1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device including a reflective display region and a transmissive display region, a method for producing the liquid crystal device, and an electronic apparatus.
2. Related Art
Among liquid crystal devices, there is known a liquid crystal display including an array substrate having a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of signal lines mutually intersecting and an opposing substrate located on an opposite side of a liquid crystal layer from the array substrate. At intersections between the scan lines and the signal lines are provided respective pixels of red, blue, and green, each having a reflecting section having an external-light reflecting unit and a phase difference film. In the liquid crystal display, when phase difference values of the phase difference films in the respective red, blue, and green pixels are represented by rR, rG, and rB, respectively, at least one of expressions: rR>rG; rG>rB and rR>rB holds true, as well as expressions: 120 nm<rR<180 nm; 110 nm<rG<170 nm; and 80 nm<rB<140 nm hold true (See JP-A-2006-292847).
Regarding the liquid crystal display above, optical characteristics of the red, blue, and green pixels are considered to define the phase difference values of the pixels, thereby preventing contrast ratio reduction and reducing coloring upon reflective display.
In addition, there is known another liquid crystal display including a liquid crystal layer and a first and a second substrate sandwiching the liquid crystal layer therebetween. A single pixel has a reflective display section and a transmissive display section therein. In the reflective display section, the liquid crystal layer has a retardation of ¼ wavelength and a phase difference plate has a retardation of ½ wavelength (See JP-A-2005-338256).
The liquid crystal display described as the other example is a so-called semi-transmissive in-plane switching (IPS) mode LCD. With the optical design as above, the display is proposed to realize a wide viewing angle equivalent to that of a transmissive IPS mode LCD.
In the above liquid crystal displays, the phase difference film or the phase difference plate is disposed at a side facing the liquid crystal layer. JP-A-2006-292847 discloses an example of a method for forming such an internal phase difference film. In the method, a mixture of a liquid crystalline high polymer and a photosensitive resin is applied on a substrate to perform pattering by photo-etching.
However, in the method for forming the phase difference film as above, the phase difference film needs to be patterned in accordance with the red, blue, and green pixels, which complicates a production process of the display.
Furthermore, patterning by photo-etching leads to wasted use of most of a material for the phase difference film.
The present invention has been accomplished to solve at least a part of the above problems and is realized in various aspects as below. An advantage of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal device and a method for producing the liquid crystal device, which can exhibit high contrast in both of reflective and transmissive modes, thereby providing excellent image quality. Another advantage of the invention is to provide an electronic apparatus incorporating the liquid crystal device.
A liquid crystal device according to a first aspect of the invention includes a pair of substrates; a partition wall member that partitions a region sandwiched between the pair of substrates to provide reflective display regions and transmissive display regions; a plurality of pixels each including a plurality of pixel regions, each of the pixel regions having each of the reflective display regions and each of the transmissive display regions; and a first liquid crystal layer made of a first liquid crystal and a second crystal layer made of a second liquid crystal, the first and the second liquid crystal layers, respectively, being enclosed in the reflective display region and the transmissive display region, respectively, partitioned by the partition wall member so as to sandwich the first and the second liquid crystal layers between the pair of substrates, wherein a phase difference value of reflected light in the first liquid crystal layer is approximately equal to a phase difference value of transmitted light in the second liquid crystal layer.
In the above structure, the first and the second liquid crystals, respectively, are separately enclosed in the reflective display region and the transmissive display region, respectively, partitioned by the partition wall member, as well as the phase difference value of reflected light in the reflective display region is approximately equal to that of transmitted light in the transmissive display region. Thereby, there can be provided a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device including the pixels, each pixel region having the reflective display region and the transmissive display region that are optically compensated. In addition, as compared to including a phase difference film in at least the reflective display region to provide such an optical compensation, the semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device of the first aspect can be structurally further simplified.
Preferably, in the liquid crystal device of the first aspect, a layer thickness of the first liquid crystal layer is approximately equal to a layer thickness of the second liquid crystal layer, and a birefringence index of the first liquid crystal is half a birefringence index of the second liquid crystal.
In general, the phase difference value of a liquid crystal layer is obtained by multiplying a birefringence index of a liquid crystal forming the liquid crystal layer by a layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer. In the above preferable structure, the partition wall member between the pair of substrates is formed to have a uniform height, whereby the phase difference value of reflected light in the reflective display region can be made approximately equal to that of transmitted light in the transmissive display region. Thus, there can be realized a so-called single gap structure that is structurally simple.
