaque color, transparent, transparent white, and transparent color.
Additional and/or other aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description that follows, or will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
The above and/or other aspects and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be more readily appreciated from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. The embodiments described herein exemplify, but do not limit, the present invention by referring to the drawings.
It will be understood by one skilled in the art that this disclosure is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The embodiments herein are capable of other embodiments, and capable of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it will be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unless limited otherwise, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and “mounted,” and variations thereof herein are used broadly and encompass direct and indirect connections, couplings, and mountings. In addition, the terms “connected” and “coupled” and variations thereof are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings. Further, terms such as up, down, bottom, and top are relative, and are employed to aid illustration, but are not limiting.
Regarding the creation of color, the most familiar method is subtractive coloring, in which colors are created by subtracting (absorbing) parts of the spectrum of light present in ordinary white light. This is accomplished, for example, by colored pigments or dyes, such as those in paints, inks, and the three dye layers in typical color photographs on film.
In contrast, additive color is color created by mixing a number of different light colors, with shades of red, green, and blue being the most common primary colors used in an additive color system. The combination of two of these standard three additive primary colors in equal proportions produces an additive secondary color, i.e., cyan, magenta or yellow. More specifically, as shown in
Further, when the areas of red light 2, green light 4, and blue light 8 are overlaid, the overlapping area produces an area of white light 14
One example of additive color can be found in the overlapping projected colored lights often used in theatrical lighting for plays, concerts, circus shows and night clubs. Computer monitors and televisions are probably the most common examples of additive coloring. If viewed with a sufficiently powerful magnifying lens, each pixel in cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), and most other types of color video displays is composed of red, green, and blue sub-pixels 16, 18, 20 (see
When mixing additive colors, results are often counterintuitive for those accustomed to the subtractive color system (e.g., pigments, dyes, inks, and other substances that present color to the eye by reflection rather than emission). For example, in subtractive color systems, green is a combination of yellow and cyan. As previously noted with respect to
On the market today, there are generally two categories of screens available: opaque and see-through. Opaque screens are what most people have as TVs in their homes or use day to day as computer monitors or cellphones. Often they use backlights to create vivid images. See-through screens are less common, though can be found in store displays. Due to their see-through nature, a viewer can see through the colored image being rendered on the see-through screen to objects and lights in the background.
One example of an opaque screen is a liquid crystal display (LCD) or LCD assembly. The design, construction and operation of LCDs is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. See, e.g., “Liquid-crystal display”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal display (retrieved on Jul. 6, 2016) and references cited therein, all incorporated herein by reference. An LCD creates an even, white light with its optics system and controls the particular amount of that light (or luminance) that passive color filters using sub-pixel “shutter-like” mechanisms. These sub-pixel shutters control the luminance values of colored sub-pixels, which in combination create a single color value per pixel.
An example of the polarizing filter 30 includes a first polarizing layer 32, an electrode 34 that drives a liquid crystal layer 36, and a second polarizing layer 38 that is oriented to be orthogonal to the first polarizing layer 32. In operation, when the liquid layer is un-powered (as shown in
If the electrode 34 powers the liquid crystal layer 36, the liquid crystals align linearly and no longer turn the light. The un-turned light cannot pass through the second polarizing layer 38, and as a result, the sub-pixel is would show up as opaque black through viewing side substrate 44.
Put another way, the LCD transforms a single light source (26) into what appears to be an even white rectangular glowing white surface. The optic system does two things for the LCD, it provides a source of light and it provides white values. But it does not render any image; it merely illuminates it. As an analogy, the LCD optic system can be thought of as a white piece of paper onto which an image is created. In this way, the colors are pure.
