Solar energy collector systems of the type referred to as Linear Fresnel Reflector (“LFR”) systems are relatively well known and are constituted by a field of linear reflectors that are arrayed in parallel side-by-side rows and are oriented to reflect incident solar radiation to a common elevated receiver. The receiver is illuminated by the reflected radiation, for energy exchange, and the receiver typically extends parallel to the rows of reflectors. Also, the receiver normally (but not necessarily) is positioned between two adjacent fields of reflectors; and n spaced-apart receivers may be illuminated by reflections from (n+1) or, alternatively, (n−1) reflector fields, in some circumstances with any one receiver being illuminated by reflected radiation from two adjacent reflector fields.
In most known LFR system implementations the receiver or receivers and the respective rows of reflectors are positioned to extend linearly in a north-south direction, with the reflector fields symmetrically disposed around the receivers and the reflectors pivotally mounted and driven through an angle approaching 90° to track east-west motion (i.e., apparent motion) of the sun during successive diurnal periods. This configuration requires that adjacent rows of reflectors be spaced-apart in order to avoid shading or blocking of one reflector by another and, thus, in order to optimise reflection of incident radiation. This limits ground utilization to approximately 70% and diminishes system performance due to exacerbated spillage at the receiver of radiation from distant reflectors.
As an alternative approach, a 1979 project design study (Ref Di Canio et al; Final Report 1977-79 DOE/ET/20426-1) proposed an east-west-extending LFR system. LFR systems having north-south orientations have typically been expected to outperform LFR systems having east-west orientations at most latitudes, however.
Disclosed herein are examples and variations of solar energy collector systems comprising an elevated linear receiver and first and second reflector fields located on opposite sides of, and arranged and driven to reflect solar radiation to, the receiver. Also disclosed herein are examples and variations of receivers and reflectors that may, in some variations, be utilized in the disclosed solar energy collector systems.
In a first aspect, a solar energy collector system comprises an elevated linear receiver extending generally in an east-west direction, a polar reflector field located on the polar side of the receiver, and an equatorial reflector field located on the equatorial side of the receiver. Each reflector field comprises reflectors positioned in one or more parallel side-by-side rows which extend generally in the east-west direction. The reflectors in each field are arranged to reflect incident solar radiation to the receiver during diurnal east-west motion of the sun and pivotally driven to maintain reflection of the incident solar radiation to the receiver during cyclic diurnal north-south motion of the sun. The polar reflector field comprises more reflector rows than the equatorial reflector field.
In a second aspect, another solar energy collector system comprises an elevated linear receiver extending generally in an east-west direction, a polar reflector field located on the polar side of the receiver, and an equatorial reflector field located on the equatorial side of the receiver. Each reflector field comprises reflectors positioned in one or more parallel side-by-side rows which extend generally in the east-west direction. The reflectors in each field are arranged to reflect incident solar radiation to the receiver during diurnal east-west motion of the sun and pivotally driven to maintain reflection of the incident solar radiation to the receiver during cyclic diurnal north-south motion of the sun. The reflectors in one or more outer rows of the equatorial reflector field have focal lengths greater than their respective distances to a solar radiation absorber in the receiver.
In a third aspect, another solar energy collector system comprises an elevated linear receiver extending generally in an east-west direction, a polar reflector field located on the polar side of the receiver, and an equatorial reflector field located on the equatorial side of the receiver. Each reflector field comprises reflectors positioned in one or more parallel side-by-side rows which extend generally in the east-west direction. The reflectors in each field are arranged to reflect incident solar radiation to the receiver during diurnal east-west motion of the sun and pivotally driven to maintain reflection of the incident solar radiation to the receiver during cyclic diurnal north-south motion of the sun. The receiver is tilted in the direction of the polar reflector field.
In a fourth aspect, a solar energy collector system comprises an elevated linear receiver comprising a solar radiation absorber and a window substantially transparent to solar radiation, and first and second reflector fields located on opposite sides of the receiver. Each reflector field comprises reflectors positioned in one or more parallel side-by-side rows which extend generally parallel to the receiver. The reflectors in each field are arranged and driven to maintain reflection of incident solar radiation to the absorber through the window during diurnal motion of the sun. The window comprises an anti-reflection coating having a maximum transmission of solar radiation at an angle of incidence differing from perpendicular incidence and selected to maximize an annualized solar radiation collection efficiency of the solar energy collector system.
These and other embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art when taken with reference to the following more detailed description of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that are first briefly described.
The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings, in which identical reference numbers refer to like elements throughout the different figures. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict selective embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The detailed description illustrates by way of example, not by way of limitation, the principles of the invention. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives and uses of the invention, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the invention.
In addition, it must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Also, the term “parallel” is intended to mean “substantially parallel” and to encompass minor deviations from parallel geometries rather than to require that parallel rows of reflectors, for example, or any other parallel arrangements described herein be exactly parallel. The phrase “generally in an east-west direction” as used herein is meant to indicate a direction orthogonal to the earth's rotation axis within a tolerance of +/−45° . For example, in referring to a row of reflectors extending generally in an east-west direction, it is meant that the reflector row lies orthogonal to the earth's rotation axis within a tolerance of +/−45°.
Disclosed herein are examples and variations of asymmetric east-west LFR solar arrays, receivers for receiving and capturing solar radiation collected by LFR solar arrays, and reflectors that may be used in LFR solar arrays. For convenience and clarity, asymmetric east-west LFR arrays, receivers, and reflectors are described in detail below in three separately labelled sections. This organization of the detailed description is not meant to be limiting, however. Any suitable receiver or reflector, disclosed herein, known to one of ordinary skill in the art, or later developed, may be used in the asymmetric arrays disclosed herein. Further, receivers and reflectors disclosed herein may be used, where suitable, in other east-west LFR solar arrays known to one of ordinary skill in the art or later developed, as well as in north-south LFR solar arrays known to one of ordinary skill in the art or later developed.
Asymmetric East-West LFR Arrays
An LFR solar array in which a receiver and rows of reflectors that are oriented generally in an east-west direction may have an asymmetric configuration as a result, for example, of asymmetric (i.e., differing) numbers of rows of reflectors on the polar and equatorial sides of the receiver and/or as a result of asymmetric spacing between rows on opposite sides of the receiver. As explained below, in some variations such asymmetries may improve the performance of the asymmetric east-west array compared to symmetric east-west LFR arrays or to north-south LFR arrays. Asymmetric numbers of rows, asymmetric row spacing, and examples of asymmetric east-west LFR configuration are described next in three subsections.
Asymmetric Numbers of Rows
Referring to
The reflectors in fields 10P and 10E are arranged and positioned to reflect incident solar radiation (e.g., ray 13) to the receiver 5 during diurnal east-west motion of the sun in the direction indicated by arrow 20 (
The inventors have discovered that in some cases the best annualized solar radiation collection efficiency for an east-west LFR array having a total number of substantially identical reflector rows M+N occurs for configurations in which the total number of rows M in the polar field 10P is greater than the total number of rows N in the equatorial field 10E. The inventors presently believe that this occurs because the reflectors in the polar field 10P can in some cases provide a significantly greater effective reflector area and produce better focused images at the receiver than do reflectors in the equatorial field 10E placed at similar (or even at shorter) distances from the receiver.
Referring to
The diurnal sun moves through an angle less than 90° in the north-south direction, as compared with an angle approaching 180° in the east-west direction. Hence, in contrast to north-south LFR arrays, the total pivotal movement imparted to each reflector in reflector fields 10P and 10E (
Improvements in collection efficiency resulting from putting more of a total number of rows of reflectors on the polar rather than on the equatorial side of a receiver in an east-west LFR array may be offset, to some extent, by the resulting increase in the number of reflectors at longer distances from the receiver and by the possibility of closely spacing equatorial rows (described below in the asymmetric spacing section). As the distance between a reflector and the receiver increases, the required focal length for the reflector and thus the size of the focused image at the receiver also increases. This can reduce collection efficiency if the focused spot is bigger than the receiver, for example. In addition, the angle of incidence on a horizontally oriented receiver surface (e.g., a transparent window) made by rays of light reflected by one of the reflectors to the receiver increases as the distance between the reflector and the receiver increases. This can increase the loss of collected light due to reflection at the receiver. Consequently, the optimal number of rows of reflectors in the equatorial field is typically, though not necessarily, greater than zero.
Improvements in collection efficiency resulting from putting more of a total number of rows of reflectors on the polar rather than on the equatorial side of a receiver in an east-west LFR array may also be affected by the height at which the receiver is positioned, the orientation (tilt) of the receiver from horizontal, and the latitude (angular distance north or south from the equator) at which the array is located. Generally, the resulting improvements in collection efficiency are expected to increase with latitude and to be more pronounced for shorter than for taller receivers. Collection efficiency can be further increased by tilting the receiver by an angle φ (
Asymmetric Row Spacings
Referring again to
This permits closer spacing of the equatorial rows than of the polar rows and thus results in a reduction in the total field area relative to that required for an array in which reflector rows are arranged with symmetric spacing around a receiver, as in typical north-south LFR systems. Also, because of the close-to-horizontal disposition of the reflectors in the equatorial field 10E and the close-packing of reflector rows that it permits, equatorial rows of reflectors can be located closer to the receiver than corresponding rows in a north-south LFR array or than corresponding rows in the polar field 10P, thus decreasing focused image size and reducing radiation spillage at the receiver. The inventors have discovered that these effects can be exploited to increase annualized solar radiation collection efficiency in an east-west LFR solar array by asymmetrically spacing the rows of reflectors on opposite sides of the receiver.