Preferably, in the liquid crystal device of the first aspect, one substrate of the pair of substrates includes a liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer in the reflective display region to adjust a thickness of the first liquid crystal layer such that the thickness of the first liquid crystal layer is smaller than a thickness of the second liquid crystal layer, and a birefringence index of the first liquid crystal is smaller than a birefringence index of the second liquid crystal.
In the above structure, the reflective display region has the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer. Thus, there is employed a so-called multigap structure. As described above, the phase difference value of a liquid crystal layer is obtained by multiplying a birefringence index of the liquid crystal forming the liquid crystal layer by a layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer. Accordingly, adjusting a thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer can widen a range of material options for the first and the second liquid crystals having the mutually different birefringence indexes.
Preferably, in the liquid crystal device of the first aspect, one substrate of the pair of substrates includes a color filter having a plurality of different color filter elements, each of the color filter elements being provided in each of the pixel regions partitioned by the partition wall member.
In the above structure, there can be obtained a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device that is structurally simple and enables color display.
Preferably, in the liquid crystal device of the first aspect, one substrate of the pair of substrates includes a color filter having a plurality of different color filter elements, each of the color filter elements being provided in each of the pixel regions partitioned by the partition wall member, and a liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer in the reflective display region to adjust a thickness of the first liquid crystal layer, a thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer corresponding to at least one of the color filter elements is different from a thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer thickness adjusting layer corresponding to at least another one of the color filter elements.
In the above structure, the thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer is adjusted corresponding to individual colors of the color filter elements, whereby there can be provided a liquid crystal device that is optically compensated in accordance with absorption wavelengths of the filter elements.
Preferably, in the liquid crystal device of the first aspect, the partition wall member is made of a light-shielding material.
In the above structure, the reflective display region and the transmissive display region are separated and partitioned from each other by the partition wall member having light-shielding properties, so that light leakage occurring in each of the two regions has little influence on each other's region. Accordingly, there can be provided a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device that is structurally simple and capable of displaying sharper images.
A method for producing a liquid crystal device according to a second aspect of the invention includes forming a partition wall member on one substrate of a pair of substrates to partition a plurality of pixels each including a plurality of pixel regions, each of the pixel regions having a reflective display region and a transmissive display region, as well as to partition the reflective display region from the transmissive display region; filling a first liquid crystal and a second liquid crystal, respectively, in the reflective display region and the transmissive display region, respectively, partitioned from each other by the partition wall member on the one substrate; and bonding the pair of substrates together so as to sandwich a first liquid crystal layer made of the first liquid crystal and a second liquid crystal layer made of the second liquid crystal between the pair of substrates, wherein the first and the second liquid crystals are selected such that a phase difference value of reflected light in the first liquid crystal layer is approximately equal to a phase difference value of transmitted light in the second liquid crystal layer.
In the above production method, in the constructing, the first liquid crystal and the second liquid crystal, respectively, are separately filled in the reflective display region and the transmissive display region, respectively, partitioned by the partition wall member, where the phase difference value of reflected light in the first liquid crystal layer is made approximately equal to that of transmitted light in the second liquid crystal layer. Thus, the method can produce a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device including the plurality of pixels, each including the reflective display region and the transmissive display region that are optically compensated. Additionally, as compared to disposing a phase difference film in at least the reflective display region to provide such an optical compensation, the production method of the second aspect can simplify a process for producing the semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device.
Preferably, in the method of the second aspect, the partition wall member is formed using a light-shielding material.
In this method, the reflective display region and the transmissive display region are separated and partitioned from each other by the partition wall member having light-shielding properties. Thus, light leakage occurring in each of the display regions hardly influences on each other's region. Therefore, the method can produce a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device that is structurally simple and capable of displaying sharper images.
Preferably, in the method of the second aspect, in the constructing, the pair of substrates are bonded together such that a layer thickness of the first liquid crystal layer is approximately equal to a thickness of the second liquid crystal layer, and a birefringence index of the first liquid crystal is half a birefringence index of the second liquid crystal.
In this method, the partition wall member is formed to have a uniform height, so that the phase difference value of reflected light in the reflective display region can be made approximately equal to that of transmitted light in the transmissive display region. Thus, the method can produce a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device by employing the so-called single gap structure that is structurally simple.
