Patent Application
20240228877
This application is a U.S. National Application filed under 35 U.S.C. § 111, claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of and to European Patent Application No. 22212032.1, filed Dec. 7, 2022, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for all purposes.
The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline (LC) media having positive dielectric anisotropy and to liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) containing these media, especially to displays addressed by an active matrix and, in particular, to energy saving LC displays of the TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-FFS, SA-HB-FFS, SA-XB-FFS, polymer stabilised SA-HB-FFS, polymer stabilised SA-XB-FFS, positive VA or positive PS-VA type.
LCDs are used in many areas for the display of information. LCDs are used both for direct-view displays and for projection-type displays. The electro-optical modes used are, for example, the twisted nematic (TN), super twisted nematic (STN), optically compensated bend (OCB) and electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) modes together with their various modifications, as well as others. All these modes utilise an electric field which generated substantially perpendicular to the substrates and the LC layer.
Besides these modes, there are also electro-optical modes that utilise an electric field which is substantially parallel to the substrates or the LC layer. For example, WO 91/10936 discloses a LC display in which the electric signals are generated in such a way that the electric fields have a significant component parallel to the LC layer, and which has since then become known as in-plane switching IPS) display. The principles of operating such a display are described, for example, by R. A. Soref in Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 45, No. 12, pp. 5466-5468 (1974). IPS displays contain an LC layer between two substrates with planar orientation, where the two electrodes are arranged on only one of the two substrates and preferably have interdigitated, comb-shaped structures. On application of a voltage to the electrodes an electric field with a significant component parallel to the LC layer is generated between them. This causes realignment of the LC molecules in the layer plane.
EP 0 588 568, for example, discloses various possibilities for the design of the electrodes and for addressing an IPS display. DE 198 24 137 likewise describes various embodiments of such IPS displays.
Liquid-crystalline materials for IPS displays of this type are described, for example, in DE 195 28 104.
Furthermore, so-called “fringe-field switching” (FFS) displays have been reported (see, inter alia S. H. Jung et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Volume 43, No. 3, 2004, 1028), which contain two electrodes on the same substrate, one of which is structured in a comb-shaped manner and the other is unstructured. A strong, so-called “fringe field” is thereby generated, i.e. a strong electric field close to the edge of the electrodes, and, throughout the cell, an electric field which has both a strong vertical component and also a strong horizontal component. FFS displays have a low viewing-angle dependence of the contrast. FFS displays usually contain an LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy, and an alignment layer, usually of polyimide, which provides planar alignment to the molecules of the LC medium.
Liquid-crystal displays of the IPS and FFS electro-optical mode are in particular suitable for use in modern to energy saving desktop monitors, TV sets and multi-media applications. The LC media according to the present invention are preferably used in displays of this type. In general, dielectrically positive LC media having rather lower values of the dielectric anisotropy are used in FFS displays, but in some cases LC media having a dielectric anisotropy of only about 3 or even less are also used in IPS displays.
A further improvement has been achieved by the HB-FFS mode. One of the unique features of the HB-FFS mode in contrast to the traditional FFS technology is that it enables higher transmittance which allows operation of the panel with less energy consumption.
Another recently developed mode is the XB-FFS mode, wherein the LC medium additionally contains a polar liquid crystal compound with low dielectric anisotropy.
Liquid-crystal compositions which are suitable for LCDs and especially for FFS and IPS displays are known in prior art, for example, from JP 07-181 439 (A), EP 0 667 555, EP 0 673 986, DE 195 09 410, DE 195 28 106 and DE 195 28 107. However, these compositions have certain disadvantages. Amongst other deficiencies, most of them result in disadvantageously long addressing times, have inadequate values of the resistivity and/or require excessively high operating voltages. Both an improvement in the operating properties and also in the shelf life are necessary here.
FFS and IPS displays can be operated as active-matrix displays (AMD) or passive-matrix displays (PMD). In the case of active-matrix displays individual pixels are usually addressed by integrated, non-linear active elements such as, for example, thin-film transistors (TFTs), while in the case of passive-matrix displays individual pixels are usually addressed by the multiplex method as known from the prior art.
The displays according to the present invention are preferably addressed by an active matrix, preferably by a matrix of TFT. However, the liquid crystals according to the invention can also advantageously be used in displays having other known addressing means.
Typical applications of in-plane switching (IPS) and fringe field switching (FFS) technologies are monitors, notebooks, televisions, mobile telephones, tablet PCs, etc.
Both the IPS and the FFS technology have certain advantages over other LCD technologies, such as, for example, the vertical alignment (VA) technology, e.g. a broad viewing angle dependency of the contrast.
The provision of further LC media and the use thereof in a display having high transmission, a good black state and a high contrast ratio is a central challenge for modern FFS and IPS applications. In addition, modern applications also require good low-temperature stability and fast addressing times.
Matrix liquid crystal display (MFK) displays with full array LED backlighting, which have become increasingly common in recent years, include a large number of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged directly behind the layer with the FK medium. Modern high-performance InGaN LEDs sometimes reach operating temperatures of more than 70° C. and, depending on the design, can also emit UV radiation. Direct contact between the LEDs and the FRP medium therefore places special demands on the UV stability and temperature resistance of the FRP medium. State-of-the-art MFK displays often do not meet today's requirements.
Recently, MFK displays have been increasingly used in outdoor applications such as PIDs (Public Information Displays) for displaying various types of information at train stations, roads, airports, hotels and shopping malls. Compared to conventional MFK displays, such as those used in TV applications, PIDs should have much higher long-term resistance to solar UV radiation and elevated temperatures, as well as a wider operating temperature range.
The present invention has the object of providing LC media, in particular for FFS and IPS displays, but also for TN, positive VA or STN displays, and in particular for active-matrix displays like those addressed by TFTs, which do not exhibit the disadvantages indicated above or only do so to a lesser extent and preferably have high specific resistance, low threshold voltage, high dielectric anisotropy, a good low temperature stability (LTS), fast response times and low rotational viscosities, an excellent long term stability against UV radiation and increased operating temperatures and enable high brightness.
Until now, it was not possible to design suitable LC media having a sufficient long-term stability against increased temperatures and solar UV radiation as well as a high contrast ratio e.g. high elastic constant Kav, low temperature stability and low response times.
The invention has the object of providing suitable LC media, in particular for FFS and IPS displays, but also for TN, positive VA or STN displays, and in particular for active-matrix displays like those addressed by TFTs, which do not exhibit the disadvantages indicated above or only do so to a lesser extent and preferably have high specific resistance, low threshold voltage, high dielectric anisotropy, a good low temperature stability (LTS), fast response times and low rotational viscosities, and enable high brightness. Additionally, the media need to have an improved long-term stability against UV radiation and elevated temperatures.
This was achieved by providing LC media as described and claimed hereinafter.
US 2021/189241 A1 describes a LC medium, which comprises compounds of the Formulae T and L
However, for many outdoor applications in LC displays, the known LC media comprising compounds such as those of the Formulae T and L are not sufficiently stable. In particular, a long-term exposure to UV solar radiation, but also even irradiation with the usual backlighting, may result in an impairment, in particular of the electrical properties. Thus, for example, the conductivity of the LC medium increases significantly.
WO 2020/245081 A1 discloses examples of LC media comprising
and a combination of a hindered amine type stabilizer (HALS) and a hindered phenol type antioxidant. The LC media described in WO 2020/245081 A1 have a relatively good long term UV and thermal stability. Nevertheless, a further stability improvement of the media of WO 2020/245081 A1 would enable their use in even a broader variety of outdoor applications.