Using sub-pixel size shutters, which are made of electronically controlled liquid crystals (LCs) sandwiched between two polarized films with orientations 90 degrees to one another, a precise amount of light can be permitted to pass through. The amount of light is proportional to the amount of energy applied to the LC. Sub-pixel color filters, which are typically red, green and blue, are transparent and are each illuminated by the light passing through the final polarizer. Their combined values together create a single color value per pixel
The LCD has a lot of control over luminance and white values, as the backlight is a very precise white color and very precise brightness. But there is no control over opacity. The LCD is always opaque. The light from the sun cannot make it through the back of the display.
For the LCD, all pixels are opaque Thus, the non-image pixel area 58 and the white highlight area 56 are opaque white, the lighter and darker red areas 50 and 52 are opaque red, and the shadow area 54 is opaque black.
In a see-through LCD or LCD assembly, there is no even, white backlight; instead, it uses natural or ambient light. As a result, when the sub-pixel shutters are open to allow light to reach the color filters, the colors can be distorted by what is directly behind them, because the source of light is not a pure white backlight. For example, if a see-through is placed on a window that looks out at a pine tree, for the image pixels that are aligned with the pine tree from a viewer's perspective, those image pixels will be receiving light reflected from the pine tree, thereby distorting the color of those image pixels.
See-through LCDs have less control over luminance because they rely on their environments for a light source. Further, they only have partial control over opacity. Darker colors are more opaque than lighter colors, and white is completely transparent or clear. This is because polarizers block light, while color filters simple colorize the light that is coming through. Thus, one would be able to see through the display more easily when it is displaying lighter colors than when the colors are dark.
In an organic light emitting diode (OLED) or OLED assembly, the colored sub-pixels themselves illuminate and do not rely on a backlight for illumination. Additionally, the colored sub-pixels have no need for sub-pixel shutters to achieve darker colors or black; the intensity of the colored sub-pixels are merely turned down or completely off by an electronic controller. This reduction in layers makes OLED assemblies thinner in depth than typical LCD assemblies. The OLED assembly produces an image by modulating the luminance values of the red, green, and blue (RGB) sub-pixels per pixel. Generally, the OLED sits directly in front of a black background or backplate. Like an LCD assembly, the OLED assembly is completely opaque and a viewer in front cannot see through the backplate. The design, construction and operation of OLED assemblies is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. See, e.g., “OLED”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED (retrieved on Jul. 6, 2016) and references cited therein, all incorporated herein by reference.
In a see-through OLED, the colors themselves illuminate and do not rely on a backlight for illumination. The OLED produces an image by modulating the luminance values of the RGB subpixels per pixel. The see-through OLED uses a half-silvered or half-mirrored layer to partially control opacity. The half-silvered layer does not render an image. But the see-through OLED assembly is subject to unwanted transparency if what is on the other side is brighter than the illuminated pixels themselves. A see-through OLED assembly does not block light at all.
In a see-through OLED, all colors emit light and are some percentage transparent by their nature. The transparency becomes more noticeable when there is a light source of similar or greater intensity than the OLEDs themselves, on the other side of the half-silvered substrate. In other words, see-through OLED technology has more control over luminance, but less control over opacity. The typical see-through OLED actually gets clearer as the color values and luminances (per pixel) approach black.
The light emitting portion 76 is substantially the same as that in the OLED assembly, and includes an electrode 84 driving an active coloring emitter 86, and a single layer polarizer 88. The mixed light 82 passes through the single layer polarizer 88 and then through the viewing side substrate 88 toward the viewer.
The following table summarizes characteristics of LCDs, see through LCDs, OLEDs, and see-through OLEDs.
Preferably, the power source 102 is a transparent photovoltaic layer to harvest solar energy to power the device, in combination with battery storage. According to other embodiments, a transparent photovoltaic layer alone, a non-transparent photovoltaic cell, one or more batteries, or an AC power source can be used without departing from the scope the present invention. Additionally, combinations of these power sources can be employed without departing from the scope the present invention.
The multi-layer device 106 has a viewing side and a second side opposite the viewing side. The multi-layer device 106 permits or prevents light to pass therethrough from the second side toward the viewing, and includes at least a coloring layer group 108 and a shutter layer group 110.