Preferably, the method according to the second aspect further includes forming a liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer in the reflective display region partitioned by the partition wall member on the one substrate to adjust a thickness of the first liquid crystal layer; and in the constructing, the first liquid crystal filled in the reflective display region has a birefringence index smaller than a birefringence index of the second liquid crystal.
In this method, the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer is provided in the reflective display region, thereby forming the so-called multigap structure. Thus, adjusting the thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer in the reflective display region can widen the range of material options for the first and the second liquid crystals having the mutually different birefringence indexes. This can facilitate selection of materials for the first and the second liquid crystals.
Preferably, the method according to the second aspect further includes forming a color filter having a plurality of different color filter elements such that each of the different color filter elements is formed in each of the pixel regions partitioned by the partition wall member on the one substrate.
In this method, there can be provided a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device that is structurally simple and enables color display.
Preferably, the method according to the second aspect further includes forming a color filter having a plurality of different color filter elements such that each of the color filter elements is formed in each of the pixel regions partitioned by the partition wall member on the one substrate, and forming a liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer in the reflective display region partitioned by the partition wall member on the one substrate to adjust a thickness of the first liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer is formed such that a thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer corresponding to at least one of the different color filter elements is different from a thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer corresponding to at least another one of the different color filter elements.
In this method, the thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer is adjusted corresponding to the colors of the filter elements, thereby realizing optical compensation in accordance with absorption wavelengths of the filter elements.
Preferably, in the method according to the second aspect, forming the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer includes applying a droplet of a liquid containing a material of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer in the reflective display region, and then forming a deposit film by drying the applied liquid to obtain the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer.
The above method employs a liquid droplet discharging method used to apply a liquid droplet. Thus, adjusting an applying amount of the liquid can facilitate control of the thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer in the reflective display region. Accordingly, as compared to methods such as spin coating for performing film deposition by collectively applying all of a liquid material on a substrate, the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer can be accurately formed without wasting the material used.
Preferably, in the above method, forming the color filter includes applying a droplet of each of at least three different color liquids in each of the pixel regions, the droplet of the each of the liquids containing a material of each of the different color filter elements, and then forming deposit films by solidifying the applied droplets to obtain the color filter elements having at least three colors of red, green, and blue.
The above method employs the liquid droplet discharging method used to apply liquid droplets. Thus, adjusting applying amounts of the liquids can facilitate control of thicknesses of the filter elements in the each pixel region. In short, as compared to a case of forming a plurality of color filter elements by photolithography, the filter elements can be accurately formed without wasting the materials used.
Preferably, in the method of the second aspect, the constructing includes first discharging a droplet of the first liquid crystal in the reflective display region, and then discharging a droplet of the second liquid crystal in the transmissive display region.
In this method, droplets of the first and the second liquid crystals, respectively, are separately discharged in the reflective display region and the transmissive display region, respectively. In short, using the liquid droplet discharging method can facilitate separate discharging of the droplets of the respective liquid crystals. In addition, using an inkjet method as the liquid droplet discharging method enables accurate amounts of the liquid crystals to be applied in the respective desired regions.
An electronic apparatus according to a third aspect of the invention includes the liquid crystal device of the first aspect or a liquid crystal device produced by the method according to the second aspect.
In the above structure, the electronic apparatus of the third aspect incorporates the structurally simple semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device, thus achieving an excellent cost performance ratio.
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to drawings.
Liquid Crystal Device
First will be described a liquid crystal device according to a first embodiment of the invention.
As shown in
Each of a plurality of data lines 6a is extended from a data-line driving circuit 70 to be electrically connected to a source of the TFT 30. The data-line driving circuit 70 supplies image signals S1 to Sn to the each sub pixel SG via the each data line 6a. The image signals S1 to Sn may be supplied in this numerical order in a line-by-line sequence, or may be supplied to each group of mutually adjacent ones of the data lines 6a.
A gate of each TFT 30 is electrically connected to each scan line 3a extended from the scan-line driving circuit 90. The scan-line driving circuit 90 supplies respective pulses of the scan signals G1 to Gm to the each scan line 3a at a predetermined timing, whereby the signals G1 to Gm are applied to the gate of the each TFT 30 in this numerical order in a line-by-line sequence at a predetermined timing. The pixel electrode 9 is electrically connected to a drain of the TFT 30.