Furthermore, in case of FFS displays there is a need for further optimization of response time, contrast, brightness and reliability, in particular of the voltage holding ratio (VHR) and reduction of flickering. However, it was found that the LC materials of the prior art do often not achieve all these requirements at the same time.
It has now been surprisingly found that LC media according to the present invention which contain a combination of compounds of the Formula LP1 and/or LP2 and two or more compounds of the Formula ST
in which the individual radicals in LP1, on each occurrence identically or differently, and each, independently of one another, have the following meaning:
Additionally, the LC media according to the present invention have high clearing points, an excellent low temperature stability (LTS) and provide a best motion picture quality and an improved overall image quality, in particular a high contrast.
The present invention relates to a LC medium, characterised in that it comprises one or more compounds selected from Formula LP1 and LP2,
The LC media according to the present invention are especially suitable for use in LC displays of the FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS and IPS mode based on dielectrically positive liquid crystals, and polymer stabilised variants thereof.
The invention further relates to the use of a LC medium as described above and below for electro-optical purposes, in particular for the use in LC displays, shutter glasses, LC windows, 3D applications, preferably in TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-HB-FFS, PS-XB-FFS, SA-HB-FFS, SA-XB-FFS, polymer stabilised SA-HB-FFS, polymer stabilised SA-XB-FFS, positive VA and positive PS-VA displays, very preferably in FFS, HB-FFS, IPS, PS-HB-FFS and PS-IPS displays.
The invention further relates to an electro-optical LC display containing a LC medium as described above and below, in particular a TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-HB-FFS, PS-XB-FFS, SA-HB-FFS, SA-XB-FFS, polymer stabilised SA-HB-FFS, polymer stabilised SA-XB-FFS, positive VA or positive PS-VA display, preferably a FFS, HB-FFS, IPS, PS-HB-FFS or PS-IPS display.
In the present application, all atoms also include their isotopes. In some embodiments one or more hydrogen atoms (H) may be optionally substituted by deuterium (D); a high degree of deuteration enables or simplifies analytical determination of compounds, in particular in the case of low concentrations.
In the Formulae LP1, LP2 and ST R0, R2, R21 and R22 preferably denote an alkyl radical and/or an alkoxy radical, this may be straight-chain or branched. It is preferably straight-chain, has 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 C atoms and accordingly preferably denotes ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, or hexyloxy, furthermore methyl, methoxy. R0 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or an alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 C atoms.
Oxaalkyl preferably denotes straight-chain 2-oxapropyl (=methoxymethyl), 2-(=ethoxymethyl) or 3-oxabutyl (=2-methoxyethyl), 2-, 3- or 4-oxapentyl, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-oxahexyl.
If R0, R2, R21 and R22 denotes an alkoxy or oxaalkyl group it may also contain one or more additional oxygen atoms, provided that oxygen atoms are not linked directly to one another.
In another preferred embodiment, one or more of R0, R2, R21 and R22 are selected from the group consisting of
—S1—F, —O—S1—F, —O—S1—O—S2, wherein S1 is C1-12-alkylene or C2-12-alkenylene and S2 is H, C1-12-alkyl or C2-12-alkenyl, and very preferably one or more of R0 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of
—OCH2OCH3, —O(CH2)2OCH3, —O(CH2)3OCH3, —O(CH2)4OCH3, —O(CH2)2F, —O(CH2)3F, —O(CH2)4F.
If R0, R2, R21 and R22 denotes an alkenyl radical, this may be straight-chain or branched. It is preferably straight-chain and has 2 to 10 C atoms. Accordingly, it denotes, in particular, vinyl, prop-1- or -2-enyl, but-1-, -2- or -3-enyl, pent-1-, -2-, -3- or -4-enyl, hex-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-enyl, hept-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-enyl, oct-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6- or -7-enyl, non-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or -8-enyl, dec-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7-, -8- or -9-enyl.
If R0, R2, R21 and R22 denotes an alkyl or alkenyl radical which is at least mono-substituted by halogen, this radical is preferably straight-chain, and halogen is preferably F or Cl. In the case of polysubstitution, halogen is preferably F. The resultant radicals also include perfluorinated radicals. In the case of monosubstitution, the fluorine or chlorine substituent may be in any desired position, but is preferably in the on-position.
In the Formula LP2, X2 is preferably F or a mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1, 2 or 3 C atoms or a mono- or polyfluorinated alkenyl radical having 2 or 3 C atoms. X2 is particularly preferably F, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, OCFHCF3, OCFHCHF2, OCFHCHF2, OCF2CH3, OCF2CHF2, OCF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CHF2, OCFHCF2CF3, OCFHCF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CF3, OCH═CF2 or CH═CF2, very particularly preferably F or OCF3, furthermore CF3, OCF═CF2, OCHF2 or OCH═CF2.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds of general Formulae LP1 and LP2 can be represented by one of the following:
In a further embodiment, the one or more compounds of the Formulae LP1 and LP2 are described by the Formulae LP1-1 and LP2-1:
Very preferred compounds of the Formula LP1 are those selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:
wherein Y0 is H or CH3, preferably H.
Very preferred are the compounds of the Formulae LP1-1a, LP1-1b and LP1-1c, most preferred is the compound Formula LP1-1a.
Particularly preferred compounds of the Formula LP2 are those selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:
wherein Y0 is H or CH3, preferably H.
Very preferred are the compounds of the Formulae LP2-1a, LP2-1a, LP2-1c, and LP2-1d, most preferred is the compound Formula LP2-1b.
The proportion of the compounds of the Formula LP1 or LP2 or its subformulae in the LC medium is preferably from 2 to 35%, very preferably from 3 to 30%, most preferably from 4 to 20% by weight.
Preferably, the LC medium contains 1, 2 or 3 compounds of the Formulae LP1 or LP2 or their subformulae.
In addition to compounds of the Formulae LP1 and/or LP2, the LC medium of the present invention comprises two or more compounds of general Formula ST:
in which the individual substituents
have the following meanings:
denotes
In the compounds of the Formula ST and its subformulae R21 and R22 preferably denote straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, most preferably n-propyl. Preferred compounds of the Formula ST are those wherein X21 and X22 denote —O—, or —CH2-.
LC media comprising compounds of the following sub-formulae ST-1, ST-2 and ST-3 show a particularly high long-term thermal and UV stability:
denotes
In particularly preferred embodiments, the compounds of general Formula ST can be selected from the following specific structures:
In a further preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention may comprise at least one further sterically hindered phenol, which is mentioned in Table B below.
In addition to compounds of the Formulae LP1 and/or LP2 and ST as defined above the LC medium may optionally comprise one or more compounds of the Formula H
in which
denotes an organic moiety having (m+n) bonding sites.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the compounds of the Formula H,
denotes
denotes
denotes —(CH2—)2, —(CH2—)3, —(CH2—)4, —(CH2—)5, —(CH2—)6, —(CH2—)7, —(CH2—)8, i.e. ethane-1,2-diyl, propane-1,3-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl, hexane-1,6-diyl, heptane-1,7-diyl, octane-1,8-diyl,
and/or
wherein
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the compounds of the Formula H,
denotes a group selected from the group of the formulae
In a further preferred embodiment of the present application, in the compounds of the Formula H,
denotes a group selected from the group of the formulae
In yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the compounds of the Formula H in which p preferably denotes 1, the group
denotes
preferably —O—S11—O—, —S11—O— or —O—S11—, particularly preferably —O—S11—O— or —S11—O—.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the compounds of the Formula H, the group
denotes a group selected from the group of the formulae
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention in which p is 2, which may be identical to or different from those described above, in the compounds of the Formula H,
denotes a group selected from the group of the formulae
In yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, which may be identical to or different from those described above, in the compounds of the Formula H, the group
on each occurrence, independently of one another, denotes
Compounds of the following general Formulae H-1-1, H-1-2 and H-1-3, showed to be particularly efficient UV stabilisers in LC mixtures, in particular, in terms of VHR stability:
wherein ZG, R16 and n are as defined above and n denotes an integer from 1 to 8. These compounds are highly suitable as stabilisers in LC mixtures and stabilise the VHR of the mixtures upon a UV exposure.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more compounds of the Formula H may be selected from the group consisting of the compounds the following Formulae H-2-1 to H-2-6:
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the media according to the invention comprise in each case one or more compounds of the Formula H selected from the following group of the compounds of the formulae
The preferred content of the one or more compounds of Formula H in the LC medium depends inter alia on the inherent chemical stability of the LC medium as well as on the nature of the compound of Formula H. Compounds of Formula H in which R16 denotes O·, which are known as NO radical type HALS are preferably used in proportion ranging from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm, based on the weight of the LC medium. Compounds of Formula H in which R16 denotes an H atom, which are known as NH radical type HALS are advantageously used in proportion ranging from 50 ppm to 2000 ppm, based on the weight of the LC medium.
