A liquid azo dye represented by the formula: ##STR1## (wherein, A stands for a phenylene group which may have a substituent, n is o or 1, Cp is a pyrazolone derivative residue or a naphthol derivative residue, X is --NH-- or --COO-- and R is an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms).
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid dye which is used for writing ink, recording ink, stamping ink and the like. In particular, it relates to an azo type liquid dye having good solubility with organic solvents such as alcohols and glycols and an ink composition containing the same. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, as ink used for writing and recording on a material to be recorded, such as paper, or for ink-jet printing, various dyes or pigments which are dissolved or dispersed in liquid medium or binder have been used. The ink obtained by dispersing organic pigment in a solvent has advantage in excellent fastness such as light fastness. However, the pigment in this ink deposits or agglomerates with time and special treatment in dispersion process is therefore necessary. Oil ink obtained by dissolving a dye in an organic solvent (e.g. hydrocarbons) is more profitable as it does not require such troublesome dispersion process. In this ink, however it has recently been desired that the organic solvent is changed to alcohols or glycols which are low toxicity to human body and therefore the dye has excellent solubility with alcohol. As the dyes which satisfy such demand as much as possible, there are known various alcohol soluble dyes, for instance, a salt of basic dye and acid dye, a basic dye treated by fatty acid etc., a metal complex dye having a water soluble group such as a sulfonic group or an acid dye treated by an organic amine. However, the oil ink using the above listed alcohol soluble dyes (for instance, amine salt dye of acid yellow 23, 42; acid red 73, 180; direct blue 87; acid black 52 or salt-forming dye using basic dye such as auramine, rhodamine, victoria blue, methyl violet, etc.) are not satisfactory in regard to stability of ink and fastness of written image (light fastness, water resistance etc.), resulting in that the dye deposits with time or the ink increases viscosity when environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity change. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above situation and the first objective of the present invention is to provide a liquid azo dye having excellent solubility with organic solvents, especially alcohols and glycols. The second objective of the present invention is to provide a dye composition and an ink composition using alcoholic solvent, which has stability with time and stability with change of environment such as temperature and humidity. The present inventors have found that liquid azo dyes obtained by introducing sec-butylphenyl azo group and glycidyl ether reaction residue into the structure of the dyes have a highly preferred alcohol solubility and exhibit excellent effect as coloring agent of oil ink used for a writing pen such as a ball-point pen or a marking pen and thus accomplished the present invention. The present invention provides a liquid azo dye represented by the formula: ##STR2## (wherein, A stands for a phenylene group which may have a substituent, n is o or 1, Cp is a pyrazolone derivative residue or a naphthol derivative residue, X is --NH-- or --COO-- and R is an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms). The present invention also provides a dye composition and an ink composition containing the above liquid azo dye. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides in particular the liquid azo dyes represented by the following formulae 1-4: ##STR3## The first liquid azo dye of the present invention is obtained by diazotizing sec-butylaniline and coupling it with the following coupler (i): ##STR4## The second liquid azo dye of the present invention is obtained by diazotizing sec-butyl aniline and coupling it with the following coupler (ii): ##STR5## The third liquid azo dye of the present invention is obtained by diazotizing sec-butylaniline and coupling it with the following coupler (iii): ##STR6## The fourth liquid azo dye of the present invention is obtained by diazotizing an aminoazo compound having the following structure which is obtained by diazotizing coupling of sec-butylaniline and p-cresidine (3-amino-4-methoxytoluene), ##STR7## and then coupling with the following coupler (iv): ##STR8## The azo dye of the present invention is obtained in the form of viscous oil which contains, as an indispensable chemical structure, a sec-butylphenyl azo group introduced by the diazotization of sec-butylaniline. The azo dye of the present invention also contains a glycidyl ether reaction residue: --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 OR and its solubility with alcohol type solvents is drastically improved. The azo dye of the present invention is alternatively obtained by reacting a glycidyl ether with a mono- or disazo-dye which contains sec-butylphenylazo group and at least one active hydrogen