Each of the scan signals G1 to Gm is input to the each TFT 30 as a switching element to turn on the transistor. The TFT 30 is maintained in an on-state for a predetermined time to allow each of the image signals S1 to Sn supplied from the data lines 6a to be written in the each pixel electrode 9 at a predetermined timing. Each of the image signals S1 to Sn of a predetermined level is written into liquid crystal via the pixel electrode 9 to be retained for a predetermined time between the pixel electrode 9 and the common electrode 19 opposing the pixel electrode 9 via the liquid crystal.
The TFT 30 is formed near an intersection between the scan line 3a and the data line 6a to be electrically connected to the data line 6a and the pixel electrode 9. In addition, the common electrode 19 having a rectangular shape is provided in a position approximately overlapping with the pixel electrode 9 in a two-dimensional view.
The pixel electrode 9 is a conductive film made of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO). The pixel electrode 9 of a single sub pixel SG has 17 slits 29 formed therein. The slits 29 are extended in a direction intersecting with both the scan line 3a and the data line 6a (in an oblique direction in
The common electrode 19 includes a transparent common electrode 19t and a reflective common electrode 19r. The transparent common electrode 19t has an approximately rectangular shape in a two-dimensional view and is made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO. The reflective common electrode 19r is approximately rectangular in a two-dimensional view and made of a metal having light reflectivity, such as aluminum or silver. The common electrodes 19t and 19r are electrically connected to each other at side ends of the electrodes.
The reflective common electrode 19r is integrally formed with the common line 3b extended in parallel to the scan line 3a. Thus, the common electrode 19 including the transparent common electrode 19t and the reflective common electrode 19r is electrically connected to the common line 3b.
A region having the reflective common electrode 19r formed therein constitutes a reflective display region R of the sub pixel SG, whereas a region having the transparent common electrode 19t constitutes a transmissive display region T. That is, in the liquid crystal device 100, the reflective common electrode 19r serves as a reflecting layer, and the each sub pixel SG has the reflective common electrode 19r and the transparent common electrode 19t formed therein.
Alternatively, the common line 3b and the reflective common electrode 19r may be formed by separate conductive films to be electrically connected to each other. To do that, for example, the reflective common electrode 19r and the common line 3b may be formed on different wiring layers located via an interlayer insulating film and then the electrode 19r and the line 3b may be connected to each other by a contact hole formed in the interlayer insulating film. Additionally, the transparent common electrode 19t may be formed so as to cover the reflective common electrode 19r.
The TFT 30 includes a semiconductor layer 35 made of an island-shaped amorphous silicon film and partially formed in a position above the scan line 3a; a source electrode 31 branched from the data line 6a to be extended on a surface of the semiconductor layer 35; and a rectangular drain electrode 32 extended from the surface of the semiconductor layer 35 to a region where the pixel electrode 9 is formed.
The scan line 3a serves as a gate electrode of the TFT 30 at a position opposing the semiconductor layer 35. The drain electrode 32 is electrically connected to the pixel electrode 9 by a pixel contact hole 47 formed at a position where the drain electrode 32 and the pixel electrode 9 two-dimensionally overlap with each other.
In the each sub pixel SG shown in
With reference to
As shown in
The reflective display region R and the transmissive display region T partitioned from each other by the partition wall member 21, respectively, enclose a first liquid crystal layer 50a and a second liquid crystal layer 50b, respectively. Layer thicknesses (cell thicknesses) d of the first and the second liquid crystal layers 50a and 50b are approximately equal.
The liquid crystal device 100 structured as above performs reflective display and transmissive display. However, there is a problem in terms of an optical design. When a phase difference exists between external light reflected by the reflective common electrode 19r (reflected light) and transmitted light transmitting through the transmissive display region T, coloring occurs upon reflective black display, thereby making it difficult to obtain a high-contrast reflective display. This results from that the reflected light is emitted from a side of the opposing substrate 20 opposite from a location of the element substrate 10 via an optical path equal to or longer than twice an optical path of the transmitted light.
The phase difference, namely, a phase difference value (retardation) is obtained by multiplying a birefringence index Δn of liquid crystal by a layer thickness d.
