The optic axis (5) of the light unit (10) is for example aligned normally to the light-emitting chip (21) and penetrates the light distribution body (31). The latter is arranged rotationally symmetrical to the optic axis (5) in this design example. The front view of the light distribution body can also be designed square, rectangular, elliptical, etc. In the light distribution chart, the light source is arranged in the center, so that the zero degree direction (2) originates at the light-emitting chip (21). Here it is oriented parallel to the optic axis (5) in the direction of the frontal area (43) of the light distribution body (31), which is facing away from the light-emitting chip (21). In the representation of
In
The light distribution body (31) has e.g. a length of 3 millimeters along the optic axis (5) above the non-glowing light source (21). Its maximum diameter in a plane normal to the optic axis (5) is for example 5 millimeters. The length of the light distribution body (31) in this design example is therefore smaller than 70% of its maximum diameter. The light distribution body (31) can have dimensions larger or smaller than those stated. For instance, the diameter of the light distribution body (31) can e.g. be between 3 and 8 millimeters.
The light distribution body (31) comprises two sections (32, 42) of at least approximately the same length arranged in series in the zero degree direction (2), which are connected with each other by means of a transition area (61) designed as a constriction (62). The lower section (32) shown in
In the sectional view of
The central points (38) of the osculating circles lie on the large semiaxes (36). These osculating circles are at a tangent to the hemiellipse (34) at least in the final points (37) of the large semiaxes (36). The radius of the osculating circles is for example between 40% and 90% of the length of the large semiaxes (36) of the hemiellipse (34). In the representation of
The hemiellipse (34) passes e.g. at a tangent into the constriction (62) designed for example as a hollow molding. Its radius is e.g. 2% of the length of the hemiellipse (34).
The maximum diameter of the truncated cone (44) is for example 90% of the maximum diameter of the light distribution body (31). Its peripheral surface (46) has an upper (47) and a lower area (48). In the upper area (47), the peripheral surface (46) here is inclined by 20 degrees to the optic axis (5). The length of this area (47), measured parallel to the optic axis (5), is e.g. 35% of the length of the light distribution body (31). In the lower area (48) in this design example, the inclination of the peripheral surface (46) to the optic axis (5) is 60 degrees. The peripheral surface (46) can also be designed stepped. The steps then comprise e.g. several surfaces, which are offset to each other and are inclined 20 degrees to the optic axis.
The hollow (49) of the frontal area (43) facing away from the light-emitting chip (21) is designed in a funnel shape and tapers in the direction of the light-emitting chip (21). It runs towards a point (52). Its depth is for example 48% of the length of the light distribution body (31). The largest diameter of the hollow (49) in this design example is 80% of the maximum diameter of the light distribution body (31). The generatrix of the periphery (51) of the hollow (49) in this design example is a parabola, cf.
The light-emitting diode (20) is manufactured for example by means of an injection molding process in two processing steps. The material used in the injection molding process in both processing steps is for example a highly transparent thermoplastic, e.g. modified polymethylmethacrylimide (PMMI), polysuflon (PSU), silicone, etc. In the first processing step, the light-emitting chip (21) is surrounded with an electronic protective body not shown here. In the second processing step, this is extruded to form the light distribution body (31). This therefore results in a homogeneous light distribution body (31), which lies directly against the light-emitting chip (21). The light-emitting diode (20) can also be manufactured in a single processing step. If necessary, the shape of the surface of the light distribution body (31) can in addition be changed by means of a forming operation.
During the operation of the light-emitting diode (20), the light-emitting chip (21) presumed here as a pinhead emits light as a Lambertian source at least approximately in a half-space. By way of example,
The interface (35) of the hemiellipsoid (33) can be designed in the form of a Fresnel lens. For instance, it can comprise individual rotating rings designed as Fresnel elements. The theoretical envelope shape of such a Fresnel lens is the converging lens described above.
Light (85, 86), which is emitted from the light-emitting chip (21) at an angle to the optic axis (5), which is smaller than 35 degrees, travels to the periphery (51) of the hollow (49). The light (85, 86) hits this periphery (51) at an angle to the normal line in the point of impact, which is larger than the critical angle of the total reflection. The periphery (51) forms a total reflection surface (91) for the impinging light (85, 86), on which the impinging light (85, 86) is reflected in the direction of the peripheral surface (46). A small proportion of the light emitted from the light-emitting chip (21) penetrates through the point (52) of the hollow (49) into the surroundings (1).
The total reflection surface (91) can for example be made up of individual surface entities. The connecting line of the surface entity to the light-emitting chip (21) then takes in an angle with the normal line in this surface entity, which is larger than the critical angle of the total reflection. The periphery (51) of the hollow (49) can also be vaporized. It can be larger than the total reflection surface (91).
