Patent Application
20240167353
Different types of downhole tools are deployed and set in a wellbore. For example,
The bridge plug 20 is then set downhole to isolate portions of the wellbore 10 so another zone 14b can be treated. Some bridge plugs 20 are retrievable from the wellbore 10, while others are intended to be permanently set. A retrievable bridge plug 20 can be set downhole using wireline, slickline, or coiled tubing and can temporarily isolate portions of the wellbore 10 for a treatment operation to be performed. Once the operation is completed, the bridge plug 20 can be retrieved.
In some implementations, the bridge plug 20 must be configured for a high expansion application in which a packing element 25 and slips 30 on the bridge plug 20 must expand a considerable amount in the annulus beyond the plug's outer diameter so the packing element 25 and slips 30 can engage with the casing 12. In these high expansion applications, the slips 30 travel completely outside of the outside diameter of the bridge plug 20, which can make setting the bridge plug 20 difficult or can compromise the setting integrity.
In the current linkage design, the linkages 34, 36 are attached at the ends of the slips 32 and are used to transfer the load of the tool to the slips and into the casing. The linkages 34, 36 that connect to the slips 32 are stressed while the slips 32 are expanded to engage against the surrounding casing. This design also requires specific lengths of the linkages 34, 36 for specific travel to ensure the slips are loaded correctly.
The subject matter of the present disclosure is directed to overcoming, or at least reducing the effects of, one or more of the problems set forth above.
A downhole tool disclosed herein comprises first and second cone elements, a carrier, and one or more slip elements. The first and second cone elements are disposed opposing one another on the downhole tool. At least one of the first and second cone elements is movable relative to the other of the first and second cone elements. The carrier is disposed on the downhole tool between the first and second cone elements. The one or more slip elements are disposed adjacent to the downhole tool. Each of the one or more slip elements has first and second portions and first and second linkages. The first portion is configured to engage the first cone element, and the second portion is configured to engage the second cone element. The first linkage is connected to the carrier and the first portion and is configured to articulate the first portion relative to the carrier. The second linkage is connected to the carrier and the second portion and is configured to articular the second portion relative to the carrier.
In a first arrangement, the first portion of the one or more slip elements can comprise one or more first slips disposed adjacent to the downhole tool between the carrier and the first cone element, and the second portion of the one or more slip elements can comprise one or more second slips disposed adjacent to the downhole tool between the carrier and the second cone element. Each of the slips having a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end is connected by the respective linkage to the carrier, and the distal end is configured to engage the respective cone element. Each respective linkage is configured to articulate the proximal end relative to the carrier.
As one alternative in the first arrangement, the first linkage can be a first link being hingedly connected to the proximal end of the respective first slip and being hingedly connected to the carrier. The second linkage can be a second link being hingedly connected to the proximal end of the respective second slip and being hingedly connected to the carrier.
In a further alternative, each of the one or more first and second slips can comprise side linkage arms, and each side linkage arm can be hingedly connected to a side of the respective slip and to an adjacent side of the respective link. For example, each of the side linkage arms can be hingedly connected by a hinge and slot connection to the respective slip.
As another alternative in the first arrangement, the first linkage can be a first bar being flexible. The first bar can be connected to the proximal end of the respective first slip and being connected to the carrier. The second linkage can also be a second bar being flexible, and the second bar can be connected to the proximal end of the respective second slip and being connected to the carrier.
In a second arrangement, the first portion of the one or more slip elements can be a first end of the one or more slip elements, and the second portion of the one or more slip elements can be a second end of the one or more slip elements. The first linkage can be a first link being hingedly connected to the carrier and being hingedly connected to the respective slip element toward the first end, and the second linkage can be a second link being hingedly connected to the carrier and being hingedly connected to the respective slip element toward the second end. In this second arrangement, each of the first and second links can be hingedly connected by a hinge and slot connection to the respective slip element.
For the downhole tool, the carrier can be movable longitudinally on the downhole tool. A plurality of the one or more slip elements can be arranged circumferentially about the downhole tool. The downhole tool can be selected from the group consisting of an anchor, a bridge plug, a packer, and a liner hanger.