Thus, the present embodiment uses first and second liquid crystals each having a positive dielectric anisotropy and having mutually different birefringence indexes Δn. Between the pair of substrates are placed the first liquid crystal layer 50a made of the first liquid crystal and the second liquid crystal layer 50b made of the second liquid crystal. The first liquid crystal layer 50a and the second liquid crystal layer 50b, respectively, are located in the reflective display region R and the transmissive display region T, respectively, which are partitioned by the partition wall member 21. The birefringence index of the first liquid crystal is set to half the birefringence index of the second liquid crystal. Thereby, while the thicknesses d of the first and the second liquid crystal layers 50a and 50b are approximately equal, the phase difference value of the first liquid crystal layer 50a in the reflective display region R is set to approximately half the phase difference value of the second liquid crystal layer 50b in the transmissive display region T. This eliminates a phase difference between light transmitting through the transmissive display region T (transmitted light) and light input to the reflective display region R, then reflected by the reflective common electrode 19r, and re-input to an upper polarizing plate 24 (reflected light).
In this case, when the respective birefringence indexes of the first and the second liquid crystals are Δn1 and Δn2, an equation: 2Δn1=Δn2 holds true. Additionally, the first liquid crystal is selected such that when λ represents a wavelength of light, an equation: Δn1×d=λ/4 holds true. Meanwhile, the second liquid crystal is selected such that an equation: Δn2×d=λ/2 holds true. The layer thickness d is not necessarily uniform but varies to some extent in production of the liquid crystal device 100. Thus, preferably, an occurrence of variation in the layer thickness is suppressed such that no malfunction occurs in substantial transmissive and reflective displays. In other words, when the variation in production is recognized, it may be allowable that the variation causes a phase difference between the transmitted light and the reflected light.
On the first surface of the element substrate 10 made of transparent glass or the like are provided the scan lines 3a, the common electrodes 19, and the common lines 3b. In addition, on the same surface of the substrate 10 is provided an insulating thin film 11 made of a silicon oxide film or the like so as to cover the scan lines 3a, the common electrodes 19, and the common lines 3b. On the insulating thin film 11 are formed the island-shaped semiconductor layer 35, the source electrode 31 (the data line 6a), and the drain electrode 32, where the respective electrodes 31 and 32 partially overlap with the semiconductor layer 35, thereby forming each TFT 30. Then, the semiconductor layer 35, the source electrode 31, and the drain electrode 32 are covered by an interlayer insulating film 12 made of a silicon oxide or resin film. On the interlayer insulating film 12 is formed the pixel electrode 9. The pixel electrode 9 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 32 by the pixel contact hole 47 reaching the drain electrode 32 after penetrating through the interlayer insulating film 12. A boundary between the transparent common electrode 19t and the reflective common electrode 19r of the common electrode 19 is located immediately under the partition wall 21 that partitions the transmissive display region T and the reflective display region R.
An alignment film 18 made of polyimide or the like is formed to cover the pixel electrodes 9. The alignment film 18 is subjected to an alignment treatment such as rubbing to align the liquid crystals in a predetermined direction. In the present embodiment, a direction of alignment control by the alignment film 18 is parallel to an extending direction of the data lines 6a and intersects with an extending direction of the slits 29 of each of the pixel electrode 9.
Like the element substrate 10, the opposing substrate 20 is made of transparent glass or the like and has a first and a second surface. On the first surface of the opposing substrate 20 are formed the color filter 22 (22G), the first and the second liquid crystal layers 50a, 50b, the partition wall member 21 substantially partitioning those constituent elements, and an alignment film 23, which are located sequentially in a direction orienting toward the liquid crystal layer 50. In addition, the upper polarizing plate 24 is attached onto the second surface of the opposing substrate 20 (a surface of the substrate 20 opposite from the location of the liquid crystal layer 50). Optical layouts of the upper polarizing plate 24 and a lower polarizing plate 14 attached onto the second surface of the element substrate 10 (a surface of the substrate 10 opposite from the location of the liquid crystal layer 50 are arranged in a crossed Nicol relation. The respective alignment films 18 and 23 are subjected to rubbing such that liquid crystal molecules of the first and the second liquid crystal layers 50a and 50b are aligned in a direction parallel to the first surfaces of both substrates at a predetermined angle between the substrates.
