Patent Application
20160377920
This application claims priority from and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0089086, filed on Jun. 23, 2015, which is incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
Field
Exemplary embodiments relate to display technology, and, more particularly, to a liquid crystal display device.
Discussion
Various electronic devices, such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants, computers, notebooks, tablets, televisions, etc., utilize flat panel display devices to display is information and/or function as a user interface. Liquid crystal display (LCD) devices are a type of flat panel display with relatively low power consumption, relatively high quality moving picture display, and a relatively high contrast ratio. Conventional LCD devices typically include a liquid crystal (LC) layer disposed between two display panels, and are configured to apply an electric field to the LC layer to change the arrangement direction of LC molecules disposed in the LC layer. Changing the arrangement direction enables an LCD device to change the polarization direction of incident light and to display an image by associating the change with a polarizer and determining whether to transmit incident light on a pixel-by-pixel basis.
In a conventional LCD device, the brightness of light emitted in a lateral direction inclined at angle with respect to a normal direction is typically small in comparison to the brightness of light emitted in a direction normal to the display panels. These differences in brightness can cause a color coordinate of white light produced in the lateral direction to be shifted with respect to a color coordinate of white light produced in the normal direction.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the inventive concept, and, therefore, it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
One or more exemplary embodiments provide a liquid crystal display device configured to resolve viewing angle dependent brightness reductions and color shifts.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the disclosure, or may be learned by practice of the inventive concept.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments, a display device includes: a first polarizer, a second polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a color conversion member, an emission layer, and a first substrate. The second polarizer is disposed on the first polarizer. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The color conversion member is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second polarizer. The emission layer is disposed on the second polarizer. The emission layer is configured to absorb at least a portion of light passed through the color conversion member and the second polarizer, and to emit light corresponding to at least a blue wavelength. The first substrate is disposed on the emission layer.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments, a display device includes: a first polarizer, a second polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a color conversion member, an emission layer, and a first substrate. The second polarizer is disposed on the first polarizer. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The color conversion member is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second polarizer. The emission layer is disposed on the second polarizer. The emission layer is configured to absorb at least a portion of light passed through the color conversion member and the second polarizer, and to emit light of a wavelength different from a wavelength of the absorbed light. The first substrate is disposed on the emission layer.
The foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed subject matter.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the inventive concept, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept, and, together with the description, serve to explain principles of the inventive concept.
In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various exemplary embodiments. It is apparent, however, that various exemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details or with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various exemplary embodiments.
In the accompanying figures, the size and relative sizes of layers, films, panels, regions, etc., may be exaggerated for clarity and descriptive purposes. Also, like reference numerals denote like elements.
When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. When, however, an element or layer is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. For the purposes of this disclosure, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” may be construed as X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, such as, for instance, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, and/or section from another element, component, region, layer, and/or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, and/or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, and/or section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.
Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for descriptive purposes, and, thereby, to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an apparatus in use, operation, and/or manufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the apparatus in the drawings is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Furthermore, the apparatus may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and, as such, the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms, “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Moreover, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Various exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized exemplary embodiments and/or intermediate structures. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed as limited to the particular illustrated shapes of regions, but are to include deviations in shapes that result from, for instance, manufacturing. For example, an implanted region illustrated as a rectangle will, typically, have rounded or curved features and/or a gradient of implant concentration at its edges rather than a binary change from implanted to non-implanted region. Likewise, a buried region formed by implantation may result in some implantation in the region between the buried region and the surface through which the implantation takes place. Thus, the regions illustrated in the drawings are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to be limiting.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure is a part. Terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.
Referring to
The LCD device 1 produces an image using a principle in which external light illuminated from a backlight unit BLU, etc., is incident on the first polarizer 120 and is polarized in a specific direction, and then is incident on the LC layer 110. The light propagating through the LC layer 110 has its polarization direction controlled by the LC layer 110, and light that passes through a portion of the LC layer 110 that corresponds to at least some pixels reaches a user by passing through the second polarizer 130. The backlight unit BLU may emit white light, and may be disposed below the first polarizer 120 and, thereby, configured to provide light to the first polarizer 120.
The color conversion member 140 may be disposed between the LC layer 110 and the second polarizer 130, and may convert light incident on the color conversion member 140 into light of a predetermined color. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the color conversion member 140 may include a red pixel region, a green pixel region, a blue pixel region, and a white pixel region.