In addition to the compounds of the Formulae LP1 and/or LP2 and ST, the LC medium may advantageously contain one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:
wherein
Preferred compounds of the Formula Z1 to Z6 are those selected from the following subformulae:
In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the Formula Z1 or its preferred subformulae and/or one or more compounds selected from Formulae Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5 or their preferred subformulae.
Preferably, the total proportion of compounds of the Formula Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 and Z6 or their subformulae, such as CC-3-V in the LC medium is from 10 to 65%, very preferably from 20 to 60%, most preferably from 25 to 55% by weight. In yet a more preferred embodiment, the compound of the Formula Z1-1 is used in concentrations ranging from 10 wt.-% to 60 wt.-%, more preferably 10 wt.-% to 40 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the LC medium.
Preferably, the LC medium contains 1, 2 or 3 compounds selected from the Formulae Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 or their subformulae.
The LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds of the following general formulae:
in which R1 and R2 each, independently of one another, denote n-alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 6 C atoms.
The compounds of the Formula XII are preferably selected from the following subformulae:
wherein “alkyl” and “alkyl*” each, independently of one another, denote methyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl.
Particular preference is given to the compounds of the Formulae XIIa. In the Formula IXb, “alkyl” preferably, independently of one another, denotes n-C3H7, n-C4H9 or n-C5H11, in particular n-C3H7.
Preferred compound of subformula XIIa is XIIa-1:
The LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:
in which L1 and L2 have the meanings indicated in Formulae LP1 and LP2, and R1 and R2 each, independently of one another, denote n-alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 6 C atoms, and preferably each, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms; in the compound of the Formula XIV, at least one of the radicals R1 and R2 preferably denotes alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms.
The LC medium may further comprise one or more compounds of the Formula XIV in which at least one of the radicals R1 and R2 denotes alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, preferably those selected from the following subformulae:
in which “alkyl” has the meaning indicated above, and preferably denotes methyl, ethyl or propyl;
The compounds of the Formulae XIV are preferably selected from the following subformulae:
Very preferred are compounds of the Formula XIVd1;
In yet a further embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the Formula XVI,
in which R1 and R2 have the meanings indicated for R0 in Formula LP1, respectively, and preferably each, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. L denotes H or F.
Particularly preferred compounds of the Formula XVI are those of the subformulae
in which
Particular preference is given to the compounds of the Formulae XVIb and XVIc. Very particular preference is given to the compounds of the following subformulae
in which
Very preferred are compounds of the Formula XVIIa wherein L is H. Very preferred are compounds of the Formula XVIIb wherein L is F.
The LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds of the following formulae:
in which L, R1 and R2 have the meanings indicated in Formula LP1 for L1, R0 and R2, respectively. R1 and R2 preferably denote alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 6 C atoms.
In a further embodiment, the LC medium may comprise one or more compounds of the following formulae:
in which R1 and R2 have the meanings indicated for compound of the Formula XXXIII. Preferably, R1 denotes alkyl or alkenyl having 1-6 or 2-6 C atoms respectively and R2 denotes alkenyl having 2-6 C atoms.
Preferred compounds of the Formula XXXIV include, in particular,
in which “alkyl” denotes an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms.
In some further embodiments, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the following formulae:
in which R1 and R2 have the meanings indicated in Formulae LP1 for R0 and R2, respectively, and preferably each, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.
In a further preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the following Formula S:
in which the individual substituents have the following meanings:
—O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by a halogen atom or a cycloalkyl or a cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by a halogen atom,
Preference is given to compounds of the Formula S in which A0 denotes phenylene-1,4-diyl, in which, in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, OCH3, OCHF2, CF3 or OCF3. Particularly preferred are compounds in which A0 denotes
more preferably
and very particularly preferably in which
The preferred compounds of the Formula S result in media having a particularly high clearing point, low rotational viscosity, a broad nematic phase, high birefringence and an excellent thermal and UV stability.
Particularly preferred compounds of the Formula S are those selected from the following sub-formulae:
in which R1 and R2 have the meanings indicated in general Formula S, and L1 to L6 independently denote H or F. R1 and R2 therein preferably denote optionally fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, optionally fluorinated alkenyl or alkynyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, optionally fluorinated cycloalkyl having 3 to 12 C atoms.
Particularly preferred are optionally fluorinated alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, or alkenyl or alkynyl having 2 to 5 C atoms. L2 in the Formulae S-1-1 to S-1-6 preferably denotes F. In the Formulae S-1-4 to S-1-6, L3 and L4 preferably denote H. In the Formulae S-1-4 to S-1-6 L3 and L4 preferably denote F.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds of the Formula S are represented by the following structure:
where R1 has the same meaning as in the general Formula S and
In a further preferred embodiment, the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formulae: Formulae II and III:
wherein
Preferred compounds of the Formula II and III are those wherein Y0 is H.
Further preferred compounds of the Formula II and III are those wherein R0 denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl or propyl, and X0 denotes F or OCF3, very preferably F.
The LC medium may comprise one or more compounds of the Formula II selected from the following subformulae:
in which R0 and X0 have the meanings given in Formula II.
Preferred compounds are those of the Formula II-1, II-2 and II-3, very preferred those of the Formula II-1 and II-2.
In the compounds of the Formulae II-1 to II-7 R0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl or propyl, and X0 preferably denotes F or OCF3, very preferably F.
The LC medium may contain one or more compounds of the Formula II or their subformulae as described above and below wherein Y0 is CH3, very preferably, the LC medium according to this preferred embodiment comprises one or more compounds of the Formula II selected from the following subformulae:
in which R0 and X0 have the meanings given in Formula II.
Preferred compounds are those of the Formula IIA-1, IIA-2 and IIA-3, very preferred those of the Formula IIA-1 and IIA-2.
In the compounds of the Formulae IIA-1 to IIA-7 R0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl or propyl, and X0 preferably denotes F or OCF3, very preferably F.
The LC medium may comprise one or more compounds of the Formula III selected from the following subformulae:
in which R0 and X0 have the meanings given in Formula II.
Preferred compounds are those of the Formula III-1, III-4, III-6, III-16, III-19 and III-20.
In the compounds of the Formulae III-1 to III-22 R0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl or propyl, X0 preferably denotes F or OCF3, very preferably F, and Y2 preferably denotes F.
The LC medium may contain one or more compounds of the Formula III or their subformulae as described above and below wherein Y0 is CH3, Very preferably, the LC medium according to this preferred embodiment comprises one or more compounds of the Formula III selected from the following subformulae:
in which R0 and X0 have the meanings given in Formula III.