containing group selected from an amino group and a carboxyl group. The coupler components used in the synthesis of the liquid azo dye of the present invention are obtained by reacting a compound containing at least one active hydrogen containing group such as amino group or carboxyl group (for instance, 1-(3-aminophenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, 1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylic acid, 7-(tert-butyl)-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid, 1-amino-7-naphthol) with a glycidyl ether (for instance, propyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, octyl glycidyl ether, dodecyl glycidyl ether) in the presence of basic catalyst (for instance, alkanol amine such as diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-methyl-N,N-diethanolamine) at 80.degree.-85.degree. C. for more than 8 hours. In the present invention, the coupler component used for the aforesaid reaction is used without isolating it from the reaction system but eliminating unreacted glycidyl ether and the catalyst by such means as water washing. Since the azo dye of the present invention is obtained in the form of viscous oil, the reaction product is washed with hot water and after separation, it is dissolved in alcohol solvent, filtered and purified by thin film distillation. In the industrial practice, after washing the reaction product with hot water, it is dissolved in alcohol type solvent and in some cases it is filtered to obtain the final product in the form of concentrated (over 50 wt %) dye composition. The present invention also provides an ink composition containing the liquid azo dye of the present invention or the concentrated azo dye composition of the present invention. The liquid medium of the ink composition is mainly made of alcohols and/or glycols (including glycol ether or ester). Examples of the alcohols and glycols are monovalent alcohol (for instance, alcohols such as ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, amyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, etc.; monoalkyl ether of glycols such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, etc.; monoacetate of glycols such as ethylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monoacetate etc.), divalent alcohol (for instance, glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, trinethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butane diol), and the like. A hydrophyllic organic solvent such as methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate may be used with the above mentioned alcohol type solvent. According to the present invention, an ink which has no environmental or hygienic problem can be obtained by using a mixture of low or no toxic alcohols such as ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, phenyl glycol, propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and lactic acid ester. The ink composition of the present invention is obtained by dissolving (e.g. under heating) 1-30 wt %, preferably 5-10 wt % of the liquid azo dye of the present invention into the liquid medium comprising 60-95 wt %, preferably 75-85 wt % of the aforesaid organic solvent and 5-15 wt %, preferably 8-12 wt % of a binder resin, based on the total weight of the ink composition and then filtering it. If necessary, small amount of additives such as nonionic surfactant, anticorrosive agent may be added. A content of dye is not restricted, but varies according to the usage of the ink. Generally, it is 15-25 wt % for ball-point pens, 5-15 wt % for marking pens and 3-10 wt % for ink jet recording. The binder resin for the ink composition of the present invention may be almost any kind of a resin which is soluble in alcohol. Examples of the resins are a low condensate of vinyl pyrrolidone, an alkyd resin, an acrylic resin, a phenolic resin, a styrene-maleic resin, a ketone resin, a rosin resin, etc. The azo dye of the present invention contains sec-butylphenyl azo group and glycidyl ether reaction residue and has an excellent solubility in alcohols and glycols. The azo dye of the present invention may be prepared, upon necessity, as a concentrated alcohol dye composition and may be used for various oil ink. The ink for writing utensils using the azo dye of the present invention is free from degeneration of deposition of dye due to change of environment such as temperature or humidity and it has an excellent time stability and fastness of written image when compared to the salt forming dye made of amines or basic dye. The present invention provides a pollution-free ink using alcoholic solvent as the main ink solvent.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram to show high speed liquid chromatogram of Example dye (1). FIG. 2 is a diagram to show visible absorbance spectrum of Example dye (1). FIG. 3 is a diagram to show high speed liquid chromatogram of Example dye (3). FIG. 4 is a diagram to show visible absorbance spectrum of Example dye (3). FIG. 5 is a diagram to show high speed liquid chromatogram of Example dye (5). FIG. 6 is a diagram to shown visible absorbance spectrum of Example dye (5).