For the downhole tool, each of the first and second cone elements can comprise: a first incline disposed on the downhole tool and being configured to engage the respective portion of the one or more slip elements; one or more flaps hingedly connected to the first incline; and a second incline disposed on the downhole tool adjacent to the first incline, the second incline being configured to engage the one or more flaps. The first incline can be movable relative to the carrier, and the second incline can be movable relative to the first incline.
A slip assembly disclosed herein is for use with a downhole tool having first and second cones. The slip assembly comprises a carrier, one or more first slips, and one or more second slips. The carrier is configured to position on the downhole tool between the first and second cones. The one or more first slips are configured to position adjacent to the downhole tool between the carrier and the first cone. Each of the one or more first slips has a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end is connected by a first linkage to the carrier, and the distal end is configured to engage the first cone. The one or more second slips are configured to position adjacent to the downhole tool between the carrier and the second cone. Each of the one or more second slips has a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end is connected by a second linkage to the carrier, and the distal end is configured to engage the second cone.
Another slip assembly disclosed herein is for use with a downhole tool having first and second cones. The slip assembly comprises a carrier and one or more slips. The carrier is configured to position on the downhole tool between the first and second cones. The one or more slips are configured to position adjacent to the downhole tool. Each of the one or more slips has first and second ends and first and second linkages. The first end is configured to engage the first cone, and the second end is configured to engage the second cone. The first linkage is hingedly connected to the carrier and is hingedly connected to the respective slip toward the first end. The second linkage is hingedly connected to the carrier and is hingedly connected to the respective slip toward the second end.
The foregoing summary is not intended to summarize each potential embodiment or every aspect of the present disclosure.
As a bridge plug, the tool 50 can further include a packing element (not shown). The tool 50 can be a wireline retrievable so the tool 50 can be deployed using wireline, slickline, or coiled tubing (not shown) connected by a wireline or hydraulic setting tool (not shown) to a desired point in a borehole casing (not shown). At the desired point, the tool 50 is set using the wireline or hydraulic setting tool (not shown). As the tool 50 is set, its slip assembly 100A engages against the casing or other surrounding tubing, and the tool's packer element (not shown) can isolate the annulus above and below the tool 50.
First and second cone assemblies or elements 60A-B are disposed opposing one another on the tool's mandrel 52. Being opposed, the inclined surfaces of the cone assembles 60A-B face one another toward a central area of the tool 50. At least one of the cone assemblies 60A-B is movable relative to the other, which can increase and decrease the distance between the assemblies 60A-B. As is typical, an actuator 54, which is only diagrammed here, on the tool 50 can move one or both of the cone assemblies 60A-B on the mandrel 50. Such an actuator 54 can be mechanical, hydraulic, or any other known mechanism.
The slip assembly 100A is disposed on the mandrel 52 between the cone assemblies 60A-B. The slip assembly 100A includes a carrier 110, slip elements or slips 120A-B, and linkages 130A-B. The carrier 110 is disposed on the mandrel 52. First slips 120A are disposed adjacent to the tool's mandrel 52 between the carrier 110 and the first cone assembly 60A. Each of the first slips 120A has a proximal end 122 and a distal end 124. The proximal end 122 is connected by a first link or linkage arm 130A to the carrier 110, and the distal end 124 is configured to engage the first cone assembly 60A.
In an opposing fashion, second slips 120B are disposed adjacent to the tool's mandrel 52 between the carrier 110 and the second cone assembly 60B. Each of the second slips 120B has a proximal end 122 and a distal end 124. The proximal end 122 is connected by a second link or linkage arm 130B to the carrier 110, and the distal end 124 is configured to engage the second cone assembly 60B.
In general, the slips 120A-B are preferably arranged around the circumference of the tool 50 to provide robust engagement. Sets of four slips 120A-B are shown, but more or less can be used. The carrier 110 is movable longitudinally on the tool's mandrel 52 and is held laterally adjacent to the mandrel 52. In general, the carrier can be a cylindrical collar or sleeve disposed on the mandrel 52. During setting as the distance between the cone assemblies 60A-B is decreased, the carrier 110 is allowed to move longitudinally along the mandrel 52, adjusting to shifting of the cone assemblies 60A-B and the slips 120A-B.