According to one embodiment, the coloring layer group 108 has a plurality of pixels, each pixel having at least three sub-pixels corresponding to different colors, and the shutter layer group 110 has a unique sub-pixel shutter corresponding to each sub-pixel of the coloring layer group 108. In this embodiment, the electronic controller 104, which is connected to the power source 102 and the multi-layer device 106, controls each sub-pixel shutter to selectively permit or prevent passage of an amount of light therethrough. The electronic controller 104 also controls control each combination of sub-pixel shutter and corresponding coloring layer sub-pixel to produce pixels on the viewing side that can be any of opaque black, at least substantially opaque white (subsequently described in greater detail), at least substantially opaque color (subsequently described in greater detail), transparent, transparent white, and transparent color.
According to another embodiment, the coloring layer group 108 has a plurality of pixels, each pixel having at least one sub-pixel corresponding to a color, and the shutter layer group 110 has a unique sub-pixel shutter corresponding to each sub-pixel of the coloring layer group 108. In this embodiment, the electronic controller 104 controls each sub-pixel shutter to selectively permit or prevent passage of an amount of light therethrough. The electronic controller 104 also controls each combination of sub-pixel shutter and corresponding coloring layer sub-pixel to produce pixels on the viewing side that can be any of opaque black, at least substantially opaque color, and transparent.
According to another embodiment, the multi-layer device also includes a diffusing layer group (subsequently described in greater detail) 112.
This embodiment has less control over luminance than a LCD, as it relies on light in its environment, like a see-through LCD. But this embodiment has substantial control over its opacity: opaque black, substantially opaque white, or substantially opaque color pixels can be present next to transparent pixels.
When used to block light through a window, the present embodiment uses the sun as its primary light source, instead of a backlight as in a LCD's optic system. But this embodiment can be used to block other light sources as well. For example, light from a projector, laser light, or an LED light bar, to name a few. In other words, this embodiment is not necessarily employed in conjunction with a window.
In more detail, as shown in
The diffusing layer group 116 helps to control the opacity and white value of the system 114. The diffusing layer group 116 achieves opacity values from completely transparent to diffuse white on a sub-pixel basis. In one embodiment, the diffusing layer group 116 achieves this using the electronic controller 104 and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC).
“Privacy glass” is a phrase used in industry to describe windows that employ PDLCs and electronic controllers to make a window change from transparent to substantially opaque (usually white), and back again. Although in industry, the second state is referred to as “opaque,” but is actually substantially opaque, or what could be deemed translucent, not truly opaque. This is because in a powered state, an electric field in the PDLC orients the liquid crystal molecules to permit light to pass therethrough, but in an un-powered state, the crystals are not so oriented, and instead, scatter light so that the PDLC no longer appears clear. Some of the scattered light may pass through the PDLC in a viewing direction, and thus, the PDLC does not completely block light from passing therethrough. In other words, light passes through the PDLC, but the viewing side of the PDLC is not transparent. In this application, this is referred to as “substantially opaque”. Similarly, as used in this application, the phrase “at least substantially opaque” means a range from substantially opaque to completely opaque, in which light is blocked.
When a white PDLC is used in combination with the other layer groups, the pixelated diffuser layer functions to bring substantially white values to the resulting image. In color terms, this layer tints the image.
As shown in
In another embodiment, rather than a PDLC, the diffusing layer group includes a suspended particle device (SPD) disposed on a substrate. An SPD is a thin film laminate of rod-like nano-scale particles is suspended in a liquid and placed between two pieces of glass or plastic, or attached to one layer. When no voltage is applied, the suspended particles are randomly organized, thus blocking and absorbing light. When voltage is applied, the suspended particles align and let light pass. Varying the voltage of the film varies the orientation of the suspended particles, thereby regulating the tint of the glazing and the amount of light transmitted. See, e.g., “Smart Glass” at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_glass (retrieved on Jul. 6, 2016) and references cited therein, all incorporated herein by reference.
