Patent Application
20180246305
The present invention generally relates to the field of lighting devices. In particular, the present invention relates to lighting devices able to provide a virtual light source.
Traditional incandescent lighting devices have a natural omnidirectional light spreading since the upper portion of the filament is spaced from the screw base of the lighting device. Consequently, light is emitted not just forwardly and laterally, but also backwardly. Conventional solid state based lighting devices, such as light emitting diode (LED) based lighting devices, has a more directed light spreading compared to such incandescent lighting devices since the light source (such as the LED) is itself flat and is normally attached to the base of the lighting device for providing sufficient heat dissipation from the light source via the heat sink arranged at the base. Therefore, the light spreading pattern of LEDs is normally of the Lambertian type, which means that light is emitted mainly forwardly from the lighting device.
In order to resemble the more omnidirectional light spreading of a traditional incandescent lighting device, solid state based lighting devices may comprise a light guide for guiding light emitted by the light source and emit it from a position remote from (such as above) the base of the lighting device. Another alternative is to provide an optical feature for creating a virtual light source above the real light source, e.g. by redirecting and/or refracting light from the light source. Thus, the virtual light source is spaced from the base of the lighting device and therefore spreads light in lateral and backward directions. An example of such a lighting device is shown in US 20120320580 A1. A drawback with such a lighting device is that the optical cover (or envelope) comprising the optical feature for refracting light may be complicated and expensive to manufacture.
It would be advantageous to achieve a lighting device overcoming, or at least alleviating, the above mentioned drawbacks. In particular, it would be desirable to enable a lighting device, which is less complicated and less expensive to manufacture.
To better address one or more of these concerns, a lighting device having the features defined in the independent claim is provided. Preferable embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
Hence, according to an aspect, a lighting device is provided. The lighting device comprises a base, at least one light source arranged at the base, at least one light transmissive optical element, and a light transmissive envelope arranged to cover the at least one light source and the at least one optical element. At least a portion of the at least one optical element has a thickness increasing in direction towards the base, said portion being arranged laterally beside the optical axis of the at least one light source so as to refract light emitted by the at least one light source for creating at least one virtual light source spaced from the base.
The optical element provides a negative lens action and refracts light emitted (in particular in lateral directions) by the at least one light source away from an optical axis of the lighting device, i.e. more towards a backward direction of the lighting device. As a consequence, a virtual light source appears, which is spaced from (such as above) the base (e.g. between the light source and the envelope). As the virtual light source is spaced from the base, the light intensity is increased in the lateral and backward directions, which creates a more omnidirectional light spreading of the lighting device.
In the context of this invention, under a virtual light source is to be understood an image of the physical light source. This can be realized by a lens that creates this image. Further, this image does not need to be an exact image, it may be deformed or blurred to some extent. The essential part of this virtual light source is that it seems that a light source is positioned somewhere in the lighting device, but that it is not physically present at that position. In the sense of this invention a scattering output surface from e.g. a light guide is not considered to be a virtual light source, for this does not represent an image of the real light source.
Further, as the (real) light source is arranged at the base, heat dissipation from the light source can be facilitated, as the base may interface e.g. a heat sink of the lighting device or the ambient air. Further, the present aspect enables using several and/or larger light sources without the optical element necessarily getting more bulky, as the portion with increasing thickness is arranged laterally beside the optical axis of the light source instead of on (or above) the light source. In contrast, conventional solutions having a light guide coupled to the light source for guiding light away from the base get more bulky with increased size and/or number of light sources, as the light guide must be made larger due to the larger output surface of the light sources. Hence, the present aspect is less light source dependent compared to such conventional solutions. Further, the present aspect is advantageous in that the amount of light being reflected back towards the light source is reduced, which is a common issue with conventional light guide based solutions. Hence, the efficiency of the lighting device is increased.