Rows on opposite side of the receiver may in some variations be advantageously asymmetrically spaced, for example, by maintaining constant polar row spacings 15Px,x+1 and constant equatorial 15Ex,x+, with 15Px,x+1>15Ex,x+1; by maintaining a constant equatorial spacing 15Ex,x+1 that is smaller than all polar spacings 15Px,x+1, with polar spacings 15Px,x+1 increasing with distance from the receiver; or by having polar 15Px,x+1 and equatorial row spacings 15Ex,x+1, each increase with distance from the receiver with equatorial row spacings 15Ex,x+1, smaller than corresponding (i.e., between corresponding row numbers) polar rows spacings 15Px,x+1. More generally, asymmetric row spacing as used herein is intended to include all variations in which some or all corresponding rows on opposite sides of a receiver are not symmetrically spaced. Asymmetric spacing may, in some variations, result in some or all of the equatorial rows being positioned closer to the receiver than corresponding polar rows.
Improvements in collection efficiency resulting from asymmetrically spacing the rows of reflectors on opposite sides of the receiver may be affected by the height at which the receiver is positioned, the orientation (tilt) of the receiver from horizontal, and the latitude (angular distance north or south from the equator) at which the array is located. Generally, the resulting improvements in collection efficiency are expected to increase with latitude and to be more pronounced for shorter than for taller receivers.
The east-west LFR arrays disclosed herein in which reflector rows on opposite sides of a receiver are asymmetrically spaced as described above may, in some variations, achieve reflector to ground area ratios greater than about 70%, greater than about 75%, or greater than about 80%.
Asymmetric row spacing is further described in International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/AU2007/001232, titled “Energy Collection System Having East-West Extending Linear Reflectors,” filed 27 Aug. 2007, assigned to Solar Heat and Power Pty Ltd., for which David Mills and Peter Le Lievre are inventors; incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Example Array Configurations
Referring now to
A complete LFR system might occupy a ground area of, for example, about 5×10 m2 to about 25×106 m2. The system as illustrated in
Reflectors 12a may be any suitable reflector described herein (e.g., below in the reflectors section), known to one or ordinary skill in the art, or later developed. Suitable reflectors may include, for example, those disclosed in International Patent Applications numbered PCT/AU2004/000883 and PCT/AU2004/000884, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Suitable reflectors may have, for example, circular or parabolic cross sections providing approximately a line focus, and may have focal lengths of, for example, about 10 to about 25 meters (i.e., radii of curvature of about 20 meters to about 50 meters for reflectors with circular cross section). In some variations, the focal length of a reflector approximately matches the distance from the reflector to the receiver. In other variations, the focal length of a reflector is about 5% to about 20%, or from about 5% to about 15%, or from about 10% to about 15% greater than the distance from the reflector to the receiver. The inventors have discovered that the solar radiation collection efficiency of an east-west LFR solar array can be improved by using reflectors having such focal lengths greater than the distance to the receiver, particularly for the equatorial rows farthest from the receiver. The collection efficiency of outer equatorial rows may be improved in this manner by, for example more than 5%.
Reflectors 12a may have, for example, lengths of about 10 meters to about 20 meters and widths of about 1 meter to about 3 meters. Any suitable reflector dimensions may be used, however. In one variation, reflectors 12a have lengths of about 12 meters and widths of about 2 meters. In another variation, reflectors 12a have lengths of about 16 meters and widths of about 2 meters.
Each row 12P, 12E of reflectors and each receiver 5 may have, for example, an overall length of about 200 to about 600 meters. Any suitable row and/or receiver length may be used, however. In some variations, groups of adjacent reflectors in a row are interconnected to form row segments driven collectively by one or more motors. Such a row segment may comprise, for example, 2, 4, 6, or any suitable number of reflectors.
Receivers 5 may be any suitable receiver described herein (e.g., below in the receiver section), known to one or ordinary skill in the art, or later developed. Suitable receivers may include, for example, those disclosed in International Patent Application numbered PCT/AU2005/000208, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Receivers 5 may be, for example photovoltaic receivers which absorb incident solar radiation and convert it to electricity, or thermal receivers which absorb incident solar radiation to heat a working or heat exchange fluid passing through the receiver. Receivers 5 may have a horizontal orientation (e.g., a horizontally oriented aperture and/ or absorber) as shown in
Receivers 5 may optionally be formed from interconnected receiver structures 5a as shown, for example, in
Receivers 5 might typically be spaced apart by 20 to 35 meters, for example, but any suitable receiver spacing may be used. The receivers may be supported, for example, with their absorbers positioned at a height of about 10 meters to about 20 meters above the reflectors by, for example, stanchions 22 as shown in
Although the example array depicted in
Although the rows of reflectors in the example array depicted in
As noted above, in some variations tilting the receiver toward the polar reflector field further increases solar radiation collection efficiency. In some variations, the receiver is tilted toward the polar field at, for example, an angle to the horizontal of about 5° to about 35° , of about 10° to about 30° , of about 15° to about 35° , or about 15° to about 20°.
As noted above, the optimal distribution of reflector rows between equatorial and polar reflector fields may vary with latitude and other factors. Hence, the tilted receiver examples just described are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting.
Receivers
The receivers 5 and receiver structures 5a and 5b described in this section may, in some variations, be suitable for use in the east-west LFR solar arrays disclosed herein, in east-west and/or north-south LFR solar arrays known to one of ordinary skill in the art, and/or in east-west or north-south LFR solar arrays later developed.
Referring to
In the illustrated variation, the void between the trough 24 and the roof 30 is filled with a thermal insulating material 32, typically a glass wool material, and desirably with an insulating material that is clad with a reflective metal layer. The function of the insulating material and the reflective metal layer is to inhibit upward conduction and radiation of heat from within the trough. Other forms and configurations of insulation may be used, however.
A longitudinally extending window 25 is provided to interconnect the side walls 27 of the trough. The window is formed from a sheet of material that is substantially transparent to solar radiation and it functions to define a closed (heat retaining) longitudinally extending cavity 33 within the trough. Window 25 may be formed from glass, for example. Although window 25 is depicted in
In the receiver structure as illustrated in
The actual ratio of the absorber tube diameter to the trough aperture dimension may be varied to meet system requirements but, in order to indicate an order of magnitude of the ratio, it might typically be within the range of about 0.01:1.00 to about 0.1:1.00. Each absorber tube 34 might have an outside diameter of about 25 millimeters to about 160 millimeters, for example. In one variation, the absorber tubes have outside diameters of about 33 mm. In another variation the absorber tubes have outside diameters of about 60 mm.
With the above described arrangement the plurality of absorber tubes 34 may effectively simulate a flat plate absorber, as compared with a single-tube collector in a concentrating trough. This provides for increased operating efficiency, in terms of a reduced level of heat emission from the upper, non-illuminated circumferential portion of the absorber tubes. Moreover, by positioning the absorber tubes in the inverted trough in the manner described, the underside portion only of each of the absorber tubes is illuminated with incident radiation, this providing for efficient heat absorption in absorber tubes that carry steam above water.
In the illustrated variation, the absorber tubes 34 are freely supported by a series of parallel support tubes 35 which extend orthogonally between side walls 36 of the channel portion 26 of the inverted trough, and the support tubes 35 may be carried for rotational movement by spigots 37. This arrangement accommodates expansion of the absorber tubes and relative expansion of the individual tubes. Disk-shaped spacers 38 are carried by the support tubes 35 and serve to maintain the absorber tubes 34 in spaced relationship. Other arrangements for supporting the absorber tubes in the inverted trough may also be used.
In some variations, each of the absorber tubes 34 may be coated with a solar absorptive coating. The coating may comprise, for example, a solar spectrally selective surface coating that remains stable under high temperature conditions in ambient air or, for example, a black paint that is stable in air under high-temperature conditions. In some variations, the solar spectrally selective coating is a coating disclosed in U.S. Pat Nos. 6,632,542 or 6,783,653, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
In one variation, receiver structure 5a has a length of about 12 meters and an overall width of about 1.4 meters. In other variations the length may be, for example, about 10 meters to about 20 meters and the width may be, for example, about 1 meter to about 3 meters.
Referring now to
The void between trough 24 and outer shell 68 may be filled with a thermal insulating material 32, which may be the same or similar materials as described above with respect to receiver structure 5a and which provide the functions there described.
A longitudinally extending window 25 is supported by slot 70 and ledge 72 to interconnect the side walls 27 of trough 24 and form a closed, heat retaining cavity 33 within the trough. Window 25 may be formed from glass, for example. Slot 70 and ledge 72 define the transverse width of the aperture through which solar radiation incident from the reflectors of an LFR array may enter trough 24.