Preferred compounds are those of the Formula IIIA-1, IIIA-4, IIIA-6, IIIA-16, IIIA-19 and IIIA-20.
In the compounds of the Formulae IIIA-1 to IIIA-21 R0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl or propyl, X0 preferably denotes F or OCF3, very preferably F, and Y2 preferably denotes F.
The LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:
in which
The compounds of the Formula IV are preferably selected from the following formulae:
in which R0 and X0 have the meanings indicated in Formulae II and III.
R0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. X0 preferably denotes F or OCF3, furthermore OCF═CF2 or Cl;
The compounds of the Formula IVa are preferably selected from the following subformula:
The compounds of the Formula IVb are preferably represented by the following formula:
The compounds of the Formula IVc are preferably selected from the following subformula:
in which R0 has the meanings indicated in Formula II and is preferably propyl or pentyl.
The compound(s) of the Formula IVc, in particular of the Formula IVc-1, is (are) preferably employed in the mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 1-20% by weight, particularly preferably 2-15% by weight.
The compounds of the Formula V are preferably selected from the following subformulae:
The compounds of the Formula VI are preferably selected from the following subformulae:
in which R0 and X0 have the meanings indicated in Formula II.
The compounds of the Formula VII are preferably selected from the following subformulae:
in which R0 and X0 have the meanings indicated in Formula II.
In some embodiments, the LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:
in which
Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the Formula XXa,
in which R0 has the meanings indicated in Formula LP1. R0 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, in particular ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl and very particularly preferably n-propyl.
The compound(s) of the Formula XX, in particular of the Formula XXa, is (are) preferably employed in the mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 0-15% by weight, particularly preferably 1-10% by weight.
Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the Formula XXIa,
in which R0 has the meanings indicated in Formula LP1. R0 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, in particular ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl and very particularly preferably n-propyl.
The compound(s) of the Formula XXI, in particular of the Formula XXIa, is (are) preferably employed in the mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 1-15% by weight, particularly preferably 2-10% by weight.
Further preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the Formula XXIIIa,
in which R0 has the meanings indicated in Formula LP1. R0 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, in particular ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl and very particularly preferably n-propyl.
The compound(s) of the Formula XXIII, in particular of the Formula XXIIIa, is (are) preferably employed in the mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 0.5-5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5-2% by weight.
The LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the Formula XXIV,
in which R0, X0 and L1-6 have the meanings indicated in Formula III, s denotes 0 or 1, and
denotes
In the Formula XXIV, X0 may also denote an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms or an alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 C atoms. The alkyl or alkoxy radical is preferably straight-chain.
The compounds of the Formula XXIV are preferably selected from the following subformulae:
in which R0, X0 and Y1 have the meanings indicated in Formula III. R0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. X0 preferably denotes F, and Y1 is preferably F.
is preferably
The LC medium may further comprise one or more compounds of the following formulae:
in which R1 and X0 have the meanings indicated in Formula LP2 for R0 and X2, respectively. R1 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. X0 preferably denotes F or Cl. In the Formula XXIV, X0 very particularly preferably denotes Cl.
The LC medium may also comprise one or more compounds of the following formulae:
in which R1 and X0 have the meanings indicated in Formula LP2 for R0 and X2, respectively. R1 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. X0 preferably denotes F. The LC medium according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of the Formula XXIX in which X0 preferably denotes F.
The compound(s) of the Formulae XXVI-XXIX is (are) preferably employed in the LC medium according to the invention in amounts of 1-20% by weight, particularly preferably 1-15% by weight. Particularly preferred LC medium comprise at least one compound of the Formula XXIX.
Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the Formula XXIXa:
in which R1 has the meanings indicated in Formula LP1 for R0, and preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, in particular ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl and very particularly preferably n-propyl.
The compound(s) of the Formula XXIXa is (are) preferably employed in the LC medium according to the invention in amounts of 1-15% by weight, particularly preferably 2-10% by weight.
The LC medium may further comprise one or more compounds of the following pyrimidine or pyridine compounds of the formulae:
in which R1 and X0 have the meanings indicated in Formula LP2 for R0 and X2, respectively. R1 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. X0 preferably denotes F. The LC medium according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of the Formula XXX-1, in which X0 preferably denotes F. The compound(s) of the Formulae XXX-1 to XXX-3 is (are) preferably employed in the mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 1-20% by weight, particularly preferably 1-15% by weight.
In one preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the LC medium contains, in addition to the compounds of the Formulae LP1 and/or LP2 and ST, one or more compounds selected from the Formulae Y and B:
in which the individual radicals, on each occurrence identically or differently, and each, independently of one another, have the following meanings:
Preferably, the LC medium according to this first preferred embodiment contains one or more compounds of the Formulae LP1 and/or LP2 and ST, one or more compounds selected from Formulae Z1, Z2 and Z3, and one or more compounds selected from Formulae Y and B.
The LC media according to this first preferred embodiment are especially suitable for use in LC displays of the HB-FFS or PS-HB-FFS mode.
In a second preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the LC medium does not contain a compound of the Formulae Y or B.
In the compounds of the Formula Y and its subformulae, R1 and R2 preferably denote straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, furthermore alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular vinyl, 1E-propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 3E-pentenyl or 4-pentenyl.
In the compounds of the Formula Y and its subformulae, preferably both radicals L1 and L2 denote F. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the compounds of the Formula Y and its subformulae one of the radicals L1 and L2 denotes F and the other denotes Cl.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the Formula Y selected from the following subformulae:
wherein L1, L2, R1, R2, Zx, Zy have the meanings given in Formula Y or one of the preferred meanings given above in Formula LP1,
Preferably, in the compounds of the Formula Y1 and Y2 both L1 and L2 denote F or one of L1 and L2 denotes F and the other denotes Cl, or both L3 and L4 denote F or one of L3 and L4 denotes F and the other denotes Cl.
Preferably, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the Formula Y1 selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:
in which
Very preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the Formula Y1 selected from Formulae Y1-1, Y1-2, Y1-7, Y1-12, Y1-17, Y1-22, Y1-40, Y1-41, Y1-42, Y1-44, Y1-50 and Y1-68. L5 preferably denotes a H atom.
Further preferably, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the Formula Y2 selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:
in which
Very preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the Formula Y2 selected from Formulae Y2-2 and Y2-10.
The proportion of the compounds of the Formula Y1 or its subformulae in the LC medium is preferably from 0 to 10% by weight.
The proportion of the compounds of the Formula Y2 or its subformulae in the LC medium is preferably from 0 to 10% by weight.
The total proportion of the compounds of the Formula Y1 and Y2 or their subformulae in the LC medium is preferably from 1 to 20%, very preferably from 2 to 15% by weight.
Preferably, the LC medium contains 1, 2 or 3 compounds of the Formula Y1 and Y2 or their subformulae, very preferably selected from Formulae Y1-2, Y1-22, Y1-66, Y1-70, Y2-6 and Y2-22.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the Formula Y selected from the following subformula
wherein L1, L2, R1 and R2 have one of the meanings given in Formula Y.
Preferred compounds of the Formula Y3 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae
in which,
Particularly preferred compounds of the Formula Y3 are selected from the group consisting of following subformulae:
wherein “alkoxy” and “alkoxy” each, independently of one another, preferably denote straight-chain alkoxy with 3, 4, or 5 C atoms.
Preferably, in the compounds of the Formula Y3 and its subformulae both L1 and L2 denote F. Further preferably in the compounds of the Formula Y3 one of the radicals L1 and L2 denotes F and the other denotes Cl.
The proportion of the compounds of the Formula Y3 or its subformulae in the LC medium is preferably from 1 to 10%, very preferably from 1 to 6% by weight.