In order to achieve more space between the virtual light source and the base and, thus, an improved omnidirectional light spreading, the variation in thickness of the light refracting optical feature needs to be rather significant. Having merely an envelope with a thickness strongly increasing towards the base (and no optical element), the envelope may be hard to released from an injection mold for molding the envelope. Hence, more complicated injection molding techniques are required in order to achieve a larger variation in the thickness. Such injection molding techniques may include e.g. using a mold with collapsible core, using a silicone envelope that can be deformed during release from the mold or using glass blowing. The present aspect is advantageous in that each one of the envelope and the optical element may be manufactured separately, e.g. by standard injection molding technique, which is less complicated and less expensive than the above described injection molding techniques. Hence, a standard envelope may be used in combination with an optical element having a varying thickness.
In the present specification, a lateral direction may be any direction crossing (such as being substantially perpendicular to) the optical axis of the at least one light source. The optical axis of the at least one light source may coincide with the optical axis of the lighting device.
It will be appreciated that the virtual light source may not necessarily be a perfect image of the real light source. The virtual light source may e.g. be deformed, blurred or split up into multiple virtual images at different positions.
In the present specification, the term “base” may e.g. include a support surface in the lighting device for supporting the light source and optionally also the optical element and/or the envelope. Further, the optical element and the envelope being light transmissive may include that they are e.g. transparent or translucent. The portion of the optical element having a thickness increasing towards the base may e.g. include that the portion of the optical element has a cross-section being tapered in a direction away from the base.
According to an embodiment, the at least one optical element and the envelope may be separate (or distinct) parts. Preferably, they may be manufactured separately. When assembled in the lighting device, they may or may not be interconnected. Hence, they may be mounted separately in the lighting device, or they may be joined (e.g. glued) to each other prior to being mounted in the lighting device.
According to an embodiment, the at least one optical element may be (directly or indirectly) coupled to the base and extend in a direction away from the base. For example, the optical element may be arranged such that one or more portions with thicknesses increasing towards the base are located laterally beside the at least one light source on the base.
According to an embodiment, the envelope may have a (substantially) uniform thickness, such as less than 10% variation in the thickness. For example, the envelope may be a standard envelope component, which facilitates manufacturing of the lighting device. This is rendered possible since the variation in thickness for achieving the desired refraction of light is provided in the optical element. Alternatively, the envelope may have a thickness slightly increasing towards the base so as to increase the light refracting effect. Preferably, such a variation in thickness of the envelope may be sufficiently small to allow using standard injection molding techniques for forming the envelope.
According to an embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the at least one optical element may increase continuously towards the base, whereby irregularities in the light intensity distribution is reduced. Hence, the portion of the optical element may have cross-section being continuously tapered in direction away from the base. The thickness of the portion of the optical element may e.g. be linearly or non-linearly increasing towards the base.
Various shapes of the optical element with a varying thickness may be envisaged for achieving the desired light refracting effect. Some examples of such shapes will be described in the following.
In an embodiment, the at least one optical element may comprise an additional envelope arranged to cover the at least one light source and having a thickness increasing in direction towards the base. Hence, the additional envelope (of the optical element) may be arranged on the inside of the main envelope.
According to an embodiment, the at least one optical element may comprise at least one cylindrical (such as annular) portion arranged laterally around the optical axis of the at least one light source and having at least a portion with a thickness increasing towards the base. The cylindrical portion may e.g. laterally surround the light source such that light emitted from the light source in lateral directions is refracted by the optical element. The present embodiment is advantageous in that the ratio between the minimum thickness (which may be constituted by merely the envelope thickness) and the maximum thickness (which may be constituted by the sum of the envelope thickness and the maximum thickness of the optical element) of light transmissive material for the light emitted by the light source to pass is increased since the cylindrical portion may have an open end. Hence, light emitted forwardly may pass merely the envelope, while light emitted in lateral directions may pass both of the optical element and the envelope. The present embodiment is advantageous in that it enables having an increased variation in thickness, as the optical element may be released from the mold in direction away from the opening of the cylindrical optical element having the narrower thickness.