The links 130A-B shown here are linkage arms or bars. Each linkage arm 130A-B is hingedly connected by a hinge 132 to the proximal end 122 of the slip 120A-B and is hingedly connected by another hinge 131 to the carrier 110. Torsion springs (not shown) can be provided at either one or both of the hinges 131, 132 to bias the linkage arms 130A-B to lay flat against the mandrel 52. The torsion springs (not shown) can thereby urge the slip assembly 100A into the retracted position as shown in
For further stability, side linkage arms 134 can be hingedly connected to the sides of each respective slip 120A-B. As shown, the side linkage arms 134 can be hingedly connected at 135 to sides of each respective linkage arm 130A-B, although they could be hingedly connected to the carrier 110. These side linkage arms 130A-B can connect with a hinge and slot connection at 136 on the sides of the slip 120A-B. As will be appreciated, the hinge and slot connection 136 can include a hinge that can rotate and slide in a slot. As the slip 120A-B is extended outward, the side linkage arms 130A-B can stabilize the slips 120A-B circumferentially and can make the slips' surface parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tool 50.
Depending on the amount of expansion needed for the slips 120A-B beyond the outside dimension OD of the tool 50, the cone assemblies 60A-C can include one ramp, incline, wedge, or cone 62 against which the slips 120A-B engaged. The present example is configured for greater expansion of the slips 120A-B beyond the outside dimension OD of the tool 50. Therefore, both of the cone assemblies 60A-B have first and second ramps, inclines, wedges, or cones 62, 66 and have extensions or flaps 64.
As with the slips 120A-B, the cone assemblies 60A-B are disposed in opposing relation. For both assemblies 60A-B, the first inner cone 62 is disposed on the tool's mandrel 52 and has a first incline configured to engage the distal ends 124 of the respective slips 120A-B. The flaps 64 are hingedly connected to the outer edge of the first cone 62. The flaps 64 can be biased by torsion springs, beam springs, leaf springs, or other biasing elements that urge the flaps 64 to lay flat against the tool 50 and remain within the tool's outer diameter OD when deployed in a borehole. The second outer cone 66 is disposed on the tool's mandrel 52 adjacent to the inner cone 62. The outer cone 66 has a second incline configured to engage the flaps 64.
During deployment as shown in
Activation of the tool 50 is shown in
In one particular example, activation by the actuator 54 is generated from the uphole end toward the downhole end of the tool 50. During this activation, the downhole slip 130B is set first, and the uphole slip 130A is then set. To do this, the upper cone assembly 60A and the carrier 110 can ride together along the inner mandrel 52 during activation in the downhole direction. The lower slip 130B is allowed to ramp up the lower cone assembly 60B first. During continued activation in the downhole direction, the carrier 110 is sheared free, and the upper slip 130A can ramp up the cone 62 of the upper cone assembly 60A.
Either way, the distance between the cone assemblies 60A-B is reduced. The distal ends 124 of the slips 120A-B ride up the inclines of the inner cones 62, while the proximal ends 122 pivot on the linkage arms 130A-B. Additionally, the outer wedges 66 move toward the inner cones 62, and the flaps 64 engaged by the outer wedges 66 are fanned outward from the inner cones 62 so the slip's distal ends 124 can ride along additional incline provided by the flaps 64.
As can be seen, the slips 120A-B are supported at both ends 122, 124 and expand outward so that they are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tool 50. This allows for greater surface area of the slips 120A-B to engage surrounding casing surfaces. Likewise, the slips 120A-B are supported in countering directions so the engagement can resist uphole and downhole forces on the downhole tool 50.
Release of the slip assembly 100A can be achieved by deactivating the actuator 54 so that the distance between the cone assemblies 60A-B can be increased and the slips 120A-B can retract adjacent to the mandrel 52. As noted, springs (not shown) can be used to assist the retraction. For example, torsion springs can be used on the linkage arms 130A-B and on the flaps 64.