Preferably, the LC medium contains 1, 2 or 3 compounds of the Formula Y3 or its subformulae, preferably of the Formula Y3-6, very preferably of the Formula Y3-6A.
In another preferred embodiment the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the Formula Y selected from the subformula Y4:
in which R1 and R2 each, independently of one another, have one of the meanings indicated above in Formula Y, and
each, independently of one another, denote
in which L5 denotes F or Cl, preferably F, and L6 denotes F, Cl, OCF3, CF3, CH3, CH2F or CHF2, preferably F, and preferably at least one of the rings G, I and K is different from unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene.
Preferred compounds of the Formula Y4 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:
in which
The proportion of the compounds of the Formula Y4 or its subformulae in the LC medium is preferably from 1 to 10%, very preferably from 1 to 6% by weight.
Particularly preferred compounds are those of the subformulae:
in which
Use of the following compounds is particularly advantageous:
In another preferred embodiment the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the Formula Y selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:
in which R5 has one of the meanings indicated above in Formula Y for R1,
Further preferred embodiments are indicated below:
In the compounds of the Formula B and its subformulae, R1 and R3 preferably denote straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy, furthermore alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular vinyl, 1E-propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 3E-pentenyl or 4-pentenyl.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the Formula B selected from the following subformulae:
wherein L1, L2, R1 and R3 have the meanings given in Formula B.
Preferred compounds of the Formula B1 are selected from the following subformulae:
wherein R1 and R3 independently denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, in which one or more CH2 groups are optionally substituted by —C≡C—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH═CH—,
—O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by a halogen atom. Very preferred are compounds of the Formula B1-1 and B1-2 wherein both groups (O) denote an oxygen atom and R1 and R3 independently denote an alkyl group being methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl, which are preferably straight-chained. Very preferably, one “alkyl” is ethyl and the other “alkyl” is n-pentyl.
Very preferred are compounds of the Formula B1-2.
Preferably, the compounds of the Formula B1-1 are selected from the group of compounds of the Formulae B1-1-1 to B1-1-11, preferably of the Formula B1-1-6:
in which
Preferably, the compounds of the Formula B1-2 are selected from the group of compounds of the Formulae B1-2-1 to B1-2-10, preferably of the Formula B1-2-6:
in which
Optionally, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the Formula B1-1A and/or B1-2A
in which
The compounds of the Formulae B1-1A and/or B1-2A are contained in the LC medium either alternatively or in addition to the compounds of the Formulae B1-1 and B1-2, preferably additionally.
Very preferred compounds of the Formulae B1-1A and/or B1-2A are the following:
in which “alkoxy” denotes a straight-chain alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 C atoms or alternatively —(CH2)nF in which n is 2, 3, 4, or 5, preferably C2H4F.
The proportion of the compounds of the Formula B1 or its subformulae in the LC medium is preferably from 1 to 20%, very preferably from 1 to 15% by weight.
Preferably, the LC medium contains 1, 2 or 3 compounds of the Formula B1 or its subformulae.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium may comprise one or more compounds of the Formula B2-2
in which
The compounds of the Formula B2-2 are preferably selected from the group of compounds of the Formulae B2-2-1 to B2-2-10:
in which R3 denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C-atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl or alternatively —(CH2)nF in which n is 2, 3, 4, or 5, preferably C2H4F.
Particularly preferred compounds of the Formula B2 are selected from the following subformulae:
The proportion of the compounds of the Formula B2 or its subformulae in the LC medium is preferably from 1 to 20%, very preferably from 1 to 15% by weight.
Preferably, the LC medium contains 1, 2 or 3 compounds of the Formula B2 or its subformulae.
Preferred compounds of the Formula B3 are selected from the following subformulae:
wherein R1 has one of the meanings given in Formula B3 and preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl, more preferably ethyl or propyl, most preferably propyl, and X1 has one of the meanings given in Formula B3 and preferably denotes CF3 or OCF3.
Preferred compounds of the Formula B3 are selected from the following subformulae:
wherein R1 has one of the meanings given in Formula B3 and preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl, more preferably ethyl or propyl, most preferably propyl.
Most preferred are compounds of the Formulae B3-1-1 and B3-2-2.
In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the Formula B or its subformulae B1, B2, B3, B1-1, B1-2, B2-1, B2-2, B2-3, B3-1, B3-2, B3-1-1, B3-1-2, B3-2-1 and B3-2-2 wherein the dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene group is substituted by a methyl or methoxy group, preferably by a methyl group, preferably in p-position to the substituent F, very preferably in p-position to the substituent F (i.e. in m-position to the terminal group R1 or X1).
The proportion of the compounds of the Formula B3 or its subformulae in the LC medium is preferably from 1 to 20%, very preferably from 1 to 10% by weight.
Preferably, the LC medium contains 1, 2 or 3 compounds of the Formula B3 or its subformulae.
Preferably, the total proportion of compounds of the Formula Y and B or their subformulae in the LC medium is from 2 to 25%, very preferably from 3 to 20% by weight.
Further preferred embodiments are indicated below:
Further preferred LC media are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof:
The term “alkyl” or “alkyl*” in this application encompasses straight-chain and branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular the straight-chain groups methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl. Groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are generally preferred.
The term “alkenyl” or “alkenyl*” encompasses straight-chain and branched alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular the straight-chain groups.
Preferred alkenyl groups are C2-C7-1E-alkenyl, C4-C6-3E-alkenyl, in particular C2-C6-1E-alkenyl. Examples of particularly preferred alkenyl groups are vinyl, 1E-propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 1E-hexenyl, 3-butenyl, 3E-pentenyl, 3E-hexenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4Z-hexenyl, 4E-hexenyl and 5-hexenyl. Groups having up to 5 carbon atoms are generally preferred, in particular CH2═CH, CH3CH═CH.
The term “fluoroalkyl” preferably encompasses straight-chain groups having a terminal fluorine, i.e. fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-fluoropentyl, 6-fluorohexyl and 7-fluoroheptyl. However, other positions of the fluorine are not excluded.
The term “oxaalkyl” or “alkoxy” preferably encompasses straight-chain radicals of the Formula CnH2n+1—O—(CH2)m, in which n and m each, independently of one another, denote 1 to 6. m may also denote 0. Preferably, n=1 and m=1 to 6 or m=0 and n=1 to 3. Further preferably the alkoxy or oxaalkyl group can also contain one or more further O atoms such that oxygen atoms are not directly linked to one another.
Through a suitable choice of the meanings of R0 and X0, the addressing times, the threshold voltage, the steepness of the transmission characteristic lines, etc., can be modified in the desired manner. For example, 1E-alkenyl radicals, 3E-alkenyl radicals, 2E-alkenyloxy radicals and the like generally result in shorter addressing times, improved nematic tendencies and a higher ratio between the elastic constants K3 (bend) and K1 (splay) compared with alkyl and alkoxy radicals. 4-Alkenyl radicals, 3-alkenyl radicals and the like generally give lower threshold voltages and lower values of K3/K1 compared with alkyl and alkoxy radicals. The mixtures according to the invention are distinguished, in particular, by high Δε values and thus have significantly faster response times than the mixtures from the prior art.
The optimum mixing ratio of the compounds of the above-mentioned formulae depends substantially on the desired properties, on the choice of the components of the above-mentioned formulae and on the choice of any further components that may be present.
Suitable mixing ratios within the range indicated above can easily be determined from case to case.
