Patent Application
20180154694
The present invention relates to a tire, and more particularly, to a radial passenger tire or a high performance tire having a three dimensional spacer component.
The pneumatic tire has been the solution of choice for vehicular mobility for over a century. Modern belted, radial carcass, pneumatic tires are remarkable products that provide an effective means for supporting applied loads while allowing reasonable vertical and lateral compliance. The pneumatic tire obtains its mechanical attributes largely due to the action of internal air pressure in the tire cavity. Reaction to the inflation pressure corrects rigidities to the belt and carcass components. Inflation pressure is then one of the most important design parameters for a pneumatic tire.
Good pressure maintenance is required to obtain the best performance from a pneumatic tire. Inflation pressure below that specified can result in a loss of fuel economy. Of primary importance is that a conventional pneumatic tire is capable of very limited use after a complete loss of inflation pressure. Many tire constructions have been proposed for continued mobility of a vehicle after a complete loss of air pressure from the tire. Commercially available runflat tire solutions are pneumatic tires having added sidewall reinforcements or fillers to permit the sidewalls to act in compression as load supporting members during deflated operation. This added reinforcement often results in the disadvantages of higher tire mass and reduced riding comfort. Other attempts to provide runflat capability utilize essentially annular reinforcing bands in the tire crown portion. In these solutions, the rigidity of the tread portion results partly from the inherent properties of the annular reinforcing band and partly from the reaction to inflation pressure. Still other solutions rely on secondary internal support structures attached to the wheel. These supports add mass to the mounted assembly and either increase mounting difficulty or may require the use of multiple piece rims. All of these approaches are hybrids of an otherwise pneumatic tire structure and suffer from design compromises that are optimal for neither the inflated nor deflated states. In addition, these runflat solutions require the use of some means to monitor tire inflation pressure and to inform the vehicle operator if the inflation pressure is outside the recommended limits.
A tire designed to operate without inflation pressure may eliminate many of the problems and compromises associated with a pneumatic tire. Neither pressure maintenance nor pressure monitoring is required. Structurally supported tires such as solid tires or other elastomeric structures to date have not provided the levels of performance required from a conventional pneumatic tire. A structurally supported tire solution that delivers pneumatic tire-like performance would be a desirous improvement.
A first tire in accordance with the present invention has an axis of rotation. The first tire includes a circular tread band, a circular hub for attachment to an axle, and a structure including a plurality of annular rings interconnecting the tread band and the hub and transferring a load from the tread band to the hub. A first group of rings are disposed axially adjacent each other and a second group of rings are concentric and disposed radially adjacent each other.
According to another aspect of the first tire, the rings of the plurality of rings include layers of fabric.
According to still another aspect of the first tire, the rings of the plurality of rings include reinforcement members of yarn, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric.
According to yet another aspect of the first tire, the rings of the plurality of rings include layers connected together by reinforcement members.
According to still another aspect of the first tire, the rings of the plurality of rings include knitted layers.
According to yet another aspect of the first tire, the rings of the plurality of rings include an “open” layer of individual pile fibers connecting a first layer of fabric and a second layer of fabric.
According to still another aspect of the first tire, the rings of the plurality of rings include a “closed” layer of fabric piles connecting a first layer and a second layer.
According to yet another aspect of the first tire, the plurality of rings are interconnected by annular bands.
According to still another aspect of the first tire, the annular bands are constructed rubber.
According to yet another aspect of the first tire, the annular bands are constructed of plastic.
According to still another aspect of the first tire, the annular bands are constructed of metal.
A second tire in accordance with the present invention has an axis of rotation. The second tire includes, the tire comprising:
a circular tread band;
a circular hub for attachment to an axle; and
A structure including a plurality of spokes interconnecting the tread band and the hub and transferring a load from the tread band to the hub, the structure having a group of radially extending spokes disposed axially adjacent each other.
According to another aspect of the second tire, the spokes include layers of twisted fabric.
According to still another aspect of the second tire, the spokes include reinforcement members of yarn, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric.
According to yet another aspect of the second tire, the spokes include layers connected together by reinforcement members.
According to still another aspect of the second tire, the spokes include knitted layers.
According to yet another aspect of the second tire, the spokes include an “open” layer of individual pile fibers connecting a first layer of fabric and a second layer of fabric.
According to still another aspect of the second tire, the spokes include a “closed” layer of fabric piles connecting a first layer and a second layer.
“Apex” or “bead filler apex” means an elastomeric filler located radially above the bead core and between the plies and the turnup plies.
“Axial” and “Axially” mean the lines or directions that are parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
“Bead” or “Bead Core” generally means that part of the tire comprising an annular tensile member of radially inner beads that are associated with holding the tire to the rim; the beads being wrapped by ply cords and shaped, with or without other reinforcement elements such as flippers, chippers, apexes or fillers, toe guards and chafers.
“Carcass” means the tire structure apart from the belt structure, tread, undertread over the plies, but including the beads.
“Casing” means the carcass, belt structure, beads, sidewalls and all other components of the tire excepting the tread and undertread, i.e., the whole tire.
“Chipper” refers to a narrow band of fabric or steel cords located in the bead area whose function is to reinforce the bead area and stabilize the radially inwardmost part of the sidewall.
“Circumferential” most often means circular lines or directions extending along the perimeter of the surface of the annular tread perpendicular to the axial direction; it can also refer to the direction of the sets of adjacent circular curves whose radii define the axial curvature of the tread, as viewed in cross section.
“Cord” means one of the reinforcement strands, including fibers, with which the plies and belts are reinforced.
