The present disclosure relates to solar power generation systems, and more particularly, to solar tracker systems for adjusting the orientation of the solar power generation components to track the location of the sun.
Solar cells and solar panels are most efficient in sunny conditions when oriented towards the sun at a certain angle. Many solar panel systems are designed in combination with solar trackers, which follow the sun's trajectory across the sky from east to west in order to maximize the electrical generation capabilities of the systems. The relatively low energy produced by a single solar cell requires the use of thousands of solar cells, arranged in an array, to generate energy in sufficient magnitude to be usable, for example as part of an energy grid. As a result, solar trackers have been developed that are quite large, spanning hundreds of feet in length.
Adjusting massive solar trackers requires power to drive the solar array as it follows the sun. As will be appreciated, the greater the load, the greater the amount of power necessary to drive the solar tracker. An additional design constraint of such systems is the rigidity required to accommodate the weight of the solar arrays and at times significant wind loading.
Further, the torsional excitation caused by wind loading exerts significant force upon the structure for supporting and the mechanisms for articulating the solar tracker. As such, increases in the size and number of components to reduce torsional excitation are required at varying locations along the length of the solar tracker. The present disclosure seeks to address the shortcomings of prior tracker systems.
One aspect of the disclosure is directed to a solar tracker system including at least two solar trackers arranged substantially in parallel, each solar tracker including a torque tube and a plurality of piers supporting the torque tube; a drive mechanism mounted on one of the plurality of piers associated with a first of the at least two solar trackers to rotate the first of the at least two solar trackers; a pulley mounted on each torque tube of the at least two solar trackers; and a cable connecting the pulley of the first of the at least two solar trackers to the pulley of a second of the at least two solar trackers, where rotation of the first of the at least two solar trackers is translated to the second of the at least two solar trackers via the cable. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods and systems described herein.
Implementations of this aspect of the disclosure may include one or more of the following features. The solar tracker system further including two cables, one configured to connect on top of the torque tubes of the at least two solar trackers and one configured to connect below the torque tubes of the at least two solar trackers. The solar tracker system further including a fastener connected to each end of the two cables and configured to secure the two cables to the pulley mounted on each torque tube of the at least two solar trackers. The pulley mounted on each solar tracker is mounted near a mid-point of the at least two solar trackers. The solar tracker system where the pulley mounted on each solar tracker is mounted near an end of the at least two solar trackers. The solar tracker system further including a plurality of pulleys mounted on each torque tube of the at least two solar trackers. The solar tracker system further including a pair of cables connecting the plurality of pulleys mounted on the torque tube of a first of the at least two solar trackers to the plurality of pulleys mounted on the torque tube of the second of the at least two solar trackers. The solar tracker system further including at least one pulley mounted on a first pier of the plurality of piers supporting the first of the at least two solar trackers and at least one pulley mounted on a first pier of the plurality of piers supporting the second of the at least two solar trackers. The solar tracker system further including a cable connecting the pulley mounted on the torque tube of the first of the at least two solar trackers to the pulley mounted on the first pier of the plurality of piers supporting the first of the at least two solar trackers. The solar tracker system further including a cable connecting the pulley mounted on the torque tube of the first of the at least two solar trackers to the pulley mounted on the first pier of the plurality of piers supporting the second of the at least two solar trackers. Implementations of the described techniques may include hardware, a method or process, or computer software on a computer-accessible medium, including software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions.
Various aspects and features of the present disclosure are described hereinbelow with reference to the drawings, wherein:
As will be appreciated, when the drive mechanism 16 is energized, the motor overcomes the forces of gravity and any wind loading experienced by the solar tracker 10 to drive the solar tracker 10 to a desired orientation to maximize the solar energy collection capabilities of the solar modules 12 mounted on the torque tube 14. The solar tracker is formed such that a plurality of bays 20 are formed, each bay 20 defined by the distance between piers 18.
At each pier 18 is either a bearing 22 or the drive mechanism 16. Each of the bearings 22 and the drive mechanism 16 are supported by one of the piers 18. Activation of the drive mechanism 16 rotates the torque tube 14 about an axis of rotation and thus rotates the solar modules 12 mounted to the torque tube 14 such that the solar modules can be oriented to a desired position. That desired position may be to a position to capture maximum sunlight based on the location of the sun in the sky, that position may be to a 0-angle position during times of diffuse light, the desired position may be a safety position based on weather conditions such as high winds or a snow storm, or any position in between as desired by the operators of the solar power plant in which the solar tracker 10 is located given the current weather and atmospheric conditions, the current demands of the grid, and other factors. The bearings 22 reduce to the extent possible the resistance to movement of the torque tube 14 and the solar modules 12.
