Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to switching power supplies and radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers, both of which may be used in RF communication systems.
As wireless communications technologies evolve, wireless communications systems become increasingly sophisticated. As such, wireless communications protocols continue to expand and change to take advantage of the technological evolution. As a result, to maximize flexibility, many wireless communications devices must be capable of supporting any number of wireless communications protocols, each of which may have certain performance requirements, such as specific out-of-band emissions requirements, linearity requirements, or the like. Further, portable wireless communications devices are typically battery powered and need to be relatively small, and have low cost. As such, to minimize size, cost, and power consumption, RF circuitry in such a device needs to be as simple, small, and efficient as is practical. Thus, there is a need for RF circuitry in a communications device that is low cost, small, simple, and efficient.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to circuitry, which includes a linear amplifier and a linear amplifier power supply. The linear amplifier at least partially provides an envelope power supply signal to a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) using a selected one of a group of linear amplifier supply voltages. The linear amplifier power supply provides at least one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages. Selection of the selected one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages is based on a desired voltage of the envelope power supply signal.
In one embodiment of the circuitry, the RF PA receives and amplifies an RF input signal to provide an RF transmit signal using the envelope power supply signal, which provides power for amplification. In one embodiment of the RF input signal, the RF input signal is amplitude modulated. As such, the RF transmit signal is also amplitude modulated. Since the amplitude of the RF transmit signal is modulated, the amplitude of the RF transmit signal traverses within an envelope of the RF transmit signal. For proper operation of the RF PA, a voltage of the envelope power supply signal must be high enough to accommodate the envelope of the RF transmit signal. However, to increase efficiency in the RF PA, the voltage of the envelope power supply signal may at least partially track the envelope of the RF transmit signal. This tracking by the voltage of the envelope power supply signal is called envelope tracking.
A difference between the selected one of a group of linear amplifier supply voltages and the voltage of the envelope power supply signal is manifested as a voltage drop in the linear amplifier. To increase efficiency in the linear amplifier, the voltage drop in the linear amplifier may be reduced. In this regard, in one embodiment of the linear amplifier power supply, the selection of the selected one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages is further based on reducing the voltage drop in the linear amplifier.
In one embodiment of the circuitry, a DC power source, such as a battery, provides one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages and the linear amplifier power supply provides a balance of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages. As such, during envelope tracking, the selected one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages may toggle between a voltage provided by the DC power source and a voltage provided by the linear amplifier power supply.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description in association with the accompanying drawings.
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure and illustrate the best mode of practicing the disclosure. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
In one embodiment of the RF communications system 10, the RF front-end circuitry 16 receives via the RF antenna 18, processes, and forwards an RF receive signal RFR to the RF system control circuitry 14. The RF system control circuitry 14 provides an envelope power supply control signal VRMP and a transmitter configuration signal PACS to the transmitter control circuitry 22. The RF system control circuitry 14 provides an RF input signal RFI to the RF PA 24. The DC power source 20 provides a DC source signal VDC to the envelope tracking power supply 26. In one embodiment of the DC power source 20, the DC power source 20 is a battery.
The transmitter control circuitry 22 is coupled to the envelope tracking power supply 26 and to the PA bias circuitry 28. The envelope tracking power supply 26 provides an envelope power supply signal EPS to the RF PA 24 based on the envelope power supply control signal VRMP. The DC source signal VDC provides power to the envelope tracking power supply 26. As such, the envelope power supply signal EPS is based on the DC source signal VDC. The envelope power supply control signal VRMP is representative of a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS. The RF PA 24 receives and amplifies the RF input signal RFI to provide an RF transmit signal RFT using the envelope power supply signal EPS. The envelope power supply signal EPS provides power for amplification. The RF front-end circuitry 16 receives, processes, and transmits the RF transmit signal RFT via the RF antenna 18. In one embodiment of the RF transmitter circuitry 12, the transmitter control circuitry 22 configures the RF transmitter circuitry 12 based on the transmitter configuration signal PACS.
The PA bias circuitry 28 provides a PA bias signal PAB to the RF PA 24. In this regard, the PA bias circuitry 28 biases the RF PA 24 via the PA bias signal PAB. In one embodiment of the PA bias circuitry 28, the PA bias circuitry 28 biases the RF PA 24 based on the transmitter configuration signal PACS. In one embodiment of the RF front-end circuitry 16, the RF front-end circuitry 16 includes at least one RF switch, at least one RF amplifier, at least one RF filter, at least one RF duplexer, at least one RF diplexer, at least one RF amplifier, the like, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment of the RF system control circuitry 14, the RF system control circuitry 14 is RF transceiver circuitry, which may include an RF transceiver IC, baseband controller circuitry, the like, or any combination thereof.