According to one embodiment, the polarizing filter 118 includes a shutter layer group 118, including a first polarizing layer 136, an electrode 138 controlled by the electronic controller 104 to drive a liquid crystal layer 140, and a second polarizing layer 142 that is oriented to be orthogonal to the first polarizing layer 136. In operation, when the liquid crystal layer is un-powered (as shown in
Although most PDLCs are white PDLCs, colored PDLCs can be employed, and can produce diffused, or substantially opaque colors. Preferably in this embodiment, the coloring layer group 150 is a coloring diffusing layer group 150, and includes a colored PDLC 150, which is substantially the same as the PDLC 128 of system 114 except that the PDLC 150 is colored, not white. Therefore, further description of the PDLC 150 is omitted for brevity.
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The coloring layer group 158 preferably includes an electrode 160 controlled by the electronic controller 104. The electrode 160 drives an active coloring emitter 162, and the coloring layer group 158 also preferably includes a single layer polarizer 164 disposed on the viewing side of the active coloring emitter 162. Most preferably, the coloring layer group 158 includes an OLED.
In the state depicted in
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In the state depicted in
The coloring layer group 172 preferably includes both a coloring diffusion layer group 174 and an active color emitting layer group 176. The coloring diffusion layer group 174 is substantially similar to the previously-described coloring diffusing layer group 150, and further description is omitted for brevity. Similarly, the active color emitting layer group 176 is substantially similar to the previously-described coloring layer group 158, and further description is omitted for brevity.
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Other methods can be used in a shutter blocking layer group, such as electrochromic technology, SPDs, microblinds, and nano-crystals, as would e understood by one skilled in the art given the information described in this application.
Other embodiments of the present invention are shown in
According to one embodiment, the housing 302 is made of extruded aluminum, but one skilled in the will understand that other materials can be used without departing from the present invention's scope. The housing 302 includes the brain of the system that connects the multi-layered devices to a user. According to one embodiment, the housing 302 includes a memory, a processor, and input and output controllers. Preferably, the system 300 uses Wi-Fi to connect to other devices, such as smart phones tablets and other computing devices. One skilled in the art will appreciate, however, that other communication means can be employed without departing from the present invention's scope. For example, wired connections, Bluetooth, or other wireless communication means can be employed. Because the system can communicate with multiple devices, this communication provides greater control over the multi-layered device's appearance and settings, even remotely.
In one embodiment, the housing 302 includes an array of rechargeable batteries 308 that store the solar energy harnessed by the multi-layered device 304 to power the system 300 at night. In one embodiment, the system can be connected to a buildings power grid, and the batteries 308 could also be used to assist in everyday power consumption. According to one embodiment, the housing 302 has a minimal design aesthetic that allows it to blend seamlessly into any style environment.
Preferably, the multi-layered device 304 includes several thin film layers. A transparent photovoltaic layer 310 is positioned against the window and captures the sun's energy to charge the batteries 308. Two interior layers of the multi-layered device 304 utilize two different liquid crystal technologies: a transparent LCD 312 and a pixelated LC Diffuser 314. Together these two layers 312 and 314 enable the system 300 to go from being perfectly transparent to blackout, through grayscale and full color, thereby allowing for endless control over the appearance of the window. Additionally, it is preferable for one of the multi-layered device's layers, for example, the transparent photovoltaic layer 310 to include an adhesive for attaching the multi-layered device 304 to a window.
The fourth layer 316, which faces the interior of a room, is a protective layer that has a cut safe zone 318, which allows a user or installer (hereinafter referred to as a user for brevity) to cut the multi-layered device 304 and custom fit the multi-layered device 304 to a given window. According to one embodiment, the cut safe zone 318 is located only on the perimeter of the multi-layered device 304. In yet another embodiment, only a portion the perimeter of the multi-layered device 104 includes the cut safe zone 318. According to another embodiment, one or more cut safe zones can also be located within a central portion of the multi-layered device 304.