Again, the first and second cone assemblies 60A-B are disposed opposing one another on the tool's mandrel 52. Being opposed, the inclined surface of the cone assembles 60A-B face one another toward a central area of the tool 50. At least one of the cone assemblies 60A-B is movable relative to the other, which can increase and decrease the distance between the assemblies 60A-B. As is typical, an actuator 54 on the tool 50 can move one or both of the cone assemblies 60A-B on the mandrel 52. The actuator 54 can be mechanical, hydraulic, or any other known mechanism.
The slip assembly 100B is disposed on the mandrel 52 between the cone assemblies 60A-B. The slip assembly 100B includes a carrier 110, slips or slip elements 120C, and linkages 140A-B. The carrier 110 is disposed on the mandrel 52, and the slips 120C are disposed adjacent to the carrier 110. Each of the slips 120C has opposing first and second ends 126, 128, and each slip 120C connects by sets of links or linkage arms 140A-B to the carrier 110.
The first end 126 of each slip 120C is configured to engage the first cone assembly 60A, and the second end 128 is configured to engage the second cone assembly 60B. The first links 140A can include a pair of side linkage arms or bars hingedly connected at 141 to the carrier 110 and hingedly connected at 142 to each slip 120C toward the first end 126. Although not visible, a hinge and slot connection can be used at 142 to connect the link 140A to the slip 120C. As will be appreciated, the hinge and slot connection 142 can include a hinge that can rotate and slide in a slot. In a similar fashion, the second links 140B can include a pair of side linkage arms or bars hingedly connected to the carrier 110 and hingedly connected to each slip 120C toward the second end 128.
As shown in this example, the pairs of side linkage arms 140A-B are hingedly connected at 142 to opposing sides of each respective slip 120C, which can provide stability. In the present example, four linkage arms 140A-B are provided per slip 120C, but more or fewer arms and pivot points can be used provide travel for the slip assembly 100B. Springs 142 can be engaged between the linkage arms 140A-B and the slips 120C to bias the slips 120C against the mandrel 52.
In general, the slips 120C are preferably arranged around the circumference of the tool 50 to provide robust engagement. Four slips 120C are shown, but more or less can be used. As before, the carrier 110 can be movable longitudinally on the tool's mandrel 52 and can be held laterally adjacent to the mandrel 52. Additionally, both of the cone assemblies 60A-B can have first and second cones 62, 66 and can have extensions or flaps 64.
During deployment as shown in
Activation of the tool 50 is shown in
Either way, the distance between the cone assemblies 60A-B is reduced. The ends 126, 128 of the slips 120C ride up the inclines of the inner cones 62, while the slips 120C are balanced by the pivoting linkage arms 140A-B. Additionally, the outer wedges 66 move toward the inner cones 62, and the flaps 64 are fanned outward from the inner cones 62 so the ends 126, 128 can ride along additional incline provided by the flaps 64.
As can be seen, the slips 120C are supported at both ends 126, 128 and expand outward so that they are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tool 50. This allows for greater surface area of the slips 120C to engage surrounding casing surfaces. Likewise, the slips 120C are supported in countering directions so the engagement can resist uphole and downhole forces on the tool 50.
Release of the slip assembly 100B can be achieved by deactivating the actuator 54 so that the distance between the cone assemblies 60A-B can be increased and the slips 120C can retract adjacent to the mandrel 52. As noted, springs can be used to assist the retraction. For example, the springs 142 can be used on the linkage arms 140A-B, and torsion springs, beam springs, leaf springs, or other biasing elements (not shown) can be used on the flaps 64.
Again, the first and second cone assemblies 60A-B are disposed opposing one another on the tool's mandrel 52. Being opposed, the inclined surface of the cone assembles 60A-B face one another toward a central area of the tool 50. At least one of the cone assemblies 60A-B is movable relative to the other, which can increase and decrease the distance between the assemblies 60A-B. As is typical, an actuator 54, which is only diagrammed here, on the tool 50 can move one or both of the cone assemblies 60A-B on the mandrel 50. The actuator 54 can be mechanical, hydraulic, or any other known mechanism. As disclosed in general here, the downhole tool 50 can be a bridge plug and can further include a packer element (not shown).