EXAMPLES The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the Examples. These Examples should not be interpreted to restrict the present invention. In the Examples, "part" means part by weight and "mol" in the parenthesis is on 100% basis. EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of example dye (1) According to the normal method, 30 parts (0.2 mol) of p-(sec-butyl)aniline was diazotized at 0.degree. C. Separately, 20 parts of diethanolamine was added to 38 parts (0.2 mol) of 1-(3-aminophenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and 52 parts (0.4 mol) of butyl glycidyl ether and reacted at 80.degree.-85.degree. C. under stirring for 8 hrs. The obtained oily (resinous) reaction product was washed with hot water, dissolved by addition of sodium hydroxide and after making it an aqueous solution, the above obtained diazotizing liquid was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred for 3 hrs at 5.degree.-15.degree. C. The resulting oily product was washed with hot water (three times) and then dissolved in 200 parts of ethanol. After filtering, it was then purified by molecular distiller (Type 2-03 type thin film distiller manufactured by Shinko Faudler Co.) to obtain 80 parts of yellow liquid dye. The results of analysis of the obtained liquid dye by high speed liquid chromatograph (HPLC) are shown in FIG. 1. ______________________________________(Analytical conditions of HPLC)Column; L-Column (.phi.4.6 mm .times. 150 mm)CarrierMobile phaseA liquid B liquid______________________________________Dioxane 60 ml Dioxane 90 mlWater 40 ml Water 10 mlTriethanol 0.1 ml Triethanol 0.1 mlamine amineAcetic acid 0.3 ml Acetic acid 0.3 ml______________________________________Linear gradient conditionInitial condition - Final condition______________________________________A liquid 80% A liquid 10%B liquid 20% B liquid 90%Column temperature: 50.degree. C.Flow rate: 1.2 ml/min.Detecting wavelength: 404 nmPreparation of sample: 0.1 ml of liquid dye isdissolved in 10 ml of carrier B liquid toprepare the analytical test solution.______________________________________ Analysis was made by using 5 .mu.l of analytical test solution. Structural formula, color shade and maximum absorbance wavelength (.lambda.max) of thus obtained dye are shown below. Visible absorbance spectrum (solvent: methanol) is shown in FIG. 2. Example of dye (1): Yellow 404 nm ##STR9## Example 2 Synthesis of example dye (2) Except that 38 parts (0.2 mol) of 1-(3-aminophenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone was replaced for 69 parts (0.2 mol) of 1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylic acid, the rest of the process was conducted in the same way as in Example 1 and the liquid dye indicated below was obtained. Example dye (2): Yellow 402 nm ##STR10## Example 3 Synthesis of example dye (3) 30 parts (0.2 mol) of p-(sec-butyl) aniline was diazotized at 0.degree. C. according to the ordinary method. Separately, 6 parts of diethanolamine was added to 50 parts (0.2 mol) of 7-(tert-butyl)-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid and 52 parts (0.4 mol) of butyl glycidyl ether and the mixture was stirred at 80.degree.-85.degree. C. for 15 hrs. to cause reaction. The obtained oily (resinous) reaction product was washed with hot water and dissolved by addition of sodium hydroxide and after making it into an aqueous solution, the above obtained diazotized liquid was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred for 3 hrs. at 5.degree.-15.degree. C. The obtained oily matter was washed with hot water (3 times) and dissolved in 300 parts of ethanol and after filtration, it was distilled by thin film distillation to obtain 90 parts of red liquid dye. In the same manner as in Example 1, the product was analyzed by HPLC (detecting wavelength: 510 nm). The results are shown in FIG. 3. Structural formula, color and maximum absorbance wavelength (.lambda.max) of the obtained dye are shown below. Visible absorbance spectrum (solvent: methanol) of this dye is shown in FIG. 4. Example of dye (3): Red 512 nm ##STR11## EXAMPLE 4 Synthesis of Example dye (4) Except that 52 parts (0.4 mol) of butyl glycidyl ether was replaced for 75 parts (0.4 mol) of octyl glycidyl ether, the process was conducted in the same manner as in Example 3 and the liquid dye as shown below was obtained. Example dye (4): Red 512 nm ##STR12## EXAMPLE 5 Synthesis of example dye (5) 30 parts (0.2 mol) of p-(sec-butyl)aniline was diazotized at 0.degree. C. according to the ordinary method. Separately, the diazotized liquid of sec-butylaniline was added dropwise in the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution of 28 parts (0.2 mol) of p-cresidine and it was subject to acid coupling at 0.degree.-5.degree. C. for 10 hrs. to obtain a monoazotized compound, followed by diazotization at 10.degree.-15.degree. C. by the ordinary method. Separately, 5 parts of diethanolamine was added to 32 parts (0.2 mol) of 1-amino-7-naphthol and 52 parts (0.4 mol) of butyl glycidyl ether and stirred at 80.degree.