Dust that enters cavity 33 with unfiltered inflowing air might settle on window 25 and reduce its transparency to solar radiation. To reduce this risk, in some variations a gasket material, such as a fiber glass rope, for example is placed between slot 70 and window 25 and between ledge 72 and window 25 to improve the window seal and thereby reduce influx of air and dust into the trough around edges of the window. Alternatively or in addition, an optional laminar flow air tube 74 may provide a laminar flow of air across the inside of window 25 to keep it free of dust without creating significant convective air currents in cavity 33 that might increase loss of heat from cavity 33. Also, vents may be provided in outer shell 66 or in end caps (not shown) of receiver structure 5b to provide a relatively low resistance air flow path from outside of receiver structure 5b to cavity 33 through a material (e.g., insulating material 32) that filters dust from air flowing into cavity 33. Such a low resistance path may suppress flow of unfiltered air through other openings into cavity 33.
Referring now particularly to
Similarly to receiver structure 5a, longitudinally extending (e.g., stainless steel or carbon steel) absorber tubes 34 are provided for carrying a working or heat exchange fluid to be heated by absorbed solar radiation. Absorber tubes 34 may be freely supported in trough 24 by a rolling support tube 35 to accommodate expansion of the absorber tubes during use. Other arrangements for supporting the absorber tubes may also be used. The diameter of the absorber tubes and the ratio of their diameter to the trough aperture may be, for example, as described above with respect receiver structure 5a. Absorber tubes 34 may be coated with solar spectrally selective coatings as described above, for example.
Two or more receiver structures 5b may be aligned and coupled end to end using, for example, flanges 76 to form an extended receiver structure 5 which is then utilized as described above. Gaskets may be provided between the joined receiver structures 5b to reduce influx of air and associated dust at the joint. In some variations, receiver structures 5b (or 5a) are joined into groups of (e.g., 3) receiver structures, and the groups are then joined to each other to form an extended receiver 5 using flexible couplings between absorber tubes in adjacent groups. Such an arrangement may accommodate thermal expansion of the absorber tubes during use.
Referring again to
The asymmetric aperture illustrated in
Referring now to
Referring again to
In some variations fluid flow through absorber tubes 34 in reflector structure 5a or 5b may be in parallel unidirectional streams. Other flow arrangements may also be used, however.
Under the controlled condition illustrated in
Alternative fluid flow conditions may be established to meet load demands and/or prevailing ambient conditions, and provision may effectively be made for a variable aperture receiver structure by closing selected ones of the absorber tubes. Thus, variation of the effective absorption aperture of each receiver structure and, hence, of a complete receiver may be achieved by controlling the channelling of the heat exchange fluid in the alternative manners shown in
Reflectors
The reflectors 12a and 12b described in this section may, in some variations, be suitable for use in the east-west LFR solar arrays disclosed herein, in east-west and /or north-south LFR solar arrays known to one of ordinary skill in the art, and/or in east-west or north-south solar arrays later developed.
Referring to
The members 44 are cantered on and extend about an axis of rotation that is approximately coincident with a central, longitudinally-extending axis of the reflector element 41. The axis of rotation does not need to be exactly coincident with the longitudinal axis of the reflector element but the two axes desirably are at least adjacent one another.
In terms of overall dimensions of the reflector, the platform 42 is, for example, about 10 to about 20 meters long and the end members 14 are approximately two meters in diameter. In some variations the platform 42 is about 12 meters long. In some other variations the platform 42 is about 16 meters long.
The platform 42 comprises a corrugated metal panel and the reflector element 41 is supported upon the crests of the corrugations. The corrugations extend parallel to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the reflector element 41, and the platform 42 is carried by, for example, six transverse frame members 45 of the skeletal frame structure 43. End ones of the transverse frame members 45 effectively comprise diametral members of the hoop-like end members 44.
The transverse frame members 45 comprise rectangular hollow section steel members and each of them is formed with a curve so that, when the platform 42 is secured to the frame members 45, the platform is caused to curve concavely (as viewed from above in
The skeletal frame 43 of the carrier structure 40 also comprises a rectangular hollow section steel spine member 46 which interconnects the end members 44, and a space frame which is fabricated from tubular steel struts 47 connects opposite end regions of each of the transverse frame members 45 to the spine member 46. This skeletal frame arrangement, together with the corrugated structure of the platform 42 provides the composite carrier structure 41 with a high degree of torsional stiffness.
Referring now to
The hoop-like end members 44 of reflectors 12a, 12b are formed from channel section steel, for example, such that each end member is provided with a U-shaped circumferential portion and, as shown in
As also shown in
A drive system, one variation of which is shown in
In another variation, a drive chain has its ends fixed to end member 44 at locations adjacent to each other within the channel section of the end member. The remaining portion of the chain forms a loop running around a portion of end member 44 through the channel structure and thence to and around a sprocket such as sprocket 50 shown in
Referring again to
Depending upon requirements, two or more of the above described reflectors may be positioned linearly in a row and be connected one to another by way of hoop-like end members 44. In such an arrangement a single drive system may be employed for imparting drive to multiple reflectors.
This disclosure is illustrative and not limiting. Further modifications will be apparent to one skilled in the art in light of this disclosure and are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. All publications and patent applications cited in the specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirely as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually put forth herein.
This application is a National Phase filing under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/US2008/010230, filed on Aug. 27, 2008, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/007,926 filed Aug. 27, 2007, entitled “Linear Fresnel Solar Arrays,” which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. This application also claims the benefit of priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/012,920 filed Feb. 5, 2008, entitled “Linear Fresnel Solar Arrays and Components Therefor,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/012,829 filed Feb. 5, 2008, entitled “Linear Fresnel Solar Arrays and Receivers Therefor,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/012,821 filed Feb. 5, 2008, entitled “Linear Fresnel Solar Arrays and Drives Therefor,” each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/010230 | 8/27/2008 | WO | 00 | 8/4/2010 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2009/029277 | 3/5/2009 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
514338 | Row | Feb 1894 | A |
787145 | Brown | Apr 1905 | A |
1174602 | Naylon | Mar 1916 | A |
1240890 | Shuman | Sep 1917 | A |
1852925 | Gomery | Apr 1932 | A |
2793018 | Trombe | May 1957 | A |
2846724 | Aylwin | Aug 1958 | A |
2945417 | Caryl et al. | Jul 1960 | A |
3026858 | Fleischer | Mar 1962 | A |
3311458 | Schunemann | Mar 1967 | A |
3464885 | Land et al. | Sep 1969 | A |
3466119 | Giovanni | Sep 1969 | A |
3861379 | Anderson, Jr. | Jan 1975 | A |
3884217 | Wartes | May 1975 | A |
3889531 | Suga | Jun 1975 | A |
3892433 | Blake | Jul 1975 | A |
3920413 | Lowery | Nov 1975 | A |
3956030 | Lee et al. | May 1976 | A |
3986021 | Hitchcock | Oct 1976 | A |
3995429 | Peters | Dec 1976 | A |
4000851 | Heilemann | Jan 1977 | A |
4022184 | Anderson | May 1977 | A |
4033118 | Powell | Jul 1977 | A |
4054246 | Johnson | Oct 1977 | A |
4056313 | Arbogast | Nov 1977 | A |
4069674 | Warren | Jan 1978 | A |
4071017 | Russell, Jr. et al. | Jan 1978 | A |
4078549 | McKeen et al. | Mar 1978 | A |
4081966 | deGeus | Apr 1978 | A |
4088120 | Anderson | May 1978 | A |
4091622 | Marchesi | May 1978 | A |
4106485 | Polley | Aug 1978 | A |
4108154 | Nelson | Aug 1978 | A |
4111184 | Fletcher et al. | Sep 1978 | A |
4116225 | Ortabasi | Sep 1978 | A |
4117682 | Smith | Oct 1978 | A |
4122833 | Lovelace et al. | Oct 1978 | A |
4124061 | Mitchell et al. | Nov 1978 | A |
4136671 | Whiteford | Jan 1979 | A |
4138995 | Yuan | Feb 1979 | A |