The partition wall member 21 is referred to as a black matrix (BM). To form the partition wall member 21, for example, a resinous material containing a black pigment or the like as a light-shielding material may be applied on the first surface of the opposing substrate 20 by printing such as offset printing to perform patterning. Furthermore, in a case of selecting a photosensitive material as the above resinous material, the resinous material can be patterned by photolithography after applied entirely on the first surface of the substrate 20. In the present embodiment, the color filter 22 (22G) is partitioned by the partition wall member 21, as well as a height of the partition wall member 21 is set such that the cell thicknesses d are maintained upon bonding of the pair of substrates together. Accordingly, in order to form the partition wall member 21 composed of a thick film, the material of the member may be applied a plurality of times for lamination. In this case, for example, the height of the partition wall member 21 is approximately 3.5 to 4 μm; a film thickness of the color filter 22 is approximately 1.5 to 2 μm; and the thickness of each of the first and the second liquid crystal layers 50a and 50b is approximately 2 μm. Additionally, preferably, a Y-direction length (namely, a width) of the partition wall member 21 separating the transmissive display region T from the reflective display region R is determined in consideration of a positional accuracy in the Y-axis direction upon bonding of the element substrate 10 with the opposing substrate 20 so as to allow the boundary between each of the transparent common electrodes 19t and each of the reflective common electrodes 19r to be positioned immediately under the partition wall member 21.
The color filter 22 is formed by filling a resinous material containing each color filter element forming material (a coloring material) in each of openings partitioned by the partition wall member 21. As a method for forming the color filter 22, a liquid droplet discharging method (an inkjet method) is used to apply each liquid that contains the above resinous material, and then the liquid applied is dried. Using the liquid droplet discharging method enables a necessary amount of the liquid to be more economically applied in the each sub pixel region partitioned by the partition wall member 21 than using photolithography. In addition, no photo mask is needed, thus enabling omission of production process steps such as exposure and development.
As shown in
The respective color filter elements 22R, 22G, and 22B have an approximately equal film thickness, thereby enabling color display. However, the film thicknesses of the filter elements may not necessarily be approximately equal. For example, among the respective colors or among same color filter elements, the film thickness may be made different between the reflective display region R and the transmissive display region T. This enables adjustment of color phase and chroma in a display color in accordance with optical characteristics of the reflective display region R and the transmissive display region T, thus improving the visual quality of color display.
Next will be summarized optical design conditions regarding the liquid crystal device 100.
As described hereinabove, the liquid crystal device 100 of the embodiment employs a so-called fringe field switching (FFS) mode. In the FFS mode, each of the sub pixels SG is partitioned into the reflective display region R and the transmissive display region T. Then, a driving voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 9 provided on and the common electrode 19 provided adjacent to the element substrate 10 to drive the liquid crystal layer 50 (the first and the second liquid crystal layers 50a and 50b). This suppresses coloring occurring in black display, thus realizing reflective and transmissive display technologies that reduce contrast loss.
In the liquid crystal display 100 thus structured, at a side adjacent to a rear surface (the second surface) of the element substrate 10 is provided an illumination device including a guiding plate that guides light from a light source such as a white light-emitting diode (LED) or a cold-cathode tube to the liquid crystal device 100, a diffusing plate, a reflecting plate, and the like.
Method for Producing the Liquid Crystal Device
Next will be described a method for producing the liquid crystal device 100 of the embodiment with reference to drawings.
As shown in
Step S1 of
Step S2 of
Preferably, before applying the liquids 4R, 4G, and 4B, a lyophilic treatment is performed on an applying surface of the opposing substrate 20 having the partition wall member 21 formed thereon, whereas a lyophobic treatment is performed on the partition wall member 21. The lyophilic treatment may be a plasma treatment using oxygen gas as a process gas, and the lyophobic treatment may be a plasma treatment using CF4 as a process gas. Performing such surface treatments enables the liquids 4R, 4G, and 4B to be evenly applied in the opening portions 21a.
Next, the applied liquids 4R, 4G, and 4B are dried to remove a solvent component, whereby, as shown in
Step S3 of
Step S4 of
Step S5 of
At steps S4 and S5, depending on viscosities of materials selected for the first and the second liquid crystals, the materials are possibly not be suitable to the liquid droplet discharging method (the inkjet method). In that case, preferably, the liquid crystal materials or the discharging heads 1A and 1B are heated at a temperature equal to or higher than a room temperature to adjust such that the viscosity of each material is equal to or less than approximately 30 mPa·s. Additionally, to prevent the two kinds of the liquid crystal materials from being mixed with each other, preferably, amounts of the liquid crystal materials, respectively applied in the reflective display region R and the transmissive display region T, respectively, are reduced slightly less than the respective necessary amounts of the materials.