In this design example, the beams of light (85, 86) reflected on the total reflection surface (91) are at least approximately parallel to each other. The light hits the peripheral surface (46) at an angle to the normal line in the point of impact, which is smaller than the critical angle of the total reflection. On penetrating through the peripheral surface (46), which forms a refraction surface (93), it is deflected from the perpendicular. In the design example shown here, the light (85, 86) emerges at an angle of 75 degrees to the optic axis (5) into the surroundings (1). The peripheral surface (46) can also be arranged in such a way that the reflected light (85, 86) penetrates it without refraction.
The light (85, 86) emerging from the upper section (42) overlaps with the light (82, 84), which emerges from the lower section (32) of the light distribution body (31). The light emitted from the light-emitting chip (21) is deflected. The maximum of the light intensity is for example in an area around 75 degrees to the optic axis (5). Due to the homogeneous material of the light distribution body (31) and the low refraction losses, the light unit (10) described here has a high level of efficiency.
The transition area (61) between the lower section (32) and the upper section (42) of the light distribution body (31) is for example defined in such a way that in the representation of
sin(x)/(n−cos(x))=tan(90°-alpha)−tan(x)/(1+(tan(90°-alpha)*tan(x))
In this formula, n is the refractive index of the material of the lower section (32). The origin of the angle Alpha is the penetration point of the beam of light through the interface (35) of the lower section (32). The origin of the critical angle (Alpha+x) is the light-emitting chip (21). The critical angle of the periphery (51) established in this way also determines the peripheral surface (46) of the upper section (42).
To construct a light unit (10), the maximum of intensity of which lies in a segment which is smaller than 75 degrees, the center line of the hemiellipsoid (33) is for example moved away from the light-emitting chip (21) in the zero degree direction (2). At the same time, the angle of inclination of at least the upper area (47) of the peripheral surface (46) to the optic axis (5) can for example be increased.
If the maximum of intensity is to lie e.g. at an angle of 85 degrees to the optic axis (5), the center line of the hemiellipsoid (33) can be arranged closer to the light-emitting chip (21). At the same time, the angle of inclination e.g. of the upper area (47) of the peripheral surface (46) to the optic axis (5) can be reduced.
To produce a light unit (10) with a narrow radiation segment, a large distance of the central points (38) of the osculating circles to the light-emitting chip (21) can for example be selected. Conversely, for a wide radiation segment the central points (38) of the osculating circles can be placed close to the light-emitting chip (21). To adjust the desired light distribution chart, a variation of the osculating circle radii and, as such, the curvature of the ellipsoid (33) is conceivable.
A light unit (10) with a light-emitting diode (20) and a reflector (70) optically downstream to the light-emitting diode (20) is shown in
The light-emitting diode (20) corresponds to a large extent to the light-emitting diode (20) shown in
The reflector (70) is designed in a concave shape and constructed e.g. coaxially to the optic axis (5). The light-emitting diode (20) sits in its center. It comprises two reflection areas (71, 72) here. An inner cone-shaped area (71) is surrounded by an external, e.g. parabolically designed area (72). In this case, the cone-shaped area (71) is for example inclined by 45 degrees to the optic axis (5).
The beam of light (81) which goes through the central point (38) of the osculating circle of the hemiellipse (34) is shown in the sectional view of
Furthermore, the beam of light (87) which is at a tangent to the constriction (62) is shown in this
The two beams of light (81, 87) described intersect in the sectional view of
Light (85, 86), which is emitted from the light-emitting chip (21) at an angle to the optic axis (5), which is smaller than the angle of inclination of the beam of light (87), hits the cone-shaped area of the reflector (70). The light (85, 86) is reflected there in the zero degree direction (2). The individual beams of light (85, 86) are now for example parallel to each other.
The light (82-84), which is emitted from the light-emitting chip (21) into an angle segment, which is limited by the angles of inclination of the emitted beams of light (81) and (87), hits the parabolic area (72) of the reflector (70). It is reflected here in the zero degree direction (2).
Viewed from a distance, this therefore results in a largely homogeneous luminous light unit (10) without any dark spots.
The reflector (70) can also be designed with a single conical or a single arched area. With this, a diffuse proportion of the light emitted from the light unit (10) can for example be specifically produced. Designing the reflector (70) parabolically in the basic form is also conceivable. Pillow-like elevations and/or depressions are then arranged on the reflector surface for example.
All of the light emerging from the light unit (20) is distributed on a large surface of the reflector (70) and reflected there. Minor inaccuracies of the coating of the reflector (70) do not interfere with the light emitted from the light unit (10). The reflector (70) used can therefore be manufactured in a diameter range in which e.g. the coating can be produced reliably and accurately.
The light unit (10) has therefore been designed compactly and is highly efficient.
The light unit (10) can also be designed in such a way that in a view from the frontal area (43) the reflector (70) and/or the light distribution body (31) is a segment of a rotationally symmetrical body. A square, rectangular, limited by a polygon function, etc. shape of the light distribution body (31) and/or of the reflector (70) is also conceivable. The light-emitting diode (20) can also comprise several light-emitting chips (21).
Combinations of the various design examples are also conceivable.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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102006034070.1 | Jul 2006 | DE | national |