4141626 | Treytl et al. | Feb 1979 | A |
4144716 | Chromie | Mar 1979 | A |
4144875 | Bruno et al. | Mar 1979 | A |
4146057 | Friedman et al. | Mar 1979 | A |
4148164 | Humphrey | Apr 1979 | A |
4149523 | Boy-Marcotte et al. | Apr 1979 | A |
4157290 | Ladislav et al. | Jun 1979 | A |
4159710 | Prast | Jul 1979 | A |
4172443 | Sommer | Oct 1979 | A |
4174704 | Nelson | Nov 1979 | A |
4177325 | Roberts et al. | Dec 1979 | A |
4184477 | Yuan | Jan 1980 | A |
4203426 | Matlock et al. | May 1980 | A |
4205660 | Kellberg et al. | Jun 1980 | A |
4210201 | O'Hanlon | Jul 1980 | A |
4210463 | Escher | Jul 1980 | A |
4215553 | Poirier et al. | Aug 1980 | A |
4220140 | Francia | Sep 1980 | A |
4222365 | Thomson | Sep 1980 | A |
4229076 | Chromie | Oct 1980 | A |
4238265 | Deminet | Dec 1980 | A |
4239344 | Wildenrotter | Dec 1980 | A |
4243018 | Hubbard | Jan 1981 | A |
4249514 | Jones | Feb 1981 | A |
4263895 | Colao | Apr 1981 | A |
4267881 | Byerly | May 1981 | A |
4268332 | Winders | May 1981 | A |
4270600 | Bourdin | Jun 1981 | A |
4281640 | Wells | Aug 1981 | A |
4281642 | Steinberg | Aug 1981 | A |
4289115 | O'Hanlon | Sep 1981 | A |
4291677 | Monk | Sep 1981 | A |
4304221 | Trihey | Dec 1981 | A |
4312324 | Ross et al. | Jan 1982 | A |
4333447 | Lemrow et al. | Jun 1982 | A |
4337827 | Jabsen | Jul 1982 | A |
4339484 | Harding | Jul 1982 | A |
4343298 | Ambille et al. | Aug 1982 | A |
4348135 | St. Clair | Sep 1982 | A |
4367365 | Spencer | Jan 1983 | A |
4375806 | Nishman | Mar 1983 | A |
4385430 | Bartels | May 1983 | A |
4388966 | Spiegel | Jun 1983 | A |
4389464 | Muhlratzer | Jun 1983 | A |
4394859 | Drost | Jul 1983 | A |
4414812 | Parry | Nov 1983 | A |
4416264 | Herrick et al. | Nov 1983 | A |
4422893 | Duchateau et al. | Dec 1983 | A |
4424803 | Bogardus | Jan 1984 | A |
4429178 | Prideaux et al. | Jan 1984 | A |
4434785 | Knudsen | Mar 1984 | A |
4435043 | Mertens et al. | Mar 1984 | A |
4436373 | Kirsch | Mar 1984 | A |
4445499 | Platell | May 1984 | A |
4454371 | Folino | Jun 1984 | A |
4459972 | Moore | Jul 1984 | A |
4462391 | Laussermair et al. | Jul 1984 | A |
4468848 | Anderson et al. | Sep 1984 | A |
4488540 | Mcalister | Dec 1984 | A |
4505260 | Metzger | Mar 1985 | A |
4511756 | Moeller et al. | Apr 1985 | A |
4512336 | Wiener | Apr 1985 | A |
4515148 | Boy-Marcotte et al. | May 1985 | A |
4520794 | Stark et al. | Jun 1985 | A |
4526005 | Laing et al. | Jul 1985 | A |
4532916 | Aharon | Aug 1985 | A |
4553531 | Rosende | Nov 1985 | A |
4559926 | Butler | Dec 1985 | A |
4586489 | Voll et al. | May 1986 | A |
4611090 | Catella et al. | Sep 1986 | A |
4611575 | Powell | Sep 1986 | A |
4628905 | Mills | Dec 1986 | A |
4643212 | Rothrock | Feb 1987 | A |
4730423 | Hughes | Mar 1988 | A |
4730602 | Posnansky et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
4738304 | Chalmers et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
4815433 | Wild | Mar 1989 | A |
4815443 | Vrolyk et al. | Mar 1989 | A |
4820033 | Sick | Apr 1989 | A |
4820395 | Angelini | Apr 1989 | A |
4890599 | Eiden | Jan 1990 | A |
5058565 | Gee et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
5113659 | Baker et al. | May 1992 | A |
5125608 | McMaster et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
5143556 | Matlin | Sep 1992 | A |
5228924 | Barker et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
5259479 | St-Germain | Nov 1993 | A |
5272879 | Wiggs | Dec 1993 | A |
5275150 | Lai | Jan 1994 | A |
5325844 | Rogers et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
5374317 | Lamb et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
5523132 | Zhang et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
5542409 | Sampayo | Aug 1996 | A |
5578140 | Yogev et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
5643423 | Kimock et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
5777587 | Tsuru et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5860414 | Steinmann | Jan 1999 | A |
5862799 | Yogev et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
5894838 | Yogey | Apr 1999 | A |
5899199 | Mills | May 1999 | A |
5931158 | Buck | Aug 1999 | A |
6000211 | Bellac et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6003508 | Hoffschmidt et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6035850 | Deidewig et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6066187 | Jensen et al. | May 2000 | A |
6131565 | Mills | Oct 2000 | A |
6141949 | Steinmann | Nov 2000 | A |
6177131 | Glaubitt et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6201181 | Azzam et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6227280 | Wirth et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6234166 | Katsir et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6240682 | James et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6279312 | Hennecke | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6344272 | Oldenburg et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6349718 | Ven et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6396239 | Benn et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6470644 | James et al. | Oct 2002 | B2 |
6484506 | Bellac et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6530369 | Yogev et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6532953 | Blackmon et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6543441 | Fünger et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6632542 | Mahoney et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
6668555 | Moriarty | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6668820 | Cohen et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
6722357 | Shingleton | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6752434 | Cummins | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6772570 | Horne | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6783653 | Mahoney et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6902203 | Kang | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6906842 | Agrawal et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6911110 | Blackmon, Jr. et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6941759 | Bellac et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6959993 | Gross et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6968654 | Moulder et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6971756 | Vasylyev et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6994082 | Hochberg et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7041342 | Lohmeyer et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7051529 | Murphy et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7055519 | Litwin | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7140181 | Jensen et al. | Nov 2006 | B1 |
7156088 | Luconi | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7191597 | Goldman | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7192146 | Gross et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7207327 | Litwin et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7249937 | Inoue et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7296410 | Litwin | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7299633 | Murphy et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7395820 | Kuckelkorn | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7412976 | Winston | Aug 2008 | B2 |
7432488 | Hines et al. | Oct 2008 | B1 |
7479350 | Neumann et al. | Jan 2009 | B1 |
7492120 | Benn et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7531741 | Melton et al. | May 2009 | B1 |
7926480 | Le Lievre | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7926481 | Edwards et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7950386 | Lievre | May 2011 | B2 |
7975686 | Prueitt | Jul 2011 | B2 |
7992553 | Le Lievre | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8056555 | Prueitt | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8203110 | Silvestre | Jun 2012 | B2 |