Furthermore, the two kinds of the liquid crystal materials may be applied in the same discharging process. In this case, the discharging heads 1A and 1B with the mutually different kinds of liquid crystal materials filled therein are relatively moved with respect to the opposing substrate 20 to perform scanning operation, whereby the two kinds of the liquid crystal materials can be approximately simultaneously discharged in respective desired regions.
In addition, as described above, the birefringence index of the first liquid crystal 51 is set to be less than that of the second liquid crystal 52, namely half the birefringence index of the second liquid crystal 52.
Step S6 of the
Onto respective top and bottom surfaces of a liquid crystal cell thus completed are attached the upper and the lower polarizing plates 24 and 14, respectively. Then, the liquid crystal cell is connected to the driving circuits to complete the liquid crystal device 100.
The method for producing the liquid crystal device 100 performed as above does not require process steps for optical compensation in the reflective and the transmissive display regions R and T, such as attachment of a phase difference plate to an outside surface of the liquid crystal cell and formation of a phase difference film inside the liquid crystal cell. As a result, the liquid crystal device 100 can be produced so as to realize reflective and transmissive displays in a more simplified structure.
In addition, as compared to a case of using the liquid crystal layer 50 made of a same single kind of liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal layer 50 of the present embodiment includes the first liquid crystal layer 50a made of the first liquid crystal 51 and the second liquid crystal layer 50b made of the second liquid crystal 52. This enables a liquid crystal material suitable to each of reflective display and transmissive display to be selected for use.
Furthermore, the color filter forming process (step S2) and the liquid crystal filling processes (steps S4 and S5) use the liquid droplet discharging method (the inkjet method), thereby eliminating loss of material use to enable the liquid crystal device 100 to be produced efficiently through the simplified production processes.
Another Liquid Crystal Device
Next will be described a liquid crystal device according to a second embodiment of the invention and a method for producing the liquid crystal device, with reference to drawings.
As shown in
The liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer 25 (25G), which is transparent and optically isotropic, is laminated on the filter element 22G in the reflective display region R partitioned by the partition wall member 21. Thereby, the layer thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 50a in the reflective display region R is made different from that of the second liquid crystal layer 50b in the transmissive display region T. In the drawing, in the transmissive display region T, symbol d represents the layer thickness of the second liquid crystal layer 50b, whereas in the reflective display region R, symbol x, which is smaller (thinner) than d, represents the layer thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 50a.
As described above, the phase difference value of a liquid crystal layer is obtained by multiplying the birefringence index Δn of liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer by a layer thickness. Thus, a phase difference value of the first liquid crystal layer 50a is represented by an expression: Δn1×x, and a phase difference value of the second liquid crystal layer 50b is represented by an expression: Δn2×d. When a phase difference value of reflected light in the reflective display region is approximately equal to that of transmitted light in the transmissive display region T, namely, when an equation: 2Δn1×x=Δn2×d is established, a value of x is equal to (Δn2/2Δn1)d. Allowing the thickness x of the first liquid crystal layer 50a to be smaller than the thickness d of the second liquid crystal layer 50b enables the birefringence index Δn1 of the first liquid crystal 51 of the first liquid crystal layer 50a to be close to the birefringence index Δn2 of the second liquid crystal 52 of the second liquid crystal layer 50b.
Therefore, the first and the second liquid crystals 51 and 52 can be selected from a group of liquid crystal materials similar in optical characteristics such as temperature dependence. This can provide a wider range of options for the liquid crystal materials, as well as can facilitate adjustment of the optical characteristics in the reflective and the transmissive display regions R and T.
In addition, as shown in
Alternatively, the thicknesses of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layers 25R, 25G, and 25B may not be different from one another. For example, a thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer 25 corresponding to at least one of the color filter elements may be different from a thickness of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer 25 corresponding to at least another one of the color filter elements, thereby obtaining appropriate advantageous effects.
Method for Producing the Other Liquid Crystal Device
Next will be described a method for producing the liquid crystal device of the second embodiment, with reference to drawings.