The total amount of compounds of the above-mentioned formulae in the LC media according to the invention is not crucial. The LC medium can therefore comprise one or more further components for the purposes of optimisation of various properties. However, the observed effect on the desired improvement in the properties of the LC medium is generally greater, the higher the total concentration of compounds of the above-mentioned formulae.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the invention comprise compounds of the Formulae IV to VIII (preferably IV and V) in which X0 denotes F, OCF3, OCHF2, OCH═CF2, OCF═CF2 or OCF2—CF2H. A favourable synergistic action with the compounds of Formulae LP1 and/or LP2, two or more compounds of the Formula ST, II and III results in particularly advantageous properties. In particular, LC medium comprising compounds of the Formulae LP1 and/or LP2, two or more compounds of the Formula ST, II and III are distinguished by their low threshold voltage.
The individual compounds of the above-mentioned formulae and the subformulae thereof which can be used in the LC media according to the invention are either known or can be prepared analogously to the known compounds.
The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a LC medium as described above and below, by mixing one or more compounds of the Formulae LP1 and/or LP2 with two or more compounds of the Formula ST, and, optionally, with Y1, Y2 or Y3, one or more compounds of the Formula B, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the Formulae II, III, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, IV, VI, XIV, XII, XVI, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc, XX, XXIII, XXIX XXXI and XXXIV.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium additionally comprises one or more polymerisable compounds. The polymerisable compounds are preferably selected from Formula M
Ra—B1—(Zb—B2)m—Rb M
in which the individual radicals, on each occurrence identically or differently, and each, independently of one another, have the following meaning:
Particularly preferred compounds of the Formula M are those in which B1 and B2 each, independently of one another, denote 1,4-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, 9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, anthracene-2,7-diyl, fluorene-2,7-diyl, coumarine, flavone, where, in addition, one or more CH groups in these groups may be replaced by N, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by O and/or S, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, bicycle[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, indane-2,5-diyl or octahydro-4,7-methanoindane-2,5-diyl, where all these groups may be unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by L as defined for the Formula M above.
Particularly preferred compounds of the Formula M are those in which B1 and B2 each, independently of one another, denote 1,4-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl or naphthalene-2,6-diyl.
Very preferred compounds of the Formula M are selected from the following formulae:
in which the individual radicals, on each occurrence identically or differently, and each, independently of one another, have the following meaning:
Especially preferred are compounds of the Formulae M2 and M13.
Further preferred are trireactive compounds M15 to M31, in particular M17, M18, M19, M22, M23, M24, M25, M30 and M31.
In the compounds of the Formulae M1 to M31 the group
is preferably
wherein L on each occurrence, identically or differently, has one of the meanings given for Formula M above or below, and is preferably F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, C(CH3)3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH(CH3)C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5 or P—Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, COCH3, OCF3 or P—Sp-, more preferably F, Cl, CH3, OCH3, COCH3 or OCF3, especially F or CH3.
Preferred compounds of the Formulae M1 to M31 are those wherein P1, P2 and P3 denote an acrylate, methacrylate, oxetane or epoxy group, very preferably an acrylate or methacrylate group.
Further preferred compounds of the Formulae M1 to M31 are those wherein Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3 are a single bond.
Further preferred compounds of the Formulae M1 to M31 are those wherein one of Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3 is a single bond and another one of Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3 is different from a single bond.
Further preferred compounds of the Formulae M1 to M31 are those wherein those groups Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3 that are different from a single bond denote —(CH2)s1—X″—, wherein s1 is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 2, 3, 4 or 5, and X″ is X″ is the linkage to the benzene ring and is —O—, —O—CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—O— or a single bond.
Particular preference is given to LC media comprising one, two or three polymerisable compounds of the Formula M, preferably selected from Formulae M1 to M31.
Further preferably, the LC media according to the present invention comprise one or more polymerisable compounds selected from Table E below.
Preferably, the proportion of polymerisable compounds in the LC medium, preferably selected from Formula M and Table E, is from 0.01 to 5%, very preferably from 0.05 to 1%, most preferably from 0.1 to 0.5%.
It was observed that the addition of one or more polymerisable compounds to the LC medium, like those selected from Formula M and Table E, leads to advantageous properties like fast response times. Such a LC medium is especially suitable for use in PSA displays where it shows low image sticking, a quick and complete polymerisation, the quick generation of a low pretilt angle which is stable after UV exposure, a high reliability, high VHR value after UV exposure, and a high birefringence. By appropriate selection of the polymerisable compounds it is possible to increase the absorption of the LC medium at longer UV wavelengths, so that it is possible to use such longer UV wavelengths for polymerisation, which is advantageous for the display manufacturing process.
The polymerisable group P is a group which is suitable for a polymerisation reaction, such as, for example, free-radical or ionic chain polymerisation, polyaddition or polycondensation, or for a polymer-analogous reaction, for example addition or condensation onto a main polymer chain. Particular preference is given to groups for chain polymerisation, in particular those containing a C═C double bond or —C≡C— triple bond, and groups which are suitable for polymerisation with ring opening, such as, for example, oxetane or epoxide groups.
Preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of CH2═CW1—CO—O—, CH2═CW1—CO—,
CH2═CW2—(O)k3—, CW1═CH—CO—(O)k3—, CW1═CH—CO—NH—, CH2═CW1—CO—NH—, CH3—CH═CH—O—, (CH2═CH)2CH—OCO—, (CH2═CH—CH2)2CH—OCO—, (CH2═CH)2CH—O—, (CH2═CH—CH2)2N—, (CH2═CH—CH2)2N—CO—, HO—CW2W3—, HS—CW2W3—, HW2N—, HO—CW2W3—NH—, CH2═CW1—CO—NH—, CH2═CH—(COO)k1-Phe-(O)k2—, CH2═CH—(CO)k1-Phe-(O)k2—, Phe-CH═CH—, HOOC—, OCN— and W4W5W6Si—, in which W1 denotes H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, W2 and W3 each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W4, W5 and W6 each, independently of one another, denote Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, W7 and W8 each, independently of one another, denote H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe denotes 1,4-phenylene, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals L as defined for Formula M above which are other than P—Sp-, k1, k2 and k3 each, independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, k3 preferably denotes 1, and k4 denotes an integer from 1 to 10.
Very preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of CH2═CW1—CO—O—, CH2═CW1—CO—,
CH2═CW2—O—, CH═CW2—, CW1═CH—CO—(O)k3—, CW1═CH—CO—NH—, CH2═CW1—CO—NH—, (CH2═CH)2CH—OCO—, (CH2═CH—CH2)2CH—OCO—, (CH2═CH)2CH—O—, (CH2═CH—CH2)2N—, (CH2═CH—CH2)2N—CO—, CH2═CW1—CO—NH—, CH2═CH—(COO)k1-Phe-(O)k2—, CH2═CH—(CO)k1-Phe-(O)k2—, Phe-CH═CH— and W4W5W6Si—, in which W1 denotes H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, W2 and W3 each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W4, W5 and W6 each, independently of one another, denote Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, W7 and W8 each, independently of one another, denote H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe denotes 1,4-phenylene, k1, k2 and k3 each, independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, k3 preferably denotes 1, and k4 denotes an integer from 1 to 10.
Very particularly preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of CH2═CW1—CO—O—, in particular CH2═CH—CO—O—, CH2═C(CH3)—CO—O— and CH2═CF—CO—O—, furthermore CH2═CH—O—, (CH2═CH)2CH—O—CO—, (CH2═CH)2CH—O—,
Further preferred polymerisable groups P are selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably from acrylate and methacrylate.
If Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably of the Formula Sp″—X″, so that the respective radical P—Sp- conforms to the Formula P—Sp″—X″—, wherein
Typical spacer groups Sp and —Sp″—X″— are, for example, —(CH2)p1—, —(CH2CH2O)q1—CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2—S—CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2—NH—CH2CH2— or —(SiR0R00—O)p1—, in which p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R0 and R00 have the meanings indicated in Formula M above.