According to an embodiment, the at least one optical element may be shaped such that an outer surface of the optical element follows an inner surface of the envelope. For example, the optical element may be arranged adjacent (in close proximity) to the envelope. Thus, the outer shape of the optical element may match (or mate with) the inner shape of the portion of envelope facing the optical element. The present embodiment is advantageous in that the optical element is less visible from outside the envelope, as it may appear to be a part of the envelope.
According to an embodiment, the at least one optical element may comprise at least one prism-like shaped portion, such as a portion with a substantially triangular cross-section being tapered in a direction away from the base. For example, the optical element may comprise a cylindrical portion (as described above) having a substantially triangular cross-section, wherein the base of the triangular cross-section may be (directly or indirectly) coupled to the base. The cylindrical portion may then be referred to as having one or more prism-like shaped portions.
In an embodiment, the at least one optical element may comprise multiple portions having thicknesses increasing in direction towards the base and being arranged laterally beside the optical axis of the at least one light source so as to refract light emitted by the at least one light source for creating multiple virtual light sources spaced from the base. The present embodiment is advantageous in that it enables a higher degree of bending the light emitted by the light source, whereby the omnidirectional light spreading of the lighting device is improved. For example, the portions may be arranged beside each other in a radial direction of the lighting device. In the present specification, the radial direction may be the same as the lateral direction of the lighting device, such as any direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the lighting device. Hence, one portion with increasing thickness towards the base may be arranged outside the other. I.e., one such portion may be arranged between another portion with increasing thickness towards the base and the envelope. For example, the optical element may comprise several cylindrical portions having different diameters and being concentrically arranged. According to another example, the portions with increasing thickness towards the base may be arranged on top of each other in a direction along an optical axis of the at least one light source. For example, the optical element may comprise a cylindrical portion having circumferentially extending ridges. For example, the multiple portions of the optical element may be multiple prism-like shaped portions.
According to an embodiment, the envelope and/or the optical element may be made of plastic, which is a relatively cheap and robust material, whereby manufacturing costs can be reduced. The envelope and the optical element may be injection molded separate from each other, which allows less complicated injection molding techniques to be used. Alternatively, the envelope and/or the optical element may be made of glass.
According to an embodiment, the at least one light source may be a solid state based light source, such as a light emitting diode (LED). The Lambertian-like light emission pattern of the solid state based light source may be redirected into a more omnidirectional light emission pattern by means of the optical element.
According to an embodiment, the envelope may be transparent (i.e. clear), whereby the virtual light source will be more clearly visible. Alternatively, the envelope may be translucent (i.e. diffuse).
According to an embodiment, the envelope may have a dome-like (or bulb-like) shape, preferably enclosing the light source and the optical element.
According to an embodiment, an area in proximity to the at least one light source may be white, black and/or specularly reflective. Such an area may e.g. be an area of the base and/or an area of a circuit board to which the light source is coupled. Such an area may be visible by means of the light refracting effect provided by the optical element, in particular when the light source is off. With the present embodiment, such an area may be visually perceived as more neutral. In case the area is white or reflective, it is more visually fused with the light source in the virtual image created by the optical element. In case the area in proximity to the at least one light source is black, it has low reflectivity, which increases the contrast of the virtual light source with respect to its surroundings.
It is noted that embodiments of the invention relates to all possible combinations of features recited in the claims.
This and other aspects will now be described in more detail with reference to the appended drawings showing embodiments.
All the figures are schematic, not necessarily to scale, and generally only show parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the embodiments, wherein other parts may be omitted or merely suggested. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the description.
The present aspect will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which currently preferred embodiments are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided for thoroughness and completeness, and fully convey the scope of the present aspect to the skilled person.
A lighting device according to an embodiment will be described with reference to
The lighting device 100 may further comprise a heat sink 2 arranged to dissipate heat generated by the light source 1 and preferably also heat generated by the driver (not shown) for driving the light source 4. The heat sink 2 may be arranged at the base 5. In the present example, the base 5 forms a support surface for the light source 4 at the heat sink 2. The light source 4 may be coupled to a circuit board (not shown), such as a printed circuit board (PCB), which in turn may be coupled to the base 5. The area 9 of the base 5, and/or the circuit board, located in proximity to the light source 4, such as the area 9 within at least a few millimeters from the light source 4, may preferably be reflective. For example, a reflective layer, coating or element may be applied to the base 5 and/or the circuit board. Preferably, the area 9 may be specularly reflective. Alternatively, the area 9 may be white (i.e. diffusely reflective).