The red pixel region, the green pixel region, and the blue pixel region may be associated with a red color filter 140R, a green color filter 140G, and a blue color filter 140B, respectively. The color conversion member 140 may further include an overcoat layer 142 that covers the red color filter 140R, the green color filter 140G, and the blue color filter 140B. The overcoat layer 142 may extend to the white pixel region where no color filter is disposed, as well as disposed in the red pixel region, the green pixel region, and the blue pixel region. That is, only the overcoat layer 142 is disposed in the white pixel region, and light that passes through the LC layer 110 may directly pass through the white pixel region of the color conversion member 140 without color conversion. The white pixel region may enable the brightness of the LCD device 1 to be improved. A black matrix 141 for preventing color mixing may be disposed between the respective pixel regions.
Although not shown, at least two electrodes, to which different voltages are applied, respectively, may be disposed above and/or below the LC layer 110 in order to apply an electric field to the LC layer 110. The application of the voltages may be controlled by a switching device (not shown), such as a thin film transistor. Also, one or more alignment layers (not shown) that determine an arrangement state (e.g., pretilt) of the LC layer 110 when an electric field is not applied to the LC layer 110 may be disposed above and/or below the LC layer 110. The shapes and locations of the electrodes and the alignment direction of the alignment layer(s) may be variously implemented depending on a mode of the LCD device 1.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the LCD device 1 may include the second polarizer 130 disposed on the color conversion member 140. The second polarizer 130 may be a wire grid polarizer (WGP). The WGP 130 may include a regular array of fine metallic wires disposed in parallel with one another. Since the WGP may perform the same function as a general polarizer, but may be formed by disposing metallic wires with an interval equal to or less than the wavelength of incident light without orienting a material forming the polarizer, the WGP may have an advantage that the WGP may be easily formed on the inner surface of the LCD device 1.
The polarization axis of the first polarizer 120 and the polarization axis of the second polarizer 130 may be perpendicular to each other. When an electric field is applied to the
LC layer 110 and the polarization direction of light that passes through the first polarizer 120 is rotated by 90 degrees by the LC layer 110 serving as a phase retarder, the light may pass through the second polarizer 130 and may be emitted to the outside.
Although not illustrated, the LCD device 1 may include a plurality of pixels, which may be configured to produce an image by applying an electric field to one or more portions that respectively correspond to the red pixel region, the green pixel region, and the blue pixel region of the LC layer 110 and allowing light of a determined color to be emitted through a pixel. When an electric field is applied to the entire LC layer 110 of the LCD device 1, white light may be produced by a combination of red light, green light, and blue light, and white light that passes through the white pixel region is further added to the output so that white light of high brightness may be emitted.
Referring to the graph on the upper left portion of
Also, referring to
The LCD device 1, according to one or more exemplary embodiments, may include the emission layer 150 disposed on the second polarizer 130. The emission layer 150 may include a thin film in order to transmit most, e.g., about 80% or more, of light that passes through the color conversion member 140 and the second polarizer 130. For example, the emission layer 150 may have a thickness of about 0.5 μm or less. In this manner, the emission layer 150 may absorb at least a portion of light that passes through the color conversion member 140 and the second polarizer 130, and emit light of a wavelength different from that of the absorbed light. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the emission layer 150 may emit at least blue light. The blue light may have a wavelength of about 450 nm to about 495 nm among wavelengths of visible light.
The emission layer 150 may include a quantum dot or a fluorescent substance. Light that passes through the color conversion member 140 has a color, such as a red color, a green color, and a blue color, and a beam profile representing light intensity depending on a wavelength of a determined width. For example, the beam profile may have a Gaussian shape. That is, light that passes through the color conversion member 140 may have a largest intensity at a wavelength corresponding to red light, green light, or blue light, but may also include light of a different wavelength. Light of a wavelength shorter than that of blue light is absorbed by the emission layer 150, and the emission layer 150 may emit the blue light. For example, regarding a quantum dot, the wavelength of absorbed and emitted light may change depending on the size of the quantum dot, and blue light may be emitted by controlling the size of the quantum dot and absorbing light of a wavelength shorter than that of the blue light.
The emission layer 150 may further include at least one of blue pigment, dye, and a scatterer in addition to a material that emits light, such as a quantum dot or a fluorescent substance. The addition of at least one of the blue pigment, the dye, and the scatterer may increase the brightness of emitted blue light through these materials.
Taking into account a light path, the emission layer 150 may be disposed above the second polarizer 130. That is, light that passes through the LC layer 110 may be allowed to pass through the second polarizer 130 and then pass through the emission layer 150. When light passes through the emission layer 150 prior to the second polarizer 130, the polarization direction of the light changes and a portion of the light that should pass through the second polarizer 130 may not pass through the second polarizer 130 or a portion of the light that should not pass through the second polarizer 130 may pass through the second polarizer 130. As such, a desired image may not be produced.