Particularly preferred groups Sp and —Sp″—X″— are —(CH2)p1—, —(CH2)p1—O—, —(CH2)p1—O—CO—, —(CH2)p1—CO—O—, —(CH2)p1—O—CO—O—, in which p1 and q1 have the meanings indicated above.
Particularly preferred groups Sp″ are, in each case straight-chain, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxy-butylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene.
For the production of PSA displays, the polymerisable compounds contained in the LC medium are polymerised or crosslinked (if one compound contains two or more polymerisable groups) by in-situ polymerisation in the LC medium between the substrates of the LC display, optionally while a voltage is applied to the electrodes.
The structure of the PSA displays according to the invention corresponds to the usual geometry for PSA displays, as described in the prior art cited at the outset. Geometries without protrusions are preferred, in particular those in which, in addition, the electrode on the colour filter side is unstructured and only the electrode on the TFT side has slots. Particularly suitable and preferred electrode structures for PS-VA displays are described, for example, in US 2006/0066793 A1.
The combination of compounds of the preferred embodiments mentioned above with the polymerised compounds described above causes low threshold voltages, low rotational viscosities and very good low-temperature stabilities in the LC media according to the invention at the same time as constantly high clearing points and high VHR values.
The use of LC media containing polymerisable compounds allows the rapid establishment of a particularly low pretilt angle in PSA displays. In particular, the LC media exhibit significantly shortened response times, in particular also the grey-shade response times, in PSA displays compared with the media from the prior art.
Preference is generally given to LC media which have a nematic LC phase, and preferably have no chiral liquid crystal phase.
The invention also relates to the use of a LC medium according to the present invention as described above and below for electro-optical purposes, in particular for the use is in shutter glasses, for 3D applications, in TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-FFS, positive VA and positive PS-VA displays, and to electro-optical displays, in particular of the aforementioned types, containing a LC medium according to the present invention as described above and below, in particular a TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-FFS, positive VA (vertically aligned) or positive PS-VA display.
The invention also relates to electro-optical displays, such as, for example, STN or MLC displays, having two plane-parallel outer plates, which, together with a frame, form a cell, integrated non-linear elements for switching individual pixels on the outer plates, and a nematic LC medium having positive dielectric anisotropy and high specific resistance located in the cell, wherein the a nematic LC medium is a LC medium according to the present invention as described above and below.
The LC media according to the invention enable a significant broadening of the available parameter latitude. The achievable combinations of clearing point, viscosity at low temperature, thermal and UV stability and high optical anisotropy are far superior to previous materials from the prior art.
In particular, the combination of compounds of the Formula LP1 and/or LP2 with two or more compounds of the Formula ST and, optionally, with compounds selected from Formulae II-XXXIII or their subformulae, leads to LC media which show a moderate positive dielectric anisotropy and at the same time an increased dielectric constant ε⊥ perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the LC molecules, while maintaining a low rotational viscosity and a low value of the ratio γ1/K1. This enables LC displays, especially of the FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS and IPS mode, with high brightness and transmission and low response times.
The LC media according to the invention are suitable for mobile applications and TFT applications, such as, for example, mobile telephones and PDAs. Furthermore, the LC media according to the invention are particularly suitably for use in FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS and IPS displays based on dielectrically positive liquid crystals.
The LC media according to the invention, while retaining the nematic phase down to −20° C. and preferably down to −30° C., particularly preferably down to −40° C., and the clearing point ≥85° C., preferably ≥90° C., at the same time allow rotational viscosities γ1 of 120 mPa·s, particularly preferably 100 mPa·s, to be achieved, enabling excellent MLC displays having fast response times to be achieved. The rotational viscosities are determined at 20° C.
The dielectric anisotropy Δε of the LC media according to the invention at 20° C. and 1 kHz is preferably ≥+1.5, very preferably from +3 to +18.
The birefringence Δn of the LC media according to the invention at 20° C. is preferably from 0.08 to 0.12, very preferably from 0.09 to 0.11.
The rotational viscosity γ1 of the LC media according to the invention is preferably ≤120 mPa s, more preferably ≤110 mPa s, very preferably ≤90 mPa s.
The ratio γ1/K1 (wherein γ1 is the rotational viscosity γ1 and K1 is the elastic constant for splay deformation) of the LC media according to the invention is preferably ≤7 mPa·s/pN, very preferably ≤6 mPa·s/pN, most preferably ≤5.5 mPa·s/pN.
The nematic phase range of the LC media according to the invention preferably has a width of at least 90° C., more preferably of at least 100° C., in particular at least 110° C. This range preferably extends at least from −25° C. to +90° C.
It goes without saying that, through a suitable choice of the components of the LC media according to the invention, it is also possible for higher clearing points (for example above 100° C.) to be achieved at higher threshold voltages or lower clearing points to be achieved at lower threshold voltages with retention of the other advantageous properties. At viscosities correspondingly increased only slightly, it is likewise possible to obtain LC media having a higher Δε and thus low thresholds. The MLC displays according to the invention preferably operate at the first Gooch and Tarry transmission minimum [C. H. Gooch and H. A. Tarry, Electron. Lett. 10, 2-4, 1974; C. H. Gooch and H. A. Tarry, Appl. Phys., Vol. 8, 1575-1584, 1975], where, besides particularly favourable electro-optical properties, such as, for example, high steepness of the characteristic line and low angle dependence of the contrast (German patent 30 22 818), lower dielectric anisotropy is sufficient at the same threshold voltage as in an analogous display at the second minimum. This enables significantly higher specific resistance values to be achieved using the mixtures according to the invention at the first minimum than in the case of LC media comprising cyano compounds. Through a suitable choice of the individual components and their proportions by weight, the person skilled in the art is able to set the birefringence necessary for a pre-specified layer thickness of the MLC display using simple routine methods.
Measurements of the voltage holding ratio (HR) [S. Matsumoto et al., Liquid Crystals 5, 1320 (1989); K. Niwa et al., Proc. SID Conference, San Francisco, June 1984, p. 304 (1984); G. Weber et al., Liquid Crystals 5, 1381 (1989)] have shown that LC media according to the invention comprising compounds of the Formulae ST-1, ST-2, RV, IA and IB exhibit a significantly smaller decrease in the HR on UV exposure than analogous mixtures comprising cyanophenyl-cyclohexanes of the Formula
or esters of the Formula
instead of the compounds of the Formulae I ST-1, ST-2, RV, IA and IB.
The light stability and UV stability of the LC media according to the invention are considerably better, i.e. they exhibit a significantly smaller decrease in the HR on exposure to light, heat or UV.
The construction of the MLC display according to the invention from polarisers, electrode base plates and surface-treated electrodes corresponds to the usual design for displays of this type. The term usual design is broadly drawn here and also encompasses all derivatives and modifications of the MLC display, in particular including matrix display elements based on poly-Si TFTs or MIM.
A significant difference between the displays according to the invention and the hitherto conventional displays based on the twisted nematic cell consists, however, in the choice of the LC parameters of the LC layer.
—O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by a halogen atom;
The LC media may also comprise further additives known to the person skilled in the art and described in the literature, such as, for example, polymerisation initiators, inhibitors, surface-active substances, light stabilisers, antioxidants, e.g. BHT, TEMPOL, microparticles, free-radical scavengers, nanoparticles, etc. For example, 0 to 15% of pleochroic dyes or chiral dopants or initiators like Irgacure® 651 or Irgacure® 907 can be added. Suitable stabilisers and dopants are mentioned below in Tables C and D.
In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more stabilisers ST or H described above or those selected from Table D.