20020078945 | Funger et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020180404 | Benn et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030034029 | Shingleton | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030137754 | Vasylyev et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030173469 | Kudija, Jr. et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20040004175 | Nakamura | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040074490 | Mills et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040128923 | Moulder et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040139689 | Sinha et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040139960 | Blackmon, Jr. et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040231716 | Litwin | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040261334 | Liebendorfer et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040261788 | Winston | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050126170 | Litwin | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050126560 | Litwin | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050150225 | Gwiazda et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050189525 | Kuckelkorn et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050229924 | Luconi et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050279095 | Goldman | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050279953 | Gerst | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050284467 | Patterson | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060107664 | Hudson et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060144393 | Le Lievre | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060150967 | Hoelle et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060157050 | Le Lievre | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060181765 | Jorgensen et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060225729 | Litwin | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060260314 | Kincaid et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060266039 | Skowronski et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20070012041 | Goldman | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070035864 | Vasylyev et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070084208 | Goldman | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070157614 | Goldman | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070157923 | Le Lievre | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070221208 | Goldman | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070227573 | Hunter et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20080000231 | Litwin et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080011290 | Goldman et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080029150 | Quero et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080034757 | Skowronski et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080127647 | Leitner | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080128017 | Ford | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080134679 | Cavanaugh et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080184789 | Eck et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080230108 | Keshner et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080236571 | Keshner et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080271731 | Winston | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080302314 | Gonzalez et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20080308094 | Johnston | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20090032095 | Schultz et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090056699 | Mills et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090056701 | Mills et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090056703 | Mills et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090084760 | Mayer et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090090109 | Mills et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090101138 | Eck et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090107487 | Gee et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090107488 | Gee et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090107489 | Gee et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090121495 | Mills | May 2009 | A1 |
20090126364 | Mills et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
20090139515 | Gee et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090199888 | Kuhn | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090205637 | Moore et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090208761 | Silmy et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090322089 | Mills et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100071683 | Selig et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
1013565 | Apr 2002 | BE |
2802859 | Jul 1979 | DE |
2945908 | May 1981 | DE |
3003962 | Aug 1981 | DE |
9417466 | Feb 1995 | DE |
19619021 | Nov 1997 | DE |
19723543 | Dec 1998 | DE |
19740644 | Mar 1999 | DE |
19932646 | Feb 2000 | DE |
19854391 | May 2000 | DE |
10328321 | Jan 2005 | DE |
102007052234 | Apr 2009 | DE |
0012037 | Jun 1980 | EP |
00129821 | Jan 1985 | EP |
0151045 | Aug 1985 | EP |
00526816 | Feb 1993 | EP |
1164337 | Dec 2001 | EP |
0986695 | Jun 2002 | EP |
1243872 | Sep 2002 | EP |
1056978 | Oct 2002 | EP |
1291591 | Mar 2003 | EP |
0815401 | May 2003 | EP |
1519108 | Mar 2005 | EP |
1537921 | Jun 2005 | EP |
1598608 | Nov 2005 | EP |
1610073 | Dec 2005 | EP |
1746363 | Jan 2007 | EP |
1754942 | Feb 2007 | EP |
1764565 | Mar 2007 | EP |
1795829 | Jun 2007 | EP |
1801517 | Jun 2007 | EP |
1873397 | Jan 2008 | EP |
1930587 | Jun 2008 | EP |
2000669 | Dec 2008 | EP |
2053242 | Apr 2009 | EP |
2093518 | Aug 2009 | EP |
2093520 | Aug 2009 | EP |
1520370 | Apr 1968 | FR |
2391420 | Dec 1978 | FR |
2637967 | Apr 1990 | FR |
2037977 | Jul 1980 | GB |
2054829 | Feb 1981 | GB |
2154729 | Sep 1985 | GB |
56-002441 | Jan 1981 | JP |
58-62460 | Apr 1983 | JP |
58-86353 | May 1983 | JP |
58-150753 | Sep 1983 | JP |
63-183346 | Jul 1988 | JP |
2-110254 | Apr 1990 | JP |
8-184063 | Jul 1996 | JP |
2000-97498 | Apr 2000 | JP |
2004-69197 | Mar 2004 | JP |
9010182 | Sep 1990 | WO |
9521358 | Aug 1995 | WO |
9629745 | Sep 1996 | WO |
9630705 | Oct 1996 | WO |
9701030 | Jan 1997 | WO |
9714887 | Apr 1997 | WO |
9855740 | Dec 1998 | WO |
9942765 | Aug 1999 | WO |
9964795 | Dec 1999 | WO |
0033001 | Jun 2000 | WO |
0161254 | Aug 2001 | WO |
0172508 | Oct 2001 | WO |
0202995 | Jan 2002 | WO |
0212799 | Feb 2002 | WO |
0225184 | Mar 2002 | WO |
02075225 | Sep 2002 | WO |
02098553 | Dec 2002 | WO |
2004066401 | Aug 2004 | WO |
2004094924 | Nov 2004 | WO |
2005003646 | Jan 2005 | WO |
2005003647 | Jan 2005 | WO |
2005010225 | Feb 2005 | WO |
2005071325 | Aug 2005 | WO |
2005078360 | Aug 2005 | WO |
2005088218 | Sep 2005 | WO |
2005119136 | Dec 2005 | WO |
2006000834 | Jan 2006 | WO |
2006005303 | Jan 2006 | WO |
2006008433 | Jan 2006 | WO |
2006073357 | Jul 2006 | WO |
2007022756 | Mar 2007 | WO |
2007031062 | Mar 2007 | WO |
2007076282 | Jul 2007 | WO |
2007087680 | Aug 2007 | WO |
2007104080 | Sep 2007 | WO |
2007108976 | Sep 2007 | WO |
2007118223 | Oct 2007 | WO |
2007147399 | Dec 2007 | WO |
2008006174 | Jan 2008 | WO |
2008022409 | Feb 2008 | WO |
2008027041 | Mar 2008 | WO |
2008058528 | May 2008 | WO |
2008058866 | May 2008 | WO |
2008092194 | Aug 2008 | WO |
2008092195 | Aug 2008 | WO |
2008115305 | Sep 2008 | WO |
2008118980 | Oct 2008 | WO |
2008121335 | Oct 2008 | WO |
2008121672 | Oct 2008 | WO |
2008128237 | Oct 2008 | WO |
2008128746 | Oct 2008 | WO |
2008153946 | Dec 2008 | WO |
2008154521 | Dec 2008 | WO |
2008154599 | Dec 2008 | WO |
2009015388 | Jan 2009 | WO |
2009029275 | Mar 2009 | WO |
2009029277 | Mar 2009 | WO |
2009051595 | Apr 2009 | WO |
2009106103 | Sep 2009 | WO |
2009106104 | Sep 2009 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 12/012,920, mailed on Jan. 27, 2014, 14 pages. |
FMC Corporation, “Solar Thermal Central-Receiver Research Study”, DOE/ET/20426-T6, Appendix A,B,C,D, Feb. 1977, 160 pages. |
Freiburg et al., “Solar unterstutzte Konventionelle Kraftwerke fur Mittel—und Sudeuropa”, BWK Bd., vol. 46, No. 5, May 1994, pp. 247-253 (11 pages of English Translation and 7 pages of Original Document). |
Freiburg, Marko A., “Verbesserung fossilgefeuerter Dampfkraftwerke durch solare Wärmezufuhr”, BWK, vol. 47, No. 7/8, Jul./Aug. 1995, pp. 303-308 (13 pages of English Translation and 7 pages of Original Documents). |
Goebel et al., “Parabolic Trough Collector with Foldable Reflector FC1: Design, Test Programme and Experiences”, Proceedings of the 11th SolarPACES International Symposium on Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland, Sep. 4-6, 2002, Sep. 2002, 5 pages. |
Gorman, D. N., “Assessment of Central Receiver Solar Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery Systems”, Thermal Power Systems, Contract No. 98/3601, Jul. 1987, 117 pages. |
Hassoun et al., “Electrodeposited Ni-Sn Intermetallic Electrodes for Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries”, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 160, 2006, pp. 1336-1341. |
Hollis, Steve, “A New Thermal Energy Storage System”, 82nd Annual EESA Conference Trade Exhibition—Electricity 2006, At the Flick of a Switch, Melbourne, Australia, Aug. 2006, 20 pages. |
Katumba et al., “Selective Solar Absorbers: A Cost Effective Solution for Access to Clean Energy in Rural Africa”, Presented at 2nd CSIR Biennial Conference, CSIR International Conference, Centre Pretoria, South Africa, Nov. 17-18, 2008, pp. 1-9. |
Katumba et al., “Solar Selective Absorber Functionality of Carbon Nanoparticles Embedded in SiO2 , ZnO and NiO Matrices”, Physica Status Solidi (c), vol. 5, No. 2, 2008, pp. 549-551. |
Katumba et al., “Solar Selective Absorber Functionality of Carbon Nanoparticles Embedded in SiO2, ZnO and NiO Matrices”, SAIP 2006, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, 2006, 29 pages. |
Kennedy et al., “Development and Testing of High-Temperature Solar Selective Coatings”, Presented at the 2004 DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Review Meeting, Denver, Colorado, Oct. 25-28, 2004, 5 pages. |
Kennedy et al., “Progress Toward Developing a Durable High-Temperature Solar Selective Coating”, 2007 Parabolic Trough Technologies Workshop, Golden, Colorado, Mar. 8-9, 2007, 1 page. |