Referring to a graph on the lower left portion of
At least a portion of the emission layer 150 may satisfy the following Condition 1:
when d2>d1, then I2>I1 Condition 1
According to one or more exemplary embodiments, d1 and d2 represent lengths of light paths that pass through the emission layer 150, and I2 and I1 represent intensities of light that passes through the paths corresponding to the lengths of d2 and d1, respectively, and is emitted from the emission layer 150 to the outside. It is noted that d1 and d2 may be lengths of paths that are substantially straight lines. For instance, d1 may represent a path to emit light in a normal direction and d2 may be a path to emit light in a lateral direction.
Condition 1 means that intensity of light that is absorbed by the emission layer 150 while passing through the emission layer 150 in a normal direction and emitted from the emission layer 150 may be less than the intensity of light that is absorbed by the emission layer 150 while passing through the emission layer 150 in a lateral direction and emitted from the emission layer 150. Condition 1 is applicable when an angle inclined with respect to the normal direction is in a range greater than 0 degrees and less than about 55 degrees. In a range greater than about 55 degrees, a path that passes through the emission layer 150 is excessively lengthened, and, as such, the intensity of light emitted from the emission layer 150 may be reduced.
The graph on the right side of
Referring to
Adverting back to
Referring to
The backlight unit BLU (see
The red pixel region, the green pixel region, the blue pixel region, and the white pixel region may include a red color filter 240R, a green color filter 240G, a blue color filter 240B, and a white color filter 240W, respectively. The red color filter 240R, the green color filter 240G, and the blue color filter 240B may include materials in which red, green, and blue pigment or dye are added to transparent resins, respectively. The white color filter 240W may include a material in which a light scatterer, etc., are added to a transparent resin. The LCD device 2 may include the white pixel region so that the brightness of the LCD device 2 may improve due to the white pixel region. A black matrix 241 for preventing (or at least reducing) color mixing may be disposed between the respective pixel regions.
Although not shown, at least two electrodes to which different voltages may be applied, respectively, may be disposed above and/or below the LC layer 210 in order to apply an electric field to the LC layer 210. The application of the voltages may be controlled by a switching device (not shown), such as a thin film transistor. Also, an alignment layer (not shown) that determines an arrangement state (e.g., pretilt) of the LC layer 210 when an electric field is not applied to the LC layer 210 may be disposed above and/or below the LC layer 210.
As seen in
The emission layer 250 may absorb at least a portion of light that passes through the color conversion member 240 and the second polarizer 230, and emit light of a wavelength different from that of the absorbed light. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the emission layer 250 may emit at least blue light. The emission layer 250 may include a quantum dot or a fluorescent substance. The emission layer 250 may further include at least one of blue pigment, dye, and a scatterer in addition to a material that emits light, such as the quantum dot or the fluorescent substance. In this manner, the addition of at least one of the blue pigment, the dye, and the scatterer may increase the brightness of emitted blue light.
Taking into account a light path, the emission layer 250 may be disposed above the second polarizer 230. That is, light that passes through the LC layer 210 may be allowed to pass through the second polarizer 230 and then pass through the emission layer 250. When light passes through the emission layer 250 prior to the second polarizer 230, the polarization direction of the light changes and a portion of the light that should pass through the second polarizer 230 may not pass through the second polarizer 230, or a portion of the light that should not pass through the second polarizer 230 may pass through the second polarizer 230. In this manner, a desired image may not be produced.
At least a portion of the emission layer 250 may satisfy the following Condition 2:
when d2>d1, then I2>I1 Condition 2
According to one or more exemplary embodiments, d1 and d2 represent lengths of light paths that pass through the emission layer 150, and I2 and I1 represent intensities of light that passes through the paths corresponding to the lengths of d2 and d1, respectively, and is emitted from the emission layer 150 to the outside. It is noted that d1 and d2 may be lengths of paths that are substantially straight lines. For instance, d1 may represent a path to emit light in a normal direction and d2 may be a path to emit light in a lateral direction.
Condition 2 means that the intensity of light that is absorbed by the emission layer 250 while passing through the emission layer 250 in a normal direction and emitted from the emission layer 250 may be less than the intensity of light that is absorbed by the emission layer 250 while passing through the emission layer 250 in a lateral direction and emitted from the emission layer 250. Condition 2 is applicable when an angle inclined with respect to the normal direction is in a range greater than 0 degrees and less than about 55 degrees. In a range greater than about 55 degrees, a path that passes through the emission layer 250 is excessively lengthened, and, as such, the intensity of light emitted from the emission layer 250 may be reduced.