Since the envelope power supply control signal VRMP is representative of the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS, the power supply control circuitry 34 controls the linear amplifier 36 and the switching supply 38 based on the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS. The linear amplifier 36 and the switching supply 38 provide the envelope power supply signal EPS, such that the linear amplifier 36 partially provides the envelope power supply signal EPS and the switching supply 38 partially provides the envelope power supply signal EPS. The switching supply 38 may provide power more efficiently than the linear amplifier 36. However, the linear amplifier 36 may provide the envelope power supply signal EPS more accurately than the switching supply 38. As such, the linear amplifier 36 regulates a voltage of the envelope power supply signal EPS based on the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS, and the switching supply 38 operates to drive an output current from the linear amplifier 36 toward zero to maximize efficiency. In this regard, the linear amplifier 36 behaves like a voltage source and the switching supply 38 behaves like a current source.
As previously mentioned, in one embodiment of the RF communications system 10, the RF PA 24 receives and amplifies the RF input signal RFI to provide the RF transmit signal RFT using the envelope power supply signal EPS, which provides power for amplification. In one embodiment of the RF input signal RFI, the RF input signal RFI is amplitude modulated. As such, the RF transmit signal RFT is also amplitude modulated. Since the amplitude of the RF transmit signal RFT is modulated, the amplitude of the RF transmit signal RFT traverses within an envelope of the RF transmit signal RFT. For proper operation of the RF PA 24, a voltage of the envelope power supply signal EPS must be high enough to accommodate the envelope of the RF transmit signal RFT. However, to increase efficiency in the RF PA 24, the voltage of the envelope power supply signal EPS may at least partially track the envelope of the RF transmit signal RFT. This tracking by the voltage of the envelope power supply signal EPS is called envelope tracking.
In this regard, since the envelope power supply control signal VRMP is representative of the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS, the envelope power supply control signal VRMP may be received and amplitude modulated to provide at least partial envelope tracking of the RF transmit signal RFT by causing the envelope power supply signal EPS to be amplitude modulated. In one embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP, a bandwidth of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP is greater than about 10 megahertz. In an alternate embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP, the bandwidth of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP is less than about 10 megahertz.
The linear amplifier 36, the switching supply 38, and the linear amplifier power supply 40 receive the DC source signal VDC. The power supply control circuitry 34 provides a linear amplifier power supply select signal LPSS to the linear amplifier power supply 40 and provides a first power source select signal PSS1 to the linear amplifier 36. The linear amplifier power supply 40 provides a linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS to the linear amplifier 36.
The linear amplifier 36 at least partially provides the envelope power supply signal EPS to the RF PA 24 (
A difference between the selected one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages and the voltage of the envelope power supply signal EPS is manifested as a voltage drop in the linear amplifier 36. To increase efficiency in the linear amplifier 36, the voltage drop in the linear amplifier 36 may be reduced. In this regard, in one embodiment of the linear amplifier power supply 40, the selection of the selected one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages is further based on reducing the voltage drop in the linear amplifier 36. However, the selected one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages must provide a large enough voltage of the envelope power supply signal EPS to ensure that the linear amplifier 36 has sufficient operating headroom to function properly.
In one embodiment of the envelope tracking power supply 26, the DC power source 20 (
The power supply control circuitry 34 selects one of the balance of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages and provides a linear amplifier power supply select signal LPSS to the linear amplifier power supply 40, such that the linear amplifier power supply select signal LPSS is indicative of the selection of the one of the balance of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages. The linear amplifier 36 receives the linear amplifier power supply select signal LPSS and provides the one of the balance of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages via the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS based on the linear amplifier power supply select signal LPSS. Further, the power supply control circuitry 34 provides the first power source select signal PSS1 and the linear amplifier power supply select signal LPSS, such that the first power source select signal PSS1 and the linear amplifier power supply select signal LPSS are based on the envelope power supply control signal VRMP. The first power source select signal PSS1 may be delayed relative to receipt of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP to compensate for processing delays of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP.