Preferably, the proportion of stabilisers, like those of the Formulae ST or H in the LC medium is from 10 to 2000 ppm, very preferably from 30 to 1000 ppm.
In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention contains a self-aligning (SA) additive, preferably in a concentration of 0.1 to 2.5%. An LC medium according to this preferred embodiment is especially suitable for use in polymer stabilised SA-FFS, SA-HB-FFS or SA-XB-FFS displays.
In a preferred embodiment, the SA-FFS, SA-HB-FFS or SA-XB-FFS display according to the present invention does not contain a polyimide alignment layer. In another preferred embodiment, the SA-FFS, SA-HB-FFS or SA-XB-FFS display contains a polyimide alignment layer.
Preferred SA additives for use in this preferred embodiment are selected from compounds comprising a mesogenic group and a straight-chain or branched alkyl side chain that is terminated with one or more polar anchor groups selected from hydroxy, carboxy, amino or thiol groups.
Further preferred SA additives contain one or more polymerisable groups which are attached, optionally via spacer groups, to the mesogenic group or the polar anchor group. These polymerisable SA additives can be polymerised in the LC medium under similar conditions as applied for the RMs in the PSA process.
Suitable SA additives to induce homeotropic alignment, especially for use in SA-VA mode displays, are disclosed for example in US 2013/0182202 A1, US 2014/0838581 A1, US 2015/0166890 A1 and US 2015/0252265 A1.
In another preferred embodiment, an LC medium or a polymer stabilised SA-FFS, SA-HB-FFS or SA-XB-FFS display according to the present invention contains one or more self-aligning additives selected from Table F below.
Furthermore, it is possible to add to the LC media, for example, 0 to 15% by weight of pleochroic dyes, furthermore nanoparticles, conductive salts, preferably ethyldimethyldodecylammonium 4-hexoxybenzoate, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate or complex salts of crown ethers (cf. for example, Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 24, 249-258 (1973)), for improving the conductivity, or substances for modifying the dielectric anisotropy, the viscosity and/or the alignment of the nematic phases. Substances of this type are described, for example, in DE-A 22 09 127, 22 40 864, 23 21 632, 23 38 281, 24 50 088, 26 37 430 and 28 53 728.
For the present invention and in the following examples, the structures of the LC compounds are indicated by means of acronyms, with the transformation into chemical formulae taking place in accordance with Tables A to C below. All radicals CmH2m+1, CnH2n+1, and ClH2l+1 or CmH2m−1, CnH2n−1 and ClH2l−1 are straight-chain alkyl radicals or alkylene radicals, in each case having n, m and l C atoms respectively. Preferably, n, m and I are independently of each other 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Table A shows the codes for the ring elements of the nuclei of the compound, Table B lists the bridging units, and Table C lists the meanings of the symbols for the left- and right-hand end groups of the molecules. The acronyms are composed of the codes for the ring elements with optional linking groups, followed by a first hyphen and the codes for the left-hand end group, and a second hyphen and the codes for the right-hand end group. Table D shows illustrative structures of compounds together with their respective abbreviations.
in which n and m are each integers, and the three dots “ . . . ” are placeholders for other abbreviations from this table.
The following abbreviations are used:
Preferred mixture components are shown in Tables D and E.
Particular preference is given to LC media which, besides the compounds of the Formulae LP1 and/or LP2 and ST, comprise at least one, two, three, four or more compounds from Table E.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more polymerizable compounds, preferably selected from the polymerizable compounds of the Formulae RM-1 to RM-182. Of these, compounds RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170 and RM-171 to RM-183 are particularly preferred.
In a preferred embodiment, the LC media, SA-VA and SA-FFS displays according to the present invention comprise one or more SA additives selected from Formulae SA-1 to SA-48, preferably from Formulae SA-14 to SA-48, very preferably from Formulae SA-20 to SA-34 and SA-44, in combination with one or more RMs.
In a preferred embodiment, the LC media, SA-FFS, SA-HB-FFS and SA-XB-FFS displays according to the present invention comprise one or more SA additives selected from Formulae SA-1 to SA-34, preferably from Formulae SA-14 to SA-34, very preferably from Formulae SA-20 to SA-28, most preferably of the Formula SA-20, in combination with one or more RMs of the Formula LP1 and/or LP2. Very preferred is a combination of polymerizable compound 1, 2 or 3 of Example 1 below, very preferably of polymerizable compound 3 of Example 1, with an SA additive of the Formula SA-20 to SA-28, very preferably of the Formula SA-20.
The following mixture examples are intended to explain the invention without limiting it.
Above and below, percentage data denote percent by weight. All temperatures are indicated in degrees Celsius. m.p. denotes melting point, cl.p.=clearing point. Furthermore, C=crystalline state, N=nematic phase, S=smectic phase and I=isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represent the transition temperatures. Furthermore, the following symbols are used
All physical properties are determined in accordance with “Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals”, status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and apply for a temperature of 20 OC, unless explicitly indicated otherwise.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M1 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M1.
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M1 to a lesser extent in comparison to Mixture Example S1.
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M1 to a lesser extent in comparison to Mixture Example S1.
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M1 to a lesser extent in comparison to Mixture Example S1.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M2 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M2.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M3 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M3.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M4 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M4.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M5 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M5.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M6 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M6.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M7 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M7.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M8 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M8.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M9 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M9.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M10 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M10.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows: Mixture M11 99.84 wt.-% Compound of the Formula ST-1-3 100 ppm
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M11 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M11.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows: Mixture M12 99.84 wt.-%
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M12 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M12.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M13 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M13.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M14 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M14.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M15 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M15.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M16 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M16.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M17 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M17.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M18 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M18.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M19 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M19.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M20 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M20.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M21 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M21.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M22 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M22.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M23 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M23.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M24 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M24.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M25 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M25.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M26 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M26.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M27 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M27.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M28 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M28.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M29 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M29.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M30 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M30.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M31 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M31.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M32 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M32.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M33 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M33.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M34 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M34.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M35 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M35.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M36 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M36.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M37 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M37.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M38 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M38.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M39 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M39.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M40 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M40.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M41 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M41.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M42 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M42.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M43 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M43.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M44 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M44.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M45 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M45.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M46 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M46.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M47 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M47.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M48 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M48.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M49 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M49.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M50 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M50.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M51 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M51.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M52 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M52.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M53 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M53.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M54 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M54.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M55 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M55.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M56 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M56.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M57 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M57.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M58 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M58.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M59 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M59.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M60 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M60.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M61 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M61.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M62 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M62.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M63 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M63.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M64 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M64.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M65 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M65.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M66 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M66.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M67 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M67.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M68 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M68.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M69 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M69.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M70 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M70.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M71 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M71.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M72 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M72.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M73 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M73.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M74 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M74.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M75 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M75.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M76 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M76.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M77 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M77.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M78 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M78.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M79 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M79.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M80 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M80.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M81 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M81.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M82 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M82.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M83 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M83.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M84 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M84.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M85 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M85.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M86 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M86.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M87 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M87.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M88 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M88.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M89 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M89.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M90 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M90.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M91 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M91.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M92 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M92.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M93 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M93.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M94 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M94.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M95 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M95.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M96 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M96.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M97 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M97.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M98 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M98.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M99 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M99.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M100 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M100.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M101 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M101.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M102 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M102.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M103 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M103.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M104 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M104.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M105 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M105.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M106 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M106.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M107 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M107.
A nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:
A nematic LC mixture according to the invention is formulated as follows:
Addition of the above listed stabilizing compounds significantly improves the VHR100 after UV exposure compared to the non-stabilized mixture M108 without affecting the remaining physical properties of the mixture M108.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22212032.1 | Dec 2022 | EP | regional |