The system 300 is designed to be easy to install. A reversible mount can be attached to either a wall or a ceiling, or to window casing, by any fastening technology, such as screws, nails, or adhesive. Preferably, the housing 302 is self-locking with respect to the mount and, subsequent to securing the mount, only requires a user to press the housing 302 into the mount to secure the housing 302.
The cut safe zone 318 allows the self-adhesive multi-layered device 304 to be installed onto the glass pane, edge to edge, without any light leaks. Once the multi-layered device 304 and the housing 302 are installed, a ribbon cable 320 is plugged directly into a port 322 on the multi-layered device 304 to connect the multi-layered device 304 with the housing 302. For windows that open, where for example, there is a top stationary window and a lower window that opens, according to one embodiment, the ribbon cable 320 can auto retract and spool within the body of the housing 302 to ensure that the connection is not broken. Additionally, multiple systems 300 can be grouped by linking the respective housings together, allowing them to be controlled from a single control wand 306 or other device (such as the aforementioned smart phone, tablet, or computer). According to one embodiment, the respective housings are wired together, but one skilled in the art will appreciate that wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, can also be employed to connect the housings without departing from the present invention's scope.
Designed to be familiar, the control wand 306 is connected to the housing 302 near an end of the housing 302, similar to the positioning of a rod (sometimes referred to as a wand) that controls the rotation of conventional horizontal blinds. Preferably, the control wand 306 includes a faceted grip.
The functioning of the control wand is also designed to be familiar. According to one embodiment, the control wand 306 is connected to the housing 302 such that twisting the control wand 306 controls the opacity of multi-layered device's image. The opacity can vary from completely blacked out to partially transparent, to transparent.
In addition, according to one embodiment, the control wand 306 is touch sensitive. Preferably, the control wand is capacitive. For example, the control wand is preferably connected to the housing 302 such that the user can slide his or her finger or fingers up and down on the capacitive wand 306 to change the vertical position of the image displayed on the multi-layered device 304. As a more specific example, one portion of the multi-layered device 304 can display an opaque image while another portion of the multi-layered device 304 displays a transparent or semi-transparent image. If the user slides his or her fingers up the control wand 306, the portion of the multi-layered device 304 displaying the opaque image decreases, and if the user slides their fingers down the control wand 106, the portion of the multi-layered device 304 displaying the opaque image increases.
For even more control, the system 300 effortlessly connects to a Wi-Fi or other remote control device to offer customized settings. Such customized settings can include, but are not limited to automated wakeups, variable moods, and vacation modes. For example, the interface on a tablet computer, smart phone, computer, or the like can be employed to adjust pattern and color displayed on the multi-layered device 304 to create customized and inspired spaces that set the perfect mood by altering the color of the natural sunlight.
In addition, the system 300 can be set to know when the user is away and to activate an predetermined automated program to change the multi-layered device's display at different times. The system 300 can also be set to wake the user up in the morning and relax the user in the evening with sunrise and sunset routines. Further, when the system 300 is connected to the user's devices, the system 300 can alert the user to meetings and appointments, calls, emails, and other important reminders. Preferably the system can also be connected to a user's home, for example, via a security system, and can alert the user to door openings, whether the oven is on, and whether the dishwasher cycle is complete.
In the summer, the multi-layered devices 304 of the system 300 can appear more opaque to block light and heat from entering, and in the winter, the multi-layered devices 304 can appear more transparent to use the available light and heat to illuminate and warm the space naturally.
According to one embodiment, the system 300 can be connected to current weather data for its exact location, and can be set to constantly adjust the multi-layered devices to allow in as much or as little natural light and heat from the sun as desired to help maintain a desired temperature, thereby offsetting the use of the building's HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) system.