Kennedy, Cheryl E., “Session: CSP Advanced Systems: Optical Materials Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory”, NREL, 2008 Solar Annual Review Meeting, Austin, Texas, Apr. 22-24, 2008, 30 pages. |
Kennedy, Cheryl E., “Advances in Concentrating Solar Power Collectors: Mirrors and Solar Selective Coating”, AIMCAL, Scottsdale, Arizona, Oct. 10, 2007, pp. 1-69. |
Kennedy, Cheryl E., “Progress to Develop an Advanced Solar-Selective Coating”, 14th Biennial CSP SolarPACES Symposium, Las Vegas, Nevada, Mar. 4-7, 2008, pp. 1-9. |
Kennedy, Cheryl E., “Review of Mid- to High-Temperature Solar Selective Absorber Materials”, Technical Report—NREL, Jul. 2002, 58 pages. |
Kunstle et al., “Solar Powered Combined Cycle Plant”, Power-Gen Europe '94, Cologne, Germany, vol. 6/7, May 17-19, 1994, pp. 134-151. |
Laing, Doerte, “Concrete Storage Development for Parabolic Trough Power Plants”, Parabolic Trough Technology Workshop, Golden, CO, Mar. 8, 2007, pp. 1-17. |
Laing, Doerte, “Storage Development for Direct Stream Generation Power Plants”, Parabolic Trough Technology Workshop, Golden, CO, Mar. 9, 2007, pp. 1-21. |
Le Lievre et al., “Design of 6.5 MW Solar Thermal Electricity Plant with Zero Fossil Fuel Backup”, ANZSES Annual Conference—Clean Energy?—Can Do!, Canberra, Australia, 2006, pp. 1-7. |
Library of Congress, “Application of Solar Technology to Today's Energy Needs—vol. I”, Chapter VIII, titled “Collectors”, Office of Technology Assessment, Library of Congress Card Catalog No. 78-600060, Jun. 1978, pp. 245-326. |
Library of Congress, “Application of Solar Technology to Today's Energy Needs—vol. I”, Chapter IX, titled “Energy Conversion with Heat Engines”, Office of Technology Assessment, Library of Congress Card Catalog No. 78-600060, Jun. 1978, pp. 329-389. |
Library of Congress, “Application of Solar Technology to Today's Energy Needs—vol. I”, Chapter XI, titled “Energy Storage”, Office of Technology Assessment, Library of Congress Card Catalog No. 78-600060, Jun. 1978, pp. 429-483. |
Lippke, Franc, “Numerische Simulation der Absorberdynamik von Parabolrinnen-Solar-kraftwerken mit direkter Dampferzeugung”, VDI Publishing House, vol. 6, No. 307, 1994, 232 pages. (107 pages of English Translation and 125 pages of Original Document). |
Lloyd Energy, “Cloncurry Solar Thermal Storage Project”, available online at <http://web.archive.org/web/20080719080141/http:/www.lloydenergy.com/presentations.php>, Jul. 19, 2008, 15 pages. |
Lloyd Energy, “Frequently Asked Questions—Cloncurry Solar Power Pilot Project”, available online at <http://web.archive.org/web/20080719211253/www.lloydenergy.com/presentations/cloncurry+Solar-Thermal+Storage+Project+FAQ.pdf>, Nov. 7, 2007, 3 pages. |
Lloyd Energy, “Lake Cargelligo Solar Thermal Storage Project”, available online at <http://web.archive.org/web/2008071908141/http:/www.lloydenergy.com/presentations.php>, Jul. 19, 2008, 16 pages. |
Lovegrove et al., “Developing Ammonia Based Thermo-chemical Energy Storage for Dish Power Plants”, Solar Energy, vol. 76, 2004, pp. 331-337. |
Lovegrove et al., “Endothermic Reactors for an Ammonia Based Thermo-chemical Solar Energy Storage and Transport System”, Solar Energy, vol. 56, No. 4, 1996, pp. 361-371. |
Mertins et al., “Geometry Optimization of Fresnel-Collectors with Economic Assessment”, Jan. 1, 2004, 8 pages. |
Mills et al., “Case Study: Low Cost Solar Thermal Power Development in NSW”, Proceedings at Enviro 2004, Mar. 28, 2004, 7 pages. |
Mills et al., “Cheaper Than Coal?”, International Solar Energy Society Solar World Congress, Orlando, Florida, Aug. 6-12, 2005, 8 pages. |
Mills et al., “Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Progress”, SolarPACES 2006, A7-S2, 2006, pp. 1-7. |
Mills et al., “The Future for Solar Thermal”, Proceedings of the 8th Renewable & Sustainable Power Conference, ESAA Alice Springs, Aug. 2002, pp. 1-20. |
Mills et al., U.S. Appl. No. 60/934,549, filed on Jun. 13, 2007. |
Mills et al., U.S. Appl. No. 61/007,926, filed on Aug. 27, 2007. |
Mills et al., U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,574, filed on Jun. 6, 2007. |
Mills et al., U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,615, filed on Jun. 6, 2007. |
Mills et al., U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,619, filed on Jun. 6, 2007. |
Mills et al., U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,620, filed on Jun. 6, 2007. |
Mills et al., U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,637, filed on Jun. 6, 2007. |
Mills et al., U.S. Appl. No. 60/933,648, filed on Jun. 6, 2007. |
Morrison, Graham, “Large Scale Solar Thermal Electricity”, Australia-China Energy Symposium, Nov. 2006, 25 pages. |
Nava et al., “Trough Thermal Storage—Status Spring 2007”, NREL/DLR Trough Workshop, Denver, Mar. 2007, 19 pages. |
NIR News, “A Celebration of Near Infrared Spectroscopy”, The Newsletter of the International Council for Near Infrared Spectroscopy, vol. 16, No. 7, Oct./Nov. 2005, 30 pages. |
NREL, “Survey of Thermal Storage for Parabolic Trough Power Plants”, Pilkington Solar International GmbH, Cologne, Germany, Sep. 13, 1999-Jun. 12, 2000, 61 pages. |
Odeh et al., “Hydrodynamic Model for Horizontal and Inclined Solar Absorber Tubes for Direct Steam Generation Collectors”, 13th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Dec. 13-18, 1998, 4 pages. |
Odeh et al., “Performance of Horizontal and Inclined Direct Steam Generation Trough Solar Collectors”, ANZSES 1998, Perth, Australia, Oct. 1998, 8 pages. |
Official Committee Hansard, “House of Representatives: Standing Committee on Industry and Resources”, available online at <http://www.ah.gov.au/hansard/reps/committee/r10386.htm>, Aug. 9, 2007, 18 pages. |
Pacheco et al., “Development of a Molten-Salt Thermocline Thermal Storage System for Parabolic Trough Plants”, Proceedings of Solar Forum 2001, Solar Energy: The Power to Choose, Washington, D.C., Apr. 21-25, 2001, 9 pages. |
Pacheco et al., “Development of Molten-Salt Thermocline Thermal Storage System for Parabolic Trough Plants”, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, vol. 124, May 2002, pp. 153-159. |
Passo, Janne, “Moisture Depth Profiling in Paper Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy”, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Nov. 2007, 204 pages. |
Peterson, Josh, “Super-Concrete to Store Solar Power Works: TreeHugger”, Available at <http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/12/thermal-storage-concrete.php>, Dec. 2008, pp. 1-5. |
Reynolds et al., “An Experimental and Computational Study of the Heat Loss Characteristics of a Trapezoidal Cavity Absorber”, Solar Energy, vol. 76, 2004, pp. 229-234. |
Reynolds, David J., “A Thermal and Hydrodynamic Model for a Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector-Type Solar Thermal Collector”, University of New South Wales, 2005, 291 pages. |
Riesenkampf et al., “New High-Tin Phase Found in Electrolytic Sn-Ni Deposits”, Journal of Materials Science, vol. 36, No. 19, Oct. 2001, pp. 4633-4636. (Abstract Only). |
Schramek et al., “Heliostats for Maximum Ground Coverage”, Energy, vol. 29, 2004, pp. 701-713. |
Seri, “Phase-Change Thermal Energy Storage”, Final Subcontract Report on the Symposium Held Oct. 19-20, 1988, Helendale, California, U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC0283CH10093, Nov. 1989, 151 pages. |
SolarPACES, “SolarPACES 2009 Program”, Berlin Germany, Sep. 15-18, 2009, 19 pages. |
Stanley et al., “An Overview of Engineering and Agricultural Design Considerations of the Raft River Soil-Warming and Heat Dissipation Experiment”, EG&G Idaho, Inc., U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office Under DOE Contact No. DE-AC07-76ID01570, Apr. 1982, pp. 1-23. |
Stine et al., “Power Cycles for Solar Applications”, Chapter 12, Solar Energy Fundamentals and Design with Computer Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985, pp. 281-334. |
Stine et al., “Solar Energy Fundamentals and Design with Computer Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, (Table of Contents only), 1985, pp. xiii-xiv. |
Stine et al., “Solar Thermal Projects”, Chapter 14 in Solar Energy Fundamentals and Design with Computer Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985, pp. 364-396. |
Mills et al., U.S. Appl. No. 11/895,869, filed on Aug. 27, 2007. |
Tamaura et al., “A Novel Beam Down System for Solar Power Generation with Multi-ring Central Reflectors and Molten Salt Thermal Storage”, Presented at 13th International Symposium on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies, Seville, Spain, Available at <http://www.fundacionsener.es/EPORTAL—DOCS/GENERAL/FILE-cw7646d431b8c543d7b45a/ANOVELBEAM-DOWNSYSTEM.pdf>, Jun. 20-23, 2006, pp. 1-8. |
Tamme, Rainer, “Future Storage System”, World Solar Power, Seville, Spain, Oct. 24-26, 2007, pp. 1-22. |
Tamme, Rainer, “Storage Technology for Process Heat Applications”, Preheat Symposium, Freiburg, Germany, Jun. 21, 2007, pp. 1-24. |
Tamme, Rainer, “TES for Process Heat and Power Generation”, Symposium “Material Development for Thermal Energy Storage,” Phase Change Materials and Chemical Reaktions, Bad Tolz, Germany, Jun. 4-6, 2008, pp. 1-25. |