The slip assembly 100C is disposed on the mandrel 52 between the cone assemblies 60A-B. The slip assembly 100C includes a carrier 110, slip elements or slips 120A-B, and linkages 150A-B. The carrier 110 is disposed on the mandrel 52, and the slips 120A-B are disposed adjacent to the carrier 110. Distal ends of the slips 120A-B are configured to engage the respective cone assemblies 60A-B.
Each of the slips 120A-B has a proximal end connected by a linkage 150A-B to the carrier 110. The linkages 150A-B include flexible arms, such as leaf springs or spring bars, connected between the carrier 110 and the slips 120A-B.
In general, the slips 120A-B are preferably arranged around the circumference of the tool 50 to provide robust engagement. Sets of four slips 120A-B are shown, but more or less can be used. As before, the carrier 110 can be movable longitudinally on the tool's mandrel 52 and can be held laterally adjacent to the mandrel 52. Additionally, both of the cone assemblies 60A-B can have first and second wedges or cones 62, 66 and can have extensions or flaps 64.
During deployment as shown in
Activation of the tool 50 is shown in
Either way, the distance between the cone assemblies 60A-B is reduced. The distal ends of the slips 120A-B ride up the inclines of the inner cones 62, while the slips 120C flex outward on the flexible arms 150A-B. Additionally, the outer wedges 66 move toward the inner cones 62, and the flaps 64 are fanned outward from the inner cones 62 so the slips' distal ends can ride along additional incline provided by the flaps 64.
As can be seen, the slips 120A-B are supported at both ends and expand outward so that they are general parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tool 50. This allows for greater surface area of the slips 120A-B to engage surrounding casing surfaces. Likewise, the slips 120A-B are supported in countering directions so the engagement can resist uphole and downhole forces on the tool 50.
Release of the slip assembly 100C can be achieved by deactivating the actuator 54 so that the distance between the cone assemblies 60A-B can be increased and the slips 120A-B can retract adjacent to the mandrel 52. The flexible arms 150A-B assist in this retraction.
As can be seen, each slip assembly 100A-C disclosed herein includes a center carrier 110 and slips 120A-C. Each slip 120A-C is attached to the center carrier 110 by a linkage 130, 140, 150 (e.g., link, linkage arm, side linkage arm, a spring bar, etc.). Each slip 120A-C is activated by and loaded on an inclined surface of a cone 62.
This allows the slips 120A-C to expand outward on the cone 62 instead of being loaded solely through the linkages 130, 140, 150. The linkages 130, 140, 150 allow the slips 120A-C to expand past the outside dimension OD of the tool 50 while still being connected to the tool 50 at a central location on the carrier 110.
In this disclosed slip assemblies 100A-C, the linkages 130, 140, 150 are instead attached to the slips 120A-C in such a way that the linkages 130, 140, 150 are used to connect and stabilize the slips 120A-C to the tool 50. The slips 120A-C are allowed to expand to the casing while riding up the ramps or inclined surfaces of the cones 62. One link design can be used for multiple inner dimensions of casing or tubing while keeping the load angle between the tool 50 and the slips 120A-C the same for all inner dimensions. Additionally, loading through the cones 62 provides more contact area between the slips 120A-C and the tool 50. Due to the way the slips 120A-C travel and are connected, this provides a more reliable contact between the slips 120A-C and the casing.
Ultimately, the disclosed slip assemblies 100A-C address the issue of retaining a slip to a tool in high expansion applications. The disclosed slip assemblies 100A-C allow a slip to travel completely outside of the outside diameter of the tool 50 while still being retained to the tool 50. Additionally, the disclosed slip assemblies 100A-C allow for a standard engagement of the slip 120A-C to the cone 62 to transmit loads to the casing or tubing.
The foregoing description of preferred and other embodiments is not intended to limit or restrict the scope or applicability of the inventive concepts conceived of by the Applicants. It will be appreciated with the benefit of the present disclosure that features described above in accordance with any embodiment or aspect of the disclosed subject matter can be utilized, either alone or in combination, with any other described feature, in any other embodiment or aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
In exchange for disclosing the inventive concepts contained herein, the Applicants desire all patent rights afforded by the appended claims. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims include all modifications and alterations to the full extent that they come within the scope of the following claims or the equivalents thereof.