As shown in
Step 11 of
Step S12 of
Step S13 of
For example, the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layer may be made of a photo-curable acryl resin. In addition, an amount of the liquid 7 applied in the corresponding opening portion 21a is varied such that a film thickness of the liquid 7 is different after deposited on each of the three different color filter elements 22R, 22G, and 22B.
Next, as shown in
Step S14 of
Step S15 of
Step S16 of
At steps S15 and S16 described above, the respective amounts of the liquid crystal materials applied are varied in each of the color filter elements 22R, 22G, and 22B.
Step S17 of
In the above method for producing the liquid crystal device 200, in addition to advantageous effects of the first embodiment, including additionally the liquid-crystal layer thickness adjusting layers 25 (25R, 25G, and 25B) can provide a wider range of material options for the first and the second liquid crystals 51 and 52. Furthermore, allowing the thicknesses of the respective liquid-crystal layer thickness adjusting layers 25R, 25G, and 25B to be different from one another enables color correction of display color in reflective display.
Electronic Apparatus
Next will be described a mobile phone as an example of an electronic apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention.
As shown in
The mobile phone 300 includes the liquid crystal 100 of the first embodiment, the liquid crystal device 200 of the second embodiment, the liquid crystal device 100 produced by the method for producing the liquid crystal device 100, or the liquid crystal device 200 produced by the method for producing the liquid crystal device 200. Accordingly, the mobile phone 300 provides a high-visual display quality and an excellent cost performance ratio.
Other than the above embodiments, various modifications may be considered. Some modifications will be described below.
In the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment, the layout of the partition wall member 21 is not restricted to the layout thereof shown in the embodiment.
In the liquid crystal device 200 of the second embodiment, layouts of the partition wall member 21 and the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layers 25 are not restricted to those described above. For example, in
In the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment, the structure of the sub pixel SG realizing the reflective display region R is not restricted to providing the reflective common electrode 19r having light reflectivity. For example, the transparent common electrode 19t may be provided in the same size as that of the pixel electrode 9 in a two-dimensional view, and a reflecting layer having light reflectivity may be provided as an underlayer of the transparent common electrode 19t. The reflecting layer may be formed by depositing a thin film made of a metal such as Al or Ag on a resin layer having a plurality of concave and convex portions. The reflecting layer as above is formed to correspond to the reflective display region R. This can reduce directivity of light reflected by the reflecting layer, thereby realizing brighter reflective display.
In the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment, layouts of the three different color filter elements 22R, 22G, and 22B are not restricted to a stripe mode as above. For example, the structure of the liquid crystal layer 50 of the first embodiment may also be applied to a layout of a mosaic or delta mode. In addition, colors included in the color filter 22 are not restricted to the above three colors. The color filter 22 may be of a multicolor type including at least one color in addition to red, green, and blue. Furthermore, the liquid crystal device 100 may be applicable to a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal panel allowing only a so-called monochrome display, without including the color filter 22.
The liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment and the liquid crystal device 200 of the second embodiment are not restricted to the semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device of the FFS mode. For example, the liquid crystal devices 100 and 200 may also be applicable to a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal panel of the IPS mode or a vertical alignment (VA) mode. In addition, instead of the TFT 30, a thin film diode (TFD) element may be used as a switching element. Furthermore, the liquid crystal devices 100 and 200 are not restricted to the active-mode liquid crystal device including the switching element and may also be applicable to a liquid crystal device of a simple matrix mode.
In the method for producing the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment, the method for forming the color filter 22 is not restricted to the liquid droplet discharging method. For example, after forming the color filter 22 by photolithography, the partition wall member 21 may be formed on the color filter 22.
In the method for producing the liquid crystal device 200 of the second embodiment, the film thicknesses of the liquid-crystal-layer-thickness adjusting layers 25 are varied among the respective display colors. However, instead of that, for example, the film thicknesses of the thickness adjusting layers 25 may be equalized regardless of the display color. This can omit the step of adjusting the film thicknesses thereof, thus further simplifying the production process of the liquid crystal device 200.
In the third embodiment, the electronic apparatus incorporating the liquid crystal device 100 or 200 is not restricted to the mobile phone 300. The liquid crystal devices 100 and 200 can also be suitably incorporated in other various kinds of electronic apparatuses such as notebook personal computers, electronic organizers, viewers and DVD players displaying visual data, and mobile data terminals, for example.
The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-308411, filed Nov. 29, 2007 is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2007-308411 | Nov 2007 | JP | national |