Tamme, Rainer, “Thermal Energy Storage: Concrete & Phase Changes TES”, 2006 Parabolic Trough Technology Workshop, Incline Village, Nevada, Feb. 13, 2006, pp. 1-28. |
Tanner, A. R., “Application of Underground Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Power Generation in New South Wales”, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Nov. 2003, 124 pages. |
Tegehall, Per-Erik, “Review of the Impact of Intermetallic Layers on the Brittleness of Tin-Lead and Lead-Free Solder Joints”, IVF Project Report 06/07, Mar. 2006, pp. 1-63. |
Tesfamicharel, Tuquabo, “Characterization of Selective Solar Absorbers: Experimental and Theoretical Modeling”, ACTA Universitatis Upsaliensis Uppsala, 2000, pp. 1-79. |
The Aerospace Corporation, “Evaluation of the FMC Line Cavity Central Receiver Concept”, National Technical Information Service, Apr. 1977, pp. 1-26. |
The Oil Drum, “Storing Energy Using Graphite”, Australia and New Zealand, available online at <http://anz.theoildrum.com/node/3608>, Feb. 12, 2008, 7 pages. |
Tomlinson et al., “Substrate Roughness, Deposit Thickness and the Corrosion of Electroless Nickel Coatings”, Journal of Material Science, vol. 25, 1990, pp. 4972-4976. |
Tully et al., “Paraboloid simple and compound cone concentrators for spherical absorbers”, Solar Energy, Pergamon Press. Oxford, GB, vol. 29, No. 2, XP025415037, ISSN: 0038-092X, 001: 10.1016/0038-092X(82)90179-7, Jan. 1, 1982, 167-174 pages. |
Turkenburg et al., “Renewable Energy Technologies”, Chapter 7 in World Energy Assessment: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability, 2000, pp. 220-272. |
Turner et al., “High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage in Moving Sand”, Proceedings of the 13th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 20-25, 1978, pp. 923-927. |
Turner, Robert H., “High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage”, Part I and Part II, The Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1978, 51 pages. |
Turner, Robert H., “High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage in Steel and Sand”, DOE/NASA/0100-79-1, Dec. 15, 1979, 95 pages. |
Von Tobias Mauelshagen, “Technologie der Solar Power Group am Beispiel Eines 10MWe Frosenelkraftwerkes”, Solar Power Group Workshop, Solar Power Group GmbH, Berlin, Germany, Available at <http://www.mss-csp.info/cms/upload/pdf/Berlin—Nov—2008/7. Solar—Power—Group—Prsentation—Mauelshagen—Workshop—Berlin—20112008.pd>, Nov. 20, 2008, pp. 1-31. |
Wynne et al., “The Transformation on Annealing of the Metastable Electrodeposit, NiSnx, to Its Equilibrium Phases”, Metallurgical Transactions, vol. 3, Jan. 1972, pp. 301-305. |
Zollner et al., “Rechnerische Simulation von Heizkraftprozessen als Instrument zur Parametervariation and Optimierung”, FWI, vol. 18, No. 5, 1989, pp. 466-471. |
Zoschak et al., “Studies of the Direct Input of Solar Energy to a Fossil-Fueled Central Station Steam Power Plants”, Solar Energy, vol. 17, 1975, pp. 297-305. |
Non Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 12/012,829, mailed on Dec. 7, 2011, 16 pages. |
Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 12/012,829, mailed on Jul. 20, 2012, 13 pages. |
Bernhard et al., “Linear Fresnel Collector Demonstration on the PSA. Partl-Design; Construction and Quality Control”, Proceedings of the 14th Solar PACES International Symposium, Las Vegas, Nevada, Mar. 4-7, 2008, 10 pages. |
Dey et al., “Operation of a CLFR Research Apparatus”, Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Energy Society, Solar 2000—From Fossils to Photons, Brisbane, Australia, Nov. 28, 2000 through Dec. 1, 2000, pp. 516-527. |
Dey, C. J., “Heat Transfer Aspects of an Elevated Linear Absorber”, Solar Energy, vol. 76, 2004, pp. 243-249. |
Francia, G., “Pilot Plants of Solar Steam Generating Stations”, Solar Energy, vol. 12, The Journal of Solar Energy Science and Technology, 1968, pp. 51-64. |
Haberle et al., “The Solarmundo Line Focussing Fresnel Collector. Optical and Thermal Performance and Cost Calculations”, Available at: <http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/veroeffentlichungen/nach-jahrgaengen/2002/the-solarmundoline-focussing-fresnel-collector-optical-and-thermal-performance-and-cost-calculations>, Sep. 2002, 11 pages. |
Hu et al., “Solar Power Boosting of Fossil Fuelled Power Plants”, Proceedings ISES Solar World Congress, Goteborg, Sweden, Jun. 14-19, 2003, 7 pages. |
Jance et al., “Natural Convection and Radiation within an Enclosed Inverted Absorber Cavity: Preliminary Experimental Results”, ANZSES Annual Conference—From Fossils to Photons, Brisbane, Australia, 2000, 7 pages. |
Jance, Michael, “Experimental and Numerical Analysis of combined Convention and Radiation Heat Transfer within a Stratified Trapezoidal Cavity”, University of New South Wales, Thesis Project Report, Jun. 2003, 195 pages. |
Mills et al., “Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Thermal Powerplants”, Solar Energy, vol. 68, No. 3, Mar. 2000, pp. 263-283. |
Mills et al., “Design of a 240 MWe Solar Thermal Power Plant”, Present at Eurosun 2004 Conference, Available at <http://www.ausra.com/pdfs/Design240MWsolarthermalpowerplant—Mills—2004>, 2004, 8 pages. |
Mills et al., “First Results from Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Installation”, Proceedings Solar 2004, Australian and New Zealand Energy Society, Murdoch, Dec. 2004, 7 pages. |
Mills et al., “Multi-tower Line Focus Fresnel Array Project”, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, vol. 128, No. 1, Feb. 2006, pp. 118-120. |
Mills et al., “Multi-Tower Line Focus Fresnel Arrays”, Proceedings of ISEC 2003: International Solar Energy Conference, Manua Kea Resort, Hawaii Island, Hawaii, USA, Mar. 16-18, 2003, 6 pages. |
Mills et al., “Solar Preheating of the Liddell Coal-fired Powerplant”, ANZSES Annual Conference 2003, Nov. 26-29, 2003, pp. 600-604. |
Mills, D., “Advances in Solar Thermal Electricity Technology”, Solar Energy, vol. 76, 2004, pp. 19-31. |
Mills, D., “Lower Temperature Approach for Very Large Solar Powerplants”, Presented at 11th SolarPaces, Zurich, Switzerland, Sep. 4-6, 2002, 6 pages. |
Mills et al., “Advanced Fresnel Reflector Powerplants—Performance and Generating Costs”, Proceedings of Solar 97—Australia and New Zealand Solar Energy Society, paper 84, 1997, pp. 1-9. |
Mills et al., “Project Proposal for a Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Thermal Plant in the Hunter Valley”, Available at <http://solar1.mech.unsw.edu.au/glm/papers/Mills—projectproposal—newcastle—pdf>, 2002, 6 pages. |
Morrison et al., “Water-in-Glass Evacuated Tube Solar Water Heaters”, Proceedings of ISES 2001, Solar World Congress, Adelaide, Australia, Nov. 25-30, 2001, pp. 545-550. |
Morrison et al., “Solar Thermal Power Systems—Stanwell Power Station Project”, ANZSES Annual Conference, Geelong, Australia, 1999, 10 pages. |
Nitarski et al., “Combined Radiation and Natural Convection in a Trapezoidal Cavity Absorber: An Experimental Study”, Proceedings of the Seventh Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, James Cook University, Townsville, Jul. 2000, pp. 251-256. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/AU2005/000208, mailed on May 24, 2005, 5 pages. |
Pye et al., “Convection Inside the Cavity Receiver of the CLFR Concentrating Solar Power System”, 7th Natural Convection Workshop, Sydney, Australia, Jul. 2003, 2 pages. |
Pye et al., “Modelling of Cavity Receiver Heat Transfer for the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector”, ISES World Congress, Jun. 14-19, 2003, 8 pages. |
Pye et al., “Steam-circuit Model for the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Prototype”, ANZSES Solar 2004: Life, the Universe and Renewables, Perth, Western Australia, Nov. 30-Dec. 3, 2004, pp. 1-10. |
Pye et al., “Transient Modelling of Cavity Receiver Heat Transfer for the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector”, ANZSES Solar 2003, Melbourne, Australia, Nov. 23-29, 2003, pp. 1-9. |
Reynolds et al., “A Hydrodynamic Model for a Line-Focus Direct Steam Generation Solar Collector”, Proceedings of Solar 2002—Australia and New Zealand Solar Energy Society—Solar Harvest, Newcastle, Australia, 2002, pp. 1-6. |
Reynolds et al., “Combined Radiation and Natural Convection in a Trapezoidal Cavity Absorber”, Proceedings 7th Australasian Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer Conference, Townsville, Australia, as posted on <http:/solar1.mech.unsw.edu.au/glm/galm-papers/7AHMTC—reynolds.pdf>, Jun. 2000, 6 pages. |
Reynolds et al., “Heat Transfer in a Trapezoidal Cavity Absorber for a Solar Thermal Collector”, ANZSES Annual Conference—Renewable Energy Transforming Business, Brisbane, Australia, 2000, pp. 547-555. |
Solar Progress, “Solar Progress Renewable Energy for Australasia”, Solar Progress, vol. 25, No. 3, Oct. 2004, pp. 1-35. |
Di Canio et al., “Line Focus Solar Thermal Central Receiver Research Study: Final Report for Period Apr. 30, 1977-Mar. 31, 1979”, FMC Corporation: Santa Clara, CA, U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Under Contract DE-AC03-76ET-20426, DOE/ET/20426-1, 316 pages. |
Burbidge et al., “Stanwell Solar Thermal Power Project”, 10th Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies, Sydney, Australia, 2000, 6 pages. |