By harvesting and storing solar energy to power itself, the system reduces the power needs of the user's home, efficiently saving the user time and money. The system's cost effective design always works for the user. They system's minimal use of materials and components means that it is lightweight and has a low shipping cost. Because the system 300 is energy independent, it quickly pays for itself.
In a workspace, the system can turn a board mom into a presentation theater, use alerts to keep a person informed and efficient, and maximize lighting for optimal working conditions.
In a retail environment, the system can customize and quickly change out window displays, provide blackout security when a store is closed, and streamline and optimize advertising campaigns across multiple stores simultaneously.
In an event space, the system can transform the space by providing curated, custom imagery for any special gathering, transition and control light from day into the evening, and engage guests with potential to control settings through their personal devices, such as tablets and phones.
In a residential setting, the system can transform windows into custom canvases for expression and design, intuitively control light and heat in a space, and connect to personal and home smart devices for greater control and capability.
In restaurants and bars, the system can transition decor throughout the day's service—creating different moods for different menus, control natural light for the optimal dining experience, and extend the establishment's theme into an engaging active environment.
In a healthcare environment, the system can provide optimized sunlight conditions for patients, allow patients to customize their rooms and create a sense of warmth through personalized messages and images, and create custom soothing patterns and welcoming ambient environments throughout the hospital or facility.
In hospitality environments, such as hotels, the system can provide full blackout capabilities for jet lagged travelers to sleep effectively, give each room a unique identity or allow guests to customize to their choosing, and transition the hotel's decor seasonally throughout the year.
In an educational environment, the system can Provide optimal sunlight conditions for focusing and learning, engage students with immersive patterns to tie to lesson plans, and provide the capability to present information on windows to engage the classroom in a whole new way.
In an entertainment venue or environment, the system can project shows, movies tv and sports, provide backdrops for plays or live shows, and compliment any activity, from yoga to cooking classes.
Another technology that could be used to create a diffusing layer is Suspended Particle Device technology in combination with a sub-pixel active matrix. SPD utilizes a thin film laminate of rod-like nano-scale particles suspended in a liquid and attached to a substrate. When no voltage is applied the particles are randomly oriented and tend to block and absorb light. When a voltage is applied the particles align and allow light to pass through. Varying the voltage varies the orientation of the particles, which gives the user control over how much light is transmitted.
The nano scale particles would be calibrated to control how they affect the light so as to achieve a number of specific results. This could be achieved in two ways; 1 By varying the amount of particles being suspended would affect transparency of the base state (no power applied) 2. By calibrating the color of the particles themselves.
The diffuse particles would be calibrated so that they create what appears to be a substantially opaque white when zero power is applied and the particles are randomly oriented. Further, when power is applied and the particles do align, transparency of the layer results.
When used as a shutter layer the SPD would be calibrated to block and absorb the light creating a range from substantially opaque black to transparent when driven by an active matrix on a sub-pixel level.
When used as a coloring layer group the SPD would be calibrated to create a transparent color in its base state. When used in combination with an active matrix on a sub-pixel level, wherein each pixel comprises a red SPD transparent sub-pixel, a green SPD transparent sub-pixel, and a blue SPD transparent sub-pixel. In this case SPD could be used to create an active matrix color filter layer group.
Additionally a coloring diffusing layer group could utilize specially calibrated SPD. Where in each pixel comprises a red SPD diffusing sub-pixel, a green SPD diffusing sub-pixel, and a blue SPD diffusing sub-pixel.
Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Instead, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. It is particularly noted that those skilled in the art can readily combine the various technical aspects of the various elements of the various exemplary embodiments that have been described above in numerous other ways, all of which are considered to be within the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
This application claims priority under 35 USC § 119(e) from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 62/189,202 and 62/233,026, respectively filed on Jul. 6, 2015 and Sep. 25, 2015, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US16/41210 | 7/6/2016 | WO | 00 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62189202 | Jul 2015 | US | |
62233026 | Sep 2015 | US |