-85.degree. C. for 16 hrs. to react. The resulting liquid reaction product was washed with hot water, sodium hydroxide was added thereto to make it alkali aqueous solution, the aforesaid monodiazo liquid was added thereto and the mixture was stirred at 5.degree.-15.degree. C. for 3 hrs. The resulting oily matter was washed with hot water (3 times) and it was dissolved in 200 parts of ethanol, the solution was filtered and the filtrate was subject to thin film distillation to obtain 70 parts of purple colored liquid dye. In the same way as in Example 1, the product was analyzed by HPLC analysis (detecting wavelength: 568 nm). The results are shown in FIG. 5. The structural formula, color shade and maximum absorbance wavelength (.lambda.max) of the obtained dye is shown below. The visible absorbance spectrum (solvent: methanol) of this dye is shown in FIG. 6. Example dye (5): Purple 568 nm ##STR13## EXAMPLE 6 Synthesis of Example dye (6) Except that 52 parts (0.4 mol) of butyl glycidyl ether was replaced for 97 parts (0.4 mol) of dodecyl glycidyl ether, the rest of the process was conducted in the same manner as in Example 5 and the liquid dye shown below was obtained. Example dye (6) Purple 568 nm ##STR14## COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 Japanese Kokai publication Sho 63-75068 discloses a dye composition which is soluble in alcohol and obtained by reacting the dye having active hydrogen containing group (for instance NH.sub.2, COOH, OH) with an epoxy compound. For instance, the solubility of the azo dye (comparative example dye (1)) of the following structure in n-propyl alcohol was not more than around 30% (w/w). Dye of comparative example (1): Yellow ##STR15## COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 Japanese Kokai Publication Sho 55-99959 discloses an azo dye which employs long chain alkyl-substituted aniline for diazo component and a compound having a carboxylic group as the coupler. For instance, the azo dye of the following structure (comparative example dye (2)) little dissolves in lower alcohol type solvent and dissolves only by about 5% (w/w) in such solvent as ligroin, toluene and xylene. Comparative example dye (2): Red ##STR16## COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 The solubility of the following salt-forming dye (comparative example dye (3)) of an acid dye and a basic dye with the glycol type solvent is fairly good but the stability with time of the ink made of it and water resistance of hologram are inferior. Comparative example dye (3): Purple Salt-forming dye of C.I. Acid Yellow 42 and Basic Violet Solubility comparing test Table 1 shows the solubility of the liquid dyes (Examples of dye (1)-(6)) and the dyes of Comparative Example 1-3 with alcoholic organic solvent. The values shown in Table 1 are the solubility of the respective dye in each solvent in terms of wt %. TABLE 1______________________________________ Mixture of phenyleneglycol/ Ethylene benzyl alcohol/oleicDye No. Ethanol n-Propanol glycol acid = 4/1/1______________________________________Ex. 1 50< 50< 50< 50Ex. 2 50< 50< 50< 50Ex. 3 50< 50< 50< 50Ex. 4 50< 50< 50< 50Ex. 5 50< 50< 50< 50Ex. 6 50< 50< 50< 50Comp. 10 30 30 30Ex. 1Comp. <1 <1 20 20Ex. 2Comp. <1 <1 10 30Ex. 1______________________________________ Method of solubility test The dye was added into 100 parts of the solvent while stirring it by magnet stirrer and spot it on a filter paper (Toyo Roshi No. 2) and a saturated concentration was investigated. The sample which uses ethylene glycol or a mixed solvent was heated to 60.degree.-70.degree. C., to which the dye was added for determination of solubility. Ink for alcohol marker pen ______________________________________Example A______________________________________Example dye (1) 7 partsEthanol 68 partsBenzyl alcohol 5 partsEthyl lactate 10 partsPhenolic resin 10 parts______________________________________ The above ingredients were uniformly mixed and dissolved at 40.degree. C. to prepare an yellow ink. When stability with time of this ink was checked by low temperature/high temperature incubator (Tradename: INCUBATOR, manufactured by Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.), deposition of dye and etc. and increase of viscosity of ink were not observed even in 3 months test (temperature range was -10.degree.-50.degree. C., repetition was made at every 60 minutes). Water resistance and light fastness of written image were good as shown in Table 2. ______________________________________Example B______________________________________Example dye (3) 8 partsEthanol 59 partsn-propanol 10 partsBenzyl alcohol 5 partsEthyl lactate 10 partsKetone resin 10 parts______________________________________ When the above ingredients were uniformly mixed and dissolved at 60.degree. C. and precisely filtered red ink was obtained. When stability with time was checked in the same way as in Example A, deposition of dye and etc. and increase of viscosity of ink were not observed. Water resistance and light fastness of written image were good as shown in Table 2. ______________________________________Example C______________________________________Example dye (5) 10 partsEthanol 65 partsBenzyl alcohol 5 partsEthyl lactate 10 partsPhenolic resin 10 