The torque tube 14 is sized (e.g., diameter, wall thickness, material) such that sag between the piers 18 is reduced or substantially eliminated and to absorb torsional loads applied to the torque tube 14 by wind loading. In addition, since there is just a single drive mechanism 16, the specifications for the torque tube 14 must also seek to eliminate twist of the torque tube 14 along its length. Any twist would result in the solar modules being oriented differently from what is desired, and thus again reduce the output and efficiency of the solar tracker 10, particularly, as the solar tracker is rotated to the extreme angles of permitted range (e.g., +/−60 degrees or more).
In practice, each solar tracker 10, of which there may be hundreds in a given solar power plant, is driven by a single drive mechanism 16. However, this arrangement requires that each solar tracker 10 be individually controlled. There are additional costs with providing a drive mechanism 16 for each solar tracker, in addition there is not insignificant coordination required to control each solar tracker 10 individually to ensure that each solar tracker rotates to follow the sun or move to a stow position. Accordingly, this disclosure is directed at addressing some of these issues.
The linkage 24 is formed of two lever arms 26, each rigidly attached to one of the torque tubes 14. A pin 28 connects each lever arm 26 to a tube 30 which spans between the torque tubes 14 and the solar trackers 10.
The drive mechanism 16 may be placed on any of the linked trackers 10.
One of the challenges of the use of the linkage 24 is that it limits the accessibility between the solar trackers 10. The limitation of accessibility provides challenges to mowing and other activities that occur between the solar trackers 10. However, the benefits of the linkage in the operation of the solar trackers 10 can outweigh these limitations, further, by limiting the length of the lever arms 26, the limitations on accessibility may be minimized.
Though depicted in
Another aspect of the disclosure is the positioning of the holes 32 in the tube 30 and a collar portion 34 of the lever arms 26. The collar portions 34 may be secured first to the tube 30, and then just a single through bolt, which traverses the collar portion 34 and the tube 30, is needed to connect the tubes 30 to the lever arm 26, that through bolt forming the pin 28, as described above. Some of the holes 32 may be drilled in the collar portion 34 in a uniform or skip pitch. A second set of holes 32 may be drilled on the perpendicular plane with a staggered pitch. Having two sets of holes facilitates adjustability of the tube 30 with respect to the lever arms 26. This may be particularly useful in instances where there are changes in pitch and elevation between solar trackers 10. As with the torque tube 14, the cross-sectional geometry of the tube 30 can be circular (as shown) or alternatively rectangular, square, hexagonal, D-shaped, triple-D, and others.
The solar tracker 10 may be self-powered via a smart panel 36, which provides power and also energy generation data that can be analyzed by a controller (not shown) to assess the solar radiation levels impacting the solar modules 12.
As with other variants described herein the cables 38, and lever arms 26 may be at any location along the length of the solar tracker 10. In some aspects the cables 38 and lever arms 26 are located at one or both ends of the solar tracker, and in other instances may be located at a center of the solar tracker, for example near the drive mechanism 16 of the solar tracker 10 and the central bearing of a driven solar tracker 10.
As will be appreciated, by tensioning the cables 38 the stability of both solar trackers 10 is increased and vibrations along the length of the solar tracker 10 (e.g., as caused by the wind) can be reduced. Placement of the cables 38 and the lever arms 26 at the ends of the solar tracker 10 enhances the stabilization of the solar trackers 10.
The cables 38 may include a fasteners which are secured to one end of the cable 38. The fasteners may be secured via welding, swaging, or crimp connections, and other without departing from the scope of the disclosure. As shown in
As with other aspects of the disclosure, the pulleys 42 and the cables 38 may be installed in a variety of locations along the length of the solar tracker 10, and also in multiple locations to ensure smooth transfer of motion from the drive mechanism 16 of one solar tracker 10 to the other solar trackers 10. For example, the pulleys 42 and cables 38 may be installed on both ends of the solar tracker 10 and/or near the drive mechanism 16. Further, because of the tensioning, the use of the cables 38 may reduce or eliminate the need for dampers on the solar trackers 10 to combat movement caused by the wind flowing over the solar modules 12 of the solar tracker 10.
The aspects described in connection with
As with other aspects of the disclosure, the cables 38 and the pulleys 42 may be located at any point along the length of the solar tracker 10 at which a pier 18 is located. The cables 38 descending from the torque tubes 14 are in series with the cable 38 extending between piers 18.
Though described as pulleys 42, the pulleys may be standard or custom-made pulleys or sprockets or combination thereof. The cables 38 may be formed of wire (e.g., steel wire), chain, and other natural or synthetic ropes described herein. The cables 38 are tensioned as described above to ensure transfer of movement from the drive mechanism 16 to neighboring solar trackers 10. The pulleys or sprockets or combinations may be formed to be secured on torque tubes of different cross-section including square, rectangle, D-shaped, round, and others.
A flexible mechanical joint can employed on the pulleys 42 on either solar tracker 10 to facilitate overcoming any misalignment between the solar tracker 10 caused due to construction tolerance in the installation of the foundation piles.
While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/466,899, filed May 16, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63466899 | May 2023 | US |