In one embodiment of the linear amplifier power supply 40, during envelope tracking, the linear amplifier power supply 40 cannot change the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS fast enough to follow the envelope of the envelope power supply signal EPS. Therefore, the selected one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages may toggle between the voltage provided by the DC power source 20 (
During operation, the linear amplifier offset capacitive element CA may have an offset voltage. This offset voltage may allow the linear amplifier 36 to function properly even if a voltage of the envelope power supply signal EPS is greater than a voltage of the DC source signal VDC or greater than a voltage of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS. In an alternate embodiment of the envelope tracking power supply 26, the linear amplifier offset capacitive element CA is omitted. In one embodiment of the envelope tracking power supply 26, the switching supply 34 operates to drive an output current from the linear amplifier 36 toward zero to maximize efficiency.
The first PFET circuitry 42 receives the DC source signal VDC and the second PFET circuitry 44 receives the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS. As such, when the first PFET circuitry 42 is enabled, the DC source signal VDC provides power to the final output stage. When the second PFET circuitry 44 is enabled, the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS provides power to the final output stage. In one embodiment of the first power source select signal PSS1, the first power source select signal PSS1 is a two-bit signal, such that each of the first PFET circuitry 42 and the second PFET circuitry 44 receives a corresponding bit for selection.
In one embodiment of the linear amplifier 36, when the linear amplifier 36 transitions between disabling the first PFET circuitry 42 and enabling the second PFET circuitry 44 or transitions between disabling the second PFET circuitry 44 and enabling the first PFET circuitry 42, such transitioning is delayed until the NFET circuitry 46 is in an ON state. In general, one of the first PFET circuitry 42 and the second PFET circuitry 44 is enabled. The linear amplifier 36 disables the one of the first PFET circuitry 42 and the second PFET circuitry 44 and enables an opposite of the first PFET circuitry 42 and the second PFET circuitry 44 when the NFET circuitry 46 is in an ON state, such that both the first PFET circuitry 42 and the second PFET circuitry 44 are in an OFF state.
The ripple cancellation circuitry 50 receives the DC source signal VDC. The power supply control circuitry 34 provides a second power source select signal PSS2 to the ripple cancellation circuitry 50. The linear amplifier power supply 40 provides the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS to the ripple cancellation circuitry 50. The ripple cancellation circuitry 50 at least partially cancels ripple current associated with at least one inductive element (not shown) in the switching supply 38 using one of the DC source signal VDC and the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS. The ripple cancellation circuitry 50 receives the second power source select signal PSS2, such that selection between using the one of the DC source signal VDC and the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS is based on the second power source select signal PSS2. The second power source select signal PSS2 may be based on a maximum amplitude of the envelope power supply signal EPS.
During operation, the ripple circuit offset capacitive element CR may have an offset voltage. This offset voltage may allow the ripple cancellation circuitry 50 to function properly even if a voltage of the envelope power supply signal EPS is greater than a voltage of the DC source signal VDC or greater than a voltage of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS. In an alternate embodiment of the envelope tracking power supply 26, the ripple circuit offset capacitive element CR is omitted.
In one embodiment of the envelope tracking power supply 26, the switching supply 38 operates to drive an output current from the ripple cancellation circuitry 50 toward zero to maximize efficiency. In an alternate embodiment of the envelope tracking power supply 26, the switching supply 38 operates to drive the output current from the linear amplifier 36 toward zero and to drive the output current from the ripple cancellation circuitry 50 toward zero to maximize efficiency.
The DC power source 20 (
In one embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is always less than the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS. As such, the one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages is less than each of the balance of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages. In an alternate embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is always greater than the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS. As such, the one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages is greater than each of the balance of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages. In an additional embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is sometimes less than the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS and is sometimes greater than the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS. As such, the one of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages is less than at least one of the balance of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages and is greater than at least one of the balance of the group of linear amplifier supply voltages. In another embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is about equal to the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS
In a first exemplary embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, a ratio of a voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS divided by a voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is equal to about one.
In a second exemplary embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the ratio of the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS divided by the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is equal to about four-thirds.
In a third exemplary embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the ratio of the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS divided by the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is equal to about three-halves.
In a fourth exemplary embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the ratio of the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS divided by the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is equal to about one-fourth.
In a fifth exemplary embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the ratio of the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS divided by the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is equal to about one-third.
In a sixth exemplary embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the ratio of the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS divided by the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is equal to about one-half.
In a seventh exemplary embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the ratio of the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS divided by the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is equal to about two-thirds.
In an eighth exemplary embodiment of the capacitor-based charge pump 52, the ratio of the voltage magnitude of the linear amplifier power supply output signal LPS divided by the voltage magnitude of the DC source signal VDC is equal to about three-fourths.
Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/565,751, filed Dec. 1, 2011, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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20130141169 A1 | Jun 2013 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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61565751 | Dec 2011 | US |