parts______________________________________ The above ingredients were uniformly mixed and dissolved at 60.degree. C. and precisely filtered to obtain a purple ink. When stability with time was checked, deposition of dye and etc. and increase of viscosity were not observed. Water resistance and light fastness of written image were good as shown in Table 1. Oil ink for ball-point pens ______________________________________Example D______________________________________Example dye (1) 5 partsExample dye (4) 20 partsPhenyl glycol 39 partsBenzyl alcohol 9 partsActivating agent*.sup.1 5 partsPolyvinyl pyrrolidone 2 partsKetone resin*.sup.2 20 parts______________________________________ *.sup.1 Tradename: Prysurf P208 manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co. Ltd. *.sup.2 Tradename: Hilac, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co. The aforesaid ingredients were uniformly mixed and dissolved at 60.degree. C. and precisely filtered to obtain a red ink. When stability with time was checked in the same manner as in Example A, deposition of dye and etc. and increase of viscosity were not observed. Water resistance and light fastness of written image good as shown in Table 2. ______________________________________Example E______________________________________Example dye (2) 5 partsExample dye (5) 30 partsPhenyl glycol 30 partsBenzyl alcohol 8 partsActivating agent*.sup.1 5 partsPolyvinyl pyrrolidone 2 partsKetone resin*.sup.2 20 parts______________________________________ The above ingredients were uniformly mixed and dissolved at 60.degree. C. and precisely filtered to obtain a black ink. When stability with time was checked in the same manner as in Example A, deposition of dye and etc. and increase of viscosity were not observed. Water resistance and light fastness of written image were good as shown in Table 2. TABLE 2______________________________________ Stability with LightExample time (-10.degree. C./-10 Water resistance resistance ofNo. to 50.degree. C.) of written image written image______________________________________Ex. A Excellent/Excellent Good GoodEx. B Excellent/Excellent Excellent GoodEx. C Excellent/Excellent Excellent GoodEx. D Excellent/Excellent Excellent GoodEx. E Excellent/Excellent Excellent Good______________________________________ 30 ml of ink was taken into a glass bottle and its stability was tested in a low temperature/high temperature incubator (Tradename: INCUBATOR, manufactured by Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.) for 3 months and deposition of dye and etc. and increase of viscosity of ink were checked and evaluated. ______________________________________ Evaluation: : Excellent : Good (Water resistance test/evaluation)______________________________________ Ink was set in a pen and writing was made on a JIS P3201 (writing paper) and after 30 minutes writing, it was immersed in distilled water for 24 hrs., taken out and dried by air blow and written trace was checked and evaluated. ______________________________________ Evaluation: : Excellent : Good (Light fastness test/evaluation)______________________________________ Ink was set in a pen and writing was made on JIS P3201 (writing paper) and then it was irradiated by light for 5 hrs. in a Long Life Fade Meter (carbon arc type) and the written trace was observed and evaluated. ______________________________________ Evaluation: : Excellent : Good Ink for Comparative Example (a)______________________________________ Except that the example of the dye (3) of the present invention used in Example B was substituted by example of dye (2), a red ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example B. The obtained ink was not suitable for as alcohol marker pens. Comparative Example (b) Except that the example dye (5) of the present invention used in Example C was replaced by Comparative example dye (3), the process was conducted in the same manner as in Example C to obtain a purple ink. The obtained ink was unsuitable under the changing environment such as change of temperature and humidity and holograph with good water resistance was not obtained. Comparative Example (c) Except that the example dye (1) and (4) were replaced respectively by comparative example dye (1) and (2), the process was made in the same manner as in Example D to prepare red ink. The obtained ink was unsuitable for the oil ink for ball-point pens.
Claims
1. A liquid azo dye represented by the formula: ##STR17## (wherein, A stands for a phenylene group which may have a substituent, n is o or 1, Cp is a pyrazolone derivative residue or a naphthol derivative residue, X is --NH-- or --COO-- and R is an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms).
2. The liquid azo dye represented by the formula: ##STR18##
3. A dye composition comprising:
(a) the liquid azo dye according to claim 1
(b) a solvent selected from the group consisting of alcohols, glycols and mixtures thereof; the liquid azo dye being present in an amount of 50% by weight or more.
4. An ink composition comprising the liquid azo dye according to claim 1.
5. An ink composition comprising the dye composition according to claim 3.
Patent Grant
5326866