“Equatorial Plane” means the plane perpendicular to the tire's axis of rotation and passing through the center of its tread; or the plane containing the circumferential centerline of the tread.
“Flipper” refers to a reinforcing fabric around the bead wire for strength and to tie the bead wire in the tire body.
“Gauge” refers generally to a measurement and specifically to thickness.
“Inner Liner” means the layer or layers of elastomer or other material that form the inside surface of a tubeless tire and that contain the inflating fluid within the tire.
“Knitted” meant a structure producible by interlocking a series of loops of one or more yarns by means of needles or wires, such as warp knits and weft knits.
“Lateral” means a direction parallel to the axial direction.
“Normal Load” means the specific design inflation pressure and load assigned by the appropriate standards organization for the service condition for the tire.
“Ply” means a cord-reinforced layer of rubber-coated radially deployed or otherwise parallel cords.
“Radial” and “radially” mean directions radially toward or away from the axis of rotation of the tire.
“Radial Ply Structure” means the one or more carcass plies or which at least one ply has reinforcing cords oriented at an angle of between 65° and 90° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire.
“Radial Ply Tire” means a belted or circumferentially-restricted pneumatic tire in which at least one ply has cords which extend from bead to bead are laid at cord angles between 65° and 90° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire.
“Section Height” means the radial distance from the nominal rim diameter to the outer diameter of the tire at its equatorial plane.
“Section Width” means the maximum linear distance parallel to the axis of the tire and between the exterior of its sidewalls when and after it has been inflated at normal pressure for 24 hours, but unloaded, excluding elevations of the sidewalls due to labeling, decoration or protective bands.
“Sidewall” means that portion of a tire between the tread and the bead.
“Three dimensional spacer structure” may mean a three dimensional structure composed from two outer layers of fabric, each outer layer of fabric having reinforcement members (such as yarns, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric) which extend in a first and a second direction, the two outer layers connected together by reinforcement members (yarns, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric) or other knitted layers extending in a defined third direction. An “open” three dimensional spacer structure is comprised of individual pile fibers or reinforcements connecting the first and the second layer of fabric. A “closed” three dimensional structure utilizes fabric piles that connect the first and the second layers.
“Toe guard” means a circumferentially deployed elastomeric rim-contacting portion of the tire axially inward of each bead.
“Tread band” means an annular structure that may include a shear band, a tread band, and/or a belt structure.
“Tread width” means the arc length of the tread surface in the plane includes the axis of rotation of the tire.
“Turnup end” means the portion of a carcass ply that turns upward (i.e., radially outward) from the beads about which the ply is wrapped.
“Woven” means a structure produced by multiple yarns crossing each other at right angles to form a grain, like a basket.
The structure, operation, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon contemplation of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Three dimensional fabric may provide large design freedom for different lightweight pneumatic and non-pneumatic tire components and designs. Three dimensional fabric may be tuned to yield varied mechanical, thermal, and/or electrical properties. Three dimensional fabric may further efficiently distribute stress from one direction to others directions.
These rings 120 may include layers of fabric. Some layers may have reinforcement members (such as yarns, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric) which extend in a first and a second direction. Other layers may be connected together by reinforcement members (yarns, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric) or other knitted layers extending in a defined third direction. An “open” layer may include individual pile fibers or reinforcements connecting a first and a second layer of fabric. A “closed” layer may include fabric piles connecting a first layer and a second layer.
These rings 320 may include layers of fabric. Some layers may have reinforcement members (such as yarns, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric) which extend in a first and a second direction. Other layers may be connected together by reinforcement members (yarns, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric) or other knitted layers extending in a defined third direction. An “open” layer may include individual pile fibers or reinforcements connecting a first and a second layer of fabric. A “closed” layer may include fabric piles connecting a first layer and a second layer.
The rings 120, 320 and spokes 620 may include layers of fabric. Some layers may have reinforcement members (such as yarns, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric) which extend in a first and a second direction. Other layers may be connected together by reinforcement members (yarns, filaments, fibers, and/or fabric) or other knitted layers extending in a defined third direction. An “open” layer may include individual pile fibers or reinforcements connecting a first and a second layer of fabric. A “closed” layer may include fabric piles connecting a first layer and a second layer.
The hub 115, 315, 615 may be metal, polymer and/or carbon material. Each ring 120, 320 and/or spoke 620 may be coated/dipped in a dedicated solution for increasing rigidity and strength. Successive concentric rings 120, 320 of decreasing radius may be joined together by a flexible polymer adhesive layer with or without radial reinforcement.
The fabric may be constructed of polyester-terephthalate (polyethylene-terehthalate), high performance fibers, etc. These fibers may be constructed as a single component, from such materials as nylon fiber, rayon fiber, polyester fiber, carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, and/or other suitable high performance fibers or of multi component fibers consisting of a combination of these materials. The light weight and enhanced mechanical properties of these fibers may allow for many design improvements effecting cost, weight, rolling resistance, etc. Thickness of deck layers (e.g., shear bands of a non-pneumatic tire), roll width, density, and height of vertical piles may be adjusted to meet various tire requirements. The cells between two deck layers may be filled with light weight material, wires, tubes, foam, sealant material, sensors, etc.
The materials and material properties of textile reinforced composite structures 120, 320, 620 may be specially customized for particular load situations by modifying the fiber material and/or architecture. For example, one five centimeter cube 400 of a three dimensional fabric may weigh only 6.5 grams (
Variations in the present invention are possible in light of the description of it provided herein. While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the subject invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the subject invention. It is, therefore, to be understood that changes can be made in the particular embodiments described which will be within the full intended scope of the invention as defined by the following appended claims.