Reynolds et al., “An Experimental and Computational Study of the Heat Loss Characteristics of a Trapezoidal Cavity Absorber”, Proceedings of ISES 2001 Solar World Congress, Adelaide, Australia, Nov. 25-30, 2001, pp. 919-924. |
Office Action received for Mexican Patent Application No. MXa2010002251, mailed on Jan. 23, 2013, 5 pages (3 pages of English Translation and 2 pages of Official copy). |
Non Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 12/012,821, mailed on Mar. 7, 2013, 8 pages. |
Non Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 12/012,920, mailed on Apr. 4, 2013, 9 pages. |
European Office Action received for European Patent Application No. 08828772.7, mailed on Dec. 29, 2011, 5 pages. |
International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/AU2004/000884, mailed on Aug. 31, 2004, 2 pages. |
International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/AU2007/000268, mailed on May 3, 2007, 2 pages. |
International Search Report received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/AU2007/001232, mailed on Oct. 15, 2007, 3 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/007098, mailed on Sep. 26, 2008, 9 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/066185, mailed on Apr. 8, 2009, 9 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/007419, mailed on May 6, 2009, 9 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/010230, mailed on Jun. 25, 2009, 15 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/010223, mailed on Jun. 30, 2009, 18 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/010223, issued on Mar. 2, 2010, 13 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/010230, issued on Mar. 2, 2010, 11 pages. |
Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 10/597,966, mailed on Jun. 23, 2009, 9 pages. |
Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 12/012,920, mailed on Jul. 29, 2011, 9 pages. |
Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 10/597,966, mailed on Aug. 5, 2008, 8 pages. |
Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 10/597,966, mailed on Aug. 2, 2010, 11 pages. |
Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 12/012,920, mailed on Feb. 16, 2011, 17 pages. |
Notice of Allowance received for U.S. Appl. No. 10/597,966, mailed on Mar. 31, 2011, 9 pages. |
ABC Online, “Lake Cargelligo Chosen as Solar Energy Project Trial Site”, available online at <http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200705/s1916027.htm>, May 7, 2007, 1 page. |
Abengoa, Solar, “Solutions to Global Climate Change: Parabolic Troughs”, available online at <http://www.abengoasolarcom/corp/export/sites/solar/resources/pdf/Sevilia—PV.pdf>, Feb. 25, 2008, 14 pages. |
Aberdeen Group, “Effect of High Temperature on Hardened Concrete”, 1971, 3 pages. |
Allani et al., “CO2 Mitigation Through the Use of Hybrid Solar-Combined Cycles”, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, Cambridge, Energy Covers. Mgmt., vol. 38, 1997, pp. S661-S667. |
Allani et al., “Concept Global D'Une Nouvelle Centrale Solaire a Cycle of Combine Dual Fuel”, Entropie, vol. 164/165, 1991, pp. 121-122 (partial English Machine Translation). |
Allani, Y., “A Global Concept of a New Type of Solar Combined Cycle Duel Fuel Plant”, Presented at 6th International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies, Plataforma Solar de Almeria, Spain, Sep. 28-Oct. 2, 1992, pp. 939-943. |
Allani, Yassin, “Etude d'une nouvelle centrale Electro-Thermo-solaire a cycle combine bi-combustible”, Journees Internationales de Thermique (JITH 95), vol. 2, 1995, 2 pages, (1 page of English Translation and 1 page of Original Document). |
Anonymous, “Cooma Company's $5 Million Grant”, Monaro Post, May 9, 2007, 1 page. |
ASTM, “Meta-quartzite From the Rainbow Quarries”, 2008, 2 pages. (Screen shot). |
ASTM International, “Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings”, 2008, pp. 1-7. |
Bennett et al., “Investigations of an Electrodeposited Tin-Nickel Alloy”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 123, No. 7, Jul. 1976, pp. 999-1003. |
Birnbaum et al., “A Concept for Future Parabolic Trough Based Solar Thermal Power Plants”, ICPWS XV, Berlin, Germany, Sep. 8-11, 2008, pp. 1-10. |
Bombala Times, “Cooma Project Receives $5 Million in Funding”, available online at <http://www.bombalatimes.com.au/news/local/news/General/Cooma-project-receives-5-million-in-funding/267734.aspx>, May 8, 2007, 3 pages. |
Bopp et al., “Solare Vorwarmung zur Brennstoffeinsparung in Fossil Befeuerten Kraftwerken”, Solarenergie, vol. 48, No. 6, Jun. 1996, pp. 26-32, (6 pages of English Translation and 8 pages of Original Document). |
Brosseau et al., “Testing Thermocline Filler Materials and Molten-Salt Heat Transfer Fluids for Thermal Energy Storage Systems Used in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants”, SAND2004-3207, Jul. 2004, pp. 3-95. |
Bruhn et al., “Criteria for the Assessment of Concepts for the Use of Solar Energy in Combine Heat and Power”, Proceeding of EuroSun, vol. 96, 1996, pp. 1695-1700. |
Bruhn, “Einsatz von Solarenergie in der zentralen Warme-Kraft-Kopplung”, HLH Bd, vol. 45, No. 11, Nov. 1994, pp. 573-576, (10 pages of English Translation and 4 pages of Original Document). |
Buie et al., “Optical Considerations in line Focus Fresnel Concentrators”, Proceedings of the 11th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland, available online at <http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/app/solar/publications/index.html>, Sep. 3-6, 2002, 6 pages. |
Burley et al., “Proceedings of Solar '94”, The 1994 American Solar Energy Society Annual Conference, San Jose, CA, (Table of Contents), Jun. 25-30, 1994, pp. vii-ix. |
Buschle et al., “Latent Heat Storage for Process Heat Applications”, Available at <http://de.scientificcommons.org/37481048>, 2006, 8 pages. |
Carden, P. O., “Energy Corradiation Using the Reversible Ammonia Reaction”, Solar Energy, vol. 19, 1977, pp. 365-378. |
Carvalho et al., “High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Discontinuously Precipitated Ni3Sn”, ACTA Mater., vol. 48, 2000, pp. 4203-4215. |
Choudhury, C et al., “A fresnel strip reflector-concentrator for tubular solar-energy collectors”, Applied Energy, Elsevier Science Publishers, GB, vol. 23, No. 2, XP025417777, ISSN: 0306-2619, 001: 10.1016/0306-2619(86)90036-X, Jan. 1, 1986, pp. 143-154. |
Copeland et al., “For Water/Steam, Organic Fluid, and Air/Brayton Solar Thermal Collector Receivers”, In Comparative Ranking of Thermal Storage Systems, vol. 1, Solar Energy Research Institute, Golden, Colorado, Nov. 1983, 116 pages. |
Darnell et al., “A Solar-Fossil Combined Cycle Power Plant”, AS/ISES 1980, Proceedings of the 1980 Annual Meeting American Section of the International Solar Energy Society, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona, Jun. 2-6, 1980, pp. 563-567. |
Deleon et al., “Solar Technology Application to Enhanced Oil Recovery”, Solar Energy Research Institute, U.S. Department of Energy Contact No. EG-77-C-01-4042, Dec. 1979, 110 pages. |
Dubberly et al., “Cost and Performance of Thermal Storage Concepts in Solar Thermal Systems, Phase I”, In Comparative Ranking of Thermal Storage Systems, vol. II, Solar Energy Research Institute, Golden, Colorado, Nov. 1983, 294 pages. |
Eck et al., “Direct Solar Steam in Parabolic Troughs—Simulation of Dynamic Behavior”, Presented at the 2007 Parabolic Trough Technology Workshop, Golden, Colorado, available at <http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/wkshp—2007.html>, Mar. 8-9, 2007, 25 pages. |
Eckstock, “Session Descriptions”, Proceedings of Eckstock, The Richard Stockton College New Jersey, Pomona, New Jersey, May 31-Jun. 2, 2006, pp. 1-55. |
Electrical News, “Quarterly Supplement for Electrical Engineers”, Electrical News, vol. 15, Feb. 2008, pp. 1-12. |
Elsaket, Gamal, “Simulating the Integrated Solar Combined Cycle for Power Plants Application in Libya”, Thesis for G. Elsaket for Cranfield University, Sep. 2007, 116 pages. |
EPRI, “Solar Augmented Steam Cycles for Coal Plants”, Electric Power Research Institute, Oct. 2008, 2 pages. |
European Office Action received for European Patent Application No. 08828772.7, mailed on Mar. 25, 2013, 7 pages. |
Office Action received for Mexican Patent Application No. MX/a/2010/002250, mailed on Apr. 1, 2013, 6 pages (3 pages of English Translation and 3 pages of Official copy). |
Office Action received for Mexican Patent Application No. MX/a/2010/002250, mailed on Aug. 28, 2013, 4 pages (1 page of English Translation and 3 pages of Official copy). |
Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 12/012,829, mailed on Jun. 28, 2013, 15 pages. |
Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 12/012,821, mailed on Oct. 16, 2013, 4 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20110005513 A1 | Jan 2011 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61007926 | Aug 2007 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 12012920 | Feb 2008 | US |
Child | 12675753 | US | |
Parent | 12012829 | Feb 2008 | US |
Child | 12012920 | US | |
Parent | 12012821 | Feb 2008 | US |
Child | 12012829 | US |