The lighting device 100 further comprises a light transmissive (such as translucent or transparent) optical element 7 separate from the envelope 6 and arranged to refract light emitted by the light source 4. The optical element 7 may be (directly or indirectly) coupled to the base 5 and may be arranged beside and/or to extend around the light source 4 so as to refract light emitted in lateral directions from the light source 4. The optical element 7 may have a portion having a cross-section with a thickness D (preferably continuously, but not necessarily linearly) increasing in direction towards the base 5. Hence, at least a portion of the optical element 7 having a thickness increasing towards the base 5 is located laterally beside an optical axis 10 of the light source 4. In the present example illustrated in
In the following, operation of the lighting device 100 will be described, still with reference to
Several different shapes of the optical element 7 having at least a portion with a thickness increasing towards the base 5 may be envisaged for providing the light refracting effect for creating the virtual light source 8, some of which will be described in the following. The lighting devices described in the following may be similarly configured as the lighting device described with reference to
According to another inventive concept, a lighting device is provided. An embodiment of the present inventive concept is shown in
With the present inventive concept, a first portion of the light emitted by the light source 84 may first be reflected by the semitransparent reflective element 87 and then refracted by the portion 81 of the envelope 86 with a thickness increasing towards the semi-reflective element 87 in a direction more towards the main forward emission direction of the lighting device 800. Further, a second portion of the light emitted by the light source 84 may first be transmitted by the semitransparent reflective element 87 and then refracted by the portion 81 of the envelope 86 with a thickness increasing towards the semi-reflective element 87 in a direction more towards the backward direction of the lighting device 8. Consequently, a virtual image may be created at the position 88 of the semitransparent reflective element 87. Hence, the portions 81 of the envelope 86 with a thickness increasing towards the semitransparent reflective element 87 (such as towards the attachment points of the semitransparent reflective element 87 to the envelope 86) may act as a lens arrangement having a focus at the position of the semitransparent reflective element 87 for creating a virtual image of the light source spaced from the light source 84, whereby the omnidirectional light spreading of the lighting device 8 is improved.
The light source 84 may be arranged inside the compartment 82 defined by the envelope 86. The semitransparent reflective element 87 may be arranged above the light source 84 so as to divide the compartment 82 into two sub-compartments located on top of each other. The envelope 86 may e.g. be bulb-shaped.
It will be appreciated that the semitransparent reflective element 87 may have at least a portion (preferably a major portion) being both reflective and light transmissive. For example, the semitransparent reflective element 87 may comprise a transparent substrate with a metallic (such as silver or aluminum) reflective layer applied thereon. The metallic layer may e.g. be sufficiently thin to admit some light. Alternatively or additionally, the metallic layer may be patterned, such as perforated, (i.e. comprise through holes) for admitting some of the light emitted by the light source 84. The pattern (or the perforations) may be sufficiently fine for reducing shadows. Alternatively, the envelope 86 may be diffuse so as to reduce shadows from the patter or perforations. According to another example, the semitransparent reflective element 87 may comprise grooves (preferably radially extending grooves) arranged to reflect some of the light by means of total internal reflection (TIR). Optionally, the portion of the semitransparent reflective element 87 located right above the light source 84 may be diffusely transmissive and diffusely reflective since this portion is positioned at the location of virtual light source.
The person skilled in the art realizes that the present invention by no means is limited to the preferred embodiments described above. On the contrary, many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the optical element may not necessarily be cylindrical or bulb-shaped, but may alternatively be divided into several separate parts arranged to refract light emitted by the light source for providing a virtual light source.
Additionally, variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measured cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14177754.0 | Jul 2014 | EP | regional |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15326915 | Jan 2017 | US |
| Child | 15967836 | US |