As seen in
Referring to
According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the color conversion member 340 is disposed between the LC layer 310 and the second polarizer 330, and the color conversion member 340 may convert light incident on the color conversion member 340 into light of a determined color. To this end, the color conversion member 340 may include a red pixel region, a green pixel region, and a blue pixel region.
The red pixel region, the green pixel region, and the blue pixel region may include a red color filter 340R, a green color filter 340G, and a blue color filter 340B, respectively. The thickness t2 of the blue color filter 340B may be greater than the thickness t1 of the red color filter 340R and the green color filter 340G. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the LCD device 3 may not include a white pixel region for improving brightness. The LCD device 3 may reduce even more of a color shift that depends on a viewing angle by reducing a color shift that may increase due to the white pixel region. Additionally, making the thickness t2 of the blue color filter 340B larger than the thicknesses of the other color filters 340R and 340G, and, thereby, making the thickness of a portion of the LC layer 310 that corresponds to the blue pixel region relatively thin enables the LCD device 3 to improve brightness and reduce a color shift that depends on a viewing angle. A black matrix 341 for preventing (or at least reducing) color mixing may be disposed between the respective pixel regions.
The LCD device 3 may include the second polarizer 330 disposed on the color conversion member 340, and the second polarizer 330 may be a WGP. A planarization layer 380 may be disposed between the color conversion member 340 and the second polarizer 330. The LCD device 3 may include the emission layer 350 disposed on the second polarizer 330. The emission layer 350 may include a thin film in order to transmit most, e.g., about 80% or more, of light that passes through the color conversion member 340 and the second polarizer 330. For example, the emission layer 350 may have a thickness of about 0.5 μm or less. To this end, the emission layer 350 may absorb at least a portion of light that passes through the color conversion member 340 and the second polarizer 330, and emit light of a wavelength different from that of the absorbed light. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the emission layer 350 may emit at least blue light.
The emission layer 350 may include a quantum dot or a fluorescent substance. The emission layer 350 may further include at least one of blue pigment, dye and a scatterer in addition to a material that emits light, such as the quantum dot or the fluorescent substance. In this manner, the addition of the blue pigment, the dye, and the scatterer may increase the brightness of emitted blue light.
As seen in
Referring to
According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the color conversion member 440 may be disposed between the LC layer 410 and the second polarizer 430, and may convert light incident on the conversion member 440 to light of a determined color. To this end, the color conversion member 440 may include a red pixel region, a green pixel region, a blue pixel region, and a white pixel region.
The red pixel region, the green pixel region, the blue pixel region, and the white pixel region may include a red color filter 440R, a green color filter 440G, a blue color filter 440B, and a white color filter 440W, respectively. The red color filter 440R, the green color filter 440G, and the blue color filter 440B may include materials in which red, green, and blue pigment or dye are added to transparent resins, respectively. The white color filter 440W may include a material in which a light scatterer, etc., is added to a transparent resin. The LCD device 4 may include the white pixel region, so that the brightness of the LCD device 4 may be improved due to the white pixel region. A black matrix 441 for preventing (or at least reducing) color mixing may be disposed between the respective pixel regions.
The LCD device 4 may include the second polarizer 430 disposed on the color conversion member 440, and the second polarizer 430 may be a WGP. A planarization layer 480 may be disposed between the color conversion member 440 and the second polarizer 430. The LCD device 4 may include the emission layer 450 disposed on the second polarizer 430. The emission layer 450 may be patterned to correspond to the blue pixel region and the white pixel region. The emission layer 450 may include a thin film in order to transmit most, e.g., about 80% or more, of light that passes through the blue pixel region and the white pixel region of the color conversion member 440 and the second polarizer 430. For example, the emission layer 450 may have a thickness of about 0.5 μm or less.
The emission layer 450 may absorb at least a portion of light that passes through the color conversion member 440 and the second polarizer 430, and emit light of a wavelength different from that of the absorbed light. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, the emission layer 450 may emit at least blue light. Further, the emission layer 450 may include a quantum dot or a fluorescent substance. The emission layer 450 may further include blue pigment, dye and/or a scatterer in addition to a material that emits light, such as the quantum dot or the fluorescent substance. The addition of the blue pigment, the dye, and the scatterer may increase the brightness of emitted blue light.
As described with reference to
As seen in
According to one or more exemplary embodiments, an LCD device that resolves brightness reduction and a color shift that depend on a viewing angle may be provided.
Although certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have been described herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparent from this description. Accordingly, the inventive concept is not limited to such embodiments, but rather to the broader scope of the presented claims and various obvious modifications and equivalent arrangements.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2015-0089086 | Jun 2015 | KR | national |
